Froglog Past Is- Sues
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ROGLOG FNewsletter of the IUCN/SSC Amphibian Specialist Group Habitat change and amphibian conservation in the Atlantic Forest of Bahia, Brazil Moacir S. Tinoco, Henrique C. Browne Ribeiro, Rodrigo Cerqueira, VOL 89 OCT 2008 Marcelo A. Dias, Itaquaracy A. Nascimento WHAt’s INSIDE dyllic weather invites an early morning walk on the sandy Ibeaches of the coast of Bahia. Tourists experiencing the Cover story beach can’t imagine that about 10 Habitat change and amphbian con- cm below the sand surface lies a tiny servation in Bahia, Brazil Page 1 frog – the four eyed frog (Pleurodema diplolistris). This anuran digs into the Seed Grant Reports clean, clear sand, searching for mois- Malformations in Sri Lankan frogs Page 4 ture and escaping the heat of the day. Every year thousands of people visit DAPTF Seed Grants Page 5 this part of the country; this increas- ing popularity is stimulating all types Around the World of human development, which results Possible competition between two in severe habitat change and loss. species of frogs in the Seychelles Restinga The northeast of Bahia houses a Islands Page 6 unique ecosystem – the Restinga. Bahia contains around 4% Seven new species of Ecuadorian of all Restinga in Brazil glassfrogs discovered Page 7 (SCHINEIDER and TEIXEIRA, 2001), Announcements including a portion of Dr SD Biju receives 2008 Sabin this habitat in the At- Award for Amphibian Conservation lantic Forest, classified Page 10 as a high biological importance area (SOS, Instructions to Authors Page 12 2008). Four eyed frog, Pleurodema diplolistris 1 HABITAT CHANGE AND AMPHIBIAN CONSErvaTION IN BAHIA, BRAZIL Continued from Cover page rent protected areas network. Because the Restinga is a hot Field work consists of sur- and dry ecosystem, amphib- veying anurans within the re- ians have specific requirements gion, classifying species threats for the resources there. The and population dynamics, as maintenance of these habitats well as applying environmen- is crucial for the conservation tal techniques to reduce habi- of this biodiversity (ROCHA tat loss and minimize the risks Allobates olfersioides to ecological commu- nities, by preserving or auspices of the Centro ECOA restoring habitats. we are conducting the Pro- We are covering 19 Restinga, an NGO project localities in eight coast- working alongside IBAMA al municipalities, from (National Environmental In- Salvador to Jandaíra on stitute) and ICMBio (Chico a long term study that Mendes Biodiversity Insti- began in January 2005 tute), to create protected ar- and is ongoing. The eas in the region. These will et al., 2007). As a result of their study area includes all Rest- represent the first PA’s with adaptations and environmental inga habitat types (sand dune integral protection and may quality requirements, habitat beaches; scrub vegetation; serve as important refuge for degradation and loss represent ponds; and dry forest). endangered amphibians and a big threat to frogs. These studies will help us to other vertebrates. These areas identify priorites for amphib- are intended to cover 1/3 of Tourists can’t imag- ian conservation within the the total Restinga range, with ine that 10cm below region. Most of the protected over 78,000 ha protected. areas allow sustainable the surface of the use, which compro- sand lies a tiny frog mises species survival because of intense habi- There is a pressing need to tat change promoted by measure to what extent habitat urban and tourism de- changes are affecting amphib- velopment. Therefore, ian populations and communi- understanding species ties, and find out which species geographic distribu- are suffering its direct effects. tions is crucial to direct Leptodactylus troglodytes The aim of this study is to in- and reinforce conserva- vestigate the impact of habitat tion public policies. There are some significant loss on anurans along 220 km In addition to environmen- outcomes from the project: of coast covering the entire cur- tal management, under the During the last three years we 2 HABITAT CHANGE AND AMPHIBIAN CONSErvaTION IN BAHIA, BRAZIL Continued from previous page abundance. However, even P. components (Restinga scrub have censused over 2,000 indi- diplolistris and L. troglodytes, and temporary pond). viduals from 49 anuran and 1 which occurred in high densi- • Structural complexity within caecilian species, representing ties on preserved habitats, were Restinga (large scrub vegeta- over 5% of Brazilian diversity. absent from sites further south tion surrounded by “blow- For the next three years, the with more human pressure. outs” formations (ME- project will focus on five tar- Therefore, species were well NEZES, 2007)) influenced get species. Our preliminary represented in the far north, the persistence of anurans, results indicate that these are where human development especially P. melanomystax the most threatened by the en- has not yet resulted in exten- which is endemic to the eco- vironmental loss in the region: sive habitat change. system in the states of Bahia Allobates olfersioides, Phyl- and Sergipe (IUCN, 2008). lodytes melanomystax, Hyal- • We strongly recommend, inobatrachium eurygnathum, in the short term, measures Pleurodema diplolistris and to create public and private Leptodactylus troglodytes. protected areas, to preserve, These frogs exhibit specific study, monitor and describe habitat use strategies within population trends for these Hyalinobatrachium eurygnathum this ecosystem. The first three amphibian species in the re- are closely tied to bromeliad gion. species’ (Hohenbergia littora- eneral findings to date in- lis, CR), endemic to this por- Gclude: Corresponding author: moacir- tion of the Atlantic Forest. • Landscape context is im- [email protected]; moacirst@ Pleurodema diplolistris lives portant for amphibians — ucsal.br buried into the sand to escape conditions in the matrix in- dehydration, especially during fluence their presence and Acknowledgements the dry season, and L. troglo- abundance in remnants. We thank Centro ECOA –UC- dytes depends on the quality • Larger remnants supported SAL – coordination for pro- of permanent and temporary more amphibians. How- moting amphibian conserva- ponds throughout the year. ever, smaller heterogeneous tion in Bahia; IBAMA for the We have already found that remnants were used by partnership. APA de Mangue H. eurygnathum (not previ- many species for shelter Seco management council, for ously described for the re- and breeding. the support; Lacerta Ambi- gion), Allobates olfersioides, • Important interactions oc- ental for the financial aids on and P. melanomystax are curred between patches and projects; Dr. Richard Griffiths, strongly associated with bro- amphibians. Many species DICE/Kent for helping on this meliad abundance, and where occurred in the matrix be- article and especially the IUCN/ these plants are removed frogs cause of the spatial juxta- SSC ASG for the opportunity. are absent or exhibit very low position of two landscape 3 SEED GRANT REPORTS Limb malformations in Microhylids in Mihintale, Sri Lanka Anslem de Silva, W.P.R. Chandrathna, H.M.N. Chalaochani, M.M Gooneksekera, T.V Sundarabarathi & S. Nathaneal reliminary studies on mal- FAMILY: MICROHYLI- Pformations, abnormalities, DAE Günther, 1858 injuries and parasitic infections Genus: Kaloula Gray, 1831 in amphibians in the country Kaloula taprobanica (Com- by one of the authors (Anslem mon bull frog) checked 21 de Silva) have observed mal- specimens and malformations formed and parasitic infected observed in 1 (5 %). amphibians in several loca- Genus: Microhyla Tschudi, tions of the country. This com- 1838 munication is on the investi- Microhyla rubra (Red nar- gations conducted from May row mouth frog) checked 9 to August 2008 on congenital specimens and malformations malformations in Microhylids observed in 1 (11 %) inhabiting the campus park Figure 2. Ecotmelia in hind limb of the Rajarata University and within a one kilometre radius from the campus, located in were identified using the guide Mihintale (80021’ 11.7’’N by Meteyer (2000. Field Guide and 080 30’ 09.6’’ E) in the to Malformation of Frogs and dry zone lowlands (150-170 m Toads. Biological Science Re- above sea level), in Sri Lanka. port). The following malformations Figure 3. Ectrodactly in Ramanella variegata Genus: Ramanella Rao and Ramanna, 1925 Ramanella variegata (White- bellied pug snout frog) checked 79 specimens and malforma- tions observed in 9 (11%) Genus: Uperodon Dumeril and Bibron, 1841 Uperodon systoma (Balloon Figure 1. Ectomelia in hind limb 4 SEED GRANTS LIMB MALFORMATIONS IN SRI LANKA Continued from previous page etc) in Sri Lanka. A number of research articles on mal- formations due to the effects of agrochemicals and Trema- todes which acts at the ‘limb- bud’ during its formation are available in Froglog past is- sues. Pesticides and chemical fertilizers are used extensively in agriculture and plantations in Mihintale area where there are many paddy and maize Figure 4. Missing finger inK aloula taprobanica fields and vegetable cultiva- tions. Presently detail inves- frog) checked 8 specimens and (Figure 4). The first report on tigations are in progress on malformations observed in 1 malformations of Ramanella these aspects. (13%) variegata from Mihintale on Of the deformities observed missing fingers was reported Corresponding author: in our preliminary series, three by Chalalochni (2007). Ra- Anslem de Silva: kalds@slt- specimens of Ramanella varie- diography of the malformed net.lk gata and