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The Cold War • The USA and the Soviet Union were willing to cooperate in order to defeat Hitler and liberate Germany from Nazi oppression; but after WWII, the need for cooperation between the two disappeared, and the threat posed by the USSR to non-totalitarian countries increased tensions. • The espionage by which the USSR obtained American atomic bomb technology might be seen as the starting point of the Cold War. • Julius Rosenberg (together with his wife Ethel), Russell McNutt, and several others were paid by the KGB to infiltrate the American nuclear weapons program and send classified information to the USSR. • Alger Hiss was part of a large spy ring inside the US State Department; he and others smuggled secret memos and reports to the KGB. • Reporters like I.F. Stone were paid by the KGB to convince the American public that there was no network of Soviet-paid spies inside the US government. Persuaded by “Izzy” Stone and news media, average people in the USA never realized how great the danger was. • The Soviet goal was domination of other countries by means of totalitarian- enforced communism and atheism. American goals were mainly defensive. • The “Cold War” was so named because the United States and the Soviet Union never engaged in direct military battle. Proxy wars were fought through representative nations (Korea and Vietnam), but most of the Cold War was dominated by espionage, and finally by economic competition. • The USA eventually built so many expensive weapons so quickly that the USSR’s economy collapsed when it tried to match American military technology. Although the primary cause of the Soviet failure was the expansion of US arms (thus this final phase could be seen as a sort of war of attrition), President Reagan cannot receive credit alone; he was aided by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, Polish leader Lech Walesa, German Chancellor Helmut Kohl, Pope John Paul II, and popular resistance movements in Soviet-dominated nations like East Germany and Romania..

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The End of Détente* a Case Study of the 1980 Moscow Olympics
The End of Détente* A Case Study of the 1980 Moscow Olympics By Thomas Smith After the election of autonomous and must resist all pressure of any Jimmy Carter as US kind whatsoever, whether of a political, religious President, Prime or economic nature.”1 With British government Minister Margaret documents from 1980 recently released under the Thatcher flew to Thirty Year Rule, the time seems apt to evaluate the Washington on 17th debate about the Olympic boycott, and to ask the December 1979 for question: to what extent was the call by the British her first official visit. government for a boycott of the 1980 Moscow Five days later NATO Olympics an appropriate response to the invasion of announced the de- Afghanistan? ployment of a new Before the argument of the essay is established, it generation of American is first necessary to provide a brief narrative of the rockets and Cruise main events. Thatcher’s government began discussing missiles in Western the idea of a boycott in early January 1980; however, Europe. On the 25th their first action was to call for the Olympics to be December Soviet moved to a different location. Once the IOC declared troops marched into that relocating the Olympics was out of the question, Afghanistan. Thatcher told the House of Commons that she was now advising athletes not to go to Moscow and wrote Photo: U.S. Government to Sir Denis Follows, Chairman of the BOA, informing Introduction him of the government’s decision. The BOA, which was Britain’s NOC and the organisation that could During the 1970s, relations between the West and the accept or decline the invitation to the Olympics, Soviet Union were marked by an era of détente.
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