Trade, World Markets Take Center Stage

WThe official publicationHEAT of the Washington Association of Wheat Growers LIFE MARCH 2017

TRADE, WORLD MARKETS

TAKE CENTER STAGE

Address Service Requested Service Address

109 East First Avenue, Ritzville, WA 99169 WA Ritzville, Avenue, First East 109 Washington Association of Wheat Growers Wheat of Association Washington WHEAT LIFE President’s Perspective Volume 60 • Number 03 Join, show up, participate www.wheatlife.org By Ben Adams The official publication of I’ve been spending much of the past two months travel- WASHINGTON ing from one coast to the other on Washington Association ASSOCIATION OF of Wheat Growers’ (WAWG) business. All that time spent WHEAT GROWERS in cars and on airplanes has given me an opportunity to 109 East First Avenue think about our industry, how to protect it and why it’s Ritzville, WA 99169-2394 (509) 659-0610 • (877) 740-2666 important to stay involved. More and more, I keep coming back to the same thought—the rewards of participation go WAWG MEMBERSHIP well beyond the professional. (509) 659-0610 • (877) 740-2666 I recently watched a short commentary from John Phipps from U.S. Farm $125 per year Report, and I think he says it better than I can. EDITOR Trista Crossley • [email protected] “Belonging and actively participating in farm organizations is worthwhile to help our in- (435) 260-8888 dustry, but the greatest value may be the personal connections you can make...It is clear to AD SALES MANAGER me that the most valuable resource I had (during the time he was actively farming) was the Kevin Gaffney • [email protected] informal peer group that arose simply by showing up at meetings and occasionally arguing (509) 235-2715 about policy and the future of our profession.” GRAPHIC DESIGN Phipps goes on to say that he believes it is a big mistake to think that social Devin Taylor • Trista Crossley media like Facebook or Twitter can replicate building these types of relationships AD BILLING with fellow farmers. Michelle Hennings • [email protected] “Going to meetings, sitting through tedious reports and struggling to find consensus (509) 659-0610 • (877) 740-2666 aren’t the penalties but the privileges of membership, and all the time you are getting the CIRCULATION work of the organization done, you are weaving your own safety net.” Address changes, extra copies, subscriptions WAWG has always had a core group of growers who are willing to donate their Chauna Carlson • [email protected] (509) 659-0610 • (877) 740-2666 time to attend meetings, write editorials or participate in lobbying activities in Subscriptions are $50 per year Olympia and Washington, D.C. But as the regulatory pressure on our industry WAWG EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR mounts, we need more—more members, more participation, more willingness to Michelle Hennings get involved, not just in WAWG, but in any community or agricultural organization. Being active and building relationships both within our industry and within WAWG EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE our communities builds support not only from the public perspective, but from PRESIDENT Ben Adams • Coulee City the personal one as well. In times of trouble, it seems like it’s those personal con- VICE PRESIDENT nections that we end up relying on most. Marci Green • Fairfield So, I’m urging everybody who reads this column to find ways to get more SECRETARY/TREASURER involved, not just in WAWG, although we’d like that very much, but in other Jeffrey Shawver • Connell organizations as well. Invite a couple of young farmers to your next county wheat PRESIDENT EMERITUS Kevin Klein • Edwall growers or conservation district meeting. Write an editorial for your local news- paper on what you are doing to be a good steward of the land. Join with a couple APPOINTED MEMBERS Andy Juris • Bickleton of your farming neighbors and invite a west-side legislator to visit to see how our Howard McDonald • Coulee City crops are grown sustainably. Ryan Poe • Hartline I believe the time you spend doing these things will return rewards to you Wheat Life (ISSN 0043-4701) is published by the beyond measure. Washington Association of Wheat Growers (WAWG): 109 E. First Avenue • Ritzville, WA 99169-2394 Before I wrap things up, I’d like to congratulate Randy Suess, a retired grower Eleven issues per year with a combined August/ from Whitman County, a long-time member of WAWG and a former Washington September issue. Standard (A) postage paid at Ritzville, Wash., and additional entry offices. Grain Commissioner. Randy was recently given the legacy award from the folks at Contents of this publication may not be re- the Spokane Ag Expo for his “significant and lasting contribution to agriculture in printed without permission. the Inland Northwest.” You can read more about that award on page 30. Advertising in Wheat Life does not indicate en- dorsement of an organization, product or political candidate by WAWG. All photos are Shutterstock images or taken by Wheat Life staff unless otherwise noted.

2 WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2017 Inside This Issue WAWG President’s Perspective 2 Demand Did Not Falter With Record High Prices Dialogue 4 4 Consecutive Record World Crops Membership Form 6 WAWG at Work D.C. trip focuses on trade, farm bill, research 8 Policy Matters 20 Washington Wheat Foundation 28 Contributions honored Whitman County grower receives legacy award 30 Around the world markets Workshop mixes marketing, economics 32 Rules of the road A brief look at the state’s regulations 36 Just the facts A one-stop-workshop for falling numbers 40 WGC Chairman’s Column 49 WGC Review 50 Passing judgement Quality comes under the microscope 54 On the front line Tests shed light on GE incidents 56 Wheat Watch 58 No-till pioneer John Aeschliman is still pushing boundaries 60 Combine gets new home Journey to ag museum took two years 66 The Bottom Line 68 Your Wheat Life 70 Happenings 72 Advertiser Index 74 Contributors Ben Adams, president, Washington Association of Wheat Growers Deven See, research geneticist, USDA-ARS Mike Miller, chairman, Washington Grain Commission Mike Krueger, president and founder, The Money Farm Scott A. Yates, communications director, Washington Grain Patrick Mazza , writer, Seattle, Wash. Commission

WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2017 3 DialogueDialogue

Keep Washington on top when it comes to trade By Nicole Berg The recent changes in the other Washington have made trade and exports a very hot topic among ranchers, farmers and growers this winter. With so much competition for our export commodities—especially wheat—we cannot afford to lose focus on the regulatory and infrastructure issues that have helped make Washington a global competitor. Recently, I had the opportunity to learn more about a group that is working to enhance our trade-based economy. Keep Washington Competitive (KWC) is a coalition of labor, business, agriculture and other trade organizations united to promote policies that support trade in Washington as well as protect trade from the negative impacts of over-bearing regulations. Now, normally, you don’t always see groups like the labor and the business communities in agreement with one another. It’s not uncommon for many of these groups to be on opposite sides of an issue. That’s what’s so compelling about KWC, they are steadfastly united around trade and what it means for our state and are bringing Share your comments with diverse groups together to offer support to policymakers who seek to improve the regula- us at [email protected] tory climate in the state. or mail them to 109 East A lot of what KWC does is educate people about what it means to be a global trade and ex- First Avenue, Ritzville, WA port leader. That means advocating for transportation—for ports and rail—as key to the in- 99169-2394. Please keep frastructure that is needed to move all kinds of commodities from your fields to ports far your submissions less than and wide. KWC members focus on policies, like how long it takes to permit a project, which 300 words. directly impacts private investment in things like rail lines or export facilities. I don’t need to remind you that Washington state is the most trade dependent state in the nation. You know the key stats: one in four jobs is tied to trade. We export almost 90 Are you receiving percent of our wheat each year, and we’re the fifth-biggest exporter of wheat in the nation. Trade matters, and it matters in every corner of our state. your ALERT? Those of us in the agriculture industry live this reality every day. But those outside of With their annual member- our world need reminders. That’s the value of KWC. They bring diverse groups together ship, Washington Association of to help policymakers, elected officials, the media and, really, the general public, make Wheat Growers members can re- the connection between the wheat you grow and the quality of life we all enjoy here in ceive industry updates through Washington. the weekly digital Greensheet That’s why groups like Keep Washington Competitive are so critical. They keep trade and ALERT via email. If you are not the policies that affect it on the front burner for policymakers in Olympia. By encourag- receiving this ALERT, there are ing investment in Washington’s trade industries, KWC works to make sure we are positioned two possible problems. Either to thrive in the increasingly competitive national and international marketplace. Trade and we don’t have your current email exports are a vital piece of our economy, an economy that must grow and thrive beyond address on file, or our ALERT is just the Puget Sound region. It’s something we all share in and need to do our best to going into your spam folder. support. Please check your email’s spam folder for the ALERT and unspam Check out Keep Washington Competitive online at keepwashingtoncompetitive.org and it. You can also call our office at consider joining the coalition to help others understand what you already know—trade (509) 659-0610 to make sure we matters for all of Washington state but perhaps to no industry more than us in the agricul- have your current email address. ture sector.

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Group Creative Director: Jeﬀ Tresidder Syngenta: Talinor Print Ad – Full Page Art Director/Designer: Jeﬀ Tresidder “Tough weeds’ defenses...” Copywriter: Dan Roettger Pub: Wheat Life Photo Source: Name Retoucher: Todd Carlson Color: 4/C Prepress: MW BL: 8.75" x 11.25" Art Producer: Heather McQueen TR: 8.375" x 10.875" Account Manager: Tim Holmes LV: 7.375" x 9.875" Account Manager: Emilee Wendorf Print Producer: Bill Schneck Martin Williams Job No: Project Manager: Julie Genung 1TLN6005_Weeds_AG91 Production Artist: Jennifer Beier LASER IS 100% WAWG MEMBERSHIP FORM Please check level of membership Thank you to our Student $75 Partnership $500 Grower $125 (up to 5 partners) Landlord $125 Convention $600 current members Family $200 (up to 2 members) Lifetime $2,500 We fight every day to ensure that life on the family farm continues to prosper and grow. Name WE NEED YOUR SUPPORT.

Farm or Business If you are not a member, please consider joining today. LEVELS OF MEMBERSHIP THIS IS Address THIS IS YOUR City YOUR GRAIN

State Zip Greensheet Newsletter Wheat Life Magazine National Wheat Grower Newsletter HarvestAnnual Prints Convention WAWG Registration Free One per Vote Member GRAIN. ONBUGS. Producer/Landowners (Voting Membership) Phone Fax Grower or Landlord $125 X X X X Family $200 X X X X Email (2 family members) Partnership $500 X X X X X County Affiliation (if none, write state) (1-5 family members) Convention $600 X X X X X Circle all that apply: (2 individuals) Producer Landlord Individual Industry Rep. Business Owner Student Other Lifetime $2,500 X X X X X (1 individual) Return this form with your check to: Protected with Diacon®-D IGR Unprotected wheat after 150 days of insect infestation* WAWG • 109 East First Ave. • Ritzville, WA 99169. Non-Voting Membership Or call 877-740-2666 and use your credit card to enroll by phone. Student $75 X X X

WAWG’s current top priorities are: Keep Wheat and Barley Neat with Diacon®-D IGR ✔ Fighting mandatory carbon emissions ✔ Preserving the ag tax preferences: regulations. • Sales tax exemption on fertilizer and pesticides Is there anyone out there who still isn’t clear about what insects do to your grains? ✔ Maintaining a safe and sound • Ag wholesale B&O exemption From causing discount penalties to rendering grains altogether inedible, infestations make ® transportation system that includes rail, • Off-road fuel tax exemption a verifiable economic impact. Diacon -D IGR is a ready-to-use solution for protecting river and roads. • Repair parts exemption wheat, barley and other grains in a variety of storage sites. This dry formulation is an insect growth regulator that stops larval development that is ideal for water challenged situations. Washington state continues to look for more revenue, Make sure your grains stay clean with Diacon®-D IGR. and farmers’ tax exemptions are on the list. If these are important Call 800.248.7763 or visit BugFreeGrains.com to learn more. to your operation, join today and help us fight.

More member benefits: Washington Association • Greensheet ALERTS • WAWG updates of Wheat Growers • Voice to WAWG through opinion surveys 109 East First Ave. • Ritzville, WA 99169 • National Wheat Grower updates 509-659-0610 • 877-740-2666 • 509-659-4302 (fax) *In laboratory setting www.wawg.org • State and national legislative updates Always read and follow label directions. Diacon and Diacon with design are trademarks of Wellmark International. Central Life Sciences with design is a registered trademark Call 877-740-2666 or visit www.wawg.org of Central Garden & Pet Company. ©2017 Wellmark International. THIS IS

THIS IS YOUR YOUR GRAIN GRAIN. ONBUGS.

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Is there anyone out there who still isn’t clear about what insects do to your grains? From causing discount penalties to rendering grains altogether inedible, infestations make a verifiable economic impact. Diacon®-D IGR is a ready-to-use solution for protecting wheat, barley and other grains in a variety of storage sites. This dry formulation is an insect growth regulator that stops larval development that is ideal for water challenged situations.

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*In laboratory setting

Always read and follow label directions. Diacon and Diacon with design are trademarks of Wellmark International. Central Life Sciences with design is a registered trademark of Central Garden & Pet Company. ©2017 Wellmark International. WAWG at WORK ADVOCATING FOR THE WHEAT FARMERS OF EASTERN WASHINGTON

Trade, research, farm bill top WAWG’s 2017 federal priorities include: wheat growers’ agenda during D.C. trip • Support for maintaining and The Washington Association of Wheat Growers’ (WAWG) advocacy efforts increasing funding for the Market continued in late January and early February when leadership and staff headed Access Program and the Foreign to Washington, D.C., to discuss trade, falling numbers and the upcoming farm Market Development program. bill with members of Washington state’s federal delegation. • Support for the approval and “Many of our issues, such as maintaining and expanding overseas markets expansion of trade agreements with sound trade policies, improving on farm bill programs that are critical for that provide new market ac- risk management and supporting agricultural research, go far beyond the bor- cess for U.S. agricultural exports ders of our state and are greatly impacted by decisions made at the federal level. including wheat as a top priority During our trip to D.C., we were able to meet with our congressional delegation, for the U.S. Trade Representative. many of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) agency heads and repre- • Support for the removal of sentatives of the new administration to talk about our priorities and make sure sequestration of farm program our concerns were being heard,” said Nicole Berg, chair of WAWG’s National payments. Legislation Committee. • Support future farm bills con- Besides Berg, the WAWG team included Ben Adams, president; Marci Green, tinuing to offer agriculture and vice president; Kevin Klein, past president; and Michelle Hennings, executive nutrition support programs. director. In several meetings, especially with USDA agency leaders and senior • Support for publicly funded staff members of the Senate Agriculture Committee, the WAWG group was agricultural research at the fully joined by Washington Grain Commissioners (WGC) Dana Herron and Gary funded authorized amount in the Bailey; WGC Chairman Mike Miller; WGC CEO Glen Squires; WGC Program 2014 Farm Bill at $10 million. Director Joe Bippert; and Washington State Department of Agriculture Director (WSDA) Derek Sandison. • Support for Columbia River Treaty efforts that protect the “Although this time of year in D.C. is incredibly busy, especially with the tran- viability of U.S. navigation, hydropower, irrigation and flood control. • Opposed to the removal or breaching of any dams and ex- cessive spill and flow augmenta- tion within the Columbia-Snake River System. • Support for making regulatory reform a top priority during this Congress. • Support for legislation to remove duplicative regulatory requirements for certain pesticide applications and the requirement to obtain an NPDES permit. • Support for the Regulations The leadership team of the Washington Association of Wheat Growers had the opportunity to from Executives in Need of meet with members of the Trump Administration’s team, including Brian Dansel (left), who recently resigned as a Washington state senator to accept a position as a special assistant to the U.S. Secretary Scrutiny (REINS) Act. of Agriculture.

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Individual results may vary and performance may vary from location to location and from year to year. Monsanto and Vine Design®, WestBred and Design® and WestBred® are registered trademarks of Monsanto Technology LLC. ©2017 Monsanto Company. MWEST-17008-6121, 9518-WL-01012017 WL WAWG AT WORK Programmed ing to be held in the Pacific Northwest later this year. A farm bill hearing has already taken place in Kansas with For Profit... another scheduled for Michigan. Another topic that was discussed in Planting seed of unknown quality or many of the meetings was a planned origin can be costly. You could end budget request for increased funding for up with a crop that bears little resem- falling numbers research and testing. blance to the variety you intended to The request is a joint effort by WAWG, the WGC, the WSDA and Oregon and grow. Perhaps worse, you might plant Idaho wheat grower organizations and seed that emerges poorly or is infested commissions and is also supported by with noxious weeds like goatgrass or the wheat industry’s national organiza- wild oats. tions, the National Association of Wheat Growers and U.S. Wheat Associates. To be sure you’re buying quality seed, A falling number budget request was discussed in a meeting with senior staffers connected to the Senate Agriculture Committee. From left are Glen Squires, Washington Grain Commission (WGC) The idea was well received by all the you need to know its identity, purity CEO; Janae Brady, senior staff member of the Senate Agriculture Committee; Will Stafford, legislative congressional delegation members and germination potential. That’s what assistant to Sen. Pat Roberts (R-Kans.); Wayne Stoskopf, senior staff member of the Senate Agriculture the group met with. The request also Committee; Washington Association of Wheat Growers (WAWG) Executive Director Michelle Hennings; the Certified Seed tag is all about. WGC Commissioner Dana Herron; and WAWG Vice President Marci Green. garnered support from an unexpected source when Sen. Debbie Stabenow The blue tag tells you that the seed sition to a new administration, every member of our con- (D-Mich.), the ranking member of the you’re buying is only two generations gressional delegation made time to either meet with us in Senate Ag Committee, joined the group’s meeting with removed from the breeder’s original person or sent senior members of their staff to meet with Sen. Maria Cantwell (D-Wash). Stabenow expressed her seed, and that it has gone through a us,” said Hennings. “I think that shows they understand willingness to help with the request. rigorous program of field inspection, the importance of agriculture. I feel we were special harvesting and conditioning very successful in communicating our concerns and advocating for our industry.” procedures, and laboratory testing to With so much of the state’s wheat crop be- confirm its purity and high germina- ing exported overseas, trade and related issues tion potential. Plus, each lot of Certified were among the top topics the group discussed. Seed is backed by an official analysis Many of the congressional members reported from the Washington State Department that right now, there is a lot of uncertainty sur- of Agriculture Seed Lab. rounding trade and trade agreements with the new administration. The WAWG group had This year, go for the quality that comes the opportunity to educate several of the more with the blue. For the names of the Cer- urban legislators on how the wheat industry tified Seed dealers in your area, Call us uses the state’s transportation system, especially at 509-334-0461. the Columbia-Snake River System, and why the dams play such a big part in facilitating the movement of goods to the coast for export. Along with trade and moving goods down the Pacific Northwest waterways, ports were also discussed. WAWG made the point that any disruption in trade impacts relationships with overseas buyers, and port slowdowns due to Washington State Crop labor issues can cause major uncertainty in our export markets. Improvement Association, Inc. The 2018 Farm Bill was also a big topic of In WAWG’s meeting with Rep. Dan Newhouse (fourth from left) and staff member Kyle discussion. During a meeting with Rep. Cathy Kunkler, Newhouse brought up the possibility of having Rep. Ryan Zinke (R-Mont.) out to 2575 N.E. Hopkins Court, Pullman, WA 99163 McMorris Rodgers (R-Wash), the congresswom- Washington state for a tour of the Columbia-Snake River System dams. Zinke is expected to 509-334-0461 an said her office is pushing for a farm bill hear- be confirmed as the next U.S. Secretary of the Interior. Always Plant Certified Seed Guaranteed Quality Cleaner Fields Higher Yields www.washingtoncrop.com 10 WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2017 Programmed For Profit... Planting seed of unknown quality or origin can be costly. You could end up with a crop that bears little resem- blance to the variety you intended to grow. Perhaps worse, you might plant seed that emerges poorly or is infested with noxious weeds like goatgrass or wild oats. To be sure you’re buying quality seed, you need to know its identity, purity and germination potential. That’s what the Certified Seed tag is all about. The blue tag tells you that the seed you’re buying is only two generations removed from the breeder’s original seed, and that it has gone through a rigorous program of field inspection, special harvesting and conditioning procedures, and laboratory testing to confirm its purity and high germination potential. Plus, each lot of Certified Seed is backed by an official analysis from the Washington State Department of Agriculture Seed Lab. This year, go for the quality that comes with the blue. For the names of the Cer- tified Seed dealers in your area, Call us at 509-334-0461.

Washington State Crop Improvement Association, Inc. 2575 N.E. Hopkins Court, Pullman, WA 99163 Always Plant Certified Seed 509-334-0461 Guaranteed Quality Cleaner Fields Higher Yields www.washingtoncrop.com WL WAWG AT WORK

The WAWG group also had the opportunity to discuss the falling number budget request in a meeting with Will Stafford of Sen. Pat Roberts (R-Kan.) office, and Janae Brady and Wayne Stoskopf, senior staff members of the Senate Agriculture Committee. The staffers were support- ive of the request and discussed different options for sub- mitting it, including developing a coalition that included industry groups from other states that also contend with falling number issues. Meetings weren’t limited to the congressional delegation, however, as the group also met with several USDA agencies, including the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Risk Management Agency (RMA) and the Farm Service Agency (FSA). In the FSA meeting, WAWG presented Acting Deputy Director for Farm Programs Trade was the main topic of discussion during WAWG’s meeting with Bradley Karmen a letter of support for retired Whitman Rep. Dave Reichert (R-Wash.) and his agricultural staff member Natalie County wheat grower Randy Suess to be named the next Kamphaus. Reichert discussed the possibility of renegotiating the North American Free Trade Agreement. He said he was working diligently to FSA state director (see page 30). Discussion on qual- represent agriculture through his position on the House Ways and Means ity issues impacting producers’ actual production his- Subcommittee on Trade. Pictured (from left) are Derek Sandison, director tory continued when the group met with RMA Acting of the Washington State Department of Agriculture; WAWG Past President Kevin Klein; WAWG Executive Director Michelle Hennings; Reichert; Nicole Administrator Heather Manzano. RMA indicated a will- Berg, WAWG National Legislation Committee chair; Ben Adams, WAWG ingness to consider a proposal to change the policy. president; and Marci Green, WAWG vice president.

WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT WHEAT? Karl Felgenhauer (center) a retired wheat grower from Spokane County, was one of the many volunteers that manned the Washington Association of Wheat Growers’ booth at the Spokane Ag Expo in February. Visitors had the chance to enter into a drawing for a flat-screen television by answering a trivia question about wheat. Margie LaShaw of Rockford, Wash., was the lucky winner.

12 WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2017 眀眀眀⸀愀最琀爀甀挀欀猀愀渀搀攀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀⸀挀漀洀

䄀䜀吀刀唀䌀䬀匀嘀䔀䌀吀伀刀 ᰠ吀伀倀匀䔀䰀䰀䤀一䜀匀倀刀䄀夀䔀刀䤀一吀䠀䔀䔀一吀䤀刀䔀䤀一䰀䄀一䐀一伀刀吀䠀圀䔀匀吀⸀ᴠ WL WAWG AT WORK

Snow mold concerns CORRECTION: In the article, “Calling All Angels,” that ran in the January 2017 issue of Wheat Life discussed at county meeting (page 56), we incorrectly stated that concerning the founding of Egypt, Wash., and the Christ Snow mold was the main topic of conversation at Lutheran Church, Andrew Reinbold and his uncle February’s meeting of the Franklin County wheat walked 670 miles from Miles City, Mont., to Fort growers. Spokane. It was Andrew Reinbold and his brother Winter wheat in the area has been under snow for about (not uncle), Jacob, who made the trek west. The 60 days causing concerns about snow mold, said Martin Christ Lutheran Church was founded with the help Pierret, county president. According to Austin Davis, seed of Rev. Paul Hein of Spokane and was later served sales manager with CHS Connell Grain in Connell, Wash., by Pastor Mollenauer. Thanks to Sharon Carroll, the who attended the meeting, researchers at Washington State University have determined that the 100-day mark great-granddaughter of Reinbold, for pointing out is when growers need to be concerned about the disease. the error. Another factor to keep in mind is whether or not the ground has a history of snow mold and harbors the bacte- Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) seeding date has ria responsible. been moved back. Pierret said in normal years, CRP Pierret said that while it is unusual for Franklin County grasses are supposed to be seeded by the end of February. to have snow cover for this long, it has happened in the The Farm Service Agency hasn’t set a new seeding dead- past, and farmers will be monitoring their fields closely as line, only requesting that growers get the ground seeded the snow melts. as soon as they can get into the fields. Because the lingering snow cover has made it impos- The group also discussed falling numbers and the need sible for many farmers to get out in their fields, the area’s for a faster, more reliable test.

WAWG thanks members The Washington Association of Wheat Growers would like to thank each and every member of our organization. You, the members, keep the organization strong. The grassroots WAWG is built on keep the leadership, committees and board members moving forward in a positive way. Without your support and activity, WAWG would not be the efficient and effective organization it is today. Thank you for your time and support. CONVENTION CARSTENSEN BOYS E & M WILLIAMS INC HENRY FISHER FAMILY FARMS MIKE & MARJATTA MCGOURIN MONTE SHAFFER 3T JV CHVATAL FARMS INC ELSCO INC HERDRICK FAMILY LLC ALEX & BONITA MCLEAN SITTON FARMS INC 5 M INC MCGOURIN FARMS INC DARREL W & NINA CLAASSEN MICHAEL P & CATHERINE HI-CREST FARMS INC MEAD RANCH TIM SMITH & MICHELLE 7JK RANCH SCHOESLER FARMS INC CLARK FAMILY FARMS INC ENSLEY HILLSIDE FARMS INC MGP FARMING INC FODE SMITH A & C VALLEY FARMS INC FAMILY MIKE COCHRAN ENYEART FAMILY FARMS INC HILLTOP RANCH INC MILLSTREAM FARMS STEWARD FARMS INC A K FARMS INC KARL & IONE FELGENHAUER HINDERER TRIO MOORE FARMS CO STUBBS FARMS LLC AARON GFELLER INC 1 MOORE AG ELLSWORTH & SHERRILL FLOYD C & BERTIE HONN MOREL FARMS INC SUESS FARMS INC AHRENS FARMS INC A E KNOTT FARMS INC CONOVER DONNA FISHER LARRY D HOOD N & L FARMS INC SULPHUR CREEK RANCHES ALL JOY INC ABBEY FARMS INC CORKRUM & DERBY RANCH FOGED FARMS COUGAR STATE FARMS / HERR FRANZ RANCH INC J R EMTMAN INC NANCY GRANT FARM T D WALSH FARMS INC GEORGE ALLISON ALAN P HIGGINBOTHAM INC JACK DAVIS FAMILY LLC THORN CREEK FARMS B & D FARMS INC LIMITED G & A SMITH FARMS NEIL KEATTS FAMILY TRUST AMBER FURROWS INC CROW FARMS INC G & D GRAIN JEFF KINZER FARMS INC O’ER THE HILL FARMING TIMM FARMS INC AMERY FARM BAR L RANCH JOHN GRANT & SON TODD SCHOLZ FARM BAR STAR INC D & P ELDER FAMILY LLC G-02 FARM INC PARKWOOD FARM & KENNELS AMSCO INC DAVEY FARMS GEOTZ WHEAT FARMS JV JOHNSON AGRIPRISES INC PED FARMS INC TREIBER FARMS INC ANDERSON FAMILY BARKER ENTERPRISES JOHNSON FARMS VAN LEUVEN FARMS LLC BAUER COULEE FAMILY DAVID B WILLIAMSON & MARTIN & PAM GERING TOM & VICKY PETTY REVOCABLE TRUST PAULA M WILLIAMSON GERING & KUCH FARMS K-FARMS INC PM ROSMAN FARMS W G MELCHER INC ANDERVILLE FARMS FARM INC KEATTS FARMS INC WALLA WALLA RIVER BAUER FAMILY FARM REVOCABLE TRUST GLENCO FARMS INC POWERS RANCHES INC ANDREWS & ROWELL DAVIS FARMS GM FARMS KENNEY FARMS R & J FARMS INC ESTATES LLC ANTE UP INC PARTNERSHIP WALLI FARMS INC DIAMOND J FARMS INC GOETZ WHEAT FARMS JV KLC INC R B K JOINT VENTURE ANTHONY J SMITH FARMS LLC JOHN & ELLEN BAUMANN WARREN FARMS INC DINGMAN FARMS JV GOLDSWORTHY RANCH INC KOPF FARMS ELDON & MARY RABER APPEL PRAIRIE FARM INC BEE DEE FARMS KELLI WEBER DON MCHARGUE FARMS GRAIN ACRES INC ROBERT & PAULA KRAMER RAN-GAR FARMS MARK APPLEFORD BIG E FARMS WHEAT INC KRAMER FARMS RAYMOND MAYER FARMS INC MICHAEL E ARCHER BIG ROCK FARMS INC STANLEY & DORIS DORMAIER GREEN VIEW FARMS INC WILSON TRUST DORMAIER DIPPER RANCH LLC GREENE RIDGE FARMS LANEFIELD FARMS INC REIHA FARMS ARCHER FARMS BILL SWANNACK & SON LARITZ FARMS INC WINDSWEPT FARMS INC DOUBLE D FARMS GREG FERREL LLC REXEL FARMS INC ART / LINDA ZELLMER INC BLAIR FARMS LARRY CONOVER FARM WINDY KNOLLS RANCH LLC DOUBLE J RANCH INC H4 FARMS PARTNERSHIP ROBERT H WELLER ESTATE ART DRUFFEL FARMS BODONALD FARMS INC LEHNSKOV INC WISWALL RANCH DP JOINT VENTURE NORMAN J & MELISSA LUTHER ROECKS AURORA INC MARK & SANDRA BOOKER JAMES KENT & LISA LUCAS WM R LYONS & SONS HANSEN ROECKS FARMS INC KEITH AUSMAN BRIAN BLANK FARMS DRB FARM INC M & E FARMS MIKE & CHERYL WOODS SCHLEE FARMS INC B & B FARMS BROKEN WINDMILL DREAM BIG ADVENTURES HARDING FARMS M & L CARSTENSEN FARMS JOHN & KATHY SCHLOMER GROWER B & L FARMS INC FARMS INC DRY CREEK FARMS ROBERT L & MARJORIE MAINS BROS BUGHI FARMS INC ROY L & CARLEY J DUBE HAWKINS MARLER FARMS INC SCHOESLER FARMS 2M FARMS B & P FARMS INC C & E FARMS ROGER & MARY DYE HEIDER FARMS INC MCDONALD - MOON SCHUMER FARMS LLC 3-D FARMS B & W FARMS INC CAMP FARMS INC E & L COCHRAN JV HENNING FAMILY FARMS INC FARMS INC SEED LOGIC LLC 3 W FARMS BAFUS FAMILY JOINT VENTURE

14 WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2017 A smart way to do business? Keep diseases from infecting your bottom line.

DuPont™ Aproach® fungicide provides control of a broad spectrum of diseases in your cereal crop, including powdery mildew, rusts, tan spot and blotches. Delivering complete coverage within the crop for better rainfastness, efficacy and movement within each plant, Aproach® can help you realize a more visually appealing field and increased yield potential; bolstering your bottom line. Talk to your local team of DuPont experts, or to your retailer, for more details about Aproach® and the DuPont™ Crop Protection Plus® product cost replacement program.1 aproach.dupont.com

1See Terms and Conditions for details. Crop Protection Plus® is not available in all states. DuPont™ Aproach® fungicide may not be registered for sale or use in all states. Contact your local DuPont retailer or representative for details and availability in your state. Always read and follow all label directions and precautions for use. Unless indicated, trademarks with ®, TM or SM are trademarks of DuPont or afﬁ liates. © 2017 DuPont. DUPCNR16010_020117_WL

DUPCNR16010_020117_WL.indd 1 1/20/17 10:02 AM WL WAWG AT WORK

BAFUS FARMS INC DARREL SMITH RANCHES GORMLEY FARMS K & S FARMS MIKE RESER FARMS INC S & J SCHWARTZ INC VIEBROCK FARMS INC BAR TEN RANCHES DAVIS FARMS -GARY GORMLEY K-NEA INC DEAN MILLER S&C RANCHING VIEWPOINT FARM INC BARING BUSHELS & DBO FARMS INC -KATHLEEN G LOVELAND KAGELE ACRES INC GEORGE MILLER SADDLE MT HOMESTEAD VINTI FARMS BALDIES INC DC FARMS -GRADWAHL FARMS KAMERRER FAMILY FARMS LLC MAC MILLS SAM WOLF FARMS ALAN VOISE BASIN VIEW FARMS DEGON FAMILY FARMS JV GRANHOLM FARMS LLC KAPUTA KEVIN L MOELLER BRENDA SANCHEZ ROD VON LEHE BAUERMEISTER FARMS INC DEIFE FARMS INC MARK S GRANT KENNETH C KENO MOHS PROPERTIES LLC SANDRA CADIEU TRUST W & D RANCH INC BAUMAN SISTERS DENNY LAND & LIVESTOCK INC GRASSL FARMS CHARLES KENO JASON MONSON SC STROHMAIER FARMS INC W & L FARMS INC LOREN BEALE DERUWE L&F INC GREEN ACRE FARMS INC KEVIN SCHOLZ INC MONSON BROTHERS INC TOM SCHARFF W A L RANCH INC BECKER RANCH -RAYMOND DERUWE GREEN HOLLOW FARM INC KHEM FARMS LLC DEVIN MOON FRED & JULIE SCHARFF JEFF WAGNER BEECHINOR FARMS -RICHARD DERUWE GREEN VIEW FARMS INC JAMES KILE MOON FARMS SCHLEE FARMS WAHL FARMS INC BERNT LEHN FARMS INC DESERT GRAIN FARMS INC CURTIS GREENWALT BERT KINMAN STEVEN D MOORE CHARLES J SCHMIDT REGIE WALDHER BERRYMAN GRANDCHILDREN’S DESERT SKY AG LLC BARBARA GRIFFITH JUANITA KINZER CARL C MOORE SCHMITT FARMS DONALD E WALKER RANCH DEWALD FARMS GUMM FARMS KISLER FARMS INC TOM MOORE JOE A SCHMITZ WANDLING BROTHERS BEST ACRES -ROB DEWALD KENNETH W GUST BRADLEY R KJACK MOORE - 2 FARMS SCHOONOVER FARMS BILL WARREN BETCHER FARMS II INC -TRAVIS DEWALD GUSTY G RANCH INC KNIVETON FARMS INC MOORE FARMS MICHAEL P SCHRAG WARREN MORGAN ORCHARDS BIG BUCK FARMS INC DIAMOND-S FARMS INC H JACOBS FARMS INC KNODEL & SON FARM INC MORASCH FARMS SCHU FARMS INC LLC BJK FARMS INC DICK LEDGERWOOD & SONS INC H.T. REA FARMING CORP -JERRY KNODEL MORNING STAR FARMS GREG SCHULTZ WATKINS FARMS INC ARE WIREWORMS BLAIN RANCH DIDIER FARMS H4 FARMS PARTNERSHIP -JOSH KNODEL MR STOCK & STUBBLE INC JOHN F SCHULTZ NAT WEBB BILL BLESSINGER DINGMAN FARMS HAILEY COMPANY INC KNODEL & SON FARMS MUD CREEK FARMS SCOTTS HAY & GRAIN WEBER FARMS INC BLUE LIGHT FARMS DIRKS FARMS INC MARGUERITE A HALL BRIAN J KNOPP MURISON FARMS JV SCRUPPCO INC GREGORY G WEBER BLY RANCHES INC SAM DIXON HAMILTON GRAIN DONNA KOCH NANCY A MCKINNON POA PHILIP M SEALOCK WEBER RIDGE FARMS INC HANSEN FARMS BMW FARMS INC DODD FARMS RANDY KOLLER NAUGHT RANCHES INC MATTHEW SEIBLY WELLESLEY FARMS INC GETTING THE BEST OF BOB’S BOY INC DENNIS HARDY KREGGER FAMILY FARMS INC NEACE FARMS DON KAGELE FARMS INC LEROY SHARPE WELLSANDT FARMS INC BODEAU FARMS INC HARLOW FARMS L & D FARMS INC NEAL BROS INC SHAWVER FARMS MICHAEL DONEEN WERNZ FARMING DAVID BOLENEUS HAROLD HENNINGS FARM L & J FARMING NEFF RANCH TOM SHEER DUANE DORMAIER WEST WHITMAN FARMS INC BOW TIE FARMS INC KYLE HAWLEY L & P FARMS INC NEILSEN FARMS SHIRL MOON RANCH INC DOUBLE A FARMS WESTSIDE FARMS INC BRAUN FARMS INC HEATHMAN HEREFORD RANCH L2 INC NELSON COX FARMS INC SHOUN FARMS DOUBLE D RANCH WHITAKER & SONS FARMS INC BRENT BAIR FARMS HEATON FARMS MARK LAMBERT NELSON FARMS INC SID MAYBERRY INC YOUR WHEAT CROP? DOUBLE P RANCH WHITE FARMS BREWER BROS LLC JASON HEIDER KURT LANDKAMMER NIBLER FARMING SIDEB INC -DAVID WHITE BROCK RANCH PARTNERSHIP DOUBLE S FARM INC ELEANOR HEINEMANN MILDRED B LANSING NICK & DALE DRUFFEL ROBERT J SIEG DOUBLETREE RANCHES INC -DENNIS WHITE BROWN & FORD HELLBERG FARMS LARRY DRUFFEL FARMS INC PARTNERSHIP CORDE SIEGEL MIKE WHITMAN TERRY J BROWN DVM -ELLWOOD BROWN HEMINGWAY FARMS INC LARRY H KRUGER INC NORM DRUFFEL & SONS SIERRA VISTA FARMS INC -NEAL BROWN LES WIGEN Albaugh is excited to introduce the HENDRIX FARM LLC BROWNE RANCH LARRY TANNEBERG FARM INC NSINC INC SIEVERKROPP FARM INC FRED J WILCOX DOVER FAMILY TRUST DT HENNING FARMS JV BRUCE & DIANA CARLSON INC LAZY YJ FARMS JV NW FARMS INC SILVER CREEK FARMS INC LARRY D WILCOX CHARLES BUCH DUANE LASHAW FARMS INC HENNINGS ENTERPRISES INC LC FARMS INC ODESSA FARMING LLC ALTHA M SIMMELINK WILEY RANCHES INC MICHAEL D BUCKLEY DUANE WIDMAN FARM HERRES LAND CO LCAT FARMS INC OLIN FARMS JV DENNIS SIMMELINK First Biological Seed Treatment for WILKERSON RANCHES BUOB FARMS INC JUDITH A DUBE HG ETC LLC LEDGERWOOD AG OSTHELLER FARMS INC ORVILLE E SIMONS WILLADA FARMS INC BURKHART FARM RANDY DUNCAN HIDDEN VALLEY LTD PTR LEDGERWOOD FARM OVERTIME FARMS INC SIMONSON FARMS INC WILLIAM HUGHES JR FARM GARY BYE DUTCH FLAT ANGUS LLC HIGGINBOTHAM LEE EICKMEYER FARMS INC PEARSON FARMS DAVID E SIMPSON WILLIAM R DEIFE INC enhanced wireworm protection C & C FARMS E & P JOINT VENTURES HOMESTEADS INC LEE J HANFORD FARMS PEOLA FARMS INC THOMAS A SIMPSON HARVEY WILLIAMS C & L CLOANINGER INC E.L. & J.H. RAY FARMS LLC JAKE J HILL LEENDERTSEN FARMS THOMAS M PETERSEN SITTON FARMS INC C & P MUNDT FARMS INC EARTHBOURNE RESOURCES INC HILL VIEW FARMS JV LINDSEY LEFEVRE KELLY PETERSON SJ FARMS WILLIAMSON FARMS INC C & S FARMS JV ECKHART FARMS INC HILLCREST FARMS INC LELAND LAND & LIVESTOCK LLC BRUCE H PETTY SLR FARMS INC WILLRICH RANCH JV C 3 ANGUS RANCH ELMER C ANDERSON INC HILLS FARM LLC TRACY L LESSER PIERRET INC SMITH BROTHERS CRAIG WILLSON C FARMS ELY RANCHES HOCTOR RANCHES LLC LESTER WOLF FARMS INC -CLAUDE PIERRET SMITH FARMS INC WILLU INC C2S FARMS INC TIM ENSLEY JEFF HOLDERBY LEWIS & CLARK FARMS INC -MARTIN PIERRET SNOW FARMS INC WINDY ACRES CAMERON BROTHERS ERDMANN FARMS INC HOLLENBACK FARMS LIBERTY FIELDS LLC LYNN PITTMAN SPOKANE HUTTERIAN WINDY ACRES FARM INC CARL M CANFIELD ESCURE FARMS INC HORRIGAN FARMS INC LIBERTY RANCH PLUCKER FARM BRETHREN WINDY PRAIRIE INC CARGRAIN FARMS INC ESLICK FARMS INC HOWARD P SMITH RANCH PHILLIP M LILLENGREEN POE GRAIN & LIVESTOCK INC FRANCES M STEEL WM D & LINDA H STONECIPHER CARICO HILLS INC F & S ROSMAN FARMS INC HOWE FARMS INC GERALD L LIPPS H THOMAS POOLE STELZER FARMS INC FARM CARL ANDERSON RANCHES JV F R W FARMS HUDLOW INC LLEWELLYN FARMS INC POTTRATZ & TIEGS FARMS MARILYN M STELZER LOPEZ JAMES E WOLF CARLSON’S INC FARM-RITE INC HUNTLEY FAMILY JV LOGAN FARM PRIDE ACRES INC STEVE GFELLER INC WOLF CORPORATE FARMS INC CARLTON FARMS INC FARMING ETC INC HYER FARMS LOGEN INC JASON PROUDFOOT STEVE KRUPKE FARMS JV WOLLWEBER FARMS INC PETE CARSTENSEN DEAN C FARRENS J & J LAND AND LIVESTOCK ERIC E LONG RICHARD J QUIRK STODDARD FARMS JASPER WOMACH NORMAN CAVADINI FARRENS FARMS J & M WHITMAN FARMS LLC LONGMEDO FARM R & D ENTERPRISE INC STONE FARMS INC WOODY GRADE FARMS CENTURY 2 INC CRAIG FEENAN J & S MOON FARM INC LOUISE JAUSSAUD R & D FARMS INC STONE FARMS JV WP FARMS CHAD SMITH RANCHES FEUSTEL FARMS INC J & S MYERS INC WASHINGTON TRUST R & K FARMS INC STONECIPHER & SONS INC WWW FARMS INC DARYL CHESTERMAN FIESS FARMS INC J BAR S INC LTH FARM CORP R & L LYONS FARMS -WAYNE STONECIPHER WYBORNEY INC CHRISTENSEN FARMS FIFTH GEN FARM -DAN SCHLEE LUFT FARMS INC R & L RANCH INC -SUZIE STONECIPHER SOLLARS XB RANCH INC -C JOHN CHRISTENSEN ERNIE FILAN -JASON SCHLEE LYBECKER FARMS INC R & M MCHARGUE FARMS INC -CARRIE TRIMBLE ZAKARISON PARTNERSHIP -L CRAIG CHRISTENSEN FINK AGAIN INC J R M & M FARMS LYONS FARM OPERATIONS INC R & R JONES INC STONECIPHER RANCHES LLC ZECCHINO FARMS CIRCLE H RANCH LOREN L FISHER J R MILLER FARMS INC M K J FARMS INC RAFCO INC JOHN F STRATTON ZEILER RANCH INC CLAASSEN BROS DOUG FITZSIMMONS J VOWELS FARMS INC M4 FARMS INC CHRIS E RAMSEY TOM STRYCULA ZELL-CRON INC CLAASSEN FARMS INC WAYNE FITZSIMMONS J.H. MILLER & SON INC HARVEY MAC QUARRIE RASCHKO FARMS STUBBLEFIELD RANCH INC INDUSTRY ASA CLARK FIVE T FARMS INC JACKAROO LLC KYLE MADISON RATTLERS RUN FARMS INC ERIC STUCKY SUPPORTER CLAUSEN RANCH DOUG JACOBSON BILL MALEY RCM FARMS LLC SUNNY A FARMS & SERVICES FLANSBURG FARMS INC ADAMS COUNTY FSA CLERF FARMS INC SCOTT FORD JAMES BAILEY INC MALONE FARMS RDF FARMS INC SUNSET FARMS INC CLINE CLYDE RANCH JAMISON AG ENTERPRISES MARCO RANCHES REBEL CREEK FARMS INC DAVID L SWANNACK AG ENTERPRISE SUPPLY INC BRAD FORGEY -CHENEY OFFICE CHET C CLINESMITH WILLIAM J FOSTER JR -HOLLIS JAMISON MARTIN FARMS INC RED GOOSE INC SWANNACK FARMS INC J RICHARD CLOANINGER -RUSSELL L JAMISON MASTERSON RANCH REDMAN RANCH INC TALBOTT FARMS INC -WILBUR OFFICE FOUNDATION FARM INC AGRIBUSINESS COUNCIL CLOANINGER FARMS FRANCISCO TRUST JANSON FARMS INC STEVE MATSEN VICTOR REEVE TANKE JOINT VENTURE JBS FARMS INC STEVE TAYLOR ALMIRA FARMERS WHSE CO COCHRAN FARMS FRANZ RANCH INC MATT LYONS FARMS RICH REMINGTON COCHRANE FARMS JDK FARMS INC MATT LYONS INC RENNEWANZ FARMS LLC TEELGRO ALMOTA ELEVATOR CO FRAZIER BLUFF FARMS INC COCHRANE SONS FARM JE DOUGLAS INC MCA FARMS REPP FARMS INC TEMPLIN FARM SERVICE INC ASSOCIATION OF WASHINGTON FROST VALLEY FARMS COLUMBIA VIEW FARMS JEA FARMS LTD RONALD D MCCLURE RETCO TERRY HARDING INC AERIAL APPLICATORS FULFS BROTHERS FARMS GP COORDES FARMS JV JERRY DORMAIER FARMS INC ELAINE B MCDANIEL RICHARDSON & SON INC THIRD COULEE FARMS BAKER BOYER BANK Albaugh’s Goal is to Deliver Value: G & D FARMS INC COPELAND FARM LLC JESKE FARMS JOINT VENTURE MCGREEVY BROTHERS LORNA RICHMOND JOHN THOREN BIG BEND ELECTRIC COTTONWOOD CREEK FARMS G & D MOON PARTNERSHIP JIM BAUER & SONS FARM INC MCGREGOR LAND & RJ CIRCLE FARMS INC BRIAN K TIEGS COOPERATIVE INC 1. The Albaugh Seed Treatment Technology Team is excited to launch BIOST™ COULEE CREEK FARMS G & J HAMILTON FARMS INC JOHN D INC LIVESTOCK CO RKJK FARMS INC TIMM-RUSH INC BUCK & AFFILIATES INSURANCE COULEE HITE ENTERPRISES INC G. W. GEIB INC JOHNSON FARMS MCKAY GRAIN & LIVESTOCK INC ROBERT OR ANNA REA FARMS TIMMCO INC WEST the First Complete Biological Seed Treatment Platform DALE GALBREATH -AIRWAY HEIGHTS OFFICE CRC FARMS INC BARBARA JOLLY PAT MCKEIRNAN ROBISON FARMS CO TLC RANCH INC ST CRIS & PAM KINCAID GENERAL GARY GALBREATH JON L OLSON RANCH MCKEIRNAN FARMS ROCK ROSE FARMS INC TMC FARMS INC -PULLMAN OFFICE 2. BIO ™ Insecticide 100 is the ﬁ rst Biological Seed Treatment that has proven PARTNERSHIP GREG GALBREATH GREG JONES MCKINLEY & MCKINLEY ROCKING K RANCH INC TODD KIMBALL FARMS CENTRAL WASHINGTON GRAIN efﬁ cacy against wireworms CROSBY FARMS INC GAUNTT FARMS INC ALAN D JONES MCKINNEY FARMS ROCKING MC TR REAPERS INC GROWERS INC CSI GB FARMS INC JORDAN FARMS DAVID M MCNEILLY ROD HUBNER FARMS TRIPLE S FARM PARTNERSHIP CF INDUSTRIES INC 3. BIOST™ Insecticide 100 when combined with Resonate™ brand insecticides CT MYERS FARMS INC GENE MCDONALD FARMS INC BETTY L JORGENSEN MCRAE RANCH INC RODRIGUES FARMS INC LARRY TUPLING CHS CONNELL GRAIN CUNNINGHAM FARM CURTIS GERING KEITH JORGENSEN MEADOWVIEW JV DANIEL ROLAND TWIN TOWERS FARMS LLC COBANK NATIONAL BANK provides superior wireworm suppression vs neonic insecticides used alone ROBERT M CUTLER GIESCO INC JORGENSEN BROS JV MELVILLE FARMS INC ROLLING MC U 2 RANCH INC COLUMBIA BANK D & D ROBERTS JV GLEN-MAR FARMS JORGENSEN FARMS JOINT MERCER DRYLAND FARMS RON & JEFF TEE FARMS INC UNION CREEK NORTH LLC ED POE AGENCY INSURANCE D & L FARMS INC DIRK A GLESSNER VENTURE MERLE ARMSTRONG FARMS INC STEVE ROSBACH URBAT FARMS INC GUINN ENTERPRISES INC D & M FARMS GMC JV JR FARMS INC MESERVE FARMS INC ROSMAN ENTERPRISES INC VALLEY VIEW RANCH HELENA CHEMICAL COMPANY D & M LANGE JV GOLDEN ESTATE INC JR MELCHER INC MICHAEL HAND FARMS ROSS RANCH LEONARD R VAN BUREN MEL HENKLE D & P FARMS GOLDEN GRAIN FARMS INC JSJ FARM INC MIDDLETON SIX SONS ROSS RANCH JV VAN HOLLEBEKE FARMS INC KIRKPATRICK, UTGARD & Contact your local seed retailer for more information on BIOST™ Insecticide 100 D-B FARM GOPLEN AG SERVICES K & D KJACK FARMS INC FARMS LLC ROY FARMS INC VAN HOLLEBEKE LIVESTOCK PERRY PS DANAHER FARMS GORDON & GORDON FARMS LP K & K FARMS INC MIELKE BROS INC RYLAARSDAM FARMS JOINT VENTURE LAMONT GRAIN GROWERS Refer to the product label for complete use directions and instructions. BIOST™ and Resonate™ are trademarks of Albaugh, LLC. Always use and follow label directions EPA Reg. No. 84059-14-42750 AD No. 100616

16 WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2017 ARE WIREWORMS GETTING THE BEST OF YOUR WHEAT CROP? Albaugh is excited to introduce the First Biological Seed Treatment for enhanced wireworm protection

Albaugh’s Goal is to Deliver Value:

1. The Albaugh Seed Treatment Technology Team is excited to launch BIOST™ the First Complete Biological Seed Treatment Platform 2. BIOST™ Insecticide 100 is the ﬁ rst Biological Seed Treatment that has proven efﬁ cacy against wireworms 3. BIOST™ Insecticide 100 when combined with Resonate™ brand insecticides provides superior wireworm suppression vs neonic insecticides used alone

Contact your local seed retailer for more information on BIOST™ Insecticide 100

Refer to the product label for complete use directions and instructions. BIOST™ and Resonate™ are trademarks of Albaugh, LLC. Always use and follow label directions EPA Reg. No. 84059-14-42750 AD No. 100616 WL WAWG AT WORK

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18 WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2017 Full Load Complete gives you superior increases in eﬃcacy of glyphosate herbicides as well as most post applied salt formulated herbicides such as 2,4-D, Glufosinate and Dicamba. It has the best drii reduccon technology plus a great deposicon proﬁle. Full Load Complete also reduces volacle of Phenoxy herbicides by up to 40%. It replaces AMS, Counteracts hard water, and is designed to perform with all tank mixtures. Full Load Complete is the simplest and the best adjuvant for Glyphosate based Herbicides and Tanks Mixes. --All in One Jug! POLICY MATTERS WAWG takes part What WAWG is watching in national winter Friday, Feb. 17, the state reached the first deadline of the legislative session. Any policy bills that did not move out of their original committee are dead board meeting for this session (unless otherwise revived). The only legislation not covered by this deadline are budgets and fiscal bills necessary to implement the budget. In February, members of the Notable bills that passed out of policy committee by the deadline were: Washington Association of Wheat • DNR lease bill (SSB 5051). This bill requires the Washington State Growers’ (WAWG) leadership team Department of Natural Resources to provide at least 180 days written notice took part in the National Association and include certain written documentation regarding the termination in any of Wheat Growers’ (NAWG) annual nondefault or early termination provision included in an agricultural or graz- winter board meeting. In addition to ing state land lease. helping develop farm bill priorities • Fixes to Hirst/Foster Decisions (exempt wells/mitigation of water rights). and attending committee meetings, SSB 5239, sponsored by Sen. Judy Warnick (R-Moses Lake), reverses the Hirst the WAWG group also attended decision by authorizing new exempt wells (that withdraw less than 5,000 multiple industry receptions and gallons of water per day and are exempt from a permit) if water for the well helped organize a congressional is physically available and its use won’t violate the terms of an instream-flow staff dinner with the Washington rule adopted by the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology). It Grain Commission, which 30 people also addresses the Foster case by allowing Ecology to approve water-right attended. mitigation measures that benefit fish and aquatic resources but don’t fully The Domestic and Trade Policy replace the water in a stream or lake that might be reduced by the water right. Committee discussed a number of HB 1885, sponsored by Rep. Larry Springer (D-Kirkland), also addresses the topics in preparation for develop- Hirst decision by allowing local governments to rely on Ecology’s instream- ment of the next farm bill. WAWG flow rules to determine the existence of an adequate potable water supply Vice President Marci Green sits on when approving an application for a subdivision or similar development. It this committee. They discussed the also authorizes Ecology to carry out watershed-scale programs to mitigate the economic conditions in wheat coun- cumulative impact of wells on fish species of concern. HB 1918, sponsored by try, including the impact of non- Rep. Derek Stanford (D-Bothell), sets conditions for approval of new exempt convergence between the local cash wells if they receive a mitigation certificate backed by a program that will price and the hard red winter wheat ensure strict water-for-water mitigation of the well’s impact on stream flow. futures market. Producers have been • Protecting Snake River dams (SJM 8004). This legislation requests that the experiencing a particularly wide federal government prevent the breaching of any dam in the Columbia-Snake basis (more than $1.50 per bushel in River System. some areas), which has implications • Exempting short-line railroads that haul nonfuel oils from oil spill con- for crop insurance and farm pro- tingency requirements (SHB 1136). This bill narrows the contingency plan grams, as the price that a farmer is requirements for Class III railroads that do not haul crude oil. actually receiving for their wheat is • Food policy forum (SHB 1562). This bill establishes a food policy fo- lower than what’s factored into those rum as a public-private partnership to promote a variety of goals related to programs. Washington’s food system. It directs the food policy forum to submit recom- The committee also delved into mendations to the legislature no later than Oct. 31, 2018. the impact of quality issues result- • Marijuana and right to farm (SHB 1692). This bill adds marijuana, useable ing from low falling numbers in the marijuana and marijuana-infused products to the list of farm products whose Pacific Northwest as well as other production constitutes an “agricultural activity” so as to be presumed reason- quality issues like vomitoxin. Some able and not a nuisance. states are interested in working to identify whether adjustments can be

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made to quality adjustment discount factors or whether there are other policy river system, giving markets as far changes that could be made to help farmers when they are affected by condi- away as the Midwest access to inter- tions outside of their control. A presentation of the actual production history national markets. Barging is one of language issue with quality was given by Ken Ackerman who used to work for the lowest cost, most environmental- the Risk Management Agency (RMA). ly friendly modes of transportation WAWG submitted to the committee the budget request for research into we have. A typical four-barge tow improving the falling numbers test and asked NAWG to support the letter. moves the same amount of cargo as Washington Grain Commissioner Dana Herron gave the committee some back- 140 rail cars or 538 trucks using just ground and education on the issue. The committee passed a motion to support a fraction of the fuel. the effort and write their own letter of support. In addition to providing business- The committee then discussed farm bill priorities, including Foreign Market es with affordable, reliable transpor- Development (FMD) and Market Access Program (MAP) funding. tation to move our goods to market, the dams provide the region’s largest The Environment and Renewable Resources Committee discussed conserva- source of carbon-free, renewable tion and the next farm bill, regulatory reform and other policy issues. WAWG electricity. The majority (90 percent) President Ben Adams sits on this committee. Staff members from the House and of the Northwest’s renewable energy Senate agriculture committees discussed conservation program oversight and comes from hydropower dams, the committees’ schedules for gathering information on the current farm bill. which not only is clean, reliable The Nature Conservancy also joined the committee to discuss their recent work power, but affordable electricity on soil health. (much cheaper than wind and solar) NAWG, along with U.S. Wheat Associates (USW), held two joint committee that attracts business to our region. meetings. The Joint International Trade Policy Committee, which WAWG Past Nearly 60 percent of the energy President Kevin Klein sits on, heard from Ben Conner from USW who covered produced in Washington, Oregon, policy priorities in trade agreement monitoring and enforcement; negotiating Idaho and Montana is generated by trade rules; sanctioned countries; and market development. Jason Hafemeister, hydropower dams on the Columbia the acting deputy undersecretary for Farm and Foreign Agricultural Service at and Snake rivers. If the dams were the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), presented on USDA trade policy removed, it would take two nuclear, efforts. The committee was also provided more information on how MAP and three coal-fired or six gas-fired pow- FMD benefit U.S. wheat farmers and talked about how USW uses that funding er plants to replace the average an- to keep and grow U.S. markets around the world. nual power they produce, leading to the increased production of greenhouse gases. Additionally, a 2015 WAWG comments on Snake River dams Bonneville Power Administration Before the Feb. 7 comment period closed, the Washington Association of Wheat Growers submitted comments in a letter on the proposed scoping process for the Columbia River Systems Operations Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). The letter outlined the organization’s opposition to any consideration of dam removal or breaching, saying, “…it is important that the scoping effort recognize that there is no basis to breach, remove or bypass the Snake River or other federal dams. Such options do not meet the definition of “reasonable” under the National Environmental Policy Act and should not be included in the scoping process or in the draft Environmental Impact Statement.” The Snake River dams are part of the Columbia-Snake River System, a 465- mile river waterway that is the top wheat export gateway in the U.S. and the 䌀愀氀氀昀漀爀 third largest grain export gateway in the world. More than half of the wheat 挀甀猀琀漀洀猀攀攀搀椀渀最 barged on the river system moves through one or more of the dams. To move 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀琀栀椀猀猀瀀爀椀渀最 the same amount of wheat by road or rail would require 137,000 semi-trucks or 23,900 rail cars, leading to increased fuel consumption, increased emissions and 圀圀圀⸀匀䔀䔀䐀䴀䄀匀吀䔀刀⸀䌀䄀圀圀圀⸀匀䔀䔀䐀䴀䄀匀吀䔀刀⸀䌀䄀 increased wear and tear on our transportation infrastructure. Besides grain, nearly $3 billion worth of commercial cargo is moved across the

22 WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2017

WL POLICY MATTERS

analysis showed that the cost to replace the power the Snake River dams produce would be $264-$350 million annually at current market prices. Pesticide measures approved Recently, the House Agriculture Committee approved two measures regarding the regulation of pesticides. The Reducing Regulatory Burdens Act (HR 953) would eliminate the duplicative permit requirement for use of pesticides that have already been approved by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the Federal Insecticide Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). The National Pollution Discharge Elimination System, a permit under the Clean Water Act that addresses water pollution by regulating point sources that discharge pollutants into the waters of the U.S., adds additional and unnecessary burdens to producers applying pesticides on or near water. The EPA’s FIFRA registration and review of crop protection products takes into consideration environmental and human risk and it is unnecessary to have both requirements. The committee also approved the Pesticide Registration Enhancement Act (HR 1029), which would reauthorize the Pesticide Registration Improvement Act.

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R.S.V.P. to the WAWG oce by April 12th 509.659.0610

First 100 to R.S.V.P. will receive a FREE 2.5 gallon container of RoundUp, sponsored by AgLink and Helena Chemical. Random prize drawings will be held throughout the day, Wheat College sponsored by Dow AgroSciences and Albaugh, LLC. With featured speaker: Greg Kruger and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln’s Pesticide Application Technology Lab, equipped with state-of-the-art greenhouse and wind tunnels. In cooperation Thursday, April 27 with Washington State University, additional topics will include: 9:00 a.m. – 3:00 p.m. • Pesticide drift Three Rivers Convention Center • Herbicide resistance 7016 West Grandridge Blvd. • Worker Protection Standards Kennewick, WA 99336

Lunch is included. You do not need to be a WAWG member to attend. Pesticide Credits will be o ered. Watch for a full session outline in Event sponsored by the Washington Grain Commission an upcoming Wheat Life edition! 2017 Bringing world-class information and research directly to growers. Presented by AMMO, a program of the Washington Association of Wheat Growers

R.S.V.P. to the WAWG oce by April 12th 509.659.0610

Lunch is included. You do not need to be a WAWG member to attend. Pesticide Credits will be o ered. Watch for a full session outline in Event sponsored by the Washington Grain Commission an upcoming Wheat Life edition! PMS 139 Working to advance the small grains industry by building support for programs and activities that increase public awareness of farming.

PMS 114 LET’S GROW TOGETHER CAMPAIGN UPDATE Calendar: The goal of our Let’s Grow Together campaign heading into 2017 is to increase momentum as we build positive public perceptions about the economic and cultural contributions farm- Washington Wheat ing makes to our state. We’re furthering efforts to secure a social license to farm at a time Foundation meeting when the cultural and economic divide between the eastern and western parts of our state June 5 at the Wheat intensifies. Foundation Building Garnering positive public perception is vital to progress concerning key industry priori- in Ritzville, Wash. ties, such as controlling carbon emission regulations and maintaining efficient transporta- June Shoot June 14 at tion systems, including our waterways. Carbon emissions represent a case in point regard- Landt Farms in Nine ing the political divide in our state. In fact, widespread public support backs an initiative for Mile Falls, Wash. the City of Seattle to become carbon neutral by the year 2050. Washington Wheat As issues of sustainability and carbon neutrality rise to the top of public opinion and priorities, the public and legislators look beyond the geographic confines of King County with Foundation Meeting intentions to drive state-wide greenhouse gas emission reduction plans, including legislative Sept. 11 at the Wheat PMS BLACK goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. Note that King County was Foundation Building the only county to support Initiative 732 at the polls. in Ritzville, Wash. Educating the public west of the Cascades about the benefits of farming and about volun- Washington Wheat tary conservation activities and sustainable practices employed by Washington farmers is Foundation Meeting necessary to properly frame public perception about agriculture, eliminating farming as a Nov. 10 at The target for environmental activism and initiatives. Davenport Grand WHEAT AMBASSADOR ACTIVITIES Hotel in Spokane, Tessa Jantz. In March, I will be traveling to Washington, D.C., with Mike Miller of the Wash. Washington Grain Commission. While there we will be meeting with Sen. Patty Murray and Reminders: Reps. Dan Newhouse and Cathy McMorris Rodgers. We also will have the opportunity to • Like the National tour the Capitol and White House and explore other landmarks in our nation’s capital. I am Wheat Foundation grateful for the financial contributions from Lincoln-Adams Crop Improvement Association, Facebook page. Adams County Wheat Growers Association and the Washington Wheat Foundation that have made this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity possible. This summer I will be attending • Remember the several local growers’ events where I will share my experiences. Foundation in your charitable giving. Go LEAVE YOUR MARK AND SUPPORT A LEGACY to wawheat.org to Purchase an 8”x8” tile in the entrance of the Washington find out more about Wheat Foundation Annex to last throughout the years. The ways that you can Washington Wheat Foundation is currently providing the op- support your industry. portunity to acquire tile(s) with two engraving options available. Each tile is a symbol, representing a gift made to support • Visit and share the the research, education and promotion of the Washington new “Let’s Grow wheat industry. Tile options are: Together” blog and • $250 tile in foyer of Washington Wheat Foundation Facebook page. Building. Two lines with 16 characters per line; or Washington Wheat • $1,000 tile in foyer of Washington Wheat Foundation Foundation Building. Three lines with 16 characters per line for top two P.O. Box 252 lines and 10 characters for third line. Ritzville, WA 99169 Orders and payment can be sent to The Washington Wheat (509) 659-1987 Foundation, P.O. Box 252, Ritzville, WA 99169. wawheat.org

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For information only. Not a label. Prior to use, always read and follow the product label directions. WILBUR-ELLIS logo and Ideas to Grow With are registered trademarks, NUTRIO and NUTRIO logo are trademarks of Wilbur-Ellis Company LLC. K-1216-418 WL FEATURE Grower receives legacy award for advocacy work Whitman County wheat grower Randy Suess may have retired from farming in 2015, but that doesn’t mean he’s slowed down in his commitment to the state’s agricultural industry. He remains active in many ag organizations, educating the public and state and federal legislators on the importance of agriculture. His life-long efforts were recognized recently at the 2017 Spokane Ag Expo, where he was given the first-ever Legacy Award. “The Legacy Award awards individuals that have made a significant and lasting contribution to agriculture in the Inland Northwest,” Dick Hatterman, Ag Expo board- member, said as he introduced the award. He commended Suess’s lifetime commitment to increasing public awareness about the Washington wheat industry and agriculture in general. Suess is a third-generation farmer. He returned full time to his family’s farm in 1985 after teaching junior high school and working as an elementary school principal and a school district administrator. He has been married to Whitman County grower Randy Suess (middle) was named the recipient his wife, Laurie, for 37 years and has two grown children. of the first-ever Legacy Award at the 2017 Spokane Ag Expo. He was Suess said it was an honor to receive an award for some- given the award by Spokane Mayor David Condon and Spokane County thing he loves doing. Commissioner Shelly O’Quinn “I’ve been doing it (advocating for the ag industry) since 1985. It’s just something that gets ingrained in you,” With the support of WAWG, Suess’s name was recently he explained. Suess has been an active member of the put forward as a candidate for the position of Farm Service Washington Association of Wheat Growers (WAWG) since Agency state executive director. The position is politically returning to the farm. He has served as a Washington appointed with input from Washington’s federal delega- Grain Commissioner and as chairman of the U.S. Wheat tion, among others. Associates’ (USW) board. USW is the international mar- “With his agricultural background and all of his years keting arm of the U.S. wheat industry. He has also served advocating for the ag industry at the state and the national on the board of the Washington Wheat Foundation and on level, we think Randy is a great fit for this position,” said the Washington State University variety testing advi- WAWG Executive Director Michelle Hennings. “Farm sory board. Suess recently received the Washington State Service Agency programs protect the viability of farming University Alumni Achievement Award for helping fund and help make it possible for farmers to weather the ups endowed chairs, research projects, the building of a new and downs of the industry. It just makes sense to fill the greenhouse and his support of Extension programs. position with someone who understands the financial, “We are fortunate to have members like Randy who regulatory and environmental pressures farmers face work tirelessly to promote and protect our industry and every day.” agriculture in general,” said WAWG President Ben Adams. “We are happy to see his work and commitment to the Serving The Columbia Basin agricultural industry recognized.” and Central Washington At a time when less than 1 percent of the U.S. population Wheat Growing Areas. is involved in farming, public awareness of agricultural is more important than ever. In the 30 years since Suess took up farming full time, he said he’s seen a big decrease in We Can the number of people who are willing to volunteer their WHEAT GROWERS: Custom Clean and Treat time and get involved in industry organizations. SPRING SEED FOR SALE Your Seed “We’ve got to get more people involved. And when those For Market Information & Storage Needs people go to meetings, and it doesn’t matter what kind of Box 27, Wilson Creek, WA 98860 meeting, they need to let everybody else know what is go- Storage and ing on in the industry. Even just talking to their neighbors Call Wilson Creek at 509-345-2551 Grain Marketing or visiting at the grocery store…it all adds up,” he said. Since 1909

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WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2017 31 WL FEATURE Around the world markets AMMO workshop mixes economic grain outlook with marketing advice

By Trista Crossley N.D., covered the world production vs. demand portion of What do you get when you mix a world economic grain the workshop. He told the audience that while he thought outlook with marketing information? For attendees at the the market had hit bottom for the year, there probably Agricultural Marketing and Management Organization’s wasn’t much of an upside in the short run. second workshop of 2017, they walked away with a clear- Randy Fortenbery, the Thomas B. Mick Endowed Chair eyed view of the current global wheat situation and how in the School of Economic Sciences at Washington State to determine whether an offered price is fair under current University, talked about how producers should assess market conditions. their price risk and use current and historical market in- Mike Krueger, founder and president of The Money formation to start thinking about whether it’s a good time Farm, a grain marketing advisory service located in Fargo, to consider a sale or not.

Where demand meets production Mike Krueger tackled the state of the world’s wheat market by first talking about soybeans and corn, because, “…they are all interrelated. You can’t simply ignore what’s going on in that world.” Soybean demand has continued to grow despite high prices. Part of the demand is because of China’s increasing imports due to an expanding middle class and the need to feed protein to poultry and hog herds. In the U.S., record yields haven’t hurt the export demand, and the result is a projected increase in soybean acreage to the tune of 5 to 6 million more acres, with most of that increase coming from areas that traditionally planted wheat or barley. “What that means, to put it into perspective for a wheat guy in North Dakota, is he can sell new crop beans today at $9.50 a bushel,” Krueger explained. “He had awesome yields last year. He had good wheat yields too, but he sold that, for the most part, at $5 a bushel or less. I think we are Their crop was huge, but it was low protein with less- going to lose up to a million acres of spring wheat, and a than-desirable milling and baking characteristics. Part of lot of that is going to go to soybeans.” their problem, Krueger said, was that elevators in that part of the country aren’t checking protein levels or for falling Corn has a similar story. Last year saw a record corn numbers. crop in the U.S. and across the world with increases in ethanol consumption and export demand. Again, nearly “Now they have a massive gob of crummy wheat, and half of the world corn supply is in China. Krueger said that’s a problem,” he said. “I don’t know how they are go- U.S. farmers are holding onto corn and will need to start ing to move it. It is going to have to find its way into feed moving that supply, especially if the new crop gets off to a channels, but that hasn’t happened very quickly either.” good start. Krueger said one of the reasons U.S. wheat stocks have Having established the state of the soybean and corn expanded so rapidly is because last year, exports were the markets, Krueger moved onto the wheat market. With four worst they’ve been since the early 1970s. consecutive big wheat crops, especially in the Black Sea “When you combine a super strong dollar, dirt cheap region, he noted that the world is awash in wheat, but that ocean freight weights and big supplies of wheat among the bulk of that wheat is low quality and low protein. In all our competitors, it’s not good. It’s not good for us,” he the U.S. last year, the Plains states had a similar problem. explained. “Cheap ocean freight makes the world tiny

32 WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2017 FEATURE WL because they can ship wheat from Russia or the Ukraine to Monterrey, Mexico, for almost nothing compared to what it was six, eight, ten years ago.” Krueger said he thinks the 2017 world wheat production will be clos- er to 725 million tons with consumption hovering at 750 million tons. He predicted that the U.S. will produce 12 to 14 million tons less wheat simply due to reduced plantings. A lot also depends on how production in other countries goes, especially Australia, Canada and Russia. Some of the factors to consider in the upcoming crop year in terms of the U.S. wheat crop include: • U.S. producers are losing money; • U.S. winter wheat plantings will be down; • U.S. winter wheat farmers are using less certified seed and lower fertilization rates to save 47% in China money; • We could see fewer total planted acres to all crops in 2017, not just in the U.S. but the world; and • The U.S. should see a shift away from corn and wheat to oilseeds in 2017, with a similar shift in Canada. Looking ahead, Krueger said based on current trends and U.S. 45% in China Department of Agriculture numbers, he thinks the worst is over, but the wheat market won’t see a big rebound. “The U.S. wheat situation is going to change. The extent that makes a difference for us in price will be dependent by class and on what happens for the demand for our wheat. That is dependent on what goes on in the rest of the world,” he said. “The good news is, I think in These charts from Mike Krueger’s presentation show the current estimated days of world supply the parts of the world that we really for the three main commodities: soybeans, corn and wheat. The red line is a point of reference rely on for demand, their economies for when the huge bull market started in about 2006. are in awesome shape.”

WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2017 33 WL FEATURE

Don’t lose a dime to make a nickel It’s one of the biggest questions on producers’ minds— when to sell wheat? As Randy Fortenbery explained, it’s all about balancing how much risk a producer is willing to tolerate vs. how much to sell to keep the operation going and to sleep at night. The key, he said, is to know what a realistic price is. “You should know about the price of production. You should know that for long-term planning. What is it going to take to stay in business?” he said. “But sometimes, the cost of production is irrelevant. Sometimes you are in a situation where the best you can do is minimize losses. You have to be realistic about what the market is offering or is likely to offer.” Everybody in the grain chain, Fortenbery said, uses the futures market to manage their risk and determine what prices they can offer for forward cash contracts. Using historical data, he showed that in general, futures prices trend “Often times, especially when prices are pretty good, we lower going into the corn harvest through the first of the tend to overemphasize the production risk, and as a result, next year before heading upward. So if a farmer decides we take on more market risk than maybe we would really to hold grain in September, “…you need to calculate what want to,” Fortenbery said. “What you really need to do is it is going to cost you to wait until March, April or May sit down and look at yields over a five to 10 year period. because that’s usually when you’ll finally see another price How often do you really get that big failure? Secondly, opportunity that’s better than the one you saw at harvest. what is your protection against that? What kind of insur- It doesn’t always happen, but it happens pretty often.” ance product do you have, and can it help cover you so Another factor that can help producers is “basis.” Basis you can pay for the nondelivery (of contracted grain)? At is the difference between cash prices and futures prices what price is it worth taking that risk and giving up the for the contract closest to expiration. Fortenbery said basis price risk?” is much more predictable than prices, and producers who Fortenbery closed out his presentation by talking about understand how basis behaves can use it to determine if marketing plans. A good plan, he said, is a written one a buyer is offering an attractive price given the market’s that identifies a producer’s specific price objectives as the current condition. production and/or storage season progresses. It identi- “A lot of the times when we store grain, we are hoping fies strategies available to achieve those price objectives. the price goes up or we store it because we think the price Plans should also be flexible so they can adapt to changing isn’t as attractive as we would like it to be,” he explained. market conditions. “Once you have grain out of the ground, you shouldn’t be There are four factors that should influence a producer’s thinking about the price in that way. It’s about a return on investment of storage costs, not betting whether the price marketing plan: is going to go up or go down.” • Personal feelings and attitudes about marketing; Producers also need to consider production risk. • The financial needs of the business;

The objective of marketing is: Recording Basis • NOT to make money in the futures market. • NOT to sell at the highest price of the year. To record historical basis levels, collect closing futures prices for the contract closest to maturity (but not expiring in the • NOT to generate accurate price forecasts. current month) each Wednesday, and the corresponding cash price (collected later Wednesday or Thursday morning). Subtract the futures price from the cash price. • TO minimize the risk associated with achieving a Average the Wednesday basis calculations for each month target level of income. to arrive at the average monthly basis level.

34 WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2017 • Seasonal price patterns; and • The current price outlook. A marketing plan should result in a road map that lays out specific objectives. If an objective is satis- fied, the producer made an excellent marketing decision regardless of what happens to prices later. It also establishes informed criteria for bas- ing storage decisions and identifies exactly how much risk a producer is willing to tolerate. Fortenbery’s website at markets.cahnrs.wsu.edu has years AgroLiquid Offers of marketing data from locations around the state that producers can PNDSA Members a Rebate on look through, chart and compare. High-Efficiency Crop Nutrients

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WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2017 35 WL FEATURE

Editor’s Note: The Washington State Patrol has feet wide (up to 20 feet). One pilot/escort with published several brochures related to com- a height measuring device must precede the mercial vehicles and farm implements and farm implement when the height exceeds transportation. We will have links to those 15 feet. brochures on our website at A letter to the Motor Carrier wheatlife.org. This is only a partial Services office is also required listing of the rules and regula- Rules listing counties of travel, per- tions governing agricultural mit start date—quarterly and commercial vehicles. or annual—and farmer or For more information, read- dealer name. ers can search the Washington of the Administrative Code (WAC) at A commercial oversize apps.leg.wa.gov/WAC/ or contact permit is required when a piece of their local port of entry. road equipment is: • More than 20 feet wide; With snow-covered fields and most large farming equipment tucked away for • More than 16 feet high; and the winter, it might seem like a strange time • More than 70 feet in length. to discuss some of the Washington State Patrol Full details of the requirements and a brochure (WSP) transportation guidelines farmers need to be can be found at wsp.wa.gov/traveler/cvd.htm or at aware of. But before you know it, summer will be here WAC 468-38-290 or by calling the Commercial Vehicle with harvest just around the corner and making sure Services at (360) 704-6340. you and your drivers comply with the rules of the road RCW 46.44.041 Maximum Gross Weights— is one thing you can check off your harvest to-do list Wheelbase and Axle Factors. No vehicle or combination early. of vehicles shall operate upon the public highways of We asked Linda Powell, a WSP commercial vehicle this state with a gross load on any single axle in excess enforcement officer for more than 27 years, to answer of 20,000 pounds or upon any group of axles in excess of some questions for Wheat Life. Powell currently oversees that set forth on the table in RCW 46.44.041 (at app.leg. the two ports of entry on the west side of the state and wa.gov/RCW), except that two consecutive sets of tandem is the facilities coordinator for the 53 scales and weigh axles may carry a gross load of 34,000 pounds each, if the sites throughout the state. Prior to working for the WSP, overall distance between the first and last axles of such she was a commercial vehicle owner/operator for five consecutive sets of tandem axles is thirty-six feet or more. years. Are there any transportation rule/restriction changes for What are the most important Washington state transpor- 2017 that farmers need to pay special attention to? tation rules and restrictions farmers need to be aware of There haven’t been any changes for 2017. when moving grain, fertilizer or farm equipment? What kind of training or licenses do drivers who are WAC 468-38-290 Farm Implements. A farm implement is defined as a device that directly affects the regularly moving grain or other farm goods or equipment production of agricultural products, including fertilizer need? and chemical applicator apparatus (including auxiliary There is no official training required, but we would equipment). The equipment must be: hope that the drivers have a working knowledge of their • Less than 65,000 pounds; equipment. They should understand the rules of the road and the weight limitations for the vehicle or combination • Less than 20 feet wide; of vehicles and farm equipment they are operating. • Not more than 16 feet high. Do any of the rules or restrictions change during harvest? • Overall length less than 70 feet; and Some of the rules relax between Feb. 1 and Nov. 30. • Air-filled rubber tires or solid rubber tracks that are During this time of year, covered farm vehicles as de- nondamaging to public highways. fined in Title 49 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations Farm implement permits are required on state high- (CFR) 390.5 that are transporting agricultural products ways for towed, hauled or self-propelled farm machin- are exempt from most of the regulations under MAP 21. ery loads more than 14 feet in height (up to 16 feet) or 16 MAP 21 exempts farm-covered vehicles from CFR Part

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382- Drug and Alcohol Testing; Part ness across state lines, what do they need to be aware of? 383- CDL; Part 391-Medical cards; They are required to have proof of a fuel use permit when coming back into Part 395- Hours of Service; and Part Washington. That permit can be in the form of a three-day temporary permit or 396- Equipment Files and Annual an International Fuel Tax Agreement (IFTA) permit. Inspections within a 150 air-mile radius for vehicles more than 26,000 If a farmer isn’t sure if a rule or restriction applies to them, where is the best gross vehicle weight or gross vehicle place to get more information? weight rating and nationwide for ve- They should call their local port of entry. The Spokane port is at (509) 838-9400 hicles 26,000 and under. They are not and the Plymouth port is at (509) 734-7043. exempt from equipment standards, What do you wish farmers knew about the WSP and the job they do, especially in weight limits and oversize-load requirements. The Federal Highway Eastern Washington? Administration has published some We want them to get their harvest in as much as they do. For everyone’s pro- questions and answers that are tection, we want to help ensure it is done in the safest manner to protect lives available online. If anyone has any and infrastructure. questions specific to their situation, they should contact a port of entry. The CFR can be found online at ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/ECFR. Now with Planetary What is a standard checklist farmers Drive can use in preparation for harvest and moving grain and equipment? • Prepare for the season by con- ducting a thorough inspection of all equipment for any defects that may cause delays later. Part of that process is making sure the drivers know what to look for so they can report defects that need repair before an officer discovers it or before it causes an accident. • Make sure the fire extinguisher and triangles are in the vehicle. NEW NITRO 6500 SERIES The highest standard for power to the ground performance. • Make sure the registration and insurance cards are current and in the vehicles. REVOLUTIONARY PROPULSION SYSTEM • GREATER TORQUE AT ALL SPEEDS • FULL TIME TRACTION CONTROL • Are your drivers required to The all-new Miller NITRO 6500 features an • ELECTRONIC CRUISE CONTROL innovative electronically controlled twin • PROGRAMMABLE SPEED RANGES adjust their own brakes? If so, hydrostatic Sauer Danfoss pump system with • INTEGRATED SPEED LIMITING electronically controlled variable displacement • ANTI-STALL FEATURE make sure they know what piston drive motors and Farifield Torque-Hub® they’re doing. planetary final drives. POWER WHEN YOU NEED IT • Make sure you have your trucks The new propulsion system is seamlessly Powered by a proven Cummins® QSL 8.9L turbo integrated to provide optimum drive performance. diesel with 380 (400 peak) horse power. marked with your farm or com- Your Miller NITRO Dealer in the West pany name and U.S. Department YourPlease Miller call NITRO877-253-WEST Dealer in (9378) the West or of Transportation number Please callGreg 887-253-WEST at 541-786-1000 (9378) or Greg at 541-786-1000 (vehicles operating on the farm Calvin 541-377-9378 sales 1201010200 Wallowa Wallowa Lake Lake Highway Highway 84083 Alpine84083 Ln Alpine Ln 378 Briar Place 378 Briar206 Place W Main St Q sticker are exempt from this La Grande,La Grande, OR OR 97850 97850 Joseph, Joseph,OR 97846 OR 97846Belgrade, MT 59714Belgrade, Dayton, MT 59714 WA 99328 rule). 541-963-9378 541-432-9378 406-388-2335 509-382-3022 For farmers that regularly do busi-

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Harvest may be long over, but discussions about quality issues that plagued the 2016 crop haven’t fallen silent. Just the facts The Agricultural Marketing and Management AMMO WORKSHOP SERVES AS A ONE-STOP- Organization (AMMO) tackled falling numbers— LEARNING SHOP FOR FALLING NUMBER ISSUE causes, testing and impacts on flour quality and marketing—in its first workshop of 2017 last month. Using By Trista Crossley experts from several different fields, the session served as a one-stop shop for all things falling numbers (FN).

CAUSES OF LOW FN Camille Steber, a molecular geneticist with apples and oranges because the two traits are the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) disconnected and need to be independently Agricultural Research Service (ARS), reviewed selected for during breeding. the genetic causes of low FN: Steber listed other factors that might affect • Preharvest sprout, which is germination FN: of the mature grain induced by cool, rainy • Starch properties. Waxy wheat tends to be conditions occurring before harvest; and more susceptible to low FN. • Late maturity alpha-amylase (LMA), which • Protein. Higher protein tends to produce is induced by sudden temperature swings higher FN. within 25 to 35 days after pollen shedding. • Fungicides. Initial research indicates that At the root of both causes is an enzyme, in disease-resistant varieties, fungicides alpha-amylase, that is normally activated seem to have no significant effect on FN. during germination to help grain sprout. The enzyme works by cleaving starch chains to • Storage. Some literature suggests that provide fuel for the sprouting seed, but in the storing moderately low FN wheat at higher process, degrades the starch and causes qual temperatures can increase FN, but Steber cautioned growers against unrealistic ex ity problems in baked goods. - pectations. In two studies that she used as- Low FN due to preharvest sprouting has examples, one study stored grain for three long been a problem, and one of Steber’s months at 100 degrees F or 60 degrees F. research goals is to find the balance between The grain stored at 100 degrees showed a dormancy, which offers resistance to prehar 50 second increase in the FN score, but no vest sprout, and emergence, which calls for - increase in the grain stored at 60 degrees. activating the alpha-amylase so the grain can In another study, grain stored for five begin sprouting. months showed an increase of 25 seconds “Dormancy and emergence are two sides of at 73 degrees and a 35 second increase at the same coin,” she explained. “If we select for 95 degrees. higher dormancy so that we don’t get pre “The message is, once it gets cold outside, harvest sprouting, you get poor emergence - home storage may not help you. Most of or uneven emergence of the seedlings. When the increase you are going to see is going to we select for good yield, often we are select be while the temperatures are higher,” she ing against seed dormancy and preharvest - said. “The other thing you need to know is sprouting tolerance.” that storage doesn’t seem to help once fall In the 2016 harvest, growers experienced ing numbers get very low, either because - both causes of low FN, sometimes in the same there is already damage to the starch or field. Steber said from a genetic standpoint, because there is so much alpha-amylase comparing these two causes is like comparing that you can’t wait it out.”

40 WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2017 FEATURE WL

IMPACT ON FLOUR QUALITY Another USDA-ARS employee, Craig Morris, a supervisory research chemist who directs the Western Wheat Quality Lab on the Washington State University (WSU) campus, tackled the effects low FN has on flour quality. While some alpha-amylase is desirable in bread (it converts starch to sugars to feed the yeast), the same can’t be said for cakes and cookies. Morris used slides showing samples of sponge cakes- to illustrate how flours with different FN performed. The cakes made with low FN flours were re duced in volume and the tops of the cakes had caved in. “Alpha-amylase and sprout harm different products to a different degree, but unlike bread, it’s never good. It may have a small effect or a large effect, but it’s always a bad thing,” he explained. It only takes a few sprouted kernels to make an impact. Morris talked about a study done at the University of Idaho where researchers took one sprouted kernel and mixed it with 2,600 sound kernels. That one sprouted kernel was enough to make the resulting flour’s FN score drop by 100 points. And unlike protein, it is very difficult to blend low FN wheat with high FN wheat to make it work better. And it’s not just baking quality that is affected by low FN wheat. The amount of flour- that can be produced is also reduced, typically by 3 to 5 percent, which could cost millers thou sands of dollars a day. “You have to use more wheat to get the same amount of flour out of your mill,” Morris said. “Not only are you producing flour that may not make your customers happy, but your actual milling operation is really suffering.” Morris also talked about some of the studies the wheat quality lab undertook during harvest last year when reports of low FN started to surface. He and a group of colleagues used samples- from the Federal Grain Inspection Service and from WSU’s variety testing program. The experi ments included: • Does removal of the bran affect the amount of alpha-amylase in the flour? They found that the resulting flour had less of the enzyme but it was still present. “You can’t mill away alpha- amylase once it is in the grain,” Morris said. • Is the stirring number test better than the falling number test currently used to measure FN? The stirring number test was developed in Australia specifically to measure sprout damage at the first point of grain receival, such as an elevator. Morris’s tests showed that there was very little one-to-one correspondence between the results of the stirring number test vs. the Hagberg-Perten test, and the stirring number test may be better used simply as a segregation tool. “I can’t judge which one is better, but they don’t agree with each other,” he explained. • How does low FN flour affect different baked goods? The tests showed that low moisture/high sugar/high fat products, such as cookies, showed only a small effect. They also baked sponge- cakes, but had some surprising results. In short, they didn’t see as much of the classic struc tural problems they were expecting. “Our operating hypothesis is that a lot of 2016’s low FN was the result of LMA, and I don’t know that we have the historical knowledge base on LMA to really know what it is doing to our product quality like we have with preharvest sprout,” Morris explained, adding that some of the differences between the sponge cake tests could be due to genetics, not to mention that there might be different groups of enzymes or proteins in play with LMA and preharvest sprout. “I think what we are seeing is probably an overlay of genetics, environment, LMA and sprout.”

WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2017 41 WL FEATURE

going to be normal, was in the Walla Walla area where we got a hard red winter sample around 220, and there TESTING FOR ALPHA-AMYLASE was no rain,” Potts said. “To us, that was impossible. We Much of the FN discussion has centered on the test didn’t know about LMA, we just knew about sprout. No that is used to measure low falling numbers, with some areas got rained on. The wheat itself was gorgeous… growers questioning its precision and reliability. Don to see a falling number like that, you can usually tell Potts, the Eastern Washington regional manager of the coming in the door what the falling number (is going Washington State Department of Agriculture’s (WSDA) to be).” grain inspection program, and Austin Danielson, a Potts said for each batch of kernels they receive, WSDA grain inspector, brought one of their Hagberg- they run two tests and average the two scores. If the Perten test machines to demonstrate how the test is two scores are more than five percentage points apart, run and explain the testing protocols they adhere to. the tests are rerun. They’ve taken out as much human Despite a few initial hiccups, Danielson was able to variability as they can by carefully detailing every step, run the test smoothly, while Potts answered growers’ weighing amounts at every step and automating every questions. step they can. They’ve even gone so far as to detail In a normal harvest, Potts said the Eastern how the slurry should be scraped from the sides of the Washington offices (Spokane, Colfax and Pasco) would test tubes. run about 8,500 FN tests; since the 2016 harvest began, “For us, it is the only test that is available, and we they have run approximately 22,000 samples through take it very seriously,” he said. the test. “Our first indication that it (the 2016 harvest) wasn’t

VARIETY SELECTION AND LOW FN falling number information from his own variety trials. Ryan Higginbotham, a WSU Extension specialist By averaging plots that clocked in with FN scores below who runs the cereal variety testing program, addressed 300, he came up with a percentage ranking for each ways farmers can manage risk by picking wheat variet - variety. Higginbotham warned the group that this was ies that might be less prone to low FN. his unscientific assessment of a variety’s risk for low FN “Can you plant something that’s less prone to low and that farmers should look at the data and make their falling numbers? Everybody knows environment plays own conclusions. a role. You are less likely to have low falling numbers “It just depends on how much risk you are willing if you don’t have rain or you don’t have these tem - to take,” he said, adding that there was no statistical perature swings. It is the environment, yes, but there’s analysis involved in his summaries. He also suggested genetics that are interacting in that environment. So it that there are other variety selection criteria to look at. takes a combination of both,” he explained. “There might be varieties that are very high risk but Some of the ways Higginbotham said farmers can are also very high reward, or they might be low risk manage risk through planting selections include: but are not a good fit for your area. There might be a • Don’t plant your whole farm to one variety; variety that has never had a falling number below 300 • Plant varieties of different maturity; but it’s not going to yield worth a darn in the Palouse. So there are other things to consider besides just falling • Plant varieties that seem to be less prone to low FN. numbers. You have to factor in other issues.” To look for varieties that show some resistance Higginbotham hasn’t made his tables available to low FN, Higginbotham took results from Steber’s online, but farmers interested in looking at them can website (steberlab.org) where she has four years of email him at [email protected].

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LOW FN FROM A MARKETER’S POINT OF VIEW Carolyn Hotchkiss, a grain merchant from United Grain Corporation (UGC) in Vancouver, Wash., said that since July of 2016, 18 percent of the soft white wheat (SWW) barges UGC has unloaded have had falling num - bers below 300 with the lowest being 255. Thirty-two percent have been between 300 and 320 (also known as scratch 300), while 50 percent have been above 330. “FN issues are difficult for exporters to work through,” she said. “We are susceptible to the same tests everybody else is. Those 32 percent of the barges I unloaded that were scratch 300, we all know that when it retests, it can test at under 300 the second time around. This creates a need for supplemental, higher falling number wheats laying around in case I get into trouble on loading vessels.” Hotchkiss explained that reinspected barges that get a second, higher FN score still get binned with their original grade—especially important for those that graded below 300 because “…if it graded it once, it can grade it again, and we can’t take the risk when loading boats of having a grade below what we expect in-house.” Hotchkiss said UGC has some procedures in place to help mitigate low FN wheat with knowing ahead of time what’s coming down from the elevators being the most important. When they have a shipment of low FN wheat, they have to plan to: • Have a supplement supply of better quality wheat available; • Have a vessel that can accommodate the shipment; and • Have the time and space to babysit the lot.

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CLOSING REMARKS Alex McGregor, president of The McGregor Company, closed out the workshop, lauding efforts by the Pacific Northwest wheat industry to address the FN issue, through meetings with state and - federal agencies, increased research funding and a search for better testing methods. “All of us who raise wheat, whether impacted by the luck of the draw, need a better measuring system for the future,” he said. “My personal goal ever since we met here back in early September with Rep. Cathy McMorris Rodgers, Farm Service Agency leader Judy Olsen, WSDA Director Derek Sandison, State Rep. Mary Dye, association and commission leaders, grain inspection profession als and university researchers has been to encourage all of us to get something done and to make sure the issue doesn’t fade from attention as we move onto a new year’s crop.” McGregor called out the partnership between the Washington Grain Commission and the Washington State Department of Agriculture that is seeking an increase in research funding from the Agricultural Research Service and working with the Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration to improve existing protocols. He also touched on the issue of the Risk Management Agency (RMA) implementing quality discounts that can impact a producer’s actual production history even if no claim is filed. The Washington Association of Wheat Growers is working with other states to change the way RMA - applies quality discounts. McGregor ended his comments by talking about the importance of pulling together to win the - battle against low FN. He asked attendees to be ready, when the call comes, to mount a grassroots effort towards a new and improved system of testing for FN. “We’ve got a record of pulling together and getting things done. It’s a proven, time-honored re cord of WSU, agencies, associations, growers and local agricultural businesses working together. It dates back to 100 years ago when wheat growers went to the Pullman campus and urged profes sors to get some time out of the classroom and help us bring science down out of the skies and hitch it to our plows. Today, our plows may be in fencerows, but our tradition of pulling together to get results is stronger than ever,” he concluded.

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WHEAT LIFE WHEAT By Mike Miller By Mike Our asset biggest as an industry is trust. takes And it A relationship built trust on emotion can overcome then. was That the When plants were Washington GE are the not that only people in raiseWe the wheat Our choices. Maybe point is customers simple. have My has that in a system the place WGC Fortunately, ity entities, control milling and baking and executives governmental officials bothdomestic foreign. and relationshipongoing building keep to it. that both allows crops coexist to and keeps our customer effort continues That today. happy. last example. my and facilitate international Here’s trade. know a nonregulated re was you of event Most GE previous A find inported in in Washington state 2016. locked the up industryin Oregon weeks. 2013 In for that the Animalearlier event, and Health Plant Inspection no was There us out. shut largely people Service (APHIS) information our to give customers. to and Fear anxiety thewere norm, and there near was panic overseas. discovered, the Washington Grain Commission insisted that that to customers held on, and be contacted we early afterposition throughout, even an intense meeting with concurred, They and the result as was optimalUSW. as through APHIS went their for. discovery hope could one process with greater transparency; communication was good domestically and with the embassies; overseas test kits distributed the were for detection event to a new of Agricultural Research and USDA’s customers right away; enlisted genotyping was WSU copious Service’s at lab for amounts testing. of result this of The transparency was panic, market no lost no share fear, no market stability, and a continuing relationship built trust. on Australia has a researchworld. program that is among the has Soviet former Union what best. figured The out is, and breeder Ukrainea plant is poised become one to the quality of of largest in producers the wheat world. Canada already has suffers good quality but at wheat, times from transportation issues. Portland Meanwhile, has deficiencies as a some port, among them marginal draft, issues unpredictable labor and expensive bar and requirements. navigation river lesstheir expensive, as high quality it’s as ours, but isn’t access to easier and that less not functional. much those years, 60 prioritizes nearly us of For the customer. very hard build to relation worked have serve you who found ships with customers a personal on We’ve level. usthat access provides the to industry highest of level freight purchasers, buyers, decision makers, wheat qual - - - - Not long after, we invited a team we the after, to long Columbia Not Through the collective effort the of commission, Long-lasting businessrelationships that yield repeated the to Exhibit us of A group recently A: traveled urg Associates’ our Wheat partner (USW) At U.S. and cat play to going I’m another example? Want Since starting these columns in February 2015, I have hired I have hired February in 2015, these columns starting Since ing, the Grain Federal Inspection Service the of U.S. Department Agriculture of people fly to engaged was the investigate the andto incident an set country, up in a solution. and implemented gated resolution. Basin personally to witness the problem’s actuallyThey came twice in summer—first one to see inthe the problem and field to then see the remedy. inworking concert with University Washington State and shippers a rotational and growers, crop(WSU) that industry the for wheat problem posed a huge have could continues be to safely grown a solution in the Basin. It’s benefit to both partiesbenefit more are than transactional. usually based trust. on isThey’re putting Trust the other engaging him interest in own. It’s your front of guy’s in his environment, his on terms, listening his to issues and responding that his and in promotes agenda a way his his to solves problems satisfaction. Thisis the the way trade approaches Washington Grain Commission (WGC) with all our partners. the are, respectively, They Philippines, and Korea. Japan three Northwest softwhite largest customers Pacific of are They our is accident. no That in thewheat world. engage leading customers because part the of WGC’s trust. is about ment During our servicing trade we trip, thanheard an of more where incident 50 kilos metal of filingsThat’s foundwere of Northwest. a in out cargothe pounds steel and of iron. ambivalent The thanmore 110 the not that’s But happens.” “stuff might say, supplier keep to a customer. way Inspection any other before loaded. ships protocol were cost the it wondering, the owner of cargo ship case you’re repairs. for and wait sit to a day $35,000 about important our to customermouse here because that it’s this which has be kept problem, already been solved, a rotational there’s to it say, Suffice down. theon low crop grown which with is an wheat considered allergen linked illnesses to death—and and was even it of some getting with met officials cargoes. We into wheat and flour millers in the affected investi camehome, country, out several to guest writers. Here’s WGC Dana Commissioner several guest to Here’s writers. out near dear heart. and my to a subject about Herron writing 50 WASHINGTON GRAIN COMMISSION WHEAT LIFE 145 has but hovered pounds, around 113 in recent pounds years. average of 1.6 year. per pounds Per potato intake capita in 1996 peaked at potato consumption year period, an has duringper decreased the 20-year News have hit the hardest accordingpotatoes among been Baking to & Milling trends all on areworse. Diet plant-based having but starches, an impact 133 in 2015 pounds itcould but have been expected, slippage with more Per consumption capita 147 from of wheat decreased in 1997 pounds to Difficult for wheat, worse for potatoes teach who educators in the classrooms. wouldn’t asuccess be of the WGC of the and the skill the backing without and is the program ateam said but recognized, effort todous honor be itwas atremen She said Week the Wheat program. developed District, agriculture. Kaelber, Kara education director for the Franklin Conservation Feb.Forum held 7to 9. award The is intended to recognize excellence in Farm presentation of Spokane at occurred the opening The Incorporated. of the Agribusiness Council with the support of Greater Spokane Directors of Excellence Board in Agriculture Ag Award Expo the Spokane from and river systems navigation received the 2016 wheat, on energy based across five the state for days to teachwatersheds, learning about concepts classrooms and fifth-grade which placesprogram into educators fourth- the Washington Week, Wheat Commission Grain (WGC)-sponsored Week’sWheat Kaelber recognized O’Quinn. Shelly Commissioner County Spokane and Condon David Mayor Spokane by award the presented was She Week. Wheat with work her for Ag Expo Spokane the at Award 2016 Agriculture in the (center) awarded Excellence was Kaelber Kara . While wheat flour wheat. While flour consumptionon declined average by pounds 0.7

MARCH 2017 - decisions. Go todecisions. the data. steberlab.org for Go and locations to aid growers in their planting responses to PHSvarietal across and LMA years of thisPart work was to establish of adatabase thanmore $235,000 over the last three years. related work falling to number the tune of PHS funding has and LMA- The WGC been Even so, alot of work is already underway. toincrease solve the issue. research capacity of Agriculture. Additional is funding critical to the Westernfrom Caucus of the State Directors in addressing the issue also support gained and atthe ARS the legislative level. Sandison Service, officialsGrain attheFederal Inspection with meeting played akey in the effort, role has Sandison Derek Director Agriculture Washington said. he of State Department relegate PHS to and LMA burner,” the back is goal to solutions find The and Northwest. of the outside problems also can be and LMA recognizing to thaton provide backing, PHS Growers of Wheat haveAssociation also signed such Associates Wheat as and the National U.S. delegation,Northwest national organizations to address the issue the among support only is not “There bylines caused PHS and LMA. bottom to farmers’ impact unprecedented an have and Idaho Oregon shown in the face of Washington, the cooperation praised the WGC, Squires,tions CEO Glen in the three states. of also includes growerissue. effort associa The commissioner Dana Herron, to address the by WGC headed acommittee, sions formed three state commis The to PHS both and LMA. (NIFA) issues to grants address quality related and National Institute and Agriculture of Food (ARS) funding Agricultural Service Research increased through dollars research federal in boost substantial a seeking are states three thisswath of the PacificNorthwest year. The and related discountsnumbers across awide these resulted phenomenon in lower falling alpha-amylaselate (LMA). maturity Both of (PHS) and sprout to preharvest solutions wheat commissionsOregon to ensure help working in concertbeen with the Idaho and WashingtonThe Commission Grain has (WGC) cooperation rising but Falling numbers

- - WASHINGTON GRAIN COMMISSION 51 WL , MARCH 2017 MARCH

WGC REVIEWWGC WHEAT LIFE WHEAT Extension plant pathologist at Washington State University, University, State Extension pathologist Washington plant at cause to such are year this conditions the believe doesn’t a is Anoxia Washington. Eastern in problems widespread phenomenon substantial of on when top occurs falls rain that a melt soil underneath. The frozen with causing cover snow between collectswater layer and a thick in snow soil and the oxygen. of from notfreezes, die lack plants to There’s causing but grains, small in or documentation for this literature of a lot it can be a big problem for golfmanagers course where it can need the and death reseed, complete to in especially onresult farmers need mostgreens. “I Eastern think Washington don’t worryto be some could there although about localized this, deep have don’t problems. areas Most wheat-growing the of said. be Murray to a problem,” for this cover enough snow Deep breath Murray wheat plants, can suffocate but Tim ice and Snow - - - - Listen while work you Wheat All About It!, the Washington Grain podcast, Commission-sponsored episode About passedWheat All its It!, recently 10th Washington the on the way to 52 for the year. In Episode 6 called, “Judy Olson, 30 years of leadership,” Scott Yates, director Scott Yates, leadership,” of years Olson, 30 6 called, Episode In “Judy for year. the 52 to on way the of communications and producer relations, reminisces with Olson with about her career included reminisces stints which at relations, producer and communications of wagrains.org to download About for or podcasts. the to stream Wheat All wagrains.org Search They be can also iTunes. found at Washington Agriculture Forestry Education Foundation answering questions at a media training. Go to training. media a at questions answering Foundation Forestry Education Agriculture Washington It! Subscribe on iTunes and new episodes will automatically be pushed to your phone be week. your pushed each to episodes new and automatically will on Subscribe It! iTunes prediction for the coming spring, summer and fall in Eastern Washington, but also for a segment on Class 39 of the of 39 for but a segment also on Class prediction Eastern fall and in Washington, spring, summer for coming the the Farm Service Agency, as an aide to Sen. to aide Patty Association Wheat an of Service as National the of president as and Agency, Murray Farm the falling numbers. Episode 10 is called is “The numbers.falling Elements 10 Episode Speak,” both for long-range meteorologist Art Douglas’ weather the organizer and Camille Steber, the Agricultural Research Service scientist who taught a Wheat Academy class on Service class Research a Wheat who Academy taught Agricultural the scientist Steber, Camille and organizer the three Northwestthree interviews and experts. participants event, the at called Wheat the Academy,” 9 is “Going Episode to Episode 8, “Soil pH: How low can you afford to go?,” investigates agriculture’s “master variable” in conversations with conversations variable”in “master agriculture’s investigates 8,Episode to go?,” “Soil afford pH: can you low How Association Wheat of Growers. 7 interviews Episode two Wheat the of Foods Tim links O’Conner chain, grain the in about products wheat promoting Council Campbell wheat. U.S. of about Shawn and white Wheat Associates hard Growers and the Washington Association started Wheat of Growers. it all And a county Washington at the and meetingGrowers Washington the of

tired at the end of 2016. In second place is the Washington Washington the is second In place end the 2016. of at tired Otto, University variety, released Arron (WSU) by State The University Oregon single-gene State Carter 2011. in continues ORCF-102, variety, resistant Clearfield herbicide 208,608 3 at No. in strength But acres. an coming show to ies are planted on nearly 65 percent of the acres. Topping Topping acres. the of percent on nearly 65 planted ies are for present 248,000 retirement at list the a nice and acres John Moffattis SY a varietywheat Ovation, the longtime Moffattre released 2012. in breeder for AgriPro/Syngenta atwo-gene CL+, Curiosity Clearfieldother WSU’s offering, strength showing is Gill, variety Kulvinder by released Xerpha, a is five Rounding acres. out top the 144,675 at variety Of variet 22 downward. top the trending is which rest the with coming from companies private were ies, 10 Northwest’sfrom Pacific the threeland-grant universities. more with dominate to varieties, Bruehl club In continues in planted acres club 252,395 the of acres 188,000 than the of top the at is Keldin class, red winter hard the In 2016. Soft acres. 99,101 at acreage the of percent takingheap 37 a WestBred/Monsanto had WB6121, acres spring white 53,712 at Louise by 1 followed theoffering, in position, No. The firstred spring hard four varieties Divaand 37,158. at 1 Glee No. with acreage the of at percent 69 command 35,037 at WB9518 Expresso acres; 39,464 acres; at 41,848 The acres. full survey can be 31,966 at Kelse and acres; on the Click wagrains.org. at website found on WGC the farmers Growers and then and on Education top the tab at Services.

Of soft part 22 the as varieties listed winter the of white variet five top the Wheat Variety Survey, Washington 2016 Varieties vary, but not by a lot by not but vary, Varieties 52 WASHINGTON GRAIN COMMISSION WL WHEAT LIFE million and FMD bill. to farm funding $69 million in the next that as aconstituent, you want increased to MAP funding to $400 see tives and senators’ offices.Tell them trade promotion and is important, to make adifference to wheat your industry?Call representa your U.S. $2.1 of income net farm in Want increase average annual billion. an and investmenton of $24 $1 every for market foreign on spent development bill. Studies 2002farm show and 2014, that between there was areturn MAP andlion $69 for of million the next FMD for in as part phased to be mil $400 groups aretion and pushThe seeking additional for funding. promo believe the time has come to the retrenchment stop in export groups the two said he Coalition to Promote Agricultural U.S. Exports, Agribusiness Coalition Foreign with the for Along Market Development. Steve Mercer, vice president communications for at USW, of the is part have cuts er by 15 almost their current reduced budgets percent. have increased by 30 percent. and oth Instead, been sequestration to keep up with inflation sinceMAP and then, funding should FMD FMD hasover fluctuated time, their last occurredincrease in 2002.Just than 20 to other allocated organizations. Although the money MAP and USW and more istered, $34.5 million that fund also supports Market (FMD) Development is program asimilarly admin Foreign The buyers. with foreign production sent farmers’ repre organizations 70 agricultural other nearly and (USW) Associates Wheat that U.S. helps Foreign Agricultural Service of Agriculture’sadministered Department by the U.S. market development program a $200 million export Marketto the refers first Access The should. Program (MAP), MAP and FMD may to notanything mean you, they but Trading up the country’s president, Park Geun-hye, recently impeached the country’s president, Park recently Geun-hye, impeached KoreaSouth of intense is through going aperiod turmoilwith people tough Tough times, WGC REVIEW

MARCH 2017 for benefitting her good friend in an alleged in an friend alleged good her benefitting for influencepeddling scheme. scandalThe has not only ensnarednot only the president, also but South Korea’s best-known conglomer ates, including Samsung. The charge charge The Samsung. including ates, is that Park helped her friend extract extract is friend her that Park helped president stays in office. donations from companies, some of which were used for personal of which personal were for used was the No. 3 purchaser of soft white white was the No. 3purchaser of soft In 2015/16,expenses. Korea South has until June to decide whether the has until the whether to June decide wheat from the Pacific Northwest, the Pacificwheat from Northwest, Korea’s Constitutional Court, which Korea’s which Court, Constitutional impeachment is now before South impeachment South is now before 533,000taking tons. metric Park’s ------and packaged foods in 2015. foods and packaged Costco, of organic produce $4 billion which worth sold is in the U.S. nowretailer Issaquah, Washington-based organic the largest mance It’s believed in adecade. perfor worst its Foods recently reported and Whole than more for 53 sales, percent organic of U.S. food Today, town. in responsible are retailers market mass supermarket wasgame the only (high-cost) high-end store, interest,organicsfringe first were a and the its the Austin, when Texas-based Foods opened Whole ago years Thirty-six general. in to organics happening out-produce guy. the little similar Something has been larger orchardsdidn’t take before long caught to on it But producer to the small-scale for survive. enough in organic in money those days, early apples good producinggrowers organically. started was There were of the first commodities Apples one Washington go mainstream Organics Oregon dropped 20,000 acres to 700,000. 20,000 dropped Oregon acres to and 730,000, 30,000 dropped Idaho winter wheat acreage is down, however, as as of the fall 2016—1.7 million acres. Northwest amount of acreage planted in of the fall 2015 white) is the trend with soft the same is bucking WashingtonEastern of which (the majority vast $106 million in 2009/10. Winter wheat acreage in in LDPs the previous record eclipsed outlay of the $110 In fact, winterred farmers. million paid throughmade of 2016 the end were to hard Payments (LDP) of Loan Deficiency the majority thanmore amillion acres. It is accident no that high prices about curing adage high old The Trading down? prices works the other way aroundprices in that works winter wheat plantings are down by by down are plantings wheat winter alone winter red Hard acres. million dropped 3.3 million acres. In Kansas, million acres. In Kansas, 3.3 dropped 10 percent 2016/17 from to 32.4 low prices cure low prices too by to Economic the Research to grown acreage the shrinking less profitable crops. lessAccording profitable in 108 years 2017/18, for down Service of the U.S. Department Department of the U.S. Service seeding is at the lowest seeding level of Agriculture,of winter wheat - WASHINGTON GRAIN COMMISSION 53 WL - - - - - MARCH 2017 MARCH

WGC REVIEWWGC WHEAT LIFE WHEAT

- Soft often is wheat sweet the as of white be wheat thought its of productscause in use satisfy that craving consumers’ class the haunt back to come eventually That may for sugar. sweet diet new the demon, is but for sugar now, that given sales dollar pastry/doughnut the in goods hot. 2016, In are the category Meanwhile, billion. $4.9 4.8 up to were percent subcategory cakes $2 earned nearly pastry/Danish/coffee sales in forbillion period, the year the 4.5 up over percent prior. Good, for now, Good, now, for sugar inbut the crosshairs Saturday feature called Saturday Journal’s Rumble Seat Street Wall ing bull bearing down on you.” Although the tractor the Although be will sold bearing bull ing U.S, the in on down you.” it was primarily aimed European the at is and Austria, Valentine, designed St. in built and emissions and noise agricultural EU with it fully Not compliant onlymarket. is a maneuverabilityradius, European restrictions, turning that a tight with it comes of cost the includes Rumble Seat Ordinarily, prize. farmers parcels who small work $285,000. around at in but comes tested, Optum, the not which vehicles Rocky, but steady consumption but Rocky, Northwest’s one Pacific the as of get doesn’t Thailand press of a lot mostimpor The automobiles including vehicles of manner all evaluates 500 Lexus the LC like $100,000 more than cost that more as well as Prototype Levante, Maserati the and But a LaCrosse. Buick the cars like conventional a first. was the reviewed NeilIt column Dan recent CVX,Case IH Optum 270 named tractor recently of farm of a group implement journalists. by year the Range liter Rover” a 6.7 with it a “Gulliver-sized Calling set gear auto and turbo clutch dual dieselengine, Neil itsaid rear, andthe in front lockingmated differentials a fight like gaze, aesthetics. headlight fierce excellent “Thus, has also Optum’s the softtant the customers, wheat over but white Through it is. a series upheavals of beNorthwest’sto Pacific the fifth country the years, few continued last has most and important 2015/16 soft in taking metric tons importer, wheat 180,000 white Thai the military behind 2014, user wheat second the Japan. largest May In club is October In 2016, day. this elected the to overthrew charge in is and government longest serving been He died. had world’s the Adulyadej King Bhumibol Thailand’s son, Vajiralongkorn king his current is Thailand’s 1946. since reigning head state, of Bodindradebayavarangkun. The king a is highly revered figure in Thailand and longU.S. in prison time. Wheat can result him anything of saying critical remotely train delivering in (UFM) been (USW) has Mills Associates Flour working United with is baking Bangkok in for Thailand 40 in cooking and courses ing years. A UFM center sponsored USW a efforts.week teaching of two soft site the Recently, prodwheat ucts school the at course employees for flourfrom mill Myanmar. and Vietnam If Range a tractor made Rover - -

of ruralof track. expected The is glut last to to owing slumps, longer previous than parked in storageparked or in along stretches yards more oil going into pipelines than rather goingmore into oil America’s 1.6 million rail cars 1.6 America’s are now tank cars. Overall freight volume in 2016 tank cars.2016 in volume Overall freight cars chasing too little too cars freight. chasing A fifthof North

was down 6 percent, and lease rates have have rates lease and 6 percent, down was license to make money. Now, there’s too many many too there’s Now, money. make to license fallen by half for half tankfallen cars. by There a car when was a rail a time was owning . In a column there, Bovard there, a column . In

Over capacity, under utilization under Over capacity, ated more than 300 more responses, than online ated out that them of pointing many paper, on rich farmers are although worththeir tied As land. in up is one farmer from Iowa put it, “The lat the our farm of est places valuation million. $3 more than at value land less is investment Our return on that 2.5 than annual the than less percent, Net corporations. many of dividends the affluence,” equal worth doesn’t letter Better wrote. writer hope that gets message. that Congress is forearmed Bill Farm on 2018 the Discussions expectedare start to spring, this and while agricultural interests are opponents so are too up, gearing of federal farmers. to aid One foe such Jamesis Bovard, a libertarian who Street frequentlywrites for Wall the Journal assailed crop provisions, insurance “... is “insurance” word the contending sludge the continue a name to simply He handoutsof under guise.” a new U.S. the criticized Departmentalso of Program. Market Access Agriculture’s said, Bovard without subsidies, Even U.S. farmers are far more affluent Americans, other 2015 with than net worth farm household median gener column Bovard’s $827,307. of Forewarned Forewarned 54 WASHINGTON GRAIN COMMISSION WHEAT LIFE down and listens. Discussions of acooperator’s Discussions results down listens. and sits then and its performance describes variety the ing audience. offront the The company or breeder releas along table at behind the assemble attending sonnel Japan Korea represented. and were also Illinois. Ohio, from Colorado, states, but also those and Kansas January, from labs of were wheat managers there quality group’sMontana. At the Antonio, Texas, San in meeting Idaho, Oregon and Washington, even when including aracquetball. like feels and or doesn’tdough “bucks” uniformly that stretch bucky. and spread strong too a and Bucky describes medium and wheat, cracking ahard nice more like texture, nice dry dough, texture, fine and soft including: year this varieties on specific observations with section marketplace. the in acceptability their well as as potential performance industrial their understanding provide in ahead start to screened are The varieties to nine. one system from ascoring with ity overall acceptabil and performance end-product dough/batter, including parameters on three variety submitted relative of merits each the evaluating ayear meeting one annual their spends group breeders, the and bakers millers, Northwest. Pacific the in universities and panies by private released com being varieties of wheat many quality judgment on the explanatory, It boring. passes alittle if Council’s (PNW WQC) self- is name Yates ScottBy A. Passing judgment QUALITY MANAGERS TAKEQUALITY CENTER STAGE When it’s per to render judgment, quality time the PNW WQC of the much than The larger is footprint comment a include Evaluations Made up of growers, marketers, The Pacific Northwest WheatQuality

MARCH 2017 - - at the Pacific Northwest Wheat Quality Council’s annual meeting in San Antonio, Texas, in January. in Antonio, San in Texas, meeting annual Council’s Quality Wheat Northwest Pacific the at varieties wheat judge tohelp hand on were Korea in Milling SaJoDongaone of (right) Choi Yongseok and Milling, Flour Nisshin for group assurance and control quality of (center), manager Ishizuka Koji - - R W ASHINGT varieties being released today is amazing and not all of of not all and today amazing released is being varieties of number the said Commission, Grain Washington werethere dogs.” Hayley lab manager Butlerquality put it, “I’d bark if ities releases) average are to well above. Limagrain’s As variet the not does submit all and to choose gets versity year (and company each or this uni submitted varieties The then. puck.” since ahockey changed Alot has than “worse cookies making variety had asubmitted phrase of memorable a savaged One be meeting. at turn the and Syngenta. Oregon State University, WestBred/Monsanto Limagrain, StateWashington University, University of Idaho, the State Montana providers University, including different seven year, from were This seconds. 21 there varieties long acouple as be afew as as brief or as can minutes Dana Herron, who attended the meeting for the for the meeting who Herron, Dana attended the could A dozen ago, years variety apoorly performing EP ON GRAINC OR OMMISSION TS - - WGC REPORTS WL them can be screened by the Wheat Quality Council. That’s a real concern. On the other hand, he said it’s Limagrain scrubs launch refreshing to see private companies doing a better job Nobody applauded after the other breeders or com- of screening their varieties for quality. pany officials described their varieties’ performances “The council has accomplished its mission because during the Pacific Northwest Wheat Quality Council’s the message of the importance of quality releases is quality evaluation, so it was all the more noticeable getting through to everyone. Even at the grower level, when the room erupted into applause after Zak Gaines they are not accepting substandard quality,” he said. sat down. Gaines, technical and marketing manager for At the end of the day, domestic quality personnel Limagrain, had just announced that after bringing the uniformly gave the submitted wheat varieties high variety Silk all the way to the precipice of release, the scores. General Mills gave some individual varieties company was pulling the plug on its release because it a score of nine on the nine-point scale. Three varieties created an unacceptable risk to growers due to its poor came in with the best average score of 7.1. The lowest falling number performance. WASHINGTON COMMISSION GRAIN average was 5.8. But upwards of 90 percent of Eastern Washington wheat is exported, which is why overseas The company had been carefully evaluating the variety’s falling numbers over the last two years. Of the customers are invited to the event. 11 locations tested, none of them produced grain with This year, a representative of the Japanese Milling falling numbers more than 300 seconds. In 2016, Silk’s Association and manager of quality control and assur- falling number performance was even worse, with ance group for Nisshin Flour Milling, Koji Ishizuka, some locations coming in under 200 seconds. and Yongseok Choi of SaJoDongaone Milling in Korea “Even though we put together a marketing cam- were on hand to judge the varieties. Their quality paign and positioned seed, it would be irresponsible to evaluations were uniformly lower, but the reasons for release a variety knowing it had that kind of Achilles’ this became apparent. heel,” Gaines said during an interview after his presen- Domestic quality labs ordinarily use a cookie test as tation. “Based on the feedback from the industry and the proxy of end-use quality in soft white wheat. The farmers, it was an unacceptable risk for us.” Japanese and Koreans, however, both measured qual- The fact it was Limagrain dropping the variety at the ity in the class by baking sponge cakes. In the case of last minute was not lost on Gaines’ audience of quality- the Japanese, sponge cakes would ordinarily include oriented university and private-company personnel. a 20 percent club wheat blend. For the Koreans, it The company, which is part of a French-based coop- means a sub-9.0 percent soft white wheat protein. The erative, has struggled with quality in the past. Gaines samples they tested for the PNW WQC meeting came agreed some early Northwest releases were not top back with rankings between three and six. notch. Doug Engle, cultivar development manager for the “Some of the quality issues we had came from the Western Wheat Quality Lab where all the variety fact we started six years ago with a portfolio of zero, samples are milled, said that providing our overseas and we needed to put varieties in that portfolio,” he cooperators a higher grade of flour is possible. The said, adding that at this point, “we are very focused easiest way would be to give them Western White on quality.” He said the company’s germplasm devel- by substituting 20 percent club wheat flour into their opment since it launched in the U.S. has added both samples. Scientifically, this would add a level of com- breadth and depth to its offerings. plexity as all of the cooperators would not be looking Gaines wouldn’t speculate how much the aborted at the same flours. launch of Silk would cost the company, but he did say that most of the money involved in its development “We will need direction from the PNW WQC orga- and release had already been spent. nizing committee to do this,” he said. “This was pretty well the 11th hour,” Gaines said, Other quality councils are held around the nation. “But having said that, if we were to release a variety The one coming up in Kansas had the quality lab out into the marketplace and hurt farmers and hurt managers anticipating a lively discussion. High wheat our customers—we feel like the long-term cost not only yields in the Midwest produced a lot of low protein to them but our reputation and our business greatly wheat. That won’t be good for bread-baking varieties. outweighs what we’re going to lose here.” Sometimes it’s good to be boring.

WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2017 55 WL WGC REPORTS On the front line of GE wheat detection

By Deven See these instances. While each occurrence of GE wheat Research geneticist, USDA-ARS occurred in different states (Oregon first, then Montana Although genetically engineered and Washington), the genetic investigation was similar (GE) wheat has never been granted in all three cases. nonregulated status under U.S. Three agencies within the USDA cooperated as part Department of Agriculture (USDA) of the three GE wheat investigations. The Animal and regulations, there have been three Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) located in separate incidences of GE wheat be- Riverdale, M.D., oversaw and coordinated the process, ing found in three states in the last four years. beginning with the assignment of field agents to investi- In 2013, 2014 and most recently in 2016, a few wheat gate and collect samples. Samples to be tested were first plants that had been sprayed with glyphosate failed to sent to the Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards die, leading to suspicions they may have been experi- Administration (GIPSA) in Kansas City, Mo. GIPSA also mental lines of genetically engineered plants designed is involved in third-party validation on testing proce- to resist the herbicide. Without the USDA’s approval of a dures which other countries use to test for the presence GE event in wheat, investigations into the nature of each of GE material. In the cases of suspected GE wheat of these three incidents were launched, a process I was samples, plant materials also were sent to the WRSGGL involved with each time. in Pullman, Wash., part of the USDA’s Agricultural Research Service (ARS). The incidents included only small clusters of a few plants either in a commercial field or a university Once the incident of a suspected GE wheat was report- (Montana State) research plot. Regardless, even the ed, APHIS sent investigators to the specific site to collect very suspicion of a GE wheat plant growing in a field is samples. Samples in the form of leaf material or whole enough to trigger an investigation. plants arrived at both the GIPSA and the WRSGGL facilities where testing was initiated. As a research geneticist working with the USDA’s Western Regional Small Grains Genotyping Laboratory There are two different types of tests to determine if (WRSGGL) located on the Washington State University wheat plants contain the transgene. The transgene is a campus, it has been my responsibility to perform the segment of DNA that’s been incorporated into a genome

WASHINGTON GRAIN COMMISSION WASHINGTON genetic testing of the suspected GE wheat in each of using biotechnology. In the case of all three investiga-

In this image, the green peak at 410bp is a positive control to indicate that the PCR reaction worked in wheat. The Blue peak seen at 625bp indicates that the plant sample is positive for the GE event.

56 WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2017 WGC REPORTS WL tions, the transgene was responsible for glyphosate resistance. The transgene works by producing a protein that results in the plant becoming resistant to glyphosate. The initial test that is usually conducted is not unlike an over-the-counter pregnancy kit. Performed in the field or the laboratory, seeds, leaf material or even bulk samples can be tested quickly and easily. It relies on antibodies and other chemicals attached to a plastic strip to react to the presence of the specific GE protein. One bar is negative and two bars are positive, indicating the presence of the glyphosate-resistance protein. While the strip test is quick and easy to perform, WASHINGTON COMMISSION GRAIN it is not accurate enough by itself to establish the presence of a GE wheat, nor is it able to determine the exact transgene that was inserted into the plant. To validate the strip tests and to identify the specific gene construct that was engineered into the wheat plant, PCR tests need to be performed. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a method used in genetic testing to make millions of copies of specific regions of DNA of interest. With known sequence “primers” that flank the specific region of DNA, an unknown sample of wheat DNA can be tested, utilizing the specific primers for the transgene with PCR. To determine that a GE wheat was found, both the GIPSA laboratory and WRSGGL needed to validate through this method that the DNA samples were positive for the GE transgene. U.S. Department of Agriculture technician Travis Ruff sets up a PCR reaction. Once initial testing had confirmed that the wheat samples were positive for a specific trans- To test for the relatedness of the samples collected from one gene, the WRSGGL research focus switched to field, we are specifically looking to see if there are families of genetic analysis to ask questions regarding the samples as defined by their proximity to each other in the field. genetic composition of the germplasm in question. This gives us an indication of the diversity of the samples with- Multiple genetic tests can be conducted on the in the field as well as the genetic relationship of the samples unknown samples to answer several questions. that were clustered together. First, are the samples the same as previously-found As described in previous issues of Wheat Life, the coopera- GE wheat samples? Second, are all of the samples tive effort of GIPSA and WRSGGL confirmed that some of taken from a field genetically related to each other? the suspicious wheat plants found growing in the field were To conduct genetic relationship tests on the DNA indeed GE plants. However, they proved to be isolated groups samples, Simple Sequence Repeat markers are uti- of individual plants, and no GE grain was detected in the com- lized. This type of marker is highly variable, which mercial market stream. allows for the determination of closely related Government is often pointed to as the problem, but in the wheat germplasm. The test to determine if the case of the GE wheat investigations, the USDA agencies in- samples from different investigations are related is volved in following up on the discoveries worked seamlessly to straight forward as the marker profiles from each address the issue. Although some countries closed their mar- investigation can be compared against the others kets temporarily as a result of two of the finds, thanks to scien- to look for similarities. tists and others who work for the USDA, exports were quickly restarted, and wheat exports continued to flow overseas.

WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2017 57 58 WASHINGTON GRAIN COMMISSION WHEAT LIFE A glimmer of hope?A glimmer W in Canada continue to point towards to point continue a10 Canada in reduc percent Jan. 12 acreage estimates. on their based Agriculture’s (USDA) of U.S. wheat picture winter acres U.S. of the 3is Department Chart below protein. normal wheat. It is milling wheat not quality good is carryover (23 mmts). winter red hard much of Remember that the 1.1from (30 bushels bushels mmt) billion to million 850 supplies drop ending alot could mean and like seems 2016 the or mmt) tons than crop. metric lion smaller That (13 bushels million to much 500 14 as as be mil will crop a more U.S. “normal” the yield could mean 2017 wheat to Areturn acreage shift. this re-enforce will calculation price soybean The program Revenuebeans. Assurance wheat from to soy to shift continue farmers Plains ern north as acres by 1million decline also wheat will acres 100 spring years. It more like than looks in smallest the level belowlion of the 2016. be The planted acreage will America. North at least in to change, But outlook starting is that record wheat produced has consecutive crops. four on “acenters world awash wheat.” in it And The is. world corn. in position fund the in change only). (futures 2shows contracts 200,000 the Chart of excess 100,000short to in approximately contracts of Feb. short as position net the 7. being from It climbed Feb. high that off 20 17. cents was trading 1shows Chart wheat Chicago March stalled. market every in buying fund before $4.64 the as wheat high to as March Chicago week second of February.the That took short covering holding wheat Chicago a big short in position futures. mid-February, in still but are short to long beginning Conversations with farmers and grain industry people industry grain and farmers Conversations with at be least 3.2U.S. to 3.5 wheat mil will winter acres wheat. The talk bearish still are Most people on earth in short positions some covering of these began Funds WASHINGTON COMMISSION GRAIN

MARCH 2017 HEAT By MikeBy Krueger They reversed their corn position from from position corn They their reversed wheat and short corn forever. been also soy long complex the been forever have have that The funds big speculative b earish for what seems like an eternity. an like for what seems earish The wheat have solidly markets been W - - - - - ATCH Noncommercial combined net and position nonreportable Noncommercial combined net and position nonreportable Chart 1:Chart Wheat -COT only -futures Chart 2:Chart Corn -COT only -futures Chart 3: acres Chart wheat U.S. winter Number of contracts Number of contracts WASHINGTON GRAIN COMMISSION 59 WL - - - MARCH 2017 MARCH

WHEAT WATCH WHEAT LIFE WHEAT is president is and founder of The a grain advisory Money Farm, service The world’s Northern Hemisphere crop winter will wheat be breaking world’s dor The The initial 2017 soybean price calculation stands at $10.22. That high That initial soybean initial priceThe calculation stands 2017 $10.22. at The USDA will planting release their intentions USDA report 2017 The March on 31, Mike KruegerMike located in Fargo, N.D. A licensed Krueger commoditylocated Fargo, in a past broker, is director of the Minneapolis Grain Exchange and a senior analyst Perspectives, for World a group. agricultural D.C., consulting Washington, age estimates to begin building potential supply/demand and ending stocks estimatesage begin to building potential supply/demand betting early marketing The is year. that soybeans estimates the for 2017/18 will gain 5 million 4 to least at acres. gains Those in soybeans will the at come these of extent The changes acreage expense corn, of and spring barley. wheat will as be closely the monitored spring planting season gets underway. price for spring wheat in springprice for the wheat northern Plains is calculated during the month of halfway through $5.67 was the It calculation comparesFebruary. period. That 2016. for $5.13 to soybean price will pressure additional put increase to soybean acres and because translates it acres spring into in a guaranteedreduce wheat 2017 prof itable revenue per acre calculation. revenue itable These estimates crops will spring-planted of be the important next 2017. fundamental aspect the for markets deal with. to Analysts will use these acre mancy the six next over weeks. conditions Crop will be important point to the direction feels it like market, the but of wheat there is a glimmer the light at of the of end bearish tunnel. wheat Smaller acres planted in North America will make a difference. degree that The of difference yield will 2017 to boil down and in crop production competing export the Sea regions, wheat Black notably region. - - - There areThere also concerns some Crops acrossCrops the primary wheat Assurance Revenue (RA) The tionacres in there wheat as well. with the southern Plains’ hard entered It red crop. winter wheat dormancy last fall dry under condi tions and with poor germination inand stands. weak Temperatures February higher 90 F or across were the of most region and continued in the in 60s and late the 70s month. crop hasThe dormancy broken the earliest in than more years. 20 willIt susceptible be more cold to of the couple next over weather months because this. of is still It dry across the southern Plains as shows. the monitor drought Northwestregions the of Pacific are in(PNW) very from good shape a moisture has been It standpoint. a be plenty should There winter. wet moistureof finish to the winter- crops PNW unlessplanted the quicklyweather turns and hot dry. climatologistsSome see a chance that Eastern Washington and east a warmerern have could Oregon and drier summer than normal while the rest the of country looks growing a “normal” season,for but sum worry is to about veryit early weather. mer crop insurance price program 2017 calculations will be important for spring planting decisions, especial- thosely northern areas wheat that can soybeans include as a cropping RA The 2017 pricesalternative. for the Washington have for of state already been calculated. initial The is RAspring 2017 price for wheat the compares to That initial$5.40. initial The $5.61. of price in 2016 calculationwinter wheat is $5.45. the compares to That initial price initial The $5.63. RA of 2016 for WL FEATURE

No-till pioneer still exploring new frontiers

John Aeschliman stands on a road above a steeply problems often associated with such a transition. sloped bowl covered with a recently planted winter wheat The groundwork of the Aeschlimans’ success is a crop. He recounts the long history the scene represents restoration of soil life—microorganisms and earthworms and calls to the future it embodies. Aeschliman was one of that fertilize the soil and build its structure, improving its the earliest no-till innovators on the Palouse, and he is still capacity to absorb and hold moisture. at it, expanding the boundaries of what no-till can do for health of the soil and the family farm. The roots of no-till Now in his late 70s, Aeschliman remembers how spring “We’ve become some of the oldest no-tillers anywhere,” seasons of his youth brought an unwelcome visitor to the says the Whitman County farmer. “Direct seeding is family farmhouse. revolutionizing agriculture as we know it. It has in my lifetime.” “When I was growing up, erosion was draining mud everywhere,” Aeschliman says. “Every spring, the mud Since their earliest ventures into no-till in the mid-1970s, was running around the house.” the Aeschlimans have accomplished agronomic feats on their Colfax, Washington-area spread that skeptics said The family farm was small, only a 320-acre half sec- could not be done. They have brought no-till to steep tion. Aeschliman moved away from full-time farming for ground. In a 15-to-20-inch rainfall area where corn is some time and started his own business manufacturing almost never raised without irrigation, they can grow corn institutional furniture. Farming was in his blood, though. on dryland because no-till has built up a deep moisture With his father moving into retirement, he opted to return column in the soil. Now they are pushing a new envelope, to full-time farming in the mid-1970s. But, recalling those learning how to transition conservation program land muddy springs, he knew something had to change. planted in grasses directly to high-yielding wheat crops “As I began to think about coming back to farming, I with no tillage or field burning. And without the disease thought, ‘this is nuts. There’s got to be something better.’”

60 WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2017 FEATURE WL

A few pioneers were showing the way. Another local farmer named Morton Swanson had built a strange contraption “big as a boxcar” in the late 1960s. It was the first, no-till seed drill in the area. Other farmers were also beginning to direct seed. Aeschliman calls out Winston Mader and John Rae. “That was the beginnings of where everything took off in Whitman County,” he says. “Farmers were figuring stuff out. These guys were big farmers. I was just a little half-section.” With their advice, he began to experiment with no-till in 1974. By 1976, when he was fully back on the farm, he was committed to the direct seed path. The early years were trial and error, dealing with weed blow-ups and disease issues, and trying to understand the best drill technology and best varieties of wheat to grow in the system. No-tilling on steep ground Driving between different parts of his ground, Aeschliman points to erosion ditches on the steep ter- rain around his place. A steep ridge of soil on a fence row, ranging up to 30-feet high, shows how the soil has moved. “That tells the story. The guy on top keeps plowing down towards the fence. The guy on bottom keeps plowing down away from the fence and the bank keeps getting higher each year. All done by moldboard plow. They did soils to absorb precipitation provides the equivalent of 2-4 not know any better. After 100 years of plowing, we know inches additional rainfall and builds moisture reserves 6-8 better now.” feet deep in the ground, Aeschliman estimates. The test is heavy downpours. But if he had listened to the skeptics, his own land might look that way. “Not a drop runs out of our fields. No water leaves the ranch anymore. I’ve been doing this for 45 years. It never “We have really steep ground. That’s why they rained hard enough to wash. There are no ditches. The said it wouldn’t work. We said, baloney, it will work.” ground is smooth and beautiful.” Aeschliman makes that point by showing a picture of a 60 percent grade winter wheat field, some of the most angled Typical rotations are winter wheat-spring barley-spring soil on his place. After seven years of no-till no ditches are wheat-legumes in higher rainfall areas. In areas with less showing. precipitation, a rotation might be winter wheat-spring barley, then a year of chem fallow. The farm rotates canola The Aeschlimans have proven that no-till works on the in between spring and winter wheat. Another rotation steep slopes of the Palouse with four decades of successful meshes canola in between two winter wheat crops, with growth. By 1980 they had expanded the operation to more the second followed by corn. The Aeschlimans are also than 1,100 acres and now farm seven parcels on around trying out sunflowers. With new oilseed crushing capacity 4,000 acres. at Warden, Wash., there is greater interest in the oilseed “They say no-till doesn’t work, but I paid for all that land crops. with it,” Aeschliman says. “We just keep expanding. We The Aeschlimans drill seed directly into stubble left by very seldom have a poor yield. Even in the dry summer of winter and spring cereal crops, as well as into chem fallow 2015, yields were only down 10-15 percent. You have to see residue. Between each row of seeds, a liquid urea fertil- the advantages. If you get convinced, it will work.” izer band is injected. Applications are variable rate based The Aeschlimans’ ground is spread across three rain- on combine monitor data. Potash, phosphate, chloride, fall regions: 18-20 inches around the original farm; 15-18 boron and zinc are also applied along with liquid urea in inches one mile west as the crow flies; and 10-14 inches the dead band between the seed rows. The Aeschlimans about 12 miles west. The increased capacity of the no-tilled avoid fertilizers such as anhydrous ammonia because of Story by Patrick Mazza | Photos by Alex Garland

WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2017 61 WL FEATURE

their toxic effects on earthworms and microorganisms. To Now chaff spreaders on combines even out the residue reduce soil acidity, they are experimenting with applying layer, so sprays will evenly reach weed and volunteer prilled lime in the seed row. seeds and eliminate pathogens. Residue has an additional Into the 1980s, Aeschliman tried out a number of drills environmental benefit. It feeds the wildlife food chain. on a rental basis. He purchased his own drill in 1990. Aeschliman says his land is “like a game reserve,” with Today the farm uses a Cross Slot drill on a Flexi-Coil 6000 deer, elk, moose, hawks, owls and an occasional eagle. frame that leaves slight indents in the soil. A huge eco- The Aeschlimans are experimenting with cover crops nomic and environmental advantage is reduced tractor including tillage radish and crimson clover as an alterna- passes. Conventional tillage could require up to 10 tractor tive to chem fallow. They have been popular in areas with passes. Now it’s cut down to two spray passes and one high summer precipitation, but moisture retention in low seeding pass, with fertilizer applied on the seeding run. summer rainfall regions has been an issue. That reduces fuel use significantly and cuts labor needs on Altogether, the Aeschlimans’ soil building practices, the farm to three: John, his son Cory and an employee. from residue management to encouraging soil life, have The residue and weed learning curve raised soil organic matter. Some of the original prairie grasses contained 1.5-3 percent organic matter when the Leaving residue on the ground is a key strategy. It soil was first plowed in the 1880s, but became depleted reduces erosion and builds nitrogen, shaving fertilizer over the years. Now organic content has roughly doubled costs. Where the guideline for 100 bushels hard red winter to 3.5-5 percent on much of the land. wheat is 250 pounds nitrogen, the Aeschlimans might use around 100. The guideline for dark northern wheat spring Raising corn on dryland wheat is 180 pounds per 60 bushels. They use around 100- The deep moisture column and vibrant soil life created 120 pounds. Soil testing indicates that nitrogen levels are by long-term no-till practices has given the Aeschliman being maintained by residue input. farm a rare capacity to grow corn on dryland in a 15-to-20- The Aeschlimans’ weed control learning curve began inch rainfall area. with subsequent winter rotations in the early days. But “They said you couldn’t raise corn here,” Aeschliman spring brought goat grass and downy brome, so they be- notes. “There is not a lot of dryland corn around. Most is gan spring cropping, typically preceded by a spray. They irrigated.” have learned to “break the green bridge.” The concept, The corn ground has been continuously cropped for 20 developed by R. James Cook, a plant pathologist based at years. Aeschliman began experimenting with the crop Washington State University, eliminates weeds and volun- around 1997. Yields rapidly moved up from 90 to 135 bush- teer plants for a period before planting. The Aeschlimans els/acre, and performance in the 120-160 bushel/acre range allow a three-week period. They typically spray in fall as is now common. Even 200 bushel/acre yields have shown well. up on combine monitors. Even on top of hills, yields per In the early days, they let straw and chaff bunch up acre can be around 100 bushels, something Midwest farm- behind the combine. That made a habitat for disease. ers who’ve visited the Aeschliman place say they cannot

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WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2017 63 WL FEATURE

do. The crop feeds cattle. Harvesting leaves cobs on the ground. Action by earthworms works them into soils typically over a four-year period. Worms also digest roots. All this builds soil fertility. Aeschliman pulls up a clump of soil where a root structure had been and finds dark soil. “See, that’s all worm poop.” Direct seeding into conservation lands One of the Aeschlimans’ latest in- novations is taking out Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) land with direct seeding, a practice that saves soil carbon lost in the common practice of tilling and field burning lands going out of C R P. “It’s been a tremendous success,“ Aeschliman says. “We’re not disturbing the root activity and all the carbon that’s invisible to the unaided human eye—the microorganisms sequestered. After three years the soil is still absorbing all that infuse healthy soils. the rainfall with no visible erosion, the root channels and “One teaspoon of healthy soil has more microorganisms soil profile are all intact with signs of soil life, and earth- than there are people on Earth. We still don’t know what worms are beginning to return. they all do,” Aeschliman says. “Taking CRP out with a plow is a travesty. You lose One important understanding is how mycorrhizal all the stuff you’ve built up,” he adds. “Everyone thinks networks bind the soil together. Soil scientists have found you need to break this up. That’s old technology. We have that these networks of fungi, which exchange water, drills now that can seed directly through all the roots and minerals and nutrients between soil and plant roots, also root balls and leave the residue like a big horse blanket produce a carbon-rich substance called glomalin, a kind of to protect growing plants from winter kill, hold moisture soil glue. Aeschliman recounts a demonstration in which during a dry season and stop erosion.” clods of no-till and conventionally farmed soil were placed The CRP program aims to rebuild soils, but farmers on screens at the top of two beakers of water. The conven- worried about pathogens remaining in the sod have felt tional soil dissolved. The no-till soil remained solid. This compelled to burn and/or till. Aeschliman employs a binding effect is a key reason why no-till soils are resistant herbicide to “break the green bridge and burn down the to erosion. But conventional farming management prac- plant.” Allowing three weeks before planting tends to tices break up mycorrhizal Hyphae networks. eliminate any disease problems, he says. “This stuff is all renewable,” Aeschliman notes. “We just After a contract on an 850-acre CRP tract was up in the have to renew it. Are you being a good steward of the soil? fall of 2014, Aeschliman direct seeded the field. He planted If that means stop plowing, stop plowing. If that means winter canola and wheat directly into the grass sod. The stop burning, stop burning. Pay attention to the soil. Think first winter wheat crop yielded 85 bushels per acre. The of it as a living thing, not dirt.” winter canola crop produced 2,300 pounds per acre. He Advice on moving into no-till planted spring wheat into the stubble and harvested 50 bushels per acre. Aeschliman advises that farmers move into no-till in a phased manner, starting on 50-100 acres of their best Since 2014, Aeschliman has converted 250- and 20-acre ground and paying attention to soil quality. Begin with CRP tracts using the same techniques. used drills to keep the cost lower. Partnering with soil life Recalling his own experience learning from some of the The Aeschlimans rely on partnerships to make their original no-tillers, Aeschliman strongly suggests working operation work. Some of their most important partners are with an experienced direct seeder, even hiring them to

64 WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2017 seed for you in early years. Picking the right time to start is important. In the Palouse, the ideal time to start in is spring, after a winter wheat rotation and a spray to take down the green bridge. A spring wheat or barley or legume is a suggested rotation, with fall planting directly into the residue. Be patient, Aeschliman advises. It Who Are Your Benefi ciaries? will take around four to five years Don’t Leave It to Chance for soils to rebuild their life and regenerate themselves. “We spent a lifetime learning If you want to make sure your assets are distributed according to your this,” Aeschliman says. “We’re never If you want to make sure your assets are distributed according wishesto your when wishes you whe passn away,you pa it’sss important away, it’s to imp revieworta nyourt to beneficiary review going to go back.” designations regularly. your beneficiary designations regularly. This article, which has been edited Major changes to tax laws or major life events, such as marriage, for length, is one in a series of farmer divorce,Major c birthhange ors adoptionto tax law ofs a or child, maj or ali fedeath even ints the, su family,ch as could profiles produced by the Regional Ap- meanmarri age,a change divorce, is needed. birth or adoption of a child, or a death in proaches to Climate Change (REACCH) the family, could mean a change is needed. project. Initiated in 2011 by an interdis- Why is it important to designate beneficiaries? Why is it important to designate beneficiaries? ciplinary team of scientists and profes- Designating beneficiaries is one of the easiest and most direct ways sionals with funding from the National toDe getsig yournati nassetsg ben efito ciatheri peoplees is on and/ore of th organizationse easiest and you mos desire.t dire ct Institute of Food and Agriculture’s Cli- Beneficiaryways to get designations your assets tomay t healso pe helpople avoid and/ orprobating organ izyourati oassetsns you mate Variability and Change Program, upondesire. your Bene deathficiary designations may also help avoid probating the five-year project seeks to ensure Weyour can asse workts upwithon you, your your dea estate-planningth. attorney and your qualified sustainable cereal production in the tax advisor – Your estate-planning team – to ensure your account inland Pacific Northwest under the risks registrationsPlease call orand stop beneficiary by today designations to schedule support an appointment. your wishes. of regional climate change. The main REACCH institutions are the University of Idaho (lead institution), Oregon State University, Washington State University and the Agricultural Research Service.

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WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2017 65 WL FEATURE Old combine finds new home at ag museum Editor’s note: It took nearly two years, but the Eastern Washington Agricultural Museum (EWAM) in Pomeroy, Wash., finally has it’s newest display piece, a 1950s John Deere Model 45 Self-Propelled Combine (serial number 2449). Visitors can view the combine at EWAM’s Spring Farming Days on April 1-2 at the Garfield County Fairgrounds. Here is some of the combine’s history as provided by EWAM. This combine, complete with a 10-foot header and a Love pickup reel, factory-installed straw chopper and an aftermarket Kroll-Moscow Machine leveler, was donated by Jerry and Jody Smith of Deary, Idaho, about two years ago. In November 2016, it was finally relocated to Pomeroy, thanks to special efforts by Rod Sangster and Dennis Watson who got it running and Glen Davis for hauling the unit to its new home. Thanks also to the Smiths for providing some history on this unit. Will Tractor and used it a bit before he retired from Jack and Betty Mustoe of Southwick, Idaho, purchased farming. this unit new from the Everett Will John Deere dealer- Jerry and Jody Smith then bought the combine from ship in Moscow, Idaho. Everett Kroll of Moscow Machine Fred Newman in 1968. The Smiths used this unit for about installed his unique leveler unit on this combine as John four years, the last harvest being 500 acres. After that har- Deere did not offer a leveler at that time. Jack noted that vest, Jerry parked it in their hay shed out of the weather Mr. Kroll made weekly trips out to their farm and rode on for nearly 34 years. the combine to make sure the leveling unit was working Additional information was gathered from Dennis satisfactorily. Jack recalls owning the unit for four or five Solbrack and Mike Kroll who think this was the first level- years before trading it in on a used 55H. ing unit that Mike’s dad put on a combine, as Mike recalls Harry Newman of Kendrick, Idaho, then purchased the his dad talking about this unit. Mr. Kroll had a patent on combine from the Everett Will dealership. Harry used it this leveling system, and John Deere bought the patent for about four years and then traded it in on a John Deere rights about 1954 and paid royalties until about 1977. The 55 with a Kroll leveler. Krolls eventually moved their shop from Moscow, Idaho, Fred Newman, Harry’s father, bought it from Everett to Colfax, Wash., where it is still operated by the family. Rock Steel Structures, Inc. Offering quality you can depend on: Grain Storage For Farms or Warehouses Farm Storage ! Hopper Bottom Bins Grain Handling • GrainGrain BinBin AccessoriesAccessories Water Storage Tanks ! Aeration Systems Handling Equipment www.SCAFCO.com

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WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2017 67 THE BOTTOM LINE Revolution to evolution: The emergence of ag tech By the Northwest Farm Credit steamer, a revolutionary enhancement in agricultural technology that took an Services Business Management uncontrollable variable—weather—and created a mitigating answer, the Staheli Center Team Steamer. Staheli’s steamer demonstrates the power of an idea put to work. His entrepreneurial spirit made it happen. Entrepreneurs will enhance agricultural technology to create a Entrepreneurial spirit begins with identifying opportunity myriad of benefits—improved ef- So maybe for you, the innovative moment won’t happen when you’re ordering ficiency measures, faster responses tacos. The moment, however, might happen when you examine your operation, to changing consumer preferences, identify specific areas of improvement and begin brainstorming potential an- consistent top-notch quality, etc. gles for development opportunities. A testament to this theory is Bob Schaefer, a These innovators foster a distinctive Christmas tree producer in Oregon. mindset called the “entrepreneurial spirit.” It’s a difference maker in Bob remembers overseeing all the trucks, trailers and CATs on his opera- agriculture, and those who adopt it tion in 1975. The harvesting techniques were far from perfect—they were slow, will break down current challenges costly and detrimental to quality—but they were standard in the industry. facing the industry. So, what does it Bob knew that with all its flaws, the harvesting system was not sustainable. look like to adopt the entrepreneur- Something had to change. One year later, working with a helicopter company, ial spirit? Bob developed tree slings and started contracting with a helicopter company to complement his production needs. Using this method, harvested trees went Dave Staheli, a farmer from south- from approximately 550 to 650 trees per day to 8,000 trees per day. The new ern Utah, was staring at a taco shell harvesting system allowed more efficient production, fresher trees and a shorter steamer in a fast food restaurant harvest season. It was also more ecologically responsible. Bob exercised his when he was struck by a solution entrepreneurial spirit using a business savvy approach: he examined his entire to the exceptionally dry season: operation for areas of improvement, identified an underperforming hauling sys- integrate the same basic principles tem affecting his production capacity and brainstormed his way to Helicopter used to steam a tortilla to moisten Harvesting, a system still used today. his dry hay. Entrepreneurial spirit is a nice sentiment, but... This was the moment Staheli at- tributes to the inception of the hay Maybe you’ve already identified specific areas of improvement, and you know what type of innovation your operation needs, but you’re not certain; after all, what if you change the fundamental way your operation functions, and it doesn’t pan out? Adopting innovation can feel like a gamble; it would be easier Sponsored by the if you had a crystal ball and the winning lottery ticket. Derek Schafer (no rela- Agricultural Marketing tion to Bob), a grain farmer from Washington state, is familiar with the stakes of & Management implementation. Organization. Derek purchased a Dutch weed sprayer called WEEDit, a technology known to create chemical savings of up to 90 percent. Because the sprayer had not been For more information and adopted by the U.S. and therefore was not modified for U.S. equipment, Derek a schedule of classes visit knew the risk and work required to reap the benefits. He also knew his current wawg.org/ammo-workshops/ model of equipment was not sustainable. We asked Derek how he made the decision to invest and he pointed out these key business tips: • Find opportunities that can make you more efficient. “WEEDit is a conservation tool in saving money, but also helps the environment and sends a positive message to our consumers.” • Right-size technology to your own operation. “Just because your neighbor has adopted it doesn’t mean it will work for your farm.”

68 WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2017 THE BOTTOM LINE WL

• Run the numbers. “Calculate your return on invest- Entrepreneurial spirit: what’s next? ment, and if you think it makes sense, that it will pay As any good farmer knows, harvest is not the end of back in the short term and continue to pay back in the the season. The same goes with technology. Whether long run, then do it.” you made the investment or not, the work isn’t over. • Remember investments are a long-term strategy. “It is Agriculture is in a never-ending revolution of technology hard to get past the capital expenditure when times and innovation, and the advancements developed next are tight. But, continuing to invest can be a good year could completely change the way you do business. thing.” Creating a sustainable business looks a lot like mining for opportunities. The future of agricultural technology belongs to those who embrace the entrepreneurial spirit. Who knows? Maybe those solutions will be yours, and maybe they’ll come from staring at something like a tortilla steamer.

Northwest Farm Credit Services is a financial cooperative providing financing and related services to farmers, ranchers, agribusinesses, commercial fishermen, timber producers, rural homeowners and crop insurance customers in Montana, Idaho, Oregon, Washington and Alaska. Northwest FCS is a member of the Farm Credit System that supports agriculture and rural communities with reliable, consistent credit and financial services. Northwest FCS provides leasing and appraisal services and life and crop insurance programs. Visit northwestfcs.com for more information.

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WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2017 69 Finishing up harvest near Tekoa. Photo by Jeremy Schluneger

A mid-July sunrise over Kellogg Hollow in Dayton. Photo by Jerry Moyer Send photos of your wheat life to [email protected] Your wheat life...

(Above) Ashley Ann Gunning (15) and her steer, Red, in Davenport. Ashley spends many hours with Red and says she’s been taming him by reading him Harry Potter. She is the granddaughter of Richard and Shirley Gunning. Photo by Alix Stoddard. (Right) Winter wheat in September north of Waterville. Photo by Max Polson

These kids come from two farm families in the Palouse. From left are Trent (7), Avery (3) and Miles (5) Holling. Parents are Jacob and Suzanne Holling; grandparents are John and Betty Sawyer and Kevin and Shelly Holling. Photo by Suzanne Holling. HAPPENINGS

All dates and times are subject to change. 22 WAWG BOARD MEETING. Meeting plow day. Plowing begins at 10 a.m. On Please verify event before heading out. starts at 10 a.m. at Washington Wheat Hwy 17 three miles south of intersec- Foundation Building, Ritzville, Wash. tion with Hwy 26 at Hatton Road near MARCH 2017 (509) 659-0610, wawg.org Othello, Wash. 1 LABOR MANAGEMENT IN 25 WHEAT COLLEGE. This WAWG AGRICULTURE. AMMO workshop focus- APRIL 2017 event will feature Greg Kruger of the ing on recent changes in minimum wage 1-2 SPRING FARMING DAYS. Horse, University of Nebraska-Lincoln and and overtime laws that could affect ag mule and antique tractor farming on 13 his travelling Pesticide Application employers. 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. at the Marcus acres. Activity starts at 9 a.m. both days. Technology lab, equipped with state-of- Whitman Hotel in Walla Walla, Wash. Camping available. Eastern Washington the-art greenhouse and wind tunnels, Lunch is provided. No charge for WAWG Agricultural Museum will be open. on site for our event. Wheat College will members; cost for nonmembers is $25. Garfield County Fairgrounds east of also offer localized presentations from Preregister at least 3 days in advance by Pomeroy, Wash. [email protected] Washington State University Extension, calling (877) 740-2666 or print out and including Russian Thistle resistance mail online registration form at 14-16 COLUMBIA RIVER COWBOY GATHERING AND MUSIC FESTIVAL. and more. Pesticide credits will be of- wawg.org/ammo-workshops/ fered. 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. at the Three Rivers Headliners include Billy Dean, Lacy Convention Center in Kennewick, Wash. 3-5 SPRING ARTS AND CRAFTS SHOW. J. Dalton and Gary Allegretto. Benton Lunch is provided. No charge for WAWG Features 300 professional artists and County Fairgrounds in Kennewick, members; cost for nonmembers is $25. crafters from across the U.S. Spokane Wash. columbiarivercowboygathering.com Fair and Expo Center, Spokane, Wash. Preregister at least 3 days in advance custershows.com 15-16 PALOUSE EMPIRE PLOWING by calling (877) 740-2666 or print out BEE. Teams of draft horses complete in and mail registration form at wawg.org/ 5 SAUSAGE FEED. All you can eat from plowing contests. Fairgrounds in Colfax, ammo-workshops/ 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Menu includes home- Wash. facebook.com/pethreshingbee/ made sausage, sauerkraut, mashed po- 27-MAY 7 WASHINGTON STATE tatoes, green beans, roll, applesauce, pie 20-23 WASHINGTON STATE SPRING APPLE BLOSSOM FESTIVAL. Parade, and beverage. Beer garden. Uniontown FAIR. Baby animal exhibits, food, carnival, golf tournament, apple pie and Community Center, Uniontown, Wash. entertainment, demolition derby and dessert bake-off, live entertainment, auc- uniontown.us/activities_events.html monster truck show. Washington State tion. Wenatchee, Wash. appleblossom.org Fairgrounds in Puyallup, Wash. 7 WASHINGTON GRAIN COMMISSION thefair.com/spring-fair BOARD MEETING. Spokane, Wash. (509) Submissions 456-2481 21-22 LEAVENWORTH ALE-FEST. Email listings to [email protected]. Brews, food, dancing and music. 17-19 SPRING ARTS AND CRAFTS leavenworthalefest.com Include date, time and location of SHOW. Features 150 professional artists event, plus contact info and a short and crafters from across the U.S. TRAC 22 COUNTRY COUSINS OTHELLO description. Center, Pasco, Wash. custershows.com SPRING PLOW IN. Vintage equipment

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74 WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2017 B:8.625” T:8.375” S:7.375”

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DIV170025_Nexicor_FP4C_8-375x10-875.indd 1 2/2/17 11:46 AM

File Name DIV170025_Nexicor_FP4C_8-375x10-875.indd File Saved 2-2-2017 11:44 AM InDesign CC 2015 APPROVALS INITIALS DATE Job No. DIV170025 Date 2-2-2017 11:44 AM Page Artist Giovanni Moreno Creative Director Greg B / Dave D NEXICOR FP AD Job Name DIV170025 2017 Nexicor Full Page Ad Fonts: Helvetica Neue LT Std (47 Light Con- Images: Peter_Wong_8HOA1348_RM_exp0819.psd (CMYK; 1679 Client BASF densed, 77 Bold Condensed Oblique, 45 Light, 57 ppi, -1680 ppi), Nexicor_CMYK_White.eps, BASFw_wh100or_4c.ai, AD/Designer Benson H Condensed Oblique) Grow_Smart_With_BASF_CMYK_Black.ai Live/Safety 0.5” x 0.5” Copywriter Greg B Flat/Trim 8.375” x 10.875”

ROUND Bleed 0.125” x 0.125” Layout Designer N/A Folded Size None Gutter None Account Manager Ava P Panel Sizes None 2 Project Manager Maureen

Colors Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black Printed At None Print Producer N/A FONTS USED WITHIN THIS FILE ARE FOR OUTPUT ONLY BY THE END PRINTER/VENDOR. CHANGES TO COPY MAY REQUIRE FONT LICENSING AND PRINTERS/VENDORS ARE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY LICENSING COSTS REQUIRED. EradicatE MEdiocrity Put the best agronomic team in the Inland Northwest to work on your farm.

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DEDICATED PEOPLE Contact a McGregor Certified Crop Adviser to WHO CARE develop a personalized production plan for your farm. ABOUT FARM FAMILIES 800.873.8666 ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT ABOUT THE COMMUNITIES WE SERVE www.mcgregor.com