QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

ANATOMY PORTION

Quick revision of some important ducts

- Bellini’s duct - Straight collecting tubules of the - Bartholin’s duct - The major duct of the sublingual gland. - Cystic duct - Excretory duct of gall bladder. - Gartner’s duct - A remnant of Wolffian duct. - Mullerian duct - Bilateral ducts in the embryo that form the uterus, vagina and fallopian tubes. - Wirsung’s duct - Pancreatic duct. - Santorini’s duct - Accessory pancreatic duct. - Wharton’s duct - Duct of submandibular gland. - Vitelline duct - The narrow duct in the embryo that connects the yolk sac with the intestine. - Ducts of Rivinus - 5 to 15 ducts that drain the posterior portion of the sublingual gland. - Stensen’s duct - Parotid duct. - Pecquet’s duct - Thoracic duct. - Hensen’s duct - Ductus reunions. - Hoffman’s duct - Pancreatic duct or Wirsung’s duct. - Bernard’s duct - Accessory pancreatic duct or Santorini’s duct

Weight of Some Important Organs 1. Pancreas ------> 80 - 90g (85 gm) 2. Kidney ------> 150g (male) 130 g ( female) 3. Suprarenal Gland ------> 5 g 4. Uterus ------> 30-40 g 5. Testis ------> 10-15 g 6. Spleen ------> 200 g 7. Head ------> 3175 g 8. Thyroid ------> 25 g 9. Brain ------> 1400 g (1/50th or 2% of TBW) 10. Lung ------> 700g (R) 650g (L) 11. Heart ------> 300 g (Male) 250 g (Female) 12. Placenta ------> 500g (at full term 13. ------> 1600gm in males and 1300gm in female 14. Prostate ------> 8g 15. Pineal gland ------> 0.1 to 0.2 gm

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QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

Developmental events during the embryonic period 1. Developmental events Day/days of gestation 2. Fertilization Day 1 3. Blastocyst Day 4 4. Bilaminar embryonic disc Days 8 5. Implantation Day 10 6. Primary streak appears Day 15 7. Primitive heart tube Day 17 8. Neurulation, first pair of somite Day 21 9. Limb buds Days 26-28 10. Primitive gut Day 31 11. Physiological herniation Day 36 12. Face appears Day 37 13. External genitalia Day 53 14. Miniature human form Day 56

Developmental of fetus in weeks Age (weeks) Developmental Age (weeks) Developmental events events 9 Closed or closing eyes, more rounded head, and herniation of intestines in umbilical cord 10 Intestines in abdomen and early development of fingernails 12 Differentiated external genitalia and well defined neck 14 Erect head, well-developed lower limb, and early finger nail development 16 External ears standing out from the head 18 Vernix caseosa and early toe nail development 20 Lanugo hair 22 Wrinkled and red skin 24 Fingernails and lean body 26 Partially open eyes and eyelashes 28 Open eyes, hair, and slightly wrinkled skin 30 Toe nails and descending testes 32 Fingernails up to finger tips, and pink and smooth skin 36 Plumb body, absence of lanugo hair, toe nails up to toe tips, flexed limbs, and a firm grasp 38 Prominent chest, protruding breasts, testes in the scrotum or inguinal canals, and fingernails beyond finger tips

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QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

Time of appearance of ossification centre BONE OSSIFICATION CENTRE TIME 1. Clavicle 8 week of menstrual age 2. Mandible and palate 9 week 3. Vertebral body and neural arch 9 week 4. Frontal bone 1 0-11 weeks 5. Femur, humerus, scapula, ileum, and phalanges 11 week 6. Skull base 12-14 weeks 7. Skull calvaria 16 week 8. Metatarsals and metacarpals Early second trimester 9. Calcaneum 24-26 weeks 10. Femur, humerus, scapula, ileum, and phalanges 11 week

HISTOLOGY Types of epithelium Location 1. Simple squamous epithelium » The lining of the heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels » Lining of alveoli (Air sacs of lungs) » Middle ear cavity (internal eardrum) » Parietal layer of bowman capsule » Peritoneal pleura » Pericardial cavities 2. Simple cuboidal epithelium » Alveoli of glands of the body » Lining of kidney tubules and other ducts » ovary 3. Simple columnar epithelium » Digestive Tract: , small & large intestine » Ciliated tissues: bronchi, fallopian tubes and uterus » Noncilliated (smooth) tissues: digestive tract and bladder, gallbladder 4. Pseudostratified columnar » Respiratory passages ( trachea, bronchi) epithelium » Male reproductive system (epididymis) 5. Stratified squamous » Keratinized: epidermis epithelium » Non-keratinized: – Lines of oral cavity, esophagus and vagina, – Opening lower 1/3 of anal canal – Oral opening/pharynx – Epithelium of cornea 6. Stratified cuboidal » Epithelium around follicular antrum epithelium » Epithelium lining on the ducts of the sweat gland 7. Stratified columnar » Conjunctiva of the eyes epithelium » Lobar ducts in salivary glands » Cavernous/penile urethra 8. Transitional epithelium » Renal pelvis » Ureter » Urinary bladder

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QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

Anatomical Landmarks From Top To Bottom 1. C1-C2 Vertebra: Vocal cords 2. C2 Vertebra: Oropharynx and soft palate with mouth open 3. C3 Vertebra: Hyoid bone 4. C2-C3 Vertebra: Level of larynx in infants 5. C3-C6 Vertebra: Level of larynx in adults 6. C3-C4 Vertebra: Bifurcation of common carotid artery 7. C4 & C5 Vertebra: Thyroid cartilage 8. C6 Vertebra: Cricoid cartilage 9. C6 Vertebra: Beginning of trachea 10. C6 Vertebra: Beginning of esophagus 11. C7 Vertebra: Prominence » Thyroid lobe superior extent-oblique line of thyroid cartilage » Isthmus of thyroid gland-2nd through 4th tracheal rings » Thyroid lobe inferior extent-sixth tracheal ring » Spine at root of scapula-opposite third thoracic spine 12. T1 Vertebra: Thoracic inlet 13. T2 Vertebra : Superior angle of scapula-overlies part of 2nd rib-1st intercostal space superior to angle 14. T3 & T4 Vertebra junction: Jugular notch 15. T3-T4/T4 Vertebra: Carina 16. T3 & T4 Vertebra: Manubrium Sterni 17. T4 & T5 Vertebra: Sternal angle 18. T5 to T9 vertebra: Body of sternum 19. T5 to T9 Vertebra: Greater splanchnic nerve( sympathetic ganglia) 20. T5 to T9 Vertebra: : Apex of heart/mitral value-5th intercostal space 21. T5 to T8 vertebra: Base of heart/supine position 22. T6 to T9 vertebra: Base of heart/erect position 23. T6 vertebra: Oblique fissure of lung 24. T7 vertebra: Inferior angle of scapula 25. T8 vertebra: Vena caval foramen 26. T9 vertebra: Xiphoid process 27. T9 vertebra: Xiphisternal joint-T9 vertebra typically 28. T10 vertebra: 29. T11 vertebra: Termination of oesophagus 30. T11-T12 vertebra: Lesser splanchnic nerve (sympathetic ganglia) 31. T12 vertebra: Least splanchnic nerve(sympathetic ganglion) 32. T12 vertebra: Aortic hiatus 33. T12 vertebra: Coeliac trunk branch of abdominal 34. T12 & L1 vertebra: » of respiratory diaphragm ( T12 & L1 junction) » Pulmonary valve - left 2nd intercostal space medial » Aortic valve-right 2nd intercostal space » Tricuspid valve - right lower sternum » Nipple in male - 4th intercostal space in midclavicular line

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QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

35. L1 Vertebra: » Trans-pyloric plane » Pylorus of stomach » 1st part of duodenum » spinal cord termination in adults » L1 superior border - Celiac trunk » L1 inferior border - Superior mesenteric artery 36. L2 Vertebra: Left renal vein 37. L1,L2,L3 Vertebra right side: 2nd part of duodenum 38. L2 Vertebra: left 39. L3 Vertebra: » 3rd part of duodenum » right crus of diaphragm » inferior mesenteric artery » subcostal plane » spinal cord termination in New born » spleen-obliquely along axis of 10th rib 40. Kidneys » Right kidney: – Superior pole-T12 – Inferior pole-L3 – Hilum-L1 » Left kidney: – Superior pole-T12 – inferior pole-L3 – Hilum-L1 41. L2 & L3 Vertebra: Pancreas head 42. L3 & L4 Vertebra: umbilicus(in supine/recumbent position) (disc between L3-L4) 43. L4 Vertebra: Bifurcation of 44. L4 Vertebra: Supracristal plane/highest point on iliac crest 45. L5 Vertebra: Trans tubercular plane 46. L5 Vertebra: Origin of inferior vena cava 47. S1 Vertebra (sacral promontory): Anterior superior iliac spine 48. S1 Vertebra: Posterior superior iliac spine 49. Pubic symphysis - tip of coccyx

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QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

ALL THESE POINTS ARE COLLECTED FROM PAST EXAMINATION SUCH AS FCPS-1 (GROUP 2010-15), PMDC-1 GROUP, USMLE-1, DIMS NOTES AND FIRST AID

ANATOMY HIGH YIELD POINTS 1. Exaggerated over-curvature of thoracic area of vertebral Kyphosis column 2. Lateral deviation of Scoliosis 3. Major feature of cervical vertebrae Transverse foramina L4 cervical vertebra 4. Vertebra located at level of iliac crest Ligamentum flavum 5. Ligament that connects internal surface of laminae of vertebrae Anterior longitudinal 6. Ligament that checks hyperextension of vertebral column Anterior longitudinal 7. Ligament affected by whiplash injury Pedicle ligament 8. Ligament which limits skull rotation Alar ligament 9. Defective portion of vertebra with spondylolisthesis in cervical Pars interarticularis, area 10. Defective portion of vertebra with spondylolisthesis in lumbar Lamina area 11. Common direction of all superior articular facets of vertebrae Posterior 12. Structure in contact with posterior surface of dens Transverse ligament of atlas (part of cruciate) 13. Ligament that forms the horizontal part of cruciform ligament. Transverse ligament 14. Most commonly herniated intervertebral disc L4-L5 intervertebral disc 15. Most common nerve compressed with herniated intervertebral L5 intervertebral disc disc 16. Spinal nerve affected by protrusion of the disc between C5/6 C6 Nerve 17. Thoracic intercostal space located deep to triangle of sixth auscultation 18. Vertebral level of lumbar puncture L4 vertebra 19. Innervation of suboccipital muscles Suboccipital nerve 20. Roof of suboccipital triangle Semispinalis capitis 21. Floor of suboccipital triangle Posterior arch of atlas posterior atlanto-occipital membrane 22. Major vessel within suboccipital triangle vertebral artery 23. Synonym for dorsal ramus of C2 Greater occipital nerve 24. Inferior extent of dura-arachnoid sac Sacral vertebra 2 25. Inferior extent of spinal cord Lumber vertebra 2 26. Location of internal vertebral plexus Epidural space 27. Most frequently fractured bone of body Clavicle

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QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

28. Most frequently dislocated carpal bone Lunate bone 29. Most frequently fracture carpal bone Scaphoid 30. Name of fracture of distal radius that produces “dinner fork” Colle's fracture appearance 31. Nerve injured with fracture of surgical neck of humerus Axillary Nerve 32. Nerve injured with fracture of medial humeral epicondyle Ulnar Nerve 33. Nerve injured with fracture of shaft of humerus Radial Nerve 34. Nerve injured in wrist drop Radial Nerve 35. Muscle that is chief flexor and chief extensor at shoulder joint Deltoid muscle 36. Muscles innervated by axillary nerve Deltoid and teres minor muscle 37. Muscle that initiates abduction of arm Supraspinatus muscle 38. Most commonly torn tendon of rotator cuff Supraspinatus muscle 39. Two muscles that rotate scapula for full abduction of arm Trapezius and serratus anterior 40. Tendon that courses through shoulder joint Long head of biceps tendon 41. Chief supinator muscle of hand Biceps brachii muscle 42. Injury to what nerve causes winged scapula Long thoracic nerve 43. Spinal levels of axillary nerve C5 and C6 44. Spinal levels to muscles of the hand C8 and T1 45. Dermatome of thumb C6 46. Nerve to thenar compartment Recurrent branch of Median 47. Innervation of adductor pollicis Ulnar (deep branch) 48. Innervation to all interosseous muscles Ulnar (deep branch) 49. Region affected by upper trunk injury of brachial plexus Shoulder 50. Region affected by lower trunk injury of brachial plexus Intrinsic hand muscles 51. Nerve compressed with carpal tunnel syndrome Median Nerve 52. Nerve affected by cubital tunnel syndrome Ulnar Nerve 53. Paralysis of which muscles results in total “claw” hand Lumbricals muscles 54. Boundaries of femoral triangle 1. Inguinal ligament 2. Sartorius muscle 3. Adductor longus muscle 55. Structure immediately lateral to femoral sheath Femoral nerve 56. Structure immediately medial to femoral artery in femoral Femoral vein sheath 57. Contents of femoral canal Deep inguinal lymph nodes 58. Medial boundary of femoral ring Lacunar ligament 59. Structures that course throughout entire length of adductor Femoral artery and vein canal 60. Structures that course through only portion of adductor canal 1. Saphenous nerve

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QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

2. Nerve to vastus medialis 3. Descending genicular vessels 61. Muscle that forms floor of popliteal fossa Popliteus muscle 62. Muscle that is chief flexor at hip joint Iliopsoas muscle 63. Muscle that prevents pelvis from tilting when walking Gluteus medius muscle 64. Muscle that extends leg Quadriceps femoris 65. Muscle that unlocks knee joint Popliteus muscle 66. Muscle affected with “foot slap” Tibialis anterior 67. Chief invertors of foot Tibialis anterior and posterior M. 68. Chief evertors of foot Fibularis longus and brevis M. 69. Ligament that checks backward displacement of femur on tibia Anterior cruciate ligament 70. Ligament laxity with positive valgus maneuver Medial collateral ligament 71. Most commonly injured ankle ligament Anterior talofibular ligament 72. Ligament stretched with “flat foot” Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) 73. Joints for movements of inversion and eversion Subtalar and transverse Tarsal 74. Major artery to head of femur in adult Medial femoral circumflex 75. Nerve affected with fracture of head and neck of fibula Common fibular nerve 76. Tendon affected with avulsion fracture of 5th metatarsal Fibularis brevis 77. Innervation of adductor magnus Obturator, tibial portion of Sciatic nerve 78. Nerve affected with tarsal tunnel syndrome Tibial Nerve 79. Cutaneous innervation to medial side of foot Saphenous (L4) Nerve 80. Cutaneous innervation to lateral side of foot Sural (S1) Nerve 81. Cutaneous innervation of heel Deep fibular Nerve 82. Cutaneous innervation to dorsal aspect of web between toes 1 Tibial nerve and 2 83. Cutaneous innervation of most of dorsum of foot Superficial fibular 84. Major dermatome to big toe L4 85. Dermatome to small toe S1 86. Spinal level of patellar reflex L4 87. Spinal level of Achilles reflex S1 88. Locking of knee when walking suggests Meniscus injury 89. Major injury triad with lateral impact to knee Medial collateral, medial meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament 90. Dermatome around nipple T4 91. Vertebral level at inferior angle of scapula Thoracic vertebra 7 92. Structure that lies immediately posterior to manubrium Thymus 93. Rib related to oblique fissure of lung posteriorly 2nd rib

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QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

94. Rib paralleled by horizontal fissure of right lung 4th rib 95. Inferior extent of lung at midclavicular line 6th rib 96. Inferior extent of pleura at midclavicular line 8th rib 97. Inferior extent of lung at midaxillary line 8th rib 98. Inferior extent of pleura at midaxillary line 10th rib 99. Inferior extent of lung posteriorly 10th rib 100. Inferior extent of pleura posteriorly 12th rib 101. Innervation of costal pleura Intercostal nerve 102. Innervation of mediastinal pleura Phrenic nerve 103. Site for auscultation of pulmonary valve Left 2nd interspace 104. Site for auscultation of aortic valve Right 2nd interspace 105. Site for auscultation of tricuspid valve Xiphisternal joint 106. Site for auscultation of mitral valve Left 5th intercostal space, midclavicular line 107. Heart chamber with greatest sternocostal projection Right ventricle 108. Chamber that forms apex of heart Left ventricle 109. major chamber that forms base of heart Left atrium 110. Heart chamber that contains moderator band Right ventricle 111. Artery that determines coronary dominance Posterior interventricular 112. Usual origin of SA and AV nodal arteries Right coronary artery 113. Location of SA node Cristae terminalis 114. Major vessel that drains the musculature of the heart Coronary sinus 115. Innervation of fibrous pericardium Phrenic nerve 116. Most common cause of systolic ejection murmur Aortic stenosis 117. Rib associated with sternal angle Second rib 118. Vertebral level associated with sternal angle Disc between Thoracic vertebra 4-5 119. Location of ductus arteriosus Between left pulmonary artery and aorta 120. Nerve potentially injured with repair of patent ductus Left recurrent laryngeal Nerve arteriosus 121. Veins that unite to form brachiocephalic Subclavian and Jugular internal 122. Veins that unite to form superior vena cava Right and left Brachiocephalic 123. Termination of azygos vein Superior vena cava 124. Structures that lie to right and left of thoracic duct Azygos veins, aorta 125. Spinal levels of greater splanchnic nerve T5-9 126. Spinal levels of lesser splanchnic nerve T10-11 127. Spinal levels of least splanchnic nerve T12

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QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

128. Thoracic structures that can compress the esophagus Left bronchus, aorta and Diaphragm 129. Disease often associated with thymoma Myasthenia gravis 130. Ligament that extends from the dens of the axis to the anterior Longitudinal Ligament aspect of the foramen magnum and to the body of the axis 131. Ligament that extends from the apex of the dens to the anterior Apical Ligament aspect of the foramen magnum (of the occipital bone). 132. Ligament that extends from the apex of the dens to the tubercle Alar ligament on the medial side of the occipital condyle. 133. Trachea bifurcates at the upper border of T5 vertebra (at the disc between T4/T5, most of the authors) 134. Carina is present at the bifurcation of trachea into bronchi T-6 vertebra level 135. The sternocostal surface of heart is majorly constituted by the Right ventricle. 136. Superior vena cava pierces pericardium at the level of right and 2nd costal cartilage enters the right atrium at 3rd costal cartilage. 137. Superior vena cava enters the right atrium at the level of 3rd costal cartilage. 138. Arch of aorta beginning and ending is at the same level T4 vertebra. 139. Scalenus posterior attaches to 2nd rib. 140. Thoracic that passes through superior thoracic aperture, but Thoracic duct not between apex of lung and first rib. 141. Rib that do not articulate with sternum and is a 8th rib vertebrocondral rib 142. Rib that is false rib, since it doesn’t attach to the sternum 10th rib 143. The pain of pericarditis originates in the parietal layer only and Phrenic nerve. is transmitted by the 144. Nerve that passes anterior to the hilum of lungs Phrenic 145. Nerve that passes posterior to the hilum of lungs Vagus nerve 146. Posterior intercostal arteries are branches of descending thoracic aorta 147. Vasa vasorum originates from the coronary arteries in the ascending aorta 148. Azygos (unpaired) vein is formed by the union of the Right subcostal and right ascending lumbar veins 149. Vein which is the the first tributary of SVC Azygous vein 150. Left superior intercostal vein drains into the left whereas brachiocephalic vein 151. Right superior intercostal vein drains into Azygous vein 152. Vein opens into the azygous vein near its termination into SVC Right bronchial vein 153. Vein which is turns to the right and crosses (in front of the vertebral column) posterior to the aorta, esophagus and Hemiazygous vein thoracic duct to terminate in the azygos vein. 154. Vena caval (tendinous) opening is present at vertebral level T8 (lower border) 155. Oesophageal (muscular) opening is present at vertebral level T10 (body) 156. Aortic(osseoaponeurotic) opening is present at vertebral level T12 (lower border) 157. Structures passing through Vena caval (tendinous) opening IVC Branches of right phrenic nerve

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QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

158. Structures passing through Oesophageal Oesophagus (muscular) opening Right and left vagal trunk Oesophageal branches of left gastric artery 159. Structures passing through Aortic Aorta (osseoaponeurotic) opening Azygous vein (sometimes) Thoracic duct 160. During pericardiocentesisis needle is inserted into the 5th intercostal space left of the pericardial cavity through the sternum( costoxiphoid angle). 161. During pericardiocentesisis needle is 1–2 cm to the left of the costoxiphoid passed …………………………...and then up and backwards angle at 45° to the skin towards the tip of the scapula until it enters the pericardial sac. 162. Remnant of umbilical vein Round ligament of liver 163. Dermatome to umbilical area T10 T10 164. Dermatome to suprapubic area L1 L1 165. Vertebral level associated with origin of celiac artery T12 T12 166. Vertebral level associated with origin of SMA L1 L1 167. Vertebral level associated with origin renal arteries L2 L2 168. Vertebral level associated with origin of gonadal arteries L2 L2 169. Vertebral level associated with origin of IMA L3 LE 170. Vertebral level of umbilicus Disc L3-4 L3-L4 171. Vertebral level of aortic bifurcation L5 L5 172. Vertebral level for formation of IVC L5 L5 173. Spinal levels to muscles of anterior abdominal wall T7 – L1 T7-L1 174. Structure that forms superficial inguinal ring Aponeurosis of external Oblique 175. Structure that forms deep inguinal ring Trasnversalis fasica 176. Structure that form floor of inguinal canal Inguinal ligament 177. Bony attachments of inguinal ligament ASIS and pubic tubercle 178. Structures that form conjoint tendon Internal oblique and transversus abdominis 179. Abdominal layer continuous with external spermatic fascia External oblique 180. Abdominal continuous with cremasteric fascia Internal oblique 181. Abdominal layer continuous with internal spermatic fascia Transversalis fascia 182. Structure that lies between protrusion sites of direct and Inferior epigastric artery indirect hernias 183. Type of hernia that enters deep inguinal ring Indirect inguinal 184. Most common type of hernia Indirect inguinal 185. Most common side for indirect inguinal hernia Right Side

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QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

186. Type of hernia that protrudes through Hesselbach's triangle Direct inguinal 187. Boundaries of Hesselbach's triangle 1. Inguinal ligament 2. Rectus abdominis 3. Inferior epigastric artery 4. Inferior epigastric vein 188. Type of hernia that traverses both deep and superficial rings Indirect inguinal 189. Most common site of Morgagni hernia is Right antero medial 190. Fluid in processus vaginalis Hydrocele 191. Communication between greater and lesser sacs Epiploic foramen 192. Superior border of epiploic foramen Caudate lobe of liver 193. Inferior border of epiploic foramen Part one of duodenum 194. Posterior border of epiploic foramen IVC 195. Ligament that contains portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct Hepatoduodenal (lesser omentum) 196. Structure that limits spread of ascitic fluid in left paracolic Phrenicocolic ligament gutter 197. Structuer that limits spread of ascitic fluid within infracolic Root of mesentary compartment 198. Superior extent of right paracolic gutter Hepatorenal recess 199. Most inferior portion of peritoneal cavity Rectouterine pouch 200. Structures supplied by celiac artery 1. Stomach 2. Duodenum 3. Liver 4. Spleen 5. Gallbladder 6. Pancreas 201. Branches of celiac artery Left gastric, common hepatic and splenic artery 202. Blood supply to stomach Right and left gastroepiploics, right, left and short gastric 203. Major structures of bed of stomach 1. Pancreas 2. Spleen 3. Left kidney 4. Suprarenal gland 5. Diaphragm 204. Ducts that join to form common bile duct Cystic and common Hepatic 205. Structure that separates right and left Falciform ligament 206. Origin of cystic artery Right hepatic artery 207. Ribs directly related to spleen Ribs 9-11

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QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

208. Organs related to spleen Stomach, colon, left kidney, tail of pancreas 209. Artery to small intestine Superior Mesenteric A. (SMA) 210. Organs supplied by both celiac and SMA Duodenum, pancreas 211. Organs supplied by both SMA and IMA (Inf. Mesenteric A.) Transverse colon 212. Vessel located posterior to head of pancreas Inferior vana cava (IVC) 213. Vessel located posterior to neck of pancreas Portal vein 214. Veins that unite to form portal vein Splenic and Superior Mesenteric v. 215. Clinically importatnt organs for portacaval anastomoses Esophagus, rectum, liver 216. Two structures that lies posterior to SMA near its origin Left renal vein, duodenum 217. Three distinguishing features of the large intestine 1. Tenia coli 2. Haustra 3. Epiploic appendages 218. Termination of left gonadal vein Left renal vein 219. Termination of right gonadal vein Inferior vena cava 220. Location of initial pain of appendicitis Umbilical region 221. Motor innervation of diaphragm Phrenic 222. Sensory innervation of diaphragm Phrenic + intercostal 223. Spinal levels of phrenic nerve C3-5 224. Vertebral level that inferior vena cava traverses diaphragm T8 225. Vertebral level that esophagus traverses diaphragm T10 226. Structures that traverse diaphragm with esophagus Vagal trunks 227. Vertebral level that aorta traverses diaphragm T12 228. Structure that traverses diaphragm with aorta Thoracic duct 229. Structure that traverses diaphragm through crura Greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves 230. Structure that separates pelvis and perineum Pelvic diaphragm 231. Two major components of pelvic diaphragm Levator ani + coccygeus 232. Two major components of levator ani Pubococcygeus and Iliococcygeus 233. Two muscles which close lateral pelvic wall Obturator internus and Piriformis 234. Means by which obturator internus exits pelvis Lesser sciatic foramen 235. Means by which piriformis exits pelvis Greater sciatic foramen 236. Innervation of detrusor Pelvic splanchnics (S2-4) 237. Remnants of umbilical arteries Medial umbilical ligaments 238. Chief artery to rectal mucosa Superior rectal 239. Most common type of pelvic inlet in females Gynecoid

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QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

240. Two remnants of gubernaculum in females Ovarian and round Ligament 241. Ligament that contains ovarian vessels Suspensory ligament of Ovary 242. Lymph nodes for ovary and testes Lumbar 243. Normal position of uterus Anterverted, anteflexed 244. Chief uterine support Pubococcygeus 245. Ligament that contains uterine vessels Lateral cervical 246. Structure potentially injured with hysterectomy Ureter 247. Relation of ureter to uterine artery Inferior and posterior uterine a. 248. Structure that separates deep and superficial perineal spaces Perineal membrane 249. Bony landmarks between anal and UG triangles Ischial tuberosities 250. Lateral wall of ischioanal fossa Fascia of Obturator Internus 251. Structure that forms the pudendal canal Fascia of Obturator Internus 252. Structure that separates internal and external hemorrhoids Pectinate line 253. Lymph nodes for area superior to pectinate line of anal canal Internal iliac, IM 254. Lymph nodes for area inferior to pectinate line of anal canal Superficial inguinal 255. Major structure of deep perineal space Sphincter urethrae 256. Lymph nodes for glans penis Deep inguinal 257. Muscle which compresses the bulb of penis Bulbospongiosus 258. Muscle which compresses the crus of penis Ischiocavernosus 259. Muscles which meet at the perineal body Superficial and deep perineal, Bulbospongiosus, External anal sphincter, Pubococcygeus 260. Vertebral level of hyoid bone Cervical Vertebra 3 261. Vertebral level of thyroid cartilage Cervical Vertebra 4,5 262. Vertebral level of cricoid cartilage C Cervical Vertebra 6 263. Muscles that are innervated by CN XI Trapezius, SCM 264. Structures that course between anterior and middle scalene Brachial plexus, subclavian artery 265. Innervation of omohyoid, sternohyoid and sternothyroid Ansa cervicalis 266. Innervation of Anterior belly digastric Anterior belly = CN V 267. Innervation of Posterior belly digastric Posterior belly = CN VII 268. Innervation of carotid sinus and carotid body CN IX, CN X 269. Major structures to pass through pharyngeal wall superior to Auditory tube, levator veli Palatini superior constrictor 270. Nerves of pharyngeal plexus CN IX, CN X, Sympathetics 271. Only muscle innervated by CN IX Stylopharyngeus

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QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

272. Structures that pierce thyrohyoid membrane Internal laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal artery 273. Only muscle to abduct vocal cords Posterior cricoarytenoid 274. Innervation of cricothyroid External laryngeal nerve 275. Innervation of laryngeal muscles exclusive of cricothyroid Recurrent laryngeal 276. Muscle that increases tension on vocal cords Cricothyroid 277. Sensory nerve to larynx superior to vocal cords Internal laryngeal 278. Sensory nerve to larynx inferior to vocal cords Recurrent laryngeal 279. Site of aspirated lodged fishbone Piriform recess 280. Afferent – efferent limbs of gag reflex CN IX – CN X 281. Afferent – efferent limbs of cough reflex CN X – CN X 282. Nerve injury that causes hoarseness following thyroid surgery Recurrent laryngeal 283. Chief structures that traverse internal acoustic meatus CN VII and VIII 284. Foramen where CN VII exits skull Stylomastoid foramen 285. Major arterial supply to calvaria and supratentorial dura Middle meningeal 286. Major cutaneous nerve of face CN V 287. Major artery to internal structures of head Maxillary 288. Spinal levels of sympathetic fibers to head T1 – 2 289. Autonomic ganglia for CN III Ciliary 290. Sensory ganglia for CN VII Geniculate 291. Autonomic ganglia for CN VII PPG and submandibular 292. Autonomic ganglia for CN IX Otic ganglion 293. Muscle attached to disc of TMJ Lateral pterygoid 294. Muscle that retracts mandible Temporalis 295. Major nerve to TMJ (pain) Auriculotemporal 296. Specific nerves that elicit secretion from the parotid gland Tympanic branch of CN IX and lesser petrosal 297. Branch of CN V that carries parasympathetics to parotid Auriculotemporal 298. Structure that opens into superior meatus of nasal cavity Posterior ethmoid sinus 299. Structures that open into middle meatus of nasal cavity Frontal, maxillary, anterior and middle ethmoid 300. Structures that opens into inferior meatus of nasal cavity Nasolacrimal duct 301. Major artery to nasal cavity Sphenopalatine 302. Most common site of nose bleed Kiesselbach's plexus 303. Innervation of levator veli palatini CN X 304. Muscle that opens auditory tube Tensor veli palatini

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QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

305. Innervation of tensor veli palatini CN V3 306. Nerve that provides taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue Chorda tympani 307. Site of cell bodies for nerve that carries taste to anterior 2/3 of Geniculate ganglion tongue 308. Specific nerve that elicits secretion from submandibular gland Chorda tympani 309. Branch of CN V that carries parasympathetic to Lingual submandibular 310. Nerve injured when tonsilar pillars sag and uvula deviates CN X 311. Nerve potentially injured with tonsillectomy CN IX 312. Muscle that protrudes tongue Genioglossus 313. Nerve injured when deviation of protruded tongue Ipsilateral CN XII 314. Specific nerve that stimulates tear production Greater petrosal CN VII 315. Sensory nerve to cornea CN V1 (nasociliary) 316. Muscle that elevates and abducts eye Inferior oblique 317. Muscle that depresses and abducts eye Superior oblique 318. Site of preganglionic nerve cells that elicits dilation of pupil Lateral horn, T1 – 2 319. Site of postganglionic nerve cells that elicits dilation of pupil Superior cervical ganglion 320. Site of preganglionic nerve cells that elicits constriction of pupil Edinger-Westphal 321. Site of postganglionic nerve cells that elicits constriction of Ciliary ganglion pupil 322. Innervation of external surface of tympanic membrane Auriculotemporal, CN X 323. Innervation of internal surface of tympanic membrane CN IX 324. Level where ascending aorta is continuous with arch of aorta Thoracic Vertebra 4-5 325. Level where arch of aorta is continuous with descending aorta Thoracic Vertebra 4-5 326. Effect of sympathetic nerves on lungs Bronchodilation, Vasoconstriction 327. Effect of parasympathetic nerves on lungs Bronchoconstriction, Vasodilation 328. Rationale for aspirated small objects to go to right primary Wider diameter, shorter and more bronchus vertical 329. Needle location for therapeutic pleural tapping Superior to 12th rib, posteriorly 330. Name given to portion of right ventricle prior to beginning of conus arteriosum or infundibulum pulmonary trunk 331. Name given to orientation where uterus and vagina intersect at Anteversion angle of 90 degrees 332. Name given to orientation where uterine body and cervix Anteflexion intersect at angle of 10-15 degrees 333. Ridge located between sinus venarum and right ventricle Cristae terminalis 334. Nerve at risk when performing thyroidectomy Both left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves 335. Specific muscle that holds patella in place Vastus medialis 336. First portion of quadriceps femoris to atrophy with injury to Vastus medialis femoral nerve

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QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

337. Last portion of quadriceps femoris to recover following injury Vastus medialis 338. Innervation to nail bed of middle finger Median nerve 339. Innervation to nail bed of ring finger Ulnar and median 340. Spinal nerve affected with herniated disc at L3/L4 L4 341. Hernia with defect of posterolateral aspect of diaphragm, Bochdalek hernia usually on the left side. 342. Hernia is commonly seen on the right anteromedial aspect of Morgagni’s hernia diaphragm. 343. The most common congenital diaphragmatic hernia is Bochdalek hernia.

EXTREMELY IMPORTANT MCQS POINTS FOR ANATOMY 1. Vertebrae is derived from Sclerotome 2. Maxillary sinus opens into Middle meatus 3. Inferior meatus open in Nasolacrimal duct 4. Middle meatus open in Frontal sinus, (which opens via fronto nasal duct), Maxillary sinus, Anterior ethmoidal sinus 5. Superior meatus open in Posterior ethmoidal sinus 6. Sphenoethmoidal recess open in Sphenoid sinus 7. Most common site for epistaxis in children and young adult Little’s Area 8. Location of Little’s Area Anteroinferior part of the nasal septum 9. Ejaculatory duct opens into Prostatic urethra 10. Nerve supply to extensors of arm is supplied by Posterior cord 11. Damage to scaphoid bone causes injury to Radial Artery 12. Nerve injured in Ant dislocation of Shoulder joint is Axillary nerve 13. Common site of fracture at rib is Angle 14. Patients comes with Rt. deviation of tongue, decrease sense of Anterior Spinal artery touch and 15. vibrations, the artery commonly involved in brain is 16. Olfactory area is present in temporal gyrus 17. Gall bladder is supplied by Only Cystic Artery 18. Wasting of thenar eminence, loss of sensation over thumb and Median nerve index 19. finger, nerve involved is 20. Femoral sheath is formed by Fasica transversalis and Fasica iliaca 21. External spermatic fascia is formed by: External oblique Page | 17

QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

22. The muscle involved in unlocking of knee joint is Poplitus 23. Ligament that prevents anterior dislocation of femur on tibia Posterior cruciate 24. Thyroid gland moves with swallowing because it is enclosed Pre-tracheal fasica in

25. Neurovascular bundle in chest wall lies between Internal and Innermost Layers 26. Fibrous pericardium and mediastinal pleura is supplied by Phrenic Nerve 27. Lymph drainage of perianal skin is from medial group of horizontal superficial nodes 28. Regarding Lesser omentum connects with deudenum 29. supply of sphincter urethra comes from Pudendal nerves 30. Thymus develops from endoderm of 3rd brachial pouch 31. Nucleus pulposus is derivative from notochord 32. Superior parathyroid gland develops from 4th brachial pouch 33. In cervical carcinoma, what is the lymph drainage both internal & external iliac 34. Cervical rib attached to transverse process will compress T1 35. Esophagectomy done , stomach is mobilized to upper portion Right gastroepiploic artery of thorax, To 36. anastomosis with pharynx Which artery is responsible for stomach supply 37. Diseased ovary pain radiating to medial thigh of body due to Obturator Nerve nearby 38. presence of 39. Aphasia (Non-fluent) after stroke or Trauma which area of Broca’s area Brain is involved 40. Dorsal Column Medial Leminsical carries Proprioception 41. Contralateral loss of pain and temp at T9 and ipsilateral loss Lesion of spinothalamic of tract at T8 42. proprioception below T8, bilateral normal reflexes

43. Urethra is narrowest at External meatus 44. Deep ring present in Fascia transversalis 45. Eversion is done by Peroneus longus 46. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Wasting of thenar muscles 47. 2nd arch derivative Stylohyoid

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QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

48. Muscle of quiet inspiration diaphragm 49. Dorsal scapular nerve supplies which of the following muscle levator scapulae 50. Which of the following is a pivot joint atlanto axial joint 51. Motor supply of pharynx is by nucleus ambiguous 52. Structure passing through pelvic inlet is ureter 53. Ileococcygeal ligament located at level of L2 54. Inferior orbital branch is a terminal branch of Maxillary artery 55. transpyloric plane is located at lower border of L1 56. Nerve supply of urogenital triangle Ilioinguinal nerve 57. Head of humerus is supplied by Anterior circumflex 58. Flexion of knee and extension of hip is the action of semitendinosus 59. Structure accompanying superior temporal artery auriculotemporal nerve 60. Relation of terminal CBD with head of pancreas is embedded in head of pancrease 61. Cingulate gyrus blood supply Anterior cerebral Artery 62. Dorsal Vein of penis drains into Greater Saphenous Vein 63. Nerve loss in urogenital triangle which nerve involved Pudendal Nerve 64. Neck of femur supplied by Medial and lateral circumflex arteries 65. Pain from lower inferior segment of Diaphragm Subcostal Nerves 66. Nerve supplies central tendon of diaphragm Phrenic 67. Peptic ulcer profusely bleeding from posterior wall of Gastroduodenal Artery duodenum which artery involved 68. Axillary and pectoral group of lymph nodes drains quadrant upper and lateral quadrant 69. Lateral thenar muscles spared but other short muscles of Ulnar hand paralysed injury to 70. Gastric ulcer pain Greater splanchnic 71. Appendicitis pain radiates to umbilicus through T10 72. Axillary artery relations Post to pectoral minor 73. Infection ant. To pretracheal fascia spread to Ant. Mediastinum 74. Thyroid lymph Drainage deep cervical lymph nodes 75. Temporal artery is related to Auriculotemporal nerve 76. Extension of Hip and Flexion of Leg is by Semitendinosus 77. Long Thoracic Nerve Supply Serratus Anterior 78. Suboccipital nerve supply which muscle rectus capitis posterior 79. Middle rectal artery branch of internal iliac 80. Most perineum and pelvis nerve supplied by Pudendal nerve

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QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

81. H/o fall bladder incontinence unable to void urine. Spinal S2, S3 & S4 segment involved 82. Neck of fibula fracture, loss of Dorsiflexion and eversion Common peroneal nerve 83. Excessive eversion lig. Ruptured Deltoid 84. Lower motor neuron lesion muscle wasting 85. Which of the following Maintain flexor tone of arm mainly rubrospinal 86. Right optic tract lesion causes Left homonymous hemianopia 87. Internal laryngeal nerve passes through Thyroid and hyoid 88. Adductor muscle hamstring muscle supplied by which nerve tibial 89. Gracillis is supplied by the nerve obturator nerve 90. Adductor brevis supplied by ant branch of obturator nerve 91. Fracture of surgical neck of humerus, artery damaged post. Circumflex humeral 92. Parts of Common bile duct Omental, retroduodenal & paraduodenal 93. Gastroduodenal artery branch of right hepatic artery 94. Which one drain into left brachiocephalic vein inferior thyroid 95. Closure of lips involve: or unable to close lips which muscle Orbicularis oris involved 96. Superior Thyroid artery arise from External Carotid Artery 97. Which ligament supports odontoid process of axis on atlas Transverse ligament 98. C7 Vertebrae has Longest spine 99. Regarding Renal Column contains Interlobar artery 100. Pain of ovarian tumor is referred to thigh by Obturator nerve 101. Deep inguinal ring is present in Transversalis fascia 102. Trauma to upper limb and patient can’t feel sensation in little Ulnar Nerve finger and paralysis of dorsal interossei which nerve is damaged 103. Supply of midgut form sympathetic T5 – T12 104. Regarding middle meningeal artery most appropriate, enters foramen spinosum middle cranial fossa through 105. Medial boundary of ischiorectal fossa is formed by External anal sphincter 106. Abdominal aorta gives renal arteries at the level L2 107. Gluteus medius and minimus Abduct and medially rotate 108. Abdominal angina. Artery involved SMA 109. Pulmonary arteries supply Alveoli 110. Regarding anal canal supplied by both sup n inf. rectal arteries 111. Regarding Inguinal canal Roof Formed by conjoined tendon

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QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

112. Sacral plexus anterior division branch obturator nerve 113. Detrusor nerve supply Parasympathetic pelvic nerves 114. Posterior communicating artery passes above the oculomotor ICA and PCA & connects 115. 1st branch of abdominal aorta inferior phrenic artery 116. Dilatation of aortic arch will compress left bronchus 117. Post ganglionic sympathetic fibers are present in all spinal nerves 118. Landmark for pudendal nerve block ischial spine 119. Ureteric bud is formed as a part of Mesonephric duct 120. Coccygeal ligament start at L1 121. Esophagus narrowest at Cricopharyngeus 122. A Child got blow at elbow and elbow joint displaced. And loss Ulnar collateral ligament of sensation over little finger. Structure involved 123. Ganglion found at T7 vertebra Thoracocervical 124. Fracture hamate bone result injury to Ulnar nerve 125. Renal vein lies posterior to Superior mesenteric vein 126. Lumber triangle anteriorly bound by posterior border of Serratus anterior 127. Loss of sensation in lower teeth, chin and lower lip, which Inferior Alveolar nerve nerve damage 128. Retromandibular vein is formed by junction of Maxillary Superficial temporal vein vein and 129. 1st lumbrical attaches to radial side of index finger 130. Muscle damage in difficult delivery levator ani Muscle 131. Deep part of parotid fascia forms Stylomandibular ligament 132. Ligament that prevents ant dislocation of femur on tibia Post cruciate 133. Scrotum drains to Superficial Inguinal Nodes 134. Regarding Thoracic duct, drains into At Confluence of left Subclavian and left Jugular 135. Regarding Posterior Triangle of Neck what is true Contains subclavian, three trunks of brachial plexus 136. Nerve loss in urogenital triangle which nerve involved Pudendal Nerve 137. Regarding Quadrate lobe Drains by left hepatic duct 138. If circumflex branch of left coronary artery is blocked which Posterior surface of left ventricle area will be effected 139. Posterior relation of left kidney is diaphragm 140. Lymph drainage of Testes Paraaortic LN 141. Nerve supply of Lattisimus dorsi Thoracodrosal Nerve Page | 21

QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

142. Nerve supply of Rhomboids Dorsal scapular nerve 143. Nerve supply of Sartorius Femoral Nerve 144. Costocervical trunk 2nd part of subclavian artery 145. Deep to post digastric and near Palatoglossus a structure Lingual artery runs obliquely upwards 146. Loss of abduction and adduction of fingers and adduction of Deep branch of ulnar thumb with intact skin sensations involves 147. Middle 1/3rd of oesophagus supplied by Descending thoracic aorta 148. Fracture of surgical neck of Humerus damage to Axillary Nerve 149. Inversion of foot by which muscle Tibialis Posterior 150. Lateral foot dermatome S1 151. Closure of lips involve: or unable to close lips which muscle Orbicularis oris involved 152. Superior Thyroid artery arise from External Carotid Artery 153. Sensory supply of uterus passes through which ligament Broad ligament 154. Main support of the uterus is Transverse ligament 155. Ligament which supports odontoid process of axis on atlas Transverse ligament 156. Common support for uterus transverse cervical ligament 157. 1st bone to ossify clavicle 158. Most common fractured bone clavicle 159. Sciatic nerve damaged, and dorsal surface of foot still has saphenous nerve sensation, nerve supply is 160. Median nerve damaged which action of median nerve will be opposition impaired 161. Ventral surface of the foot is supplied by which nerve Medial planter nerve 162. Superficial epigastric artery is a branch of Femoral artery 163. Artery involved in portal hypertension esophageal artery 164. Surgical neck of humerus which artery damaged posterior circumflex 165. Which muscle is flexor of forearm and supplied by radial brachioradialis 166. Circumflex branch is damaged which area will be affected left ventricle and left atrium 167. Artery involved in inferior wall MI Right Marginal artery 168. Abduction up to 40 degree is lost supraspinatus 169. .Inversion of foot by which muscle Tibialis Posterior 170. Lateral foot dermatome S1 171. Veins of thorax drains into azygous drains into superior vena cava 172. Most appropriate about Clavipectoral Fascia Covers Pectoralis Minor

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QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

173. Nerve supply of extensor digiti minimi deep radial nerve 174. Adductor muscle hamstring muscle supplied by which nerve tibial 175. Loss of small muscle of one hand damaged C8 & T1 176. Gracillis nerve supplied by obturator nerve 177. Adductor brevis supplied by ant branch of obturator nerve 178. Hip extension and leg flexion by semitendonosus 179. Long thoracic nerve supply to serratus anterior 180. Draining to Sup Mesenteric nodes Jejunum 181. Girl cannot comb her hairs Nerve damage accessory nerve 182. Abdominal angina cause by obstruction to Sup mesenteric 183. middle colic is the branch of Superior mesenteric artery 184. Structure arches over left lung root aorta 185. Structure arches over right lung root azygous vein 186. Structure anterior to the root of both lungs phrenic nerve 187. Structure posterior to the roots of both lungs vagus nerve 188. blood supply of foregut is primarily derived from celiac trunk 189. Isthmus of thyroid gland is present in front of 2nd,3rd, 4th tracheal Rings 190. Fracture of surgical neck of humerus, artery damaged Post. Circumflex humeral 191. Parts of Common bile duct Omental, retroduodenal & paraduodenal 192. Gastroduodenal artery branch of right hepatic artery 193. Which one drain into left brachiocephalic vein inferior thyroid 194. Closure of lips involve: or unable to close lips which muscle Orbicularis oris involved 195. Superior Thyroid artery arise from External Carotid Artery 196. C7 Vertebrae has Longest spine 197. Regarding Renal Column contains Interlobar artery 198. Pain of ovarian tumor is referred to thigh by Obturator nerve 199. Deep inguinal ring is present in Transversalis fascia 200. Trauma to upper limb and patient can’t feel sensation in little Ulnar Nerve finger and paralysis of dorsal interossei which nerve is damaged 201. Supply of midgut form sympathetic T5 – T12 202. Medial boundary of ischiorectal foss is formed by External anal sphincter 203. Abdominal aorta gives renal arteries at the level L2 204. Gluteus medius and minimus Abduct and medially rotate 205. Pulmonary arteries supply Alveoli

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QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

206. Regarding anal canal supplied by both sup & inf. rectal arteries 207. Sacral plexus anterior division branch obturator nerve 208. Detrusor nerve supply Parasympathetic pelvic nerves 209. Posterior communicating artery passes above the oculomotor ICA and PCA and connects 210. 1st branch of abdominal aorta inferior phrenic artery 211. Dilatation of aortic arch will compress left bronchus 212. Landmark for pudendal nerve block ischial spine 213. Ureteric bud is formed as a part of Mesonephric duct 214. Coccygeal ligament start at L1 215. Esophagus narrowest at Cricopharyngeus 216. A Child got blow at elbow and elbow joint displaced. And loss Ulnar collateral ligament of sensation over little finger. Structure involved 217. Ganglion found at T7 vertebra Thoracocervical 218. Fracture hamate bone result injury to Ulnar nerve 219. Renal vein lies posterior to Superior mesenteric vein 220. Lumber triangle anteriorly bound by posterior border of Serratus anterior 221. Loss of sensation in lower teeth, chin and lower lip, which Inferior Alveolar nerve nerve damage 222. Retromandibular vein is formed by junction of Maxillary Superficial temporal vein vein and 223. 1st lumbrical attaches to radial side of index finger 224. Muscle damage in difficult delivery levator ani Muscle 225. Deep part of parotid fascia forms Stylomandibular ligament 226. Ligament that prevents ant dislocation of femure on tibia Post cruciate 227. Scrotum drains to Superficial Inguinal Nodes 228. Regarding Thoracic duct, drains into At Confluence of left Subclavian and left Jugular 229. Regarding Posterior Triangle of Neck what is true Contains subclavian, three trunks of brachial plexus 230. Nerve loss in urogenital triangle which nerve involved Pudendal Nerve 231. Regarding Quadrate lobe Drains by left hepatic duct 232. If circumflex branch of left coronary artery is blocked which Posterior surface of left ventricle area will be effected 233. Posterior relation of left kidney is diaphragm 234. Lymph drainage of Testes Paraaortic LN 235. Nerve supply of Lattisimus dorsi Thoracodorsal Nerve Page | 24

QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

236. Nerve supply of Rhomboids Dorsal scapular nerve 237. Nerve supply of Sartorius Femoral Nerve 238. Costocervical trunk 2nd part of subclavian artery 239. Deep to post digastric and near Palatoglossus a structure Lingual artery runs obliquely upwards 240. Loss of abduction and adduction of fingers and adduction of Deep branch of ulnar thumb with intact skin sensations involves 241. Middle 1/3rd of oesophagus supplied by Descending thoracic aorta 242. Fracture of surgical neck of Humerus damage to Axillary Nerve 243. Inversion of foot by which muscle Tibialis Posterior 244. Sensory supply of uterus passes through which ligament Broad ligament 245. Sciatic nerve damaged, and dorsal surface of foot still has saphenous nerve sensation, nerve supply is 246. Median nerve damaged which action of median nerve will be opposition impaired 247. Ventral surface of the foot is supplied by which nerve Medial planter nerve 248. Superficial epigastric artery is a branch of Femoral artery 249. Artery involved in portal hypertension esophageal artery 250. Surgical neck of humerus which artery damaged posterior circumflex 251. Which muscle is flexor of forearm and supplied by radial brachioradialis 252. Abduction up to 40 degree is lost supraspinatus 253. Inversion of foot by which muscle Tibialis Posterior

MUSKULOSKELETAL SYSTEM HIGH YEILD POINTS (FIRST AID + DIMS) 1. Primary ossification center is …..… and there is only 1 shaft Diaphysis of the bone 2. Secondary ossification centers are ……… and there are 2 Epiphyses ends of the bone 3. The frontal suture usually disappears by age 6 years. 4. Premature closure of the sutures may lead to abnormal Craniosynostoses shapes of the skull: 5. The anulus fibrosis is made of Type- III cartilage 6. The hyaline cartilage in primary cartilaginous joints is made Type II cartilage up predominantly of 7. notochord is the embryological origin of the Nucleus pulposus

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QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

8. most severe type of “spina bifida cystica” in which there is an Spina bifida with rachischisis open neural tube 9. The “triple screen” is a blood test that measures AFP, B- Weeks 16–18 HCG and unconjugated estriol, done in pregnancy to estimate the risk of a fetus at 10. An extra rib can develop from the costal processes of a Accessory ribs cervical or lumbar vertebral body 11. curving of the fingers Clinodactyly 12. The development of extra fingers Polydactyly 13. simple webbing of the digits and digits fuse together Syndactyly 14. Hypoplasia of the fingers or toes Brachydactyly 15. The area of skull where four of the bones of the pterion neurocranium meet: frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid known as 16. Weak point where the middle meningeal artery is easily pterion ruptured in the event of trauma to the side of the head, causing an epidural hematoma. 17. Cells that builds bone by secreting collagen and catalyzing Osteoblast mineralization in alkaline environment via ALP 18. Cells which dissolves (“crushes”) bone by secreting H+ and Osteoclast collagenases. 19. X-rays show osteopenia and “Looser zones” Osteomalacia (Pseudofractures) in 20. X-rays show epiphyseal widening and metaphyseal rickets cupping/fraying in 21. Pathologic bow legs bead-like rachitic rosary (costochondral rickets junctions) craniotabes (soft skull) in children seen in 22. Autoantibodies against hemodesmosome caused which Bullous pemphigoid disease? 23. Repetitive flexion (forehand shots) or idiopathic  pain near Medial Epicondylitis medial epicondyle. (golfer’s elbow) 24. Repetitive extension (backhand shots) or idiopathic  pain Lateral Epicondylitis near lateral epicondyle. (tennis elbow) 25. Fracture caused by direct blow with a closed fist (eg, from Metacarpal neck punching a wall or individual). fracture (boxer’s fracture)

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QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

26. Metacarpal neck fracture (boxer’s fracture) Most commonly 4th and 5th metacarpals. seen in 27. Colles’ fracture involves the distal radius, deformity known dinner fork deformity as 28. Incomplete fracture extending partway through width of Greenstick fracture bone following bending stress; 29. Popliteal fluid collection in gastrocnemius-semimembranosus Baker cyst bursa 30. most common high ankle sprain Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament 31. Site for Pudendal nerve block is Ischial spine 32. Medial collateral ligament , anterior collateral ligament and Unhappy triad of knee lateral meniscus are known as 33. Supraspinatous, infraspinatous, Teres minor, subscapularis Rotator cuff muscles are 34. Fall on outstretched hand may cause Scaphoid fracture 35. Bone growth is influenced maximum by: Growth hormone 36. Wrist drop is caused by injury to Radial nerve 37. Root value injury to C5-C6 will result/cause Erb Duchene palsy 38. Popes blessing sign is seen in? ulnar 39. Winging of scapula is caused by due to damage Long thoracic nerve 40. Nerve injured in fracture of neck of fibula Common peroneal nerve 41. Cells which first made Cartilaginous model of bone is Chondrocytes 42. Person can't jump climb stairs or can't rise from seated Inf. gluteal nerve (L5-S2) position due to injury of 43. Most common cause of kyphosis in a male in our country is Tuberculosis 44. Most common cause of kyphosis in a female in our country is osteoporosis 45. Advanced paternal age related disease Achondroplasia 46. Erlenmeyer flask bone on X ray? Osteopetrosis 47. Normal Ca++ , phosphorus and PTH and increase ALP is Paget's disease seen in 48. Fibrosis is commonest in: Sternocleidomastoid 49. The most common cause of osteomyelitis are Staphylococci 50. Vertebral crush fractures usually seen in Osteoporosis 51. Volkmann’s ischemia most commonly involves: Flexor digitorum profunds 52. MC malignant bone tumor: Metastases > multiple myeloma > osteosarcoma 53. Commonest benign bone tumour is: Osteochondroma

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QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

54. Salmonella osteomyelitis is common in Sickle cell disease 55. “Soap bubble” appearance on x-ray? Giant cell tumor 56. Sun-ray appearance is on x-ray is seen in osteosarcoma 57. Onion skin appearance in bone Ewing sarcoma 58. Ivory Osteoma is also called as: Compact or Eburnaed Osteoma 59. Most common tendon used as tendon graft is: Palmaris Longus 60. Which nerve is closely related shoulder joint capsule: Axillary nerve 61. Medial epicondyle fracture results in injury to Ulnar nerve 62. Card test detect the function of : Ulnar nerve 63. The adductor pollicis is the only thenar muscle innervated by ulnar nerve the 64. Allen’s test is for the patency of: Radial and ulnar artery 65. Thomas Test is for: Hip deformity 66. Cozen test is for Tennis elbow 67. most common primary for bone metastases Breast >Prostate 68. Terry Thomas is sign seen in: Scapholunate dissociation 69. Rheumatoid Arthritis most common Part of Spine affected: Upper cervical spine 70. Anatomical Snuff Box tenderness indicates fracture of: Scaphoid fracture 71. Purely epiphyseal lesion before skeletal maturity is: Chondroblastoma 72. Medial Arch most important muscle is: Tibialis posterior tendon 73. Gun stock deformity is seen in? Supracodylar fracture humerus 74. Froment’s sign is diagnostic of the following nerve injury: Ulnar 75. Claw hand is seen in: Uler nerve injury 76. Finger which is most often involve in Dupuytren’s ring finger>little finger contracture is 77. Most common joint involved in Dupuytren’s contracture is MCP>PIP>DIP 78. Most common medial meniscal tear is: Longitudinal tear 79. Bouchard nodes involve which phalanges? PIP 80. Heberden’s nodes are found in: DIP joints in osteoarthritis 81. Osteoarthritis commonly affects DIP 82. Distal interphalangeal joint involvement is seen in: Osteoarthritis 83. Arthritis multilans is seen in: Psoriatic arthropathy 84. Most common site of osteoma in paransal sinuses: Frontal 85. Renal osteodystrophy skeletal abnormality is because of Hyperphosphatemia 86. Most common site of osteosarcoma is: Lower end of femur

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QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

87. Child comes with pronated forearm and X-ray is normal, Pulled elbow diagnosis: 88. Klumpke’s paralysis involves : C8 – T1 89. Erbs palsy involves C5-C6 90. Most common type of elbow dislocation is Posterior 91. Fracture shaft humerus nerve involved Radial nerve 92. Ewing’s sarcoma is believed to arise from: Endothelial cells in the bone marrow 93. commonest donor site for autologous bone graft is: Iliac crest 94. De Quervain’s disease classically affects the: Extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus 95. HSR in Rheumatoid arthritis is type III HSR 96. Sjogren syndrome associated with which type of lymphoma? B Cell lymphoma 97. Mono sodium urate crystals Gout 98. Chromosomal translocation in Ewing sarcoma? 11;22 99. Triad of Conjunctivitis , urethritis & arthritis is seen in Reiter syndrome 100. SLE + endocarditis is Libman-sac endocarditis 101. Non caseating granuloma with elevated serum ACE levels? Sarcoidosis 102. Pencil in cup deformity on x-ray is seen in psoriatic arthritis 103. Antibodies for Drug induced lupus Anti-histone antibodies 104. Schaumman and asteroid bodies? Sarcoidosis 105. Polymyalgica rheumatica associated with Giant cell arteritis 106. Fibromyalgia seen in women of Age ranges is 30-50 107. Mechanic hands seen in? Dermatomyositis 108. Antibodies seen in poly myositis Anti jo antibodies 109. Most common neuromuscular junction disorder Myasthenia gravis 110. Calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon , esophageal dysmotility, Crest syndrome sclerodactyly, telangiectasia is the features of 111. Neuro-Muscular Junction (NMJ) disorder associated with Lambart eaton syndrome small lung cancer 112. Auspitz sign seen in? Psoriasis 113. HSR Of Allergic contact dermatitis Type IV HSR 114. Mask of pregnancy? Melasma 115. Honey colored crusting due to S.Aureus seen in Impetigo 116. In scalded skin syndrome exotoxins destroys which stratum Stratum granulosum 117. In pemphigous vulgaris IgG formed against? Desmosomes 118. In Acanthosis nigricans there is hyperplasia of stratum spongiosum 119. Lichen planus associated with which hepatitis Hepatitis c

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QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

120. Keratin pearls is seen in? Squamous cell carcinoma 121. What is precursor of melanoma?? Dysplastic navus 122. Drug which inhibits Xanthine oxidase Feboxistate 123. Platelet aggregation and promote vasodilation is the function PGI2 of 124. Classic triad of Xerophthalmia, xerostomia and arthritis is Sjogren syndrome seen in 125. Gland which is responsible for sweat Eccrine gland 126. Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with HLA-D4 127. Pseudo gout crystal is Calcium pyro phosphate 128. Treatment of sarcoidosis? Steroids 129. Treatment of temporal arthritis/giant cell arthritis is High dose Steroids 130. Precursor of squamous cell carcinoma Actinic keratosis 131. C7 root is usually compressed by? Cervical disc lesion 132. Nerve which passes in Guyon canal? Ulnar nerve 133. How many tendons passed in carpel tunnel? 9 tendons 134. Saturday night palsy is caused by which nerve injury? Radial nerve 135. Sign in axillary nerve injury? Flattened deltoid 136. Bone which is known as funny bone is Humerus 137. Klumpke's palsy is usually caused by? Cervical rib / pancoast tumor 138. Serratus anterior is supplied by which nerve and what is its Long thoracic nerve and C567 root value? 139. Sensory deficit in tibial nerve injury is seen in which part of Sole of foot lower limb? 140. Cause of injury of anterior hip dislocation? Obturator nerve 141. Mesenchymal stem cells in periosteum is the source of osteoblast 142. Vitamin-D deficiency in childhood causes? Rickets 143. MacCune-Albright syndrome is a form of which disease? Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia 144. Infarction of bone and marrow is called? Osteonecrosis 145. Hyperpigmentation associated with pregnancy Melasma (chloasma) 146. Benign capillary hemangioma of infancy Strawberry Hemangioma 147. Acanthosis nigricans Associated with insulin resistance 148. Most common skin cancer Basal cell carcinoma 149. Bisphosphonates drugs use in the treatment of Osteoporosis Alendronate & Resodronate & hypercalcemia is 150. Pinpoint bleeding spots from exposure of dermal papillae Psoriasis when scales are scraped off (Auspitz sign) seen in Page | 30

QUICK REVISION FOR N.L.E (PMDC/NEB) DR. ASIF ALI KHAN

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