Common Catalogue of Varieties of Vegetable Species

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6.1.2021 EN Offi cial Jour nal of the European Union C 4/61 COMMON CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES OF VEGETABLE SPECIES Supplement 2020/1 (Text with EEA relevance) (2021/C 4/02) CONTENTS Page Legend . 63 List of vegetable species . 64 1. Allium cepa L. 64 1.1. Allium cepa L. Aggregatum Group - Shallot . 64 1.2. Allium cepa L. Cepa Group - Onion, Echalion . 64 2. Allium fistulosum L. Japanese bunching onion / Welsh onion . 67 3. Allium porrum L. Leek . 67 7. Apium graveolens L. Celery . 68 7.1. Apium graveolens L. Celery Group . 68 7.2. Apium graveolens L. Celeriac Group . 69 8. Asparagus officinalis L. Asparagus . 69 9. Beta vulgaris L. 69 9.1. Beta vulgaris L. Garden Beet Group (Beetroot, including Cheltenham beet) . 69 9.2. Beta vulgaris L. Leaf Beet Group (Spinach beet or Chard) . 70 10. Brassica oleracea L. 71 10.1. Brassica oleracea L. Kale Group . 71 10.2. Brassica oleracea L. Cauliflower Group . 71 10.3. Brassica oleracea L. Broccoli Group (Calabrese type and sprouting type) . 73 10.4. Brassica oleracea L. Brussels Sprouts Group . 73 10.5. Brassica oleracea L. Savoy Cabbage Group . 74 10.6. Brassica oleracea L. Capitata Group - White cabbage . 75 10.7. Brassica oleracea L. Capitata Group - Red cabbage . 76 10.8. Brassica oleracea L. Kohlrabi Group . 76 10.9. Brassica oleracea L. Palm Kale Group . 76 10.10. Brassica oleracea L. Tronchuda Group (Portuguese cabbage) . 76 11. Brassica rapa L. 78 11.1. Brassica rapa L. Chinese Cabbage Group . 78 11.2. Brassica rapa L. Vegetable Turnip Group . 78 12. Capsicum annuum L. Chili, Pepper . 80 13. Cichorium endivia L. Endive . 82 13.1. Cichorium endivia L. Curled-leaved endive . 82 13.2. Cichorium endivia L. Plain-leaved endive . 82 15. Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai Watermelon . 82 16. Cucumis melo L. Melon . 83 C 4/62 EN Offi cial Jour nal of the European Union 6.1.2021 Page 17. Cucumis sativus L. Cucumber/Gherkin . 83 17.1. Cucumis sativus L. Cucumber Group . 83 17.2. Cucumis sativus L. Gherkin Group . 84 18. Cucurbita Maxima Duchesne Gourd . ..

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Apples Catalogue 2019
ADAMS PEARMAIN Herefordshire, England 1862 Oct 15 Nov Mar 14 Adams Pearmain is a an old-fashioned late dessert apple, one of the most popular varieties in Victorian England. It has an attractive 'pearmain' shape. This is a fairly dry apple - which is perhaps not regarded as a desirable attribute today. In spite of this it is actually a very enjoyable apple, with a rich aromatic flavour which in apple terms is usually described as Although it had 'shelf appeal' for the Victorian housewife, its autumnal colouring is probably too subdued to compete with the bright young things of the modern supermarket shelves. Perhaps this is part of its appeal; it recalls a bygone era where subtlety of flavour was appreciated - a lovely apple to savour in front of an open fire on a cold winter's day. Tree hardy. Does will in all soils, even clay. AERLIE RED FLESH (Hidden Rose, Mountain Rose) California 1930’s 19 20 20 Cook Oct 20 15 An amazing red fleshed apple, discovered in Aerlie, Oregon, which may be the best of all red fleshed varieties and indeed would be an outstandingly delicious apple no matter what color the flesh is. A choice seedling, Aerlie Red Flesh has a beautiful yellow skin with pale whitish dots, but it is inside that it excels. Deep rose red flesh, juicy, crisp, hard, sugary and richly flavored, ripening late (October) and keeping throughout the winter. The late Conrad Gemmer, an astute observer of apples with 500 varieties in his collection, rated Hidden Rose an outstanding variety of top quality.
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Watergore Trial Orchard
NACM Short Report 5.5 Liz Copas 2005 WATERGORE TRIAL ORCHARD NOTE This trial site no longer exists and unfortunately some of the LA Disease Resistant seedling were grubbed out. Propagating material is still available of most of the other cultivars mentioned. SUMMARY Planted 1990 Main orchard planted to double rows N/S of Major, Ashton Bitter, Ellis Bitter and White Jersey at 18 x 8 on M25. This rootctock has proved rather too vigorous for the good soil on this site. In retrospect more effort was needed to control the early growth of these trees and induce cropping. The pruning trial [NACM 95/5/1] demonstrated some response to belated pruning to centre leader and bending or tying down strong lateral branches. This has served as a useful model for other orchards of these varieties. Planted 1995 Selected early harvesting seedlings from the Long Ashton [LA 1978] breeding program; 2 bittersweet, 4 sharps and 1 sweet, planted E/W on MM 106. Poor tree shape and excessively early flowering has ruled out many of these. The best are LA 13/2 and LA 13/7, Tremletts crosses with a strong resemblance to the parent but with some resistance to scab and mildew. Both need some initial tree training but could be kept annual. Planted 1996 Selected old varieties with some potential for bush orchards were planted on MM 106 . Of these the most promising are Broxwood Foxwhelp and possibly the other Foxwhelps [all bittersharps], also Don's Seedling [bittersweet] and Crimson King [sharp] as early harvesting varieties. Both Severn Banks [sharp] and Black Dabinett [bittersweet] could make useful late harvesting varieties.
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Fruit Varieties in Nantwich Community Orchard May 2021 Apples
Fruit varieties in Nantwich Community Orchard May 2021 Text and photographs by Malcolm Reid The orchard was established in 2008 and now consists of forty-five trees, including twenty-six apple varieties, some of which are long-established cultivars, and a few particular to Cheshire. There are also three varieties of pear tree and three different sorts of plum tree. The information on the trees and their fruit was mainly produced using the following sources: A Guide to the Orchard and Kitchen Garden by George Lindley, edited by John Lindley, 1831 The Book of Apples by Joan Morgan and Alison Richards, 1993 The Apple Book by Rosie Sanders, 2010 The National Fruit Collection database http://www.nationalfruitcollection.org.uk/ Details from Elizabeth Falding of the fruit trees propagated by Tony Gentil All the photographs were taken in the community orchard. Apples Arthur W Barnes Culinary (cooking) apple This variety of apple tree was first cultivated in 1902 by NF Barnes and is named after his son, who was killed during the First World War. NF Barnes was the head gardener at the Duke of Westminster’s estate at Eaton Hall, near Chester. The apples are best picked in mid-September when they have turned red. They cook well, making a juicy, lemon coloured purée, with plenty of bite and flavour. Ashmead's Kernel Dessert (eating) apple Although this type of tree was first grown by Dr Ashmead, in Gloucestershire, in about 1700, it was not until the mid-19th century that it became widely planted in England. The fruits are best picked in early October when they have a yellowish-green, brown, and orange-red appearance.
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A Manual Key for the Identification of Apples Based on the Descriptions in Bultitude (1983)
A MANUAL KEY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF APPLES BASED ON THE DESCRIPTIONS IN BULTITUDE (1983) Simon Clark of Northern Fruit Group and National Orchard Forum, with assistance from Quentin Cleal (NOF). This key is not definitive and is intended to enable the user to “home in” rapidly on likely varieties which should then be confirmed in one or more of the manuals that contain detailed descriptions e.g. Bunyard, Bultitude , Hogg or Sanders . The varieties in this key comprise Bultitude’s list together with some widely grown cultivars developed since Bultitude produced his book. The page numbers of Bultitude’s descriptions are included. The National Fruit Collection at Brogdale are preparing a list of “recent” varieties not included in Bultitude(1983) but which are likely to be encountered. This list should be available by late August. As soon as I receive it I will let you have copy. I will tabulate the characters of the varieties so that you can easily “slot them in to” the key. Feedback welcome, Tel: 0113 266 3235 (with answer phone), E-mail [email protected] Simon Clark, August 2005 References: Bultitude J. (1983) Apples. Macmillan Press, London Bunyard E.A. (1920) A Handbook of Hardy Fruits; Apples and Pears. John Murray, London Hogg R. (1884) The Fruit Manual. Journal of the Horticultural Office, London. Reprinted 2002 Langford Press, Wigtown. Sanders R. (1988) The English Apple. Phaidon, Oxford Each variety is categorised as belonging to one of eight broad groups. These groups are delineated using skin characteristics and usage i.e. whether cookers, (sour) or eaters (sweet).
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Scion List 2013 April 6
Airlie Red Flesh Amere de Berthcourt 7 small American Forestier Arkansas Black 3 Ashmeads Kernel 10 Baldwin Baxter Beauty of Bath Bedan des parts Belle Fille Belle Sans Pepin Belle de Boskoop Binet Rouge Bitterforest Apple Black Crofton Blanc Mollet Blenheim Orange Brabant Bellefleur de Bramley's Seedling 10 Bramtot Breakwells Seedling Brown Snout 40 Brown Thorn Browns Apple Bulmer's Norman Calville Blanc D Hiver 6 Campfield Cap of Liberty Catshead Chisel Jersey 6 Cimitiere Coat Jersey Cole Colozette Coos River Beauty Court Pendu Plat Court Pendu Rose Court Royal Cox Orange Pippin Crimson King Crow Egg Dabinett 18 Dap D'Or Democrat Domaine Doux Normandie Drap d'Or Guemene Dufflin ** Duchess Favorite Duchess Of Oldenburg Dymock Red Ellis Bitter English Redstreak Esopus Spitzenburg Fall Pippin Fameuse Fillbarrel Finkenwerder Herbstprinz Flower of Kent Foxwhelp Frequin Frequin Audievre Geeveston Fanny 6 Gilpin Golden Harvey Golden Hornet Golden Noble Golden Russett 35 Goolsbey Granniwinkle Granny Smith Grimes Golden Grindstone Gros Frequin Harrison Harrys Master Jersey 7 Harvey Holland Improved Dove Karmijn De Sonneville Keswick Codlin Kidd's Orange Red 4 Kingston Black Lambrook Pippin Le Bret Liberty London Pippin Lord Derby Loyalist Lubsk Queen Lyman Prolific ** Major Marachal Marin Onfroy Maude Medaille D'Or Melrose Merton Russet Metais Mettais Michelin 13 Minnesota 1734 Muscadet de Dieppe 11 Muscadet de Lense Muscadet des Bernet Nehou Noel Deschamps Norfolk Beefing Northern Spy Northwood Peau D'Ane Peau de Vache Pethyre Pitmaston Pine Apple Plum Pomme Gris ** Porters Perfection Red Astrachan Red Cox's Pamona Red Jersey (loyal drain) Red Spitzenburg Redstreak Reine des Hatives Reine des Pommes 11 Reinette de Reinette 3 Reinette Du Canada Reinette Gris 1 Rene Martin Ribston Pippin Rhode Island Greenling Ross Nonpareil Rousse Latour Roxbury Russett Sherrington Norman ** Skyrmes Kernel Slippery Cider Somerset Redstreak Souvenir de Fernand Cognet St.
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Britain's Cider Apples
eat rows of young apple trees stand in a peaceful orchard close to Hereford. THE MAN Carefully staked and protected by wire fencing, WHO SAVED they guide the eye towards spectacular views of Hay Bluff and the Black Mountains. This is Tidnor Wood, Henry NMay’s piece of paradise, where for 14 years he worked, worried and enjoyed many moments BRITAIN’S of pleasure – picking apples as they hung heavy on the boughs, sharing barbecues with workers at the end of a hard day. Henry, however, is no ordinary grower and CIDER this is no ordinary orchard. It has now become a gene pool, regenerating Britain with hundreds of rare cider-apple varieties that would otherwise have been lost to the nation. Over years, the former Customs & Excise APPLES officer, now 71, built up a unique collection. Henry May had just been looking Slack-Ma-Girdle, Bloody Turk and Greasy Butcher are just some of the 400 varieties for a quirky project to occupy his time. growing here, with names evoking long- He ended up making an enormous vanished days when every West Country farmhouse had a few apple trees and workers contribution to our horticultural history were part-paid in cider. Yet the orchard came about almost by accident. Words Susannah Hickling In his mid-50s, Henry was living in Portrait Sean Malyon Northampton, had made money on property and wanted an unusual project. He had once been based in Hereford, where he checked the excise-duty records of cider companies and had enjoyed being involved with their work – including drinking the fruits of production! Since the Fifties, 90% of traditional orchards had vanished, lost to housing, other crops or intensive, commercial growing practices.
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Americus Crab Americus Crab -Side Arkansas Black Arkansas Black -Side Ashmeads Kernel
Americus Crab Americus Crab -side Arkansas Black Arkansas Black -side Ashmeads Kernel Ashmeads Kernel -side Baldwin Baldwin -side Beacon Beacon -side Bella Vista Bella Vista -side Binet Blanc Binet Blanc -side Blenheim Orange Blenheim Orange -side Blushing Golden Blushing Golden -side BWO Early WI Red BWO Early WI Red -side BWO Sweet Thingy BWO Sweet Thingy -side Calville Blanc dHiver Calville Blanc dHiver -side Chenango Strawberry Chenango Strawberry -side Chestnut Crab Chestnut Crab -side Chisel Jersey (faux) -side Chisel Jersey (faux) Coat Jersey Coat Jersey -side Connell Red Connell Red -side Coos Bay Late Coos Bay Late -side Cornell Sour Cornell Sour -side Cornell Sweet Cornell Sweet -side Cortland Cortland -side Cox's Orange Pippin Cox's Orange Pippin -side Cricket Creek Yellow Crab Cricket Creek Yellow Crab - Crimson King Crimson King -side Crispin Crispin -side side Davey Davey -side Dolgo Crab Dolgo Crab -side Domaine Domaine -side DS-99 DS-99 -side DS 428 DS 428 -side Duchess of Oldenburg Duchess of Oldenburg -side Early Jon Early Jon -side Empire Empire -side English Golden Russet English Golden Russet -side Esopus Spitzenberg Esopus Spitzenberg -side Fireside Fireside - side Frequin Rouge Frequin Rouge -side Fuji Fuji -side Gala Gala -side Gallia Beauty Gallia Beauty -side Genesis II Genesis II -side Golden Delicious Golden Delicious -side Golden Nugget Golden Nugget -side Granny Smith Granny Smith -side Gravenstein Gravenstein -side Greendale Greendale -side Grimes Golden Grimes Golden -side Haralson Haralson -side Holdren's
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Gibbs Orchard June 2020
Sheet1 GIBBS FARM HERITAGE ORCHARD Cleveland Ave Rootstock 2012 Open Rootstock 2011 Developed: No graft Developed: No graft Introduced: Rodent killed graft Introduced: Rodent killed graft Rootstock lives Rootstock lives 2020 2020 Roxbury Russet2015 Chestnut Crab2001 or later Summer Rambo 2016 Developed: pre-1635 Massachusetts Developed: 1946 Minnesota; Discovered: 1535 France Introduced:1635-1649 sweet-tart Introduced:1949 Sweet, aromatic; Introduced:1600s, tart, vinous,aromatic unknown, seedling late Sept. to Malinda x open-pollinated late Aug to U.S.: 1767; late Aug. to early Oct. (Siberian Crab ??) early Sept. unknown seedling ?? early Sept. (Fameuse) Snow Apple 2013 Chestnut Crab1999 Malinda 1999 – 2000 Discovered: 1600s Canada Developed: 1946 Minnesota; Discovered: 1860; Vermont Introduced:by 1730 not tart, aromatic Introduced:1949 Sweet, aromatic; Introduced: 1860; sweet unknown, seedling late Sept. to Malinda x open-pollinated late Aug to unknown, seedling early to mid Oct. early Oct. (Siberian Crab ??) early Sept. Black Oxford2015 Sops of Wine 2005 – 2010 Duchess of Oldenburg 1999 discovered: 1790s; Maine; Developed: 1832 United Kingdom; Discovered: 1600s Russia introduced: 1860; sweet-tart,aromatic; Introduced:1832 Vinuos, aromatic; Introduced:1700s tart, aromatic Unknown, seedling mid to late Oct. unknown, seedling early Aug. U.S.: 1835 mid Aug. unknown Frostbite (MN447) 2013 Northwest Greening 1999 – 2000 Dudley 1999 Developed: 1921 Minnesota Developed: late 1860's ; Wisconsin; Developed: 1877 Maine Introduced: 2008 sweet, aromatic Introduced: 1872; not tart, aromatic; Introduced: 1891 tart, aromatic Malinda, open-pollinated late Sept. to Golden Russet x early to mid Oct. open-pollinated; New mid Sept. early Oct. Alexander Brunswicker x Hyslop Crab Gravenstein 2014 Wealthy 2013 Ashmead's Kernel 2016 Larpenteur Avenue Developed: pre-1635 Massachusetts Developed: 1860; Minnesota Discovered:1870 United Kingdom Introduced:1635-1649 sweet-tart Introduced:1868; not tart, sweet Introduced:1870s sweet-tart, aromati c unknown, seedling late Sept.
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Apple Pollination Groups
Flowering times of apples RHS Pollination Groups To ensure good pollination and therefore a good crop, it is essential to grow two or more different cultivars from the same Flowering Group or adjacent Flowering Groups. Some cultivars are triploid – they have sterile pollen and need two other cultivars for good pollination; therefore, always grow at least two other non- triploid cultivars with each one. Key AGM = RHS Award of Garden Merit * Incompatible with each other ** Incompatible with each other *** ‘Golden Delicious’ may be ineffective on ‘Crispin’ (syn. ‘Mutsu’) Flowering Group 1 Very early; pollinated by groups 1 & 2 ‘Gravenstein’ (triploid) ‘Lord Suffield’ ‘Manks Codlin’ ‘Red Astrachan’ ‘Stark Earliest’ (syn. ‘Scarlet Pimpernel’) ‘Vista Bella’ Flowering Group 2 Pollinated by groups 1,2 & 3 ‘Adams's Pearmain’ ‘Alkmene’ AGM (syn. ‘Early Windsor’) ‘Baker's Delicious’ ‘Beauty of Bath’ (partial tip bearer) ‘Beauty of Blackmoor’ ‘Ben's Red’ ‘Bismarck’ ‘Bolero’ (syn. ‘Tuscan’) ‘Cheddar Cross’ ‘Christmas Pearmain’ ‘Devonshire Quarrenden’ ‘Egremont Russet’ AGM ‘George Cave’ (tip bearer) ‘George Neal’ AGM ‘Golden Spire’ ‘Idared’ AGM ‘Irish Peach’ (tip bearer) ‘Kerry Pippin’ ‘Keswick Codling’ ‘Laxton's Early Crimson’ ‘Lord Lambourne’ AGM (partial tip bearer) ‘Maidstone Favourite’ ‘Margil’ ‘Mclntosh’ ‘Red Melba’ ‘Merton Charm’ ‘Michaelmas Red’ ‘Norfolk Beauty’ ‘Owen Thomas’ ‘Reverend W. Wilks’ ‘Ribston Pippin’ AGM (triploid, partial tip bearer) ‘Ross Nonpareil’ ‘Saint Edmund's Pippin’ AGM (partial tip bearer) ‘Striped Beefing’ ‘Warner's King’ AGM (triploid) ‘Washington’ (triploid) ‘White Transparent’ Flowering Group 3 Pollinated by groups 2, 3 & 4 ‘Acme’ ‘Alexander’ (syn. ‘Emperor Alexander’) ‘Allington Pippin’ ‘Arthur Turner’ AGM ‘Barnack Orange’ ‘Baumann's Reinette’ ‘Belle de Boskoop’ AGM (triploid) ‘Belle de Pontoise’ ‘Blenheim Orange’ AGM (triploid, partial tip bearer) ‘Bountiful’ ‘Bowden's Seedling’ ‘Bramley's Seedling’ AGM (triploid, partial tip bearer) ‘Brownlees Russett’ ‘Charles Ross’ AGM ‘Cox's Orange Pippin’ */** ‘Crispin’ (syn.
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Apple Cider Jelly Excellent Cider Jelly Is Easily Made by Cooking Tart Apples in Hard Or Sweet Cider for 10 Minutes, Then Straining the Pulp Through Cheesecloth
Cider MAKING, USING & ENJOYING SWEET & HARD CIDER Third Edition ANNIE PROULX & LEW NICHOLS DEDICATED TO CIDER APPLES AND AMATEUR CIDERMAKERS EVERYWHERE The mission of Storey Publishing is to serve our customers by publishing practical information that encourages personal independence in harmony with the environment. Edited by Mary Grace Butler and Pamela Lappies Cover design by Karen Schober, Unleashed Books Cover illustration by Cyclone Design Text design by Cindy McFarland Text production by Eugenie Seide nberg Delaney Line drawings on pages 5, 6, 17, 140, 141 (top dr awing) by Beverly Duncan, and by Judy Elaison on page 141 (bottom) Indexed by Susan Olason, Indexes and Knowledge Maps Professional assistance by John Vittori, Furnace Brook W inery Third Edition © 2003 by Storey Publishing, LLC Originally published in 1980 by Garden Way Publ ishing. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages or reproduce illustrations in a review with appropriate credits; nor may any part of this book be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means — electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or other — without written permission from the publisher. The information in this book is true and complete to the best of our knowledge. All recommendations are made without guarantee on the part of the author or Storey Publishing. The author and publisher disclaim any liability in connection with the use of this information. For additional information please contact Storey Publishing, 210 MASS MoCAWay, North Adams, MA 01247.
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HERITAGE APPLES of SOUTHWESTERN B. C. (Do You Know of Any?)
HERITAGE APPLES of SOUTHWESTERN B. C. (do you know of any?) As early as 1855, apple orchards were planted in the vicinity of Victoria, and elsewhere on Vancouver Island and the Gulf Islands. Also, some apples were planted as single trees to supply fruit for farm families. Many old apple trees still exist on sub- divided properties that were once part of an old farm or orchard. Listed below are some of the more common varieties that were grown locally a hundred years ago. We wish to photograph these and any other old apples if you are confident of their identity. If you have or know of any old varieties, please let us know. We have pictures for those shown with a tilde (~), but in many cases we would like verification. A couple of the objectives of this project are, one; to produce a colour photo album for easier identification of the many old apples visitors bring to our shows, and two; to document the existing heritage apples of Vancouver Island and the Gulf Islands. ~Alexander, Emperor (1,5,6,7,9,12) Rome Beauty (7,12) (American Pippin) (3) ~Grimes Golden (1,7,9,10,12) Roxbury Russet (1,5) ~Astrachan, Red (1,3,4,5,6,7,11,12) (Haas) (1,6) Royal Jubilee (Graham Royal Jubilee) ~Astrachan, White (8) Hightop Sweet (Sweet June) St. Lawrence (Montreal) (7) ~Baldwin (1,2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12) ~ (Holland Pippin) (1) Salome (1,7,9,12) Barcelona Pearmain (1) Hubbardson Nonsuch (1) Smith's Cider (1) Baumann's Reinette (12) Irish Peach (6) ~(Snow) (1,7,12) Baxter's Pearmain (11) Jennetting, Fall (3) ~Spokane Beauty (8,10) Beauty of Kent (1) (Jersey Sweet)
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R Graphics Output
Aberystwyth University Development of a minimal KASP marker panel for distinguishing genotypes in apple collections Winfield, Mark; Burridge, Amanda; Ordidge, Matthew; Harper, Helen; Wilkinson, Paul; Thorogood, Danny; Copas, Liz; Edwards, Keith; Barker, Gary Published in: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242940 Publication date: 2020 Citation for published version (APA): Winfield, M., Burridge, A., Ordidge, M., Harper, H., Wilkinson, P., Thorogood, D., Copas, L., Edwards, K., & Barker, G. (2020). Development of a minimal KASP marker panel for distinguishing genotypes in apple collections. PLoS One, 15(11), [e0242940]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242940 Document License CC BY General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Aberystwyth Research Portal (the Institutional Repository) are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the Aberystwyth Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the Aberystwyth Research Portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
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