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Indonesian Journal Of Education Teaching and Learning (IJETL)

EDUCATION BASED ON SUNDA LAND WISDOM

Nana Sutarna STKIP Muhammadiyah Kuningan,

Info Artikel Abstract ______Article History: This study aims to describe the diversity of forms of Sundanese wisdom, design Received (January) (2021) strategies for the implementation of Sundanese wisdom in the world of education Approved ( February) (2021) and arrange a systematic flow scheme in the process of internalizing Sundanese Published ( March) (2021) wisdom values in learning activities. By using a qualitative method, an analytical ______descriptive approach. The harmony of with the natural Keywords: surroundings results in increasingly complex local wisdom. So a strategy was Keywords: Education, designed to facilitate the process of implementing Sundanese wisdom values. The sunda land wisdom. discussion is reviewed in depth by making a systematic flow scheme of the internalization process. Then included examples of the application of the internalization of the wisdom values of Sundanese Land in PAUD institutions. This design and scheme is intended to facilitate the reader in implementing Sundanese wisdom values, especially integrating them in the world of education so as to raise the existence of Sundanese wisdom, maintain national identity and live in harmony with a cultured society.

© 2021 Nana Sutarna Under the license CC BY-SA 4.0  Correspondence address: E-mail : [email protected]

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continuity of their cultural existence INTRODUCTION (Rasyidin et al, 2017). Through educational One of the characteristics of the State of institutions, it is considered capable of Indonesia is that it consists of a pluralistic maintaining the continuity of existence even society. The plurality of a society can be seen though members of the community in it from two aspects, namely cultural pluralism change. and social pluralism. Cultural pluralism is Education based on the wisdom of the Land determined by genetic-social indicators (race, of Sunda is an educational process that ethnicity, ethnicity), culture (culture, values, internalizes the cultural values of the people habits), language, religion, region and even in the Land of Sunda. In it there is the caste (Affandy, 2017). While social is development of the potential of students determined by indicators such as class, through understanding, appreciation and status, strength and institutions. Of course, practice of the values of Sundanese wisdom. each tribe has its own local wisdom. Sunda land is located in the area of West Local wisdom is a view of life and Java. Covering the Priangan area, namely: knowledge as well as various activities in the Bandung, Sumedang, Tasikmalaya, Cianjur, form of life strategies in local communities and surrounding areas. The area touched by to answer various problems in their needs two cultures, namely Sundanese and (Njatrijani, 2018). Sundanese is one of them, Javanese culture (Yogyakarta), namely in which there is a harmonious local wisdom. Cirebon. While there are also coastal areas of Sundanese land wisdom is a system in the such as Karawang and Subang or life order of the Sundanese people, which known as kaleran, have cultural includes a dynamic and sustainable social characteristics that are somewhat different and cultural system in the form of a set of from Priangan because of their location in rules, values, norms, and knowledge that coastal areas and ports so that they intersect continues to develop from generation to with other ethnic groups. However, these generation. Sundanese land wisdom can also areas are still in one family, Sundanese be interpreted as various aspects of culture culture. found in Sundanese land. This dynamic Sundanese people are people who love characteristic of culture is inseparable from mountains (Indrawardana, 2012). This is the role of education as a social institution. evidenced by the many community activities Where not only changes and reforms society in the mountains and managing mountainous in terms of cultural values, but also functions areas as agricultural land and livestock. In to transmit and pass on cultural values and addition, evidence of the closeness of the regulate social behavior systems based on Sundanese people to the mountain can be local customary norms. This shows that seen from the works of art. Many songs, changes in cultural values can occur as a Sundanese kawih, carpon with the theme of result of the educational process. mountains or life in the mountains. Education as a social institution that has a At this time, there are various studies that are conservative function focuses on a review of in line with the title of this article. Some of local wisdom which is a form of them are: "Sundanese Local Wisdom in revitalization or reviving the spirit of cultural Education" explains that in the community wealth which in turn will color Indonesian there has been a shift in views on Sundanese education in carrying out its identity cultural values, the lack of literacy sources (Herlambang, 2018). Based on this opinion, for Sundanese local wisdom and the findings education cannot be separated from the state that some schools are aware of the culture of the local community so that importance of Sundanese cultural inheritance education must be based on the values of (Hermawan, 2012). This research is based on local cultural wisdom. knowing: the process of inheriting the value Educational institutions are one of the social of Sundanese local wisdom in the Sundanese institutions in the context of the enculturation community, the process of integrating process to deliver individuals into the life of educational activities with the values of a cultured society and maintain the Sundanese local wisdom, and the role of schools as an institution for inheriting the

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E-ISSN.xxxxxx values of Sundanese local wisdom. However, crafts, wood carving and woven there is a problem, namely the bamboo. The performing arts include incompatibility of the findings with the golek, folk dances, traditional ceremonies, and formulation of the problem listed. So there is theater. no right answer to what the stages of the 3) Customs process of inheriting local values are, as well This custom is a rule in the form of values and as the details received by students for norms that become the habits of the integrating educational activities with the Sundanese people in social life. The values of Sundanese local wisdom. Sundanese people are very thick with their There is a Purwakarta government program quotes in the form of recommendations and that integrates the values of Sundanese local prohibitions. Suggestions in Sundanese wisdom in learning in schools which every wisdom include being virtuous, obedient, day has the theme intelligent, noble, kind, and many more. RESEARCH METHOD However, the most strongly held by the This study uses a qualitative method. By using Sundanese people are cageur, bageur, bener, a descriptive analytical approach. The main pinter, tur singer (healthy, good, true, smart, purpose of using this method is to understand and introspective). The essence of aqidah and more deeply about the treasures of Sundanese faith in Islamic teachings is the act of the wisdom based on the existing theoretical basis heart, namely the justification of the heart that and analyze the suitability of the can be accepted (justified) by reason (Siauw internalization of wisdom values. & Abdurrahman, 2018). From this, it is revealed that the values of Sundanese wisdom FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION are in line with Islamic concepts. There are types of excerpts such as the following The values of Sundanese wisdom can be according to (Sudjana & Hartati, 2011): studied from many sources, such as: literary works, wayang stories, inscriptions, chronicles, folklore, pupuh, Sisindir, and the life of the people of Naga, Baduy people, and Kampung Pulo Ciamis which are still thick with culture. The form of Sundanese wisdom can be seen from: 1) The treasures of the language Language is a sound issued by living things, which is used as a tool to communicate between each other. Kulsum (2014) stated that the number of Sundanese elements included in the fourth edition of the KBBI (labeled Elementary) was 161 vocabularies. This indicates the richness of the so that there is no term in Indonesian yet. Efforts to preserve Sundanese are by including Sundanese in many official institutions as the language of choice, and TV broadcasts from the government that specifically use Sundanese (Sundalana, 2013). This shows how rich Sundanese is so that it deserves to be used more widely. 2) Art Starting from the art of music, there are angklung beans, gamelan, harp flute and rampak drums. The dance arts are , renggong horse, bajidoran, and Sisingaan.

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" kudu sapapait samamanis, sabagja cilaka " local wisdom in learning at school. Asmani (in Herlambang, 2018) suggests that there are (Must be both bitter and sweet, together in stages of school implementation strategies disaster) The quote is a family attitude that based on local wisdom, namely: must always be together in joy and sorrow as well as a recommendation to maintain 1) Local Advantage Inventory Stage togetherness both in family and community life in order to create a harmonious This stage is used to identify all regional environment. The prohibitions in Sundanese advantages in every aspect of potential (SDA, wisdom include being selfish, pitting against HR, Geography, History, Culture). Pay each other, low self-esteem, fighting, attention to the potential of local advantages perfunctory and many more. Nukilan in and identify them by collecting sources sentence form as follows (Sudjana & Hartati, through literature, interviews, observations 2011): and documentation. Then group the results of each aspect of competitive and comparative “dikukung teu diawur, dicangcang teu local advantage. diparaban” (locked up not cared for, tied up not fed) 2) Stage of Education Unit Readiness Analysis This quote is addressed to a husband who At this stage the educator or team analyzes the neglects his wife. Does not provide for the internal and external advantages of the wife. Sundanese people are very reluctant to education unit seen from various aspects. take responsibility for those who are Identifying real internal school data including responsible, so the quote is often used as a students, Sarpas, supervisors. threat in the form of social sanctions for perpetrators who are not responsible for their wives.

4) Natural Resources and HR

Sundanese people always describe a harmonious relationship with nature. The activities of the Kampung Naga community, both in their livelihoods and their interactions with nature, illustrate a symbiotic mutualism between humans and nature that runs in harmony (Wiradimadja, 2018). People still (Figure 1. Implementation Strategy Based on use traditional agricultural tools in order to Sundanese Wisdom in the World of Education.) preserve nature, food needs are obtained from agricultural products so that the dishes are The values of local wisdom or culture must be very traditional nuances such as lotek, bala- the basis of learning for students. According bala, colenak etc. The creation of unique to Panjaitan, et al (in Herlambang, 2018) there games played by Sundanese children made are several kinds of culture-based learning, from natural ingredients such as congklak, which are as follows: stilts, engkle etc. The diversity of forms of 1) Placing the pose of culture as a field of Sundanese wisdom in fact does not make this study specifically studied in the cultural wisdom more famous from generation to studies program. In this case, culture is not generation. The existence of the dynamics of integrated with any field of science. life in a global format makes Sundanese 2) Placing culture as a method for studying wisdom seem to experience alienation. So that certain subjects. efforts are needed to maintain the existence of 3) Realizing the understanding or meaning this culture by instilling a love for the Land of created in a learning in a cultural perspective. Sunda, especially to the next generation of the 4) The embodiment of culture in everyday nation. One way is to integrate the values of life.

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E-ISSN.xxxxxx 5) Through traditional games and folk songs. This stage is carried out not only through 6) Through folklore. introduction and understanding but through 7) Through the use of traditional tools. habituation and example by all elements of In line with that, Muhaimin (in Herlambang, the school, especially teachers. The teacher 2018) suggests that there are three stages of stimulates children to mention the meaning internalization of local wisdom in the learning and wisdom of learning activities and then process, namely: (1) The stage of value guides them to straighten the child's transformation; (2) Value transaction stage; intentions. Values can be taken from wayang (3) Transinternalization stage. stories, namely: polite, friendly, honest, The systematic flow scheme for internalizing disciplined, cheerful, not greedy, obeying the local wisdom values in learning activities. rules, etc. The Wayang story is the result of a Based on Muhaimin's opinion, this scheme work of art that is noble, monumental, and has was created as an example of the very philosophical value so that it is able to internalization of Sundanese wisdom values convey cultural values, beauty and character adapted to learning activities in PAUD. One assertiveness (Nurgiyantoro, 2011). These level of education that seeks to provide values must be applied in daily life so that quality fundamental education services they reflect themselves as a Sundanese according to age, the development of the cultured society. individual potential of children, and the socio- It is true that the wisdom of the Land of Sunda cultural life of children (Halimah, 2016). By cannot be seen and determined only from one taking the theme of the Center for Art and cultural source. There is a diversity of types of Natural Materials. This theme was appointed cultural elements so as to form a wisdom that as a process of internalizing the value of is characteristic of the Sundanese people. The Sundanese wisdom in PAUD learning complex form of Sundanese wisdom can be activities. The form of the activity is making seen from its very rich language treasures, its puppets from cassava leaves and then playing unique and creative arts, its natural resources the role of puppet characters according to the and human resources that influence each puppet characters in Sundaland, for example: other, as well as a set of rules in the form of Cepot, Semar, Petruk, Gareng. values and norms that become a habit for the PAUD learning is carried out through a Sundanese people. The Sundanese people live cultural approach that is packaged in a a life very in harmony with the nature around creative, entertaining and fun way. them. The harmony of the Sundanese people Implementation: with the surrounding nature directly or 1) Value Transform indirectly forms a mentality or character that At the value transformation stage, is in accordance with the environment and internalizing the use value of natural nature of life around it, revealed from folk materials, namely cassava leaves and cultural stories, excerpts, parables that are full of life values from wayang stories can help teachers guidelines and the names of people who take achieve learning competencies. In addition, many names and terms nature (Indrawardana, this activity can help develop physical-motor, 2012). This means that the harmony between artistic, language, cognitive, moral and the Sundanese people and nature is able to religious aspects, as well as social-emotional create its own wisdom values. In addition to in children. being economically profitable or to fulfill 2) Value Transaction clothing, food, shelter, the harmony can Where is the stage of acceptance and produce other works in the form of songs appreciation of the value of learning. At this (Kawih Sunda), handicrafts, etc. This is able stage the teacher establishes reciprocal to enrich the treasures of Sundanese wisdom. interactions with students about how to With the many benefits and virtues of the the making of the Wayang puppets, what the Sundanese wisdom, it is very unfortunate if Wayang stories are like, and how to play these values are no longer implemented in them. Sundanese society itself. The inclusion of 3) Transinternalization of Values global culture and the dynamic nature of the culture itself allows the wisdom of the

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Sundanese to experience alienation in their the system and other supporting aspects, it is own home. Seeing that the target of global expected to be able to create a harmonious culture is widely absorbed by young people, and cultured society. the design of a strategy for implementing Sundanese wisdom in the world of education REFERENCES is the most appropriate solution. Where in the teaching and learning activities integrate the Affandy, S. (2017). Penanaman Nilai-Nilai wisdom of the Sunda Land which is packaged Kearifan Lokal Dalam Meningkatkan in such a way that it is interesting to learn. Perilaku Keberagaman Peserta Didik. Atthulab, 2 (2),193-205. Based on the results of the analysis, the implementation of Sundanese wisdom values Halimah, L. (2016). Pengembangan Kurikulum in PKN learning, teachers can deliver material Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Bandung: that is combined with Sundanese wisdom Refika Aditama . values (Purwanti & Sapriya, 2017). These positive values are: social values, religious Herlambang, Y. T. (2018). Pedagogik. : values, cultural values, ethical and moral Bumi Aksara. values and leadership values. This proves that to elevate the existence of Sundanese culture Hermawan, I. (2012). Kearifan Lokal Sunda cannot be done completely. There needs to be Dalam Pendidikan. Widyariset, 15 a strategic design so that it is interesting to (1),29-36. learn and easy to implement. Indrawardana, I. (2012). Kearifan Lokal Adat Cooperation is needed to build the existence Masyarakat Sunda Dalam Hubungan of Sundanese wisdom. Collaboration between Dengan Lingkungan Alam . Komunitas, the community, the education system and the 4(1),1-8. law or bureaucracy will make the internalization process run as a whole. In line Kulsum, I. (2014). Menyelisik Kosakata Bahasa with the research that the Purwakarta Sunda Dalam Kamus Besar Bahasa government implements character education Indonesia Pusat Bahasa Edisi IV. based on Sundanese local wisdom known as 7 Metalingua , 12 (2),236-252. Poe Atikan, which from Monday to Sunday has its own theme in accordance with Njatrijani, R. (2018). Kearifan Lokal Dalam Perspektif Budaya Kota Semarang. Gema Sundanese culture (Permatasari & Hakam, Keadilan, 5 (1),16-31. 2017). The government's participation in the existence of Sundanese culture makes the Nurgiyantoro, B. (2011). Wayang Dan internalization of values more well-planned Pengembangan Karakter Bangsa . Jurnal and official. Pendidikan Karakter , 1(1),18-34. The process of internalizing the values of Sundanese wisdom in the field of education is Permatasari , I., & Hakam , K. A. (2017). The the biggest milestone in the existence of Development Of Character Education Sundanese culture, because in it there is an Based On Sundanese Local Wisdom. UPI educated young generation whose enthusiasm International Geography Seminar. and creative power are still very high. Bandung: Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.

CONCLUSION Purwanti, M. I., & Sapriya. (2017). Implementasi Sundanese aims to maintain the existence of Nilai-Nilai Kearifan Lokal Sunda Dalam Sundanese culture in the Sundanese Pembelajaran PKN Sebagai penguat community. The harmony of the Sundanese Karekter Siswa. Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu people with the surrounding nature has Sosial , 26(1),39-52. resulted in the increasing complexity of their local wisdom. In the world of education, the Rasyidin , W., & dkk. (2017 ). Landasan wisdom of Tanah Sunda can be implemented Pendidikan . Bandung: UPI Press. through stages and systematic flow schemes to facilitate the process of internalizing the values of local wisdom. With all the ease of

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E-ISSN.xxxxxx Siauw, F., & Abdurrahman, H. (2018). Islam Wiradimadja, A. (2018). Kearifan Lokal Rahmatan Lil Alamin. Jakarta: Alfatih Masyarakat Kampung Naga Sebagai Press. Konservasi Alam Dalam Menjaa Budaya Sunda. Jurnal Sosiologi Pendidikan Sudjana, & Hartati, S. (2011). Nukilan Kearifan Humanis, 3(1),1-8. Lokal Suku Sunda Berupa Anjuran Dan Larangan. Proceeding PESAT, 4,14-17.

Sundalana, S. (2013). Memelihara Sunda . Bandung: Dunia Pustaka Jaya.

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