Ceramics Monthly Nov96 Cei11
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Porcelain Cíqì 瓷 器
◀ POLO, Marco Comprehensive index starts in volume 5, page 2667. Porcelain Cíqì 瓷器 Porcelain was first made in China about 850ce . The essential ingredient is kaolin, a white clay that when fired at an extremely high temper- ature acquires a glassy surface. Porcelain wares were first exported to Europe during the twelfth century. By 1700 trade in Chinese porcelain was immense, with Ming dynasty wares, characterized by cobalt-blue-painted motifs, highly prized. orcelain is ceramic material made with kaolin, which is a fine, white clay. Porcelain wares were first made in China about 850ce during the Tang Ornately painted porcelain bowl. Potters of the dynasty (618– 907 ce). An Islamic traveler who had vis- Ming dynasty concentrated more on painted ited China in 851 saw clay vessels that resembled glass. design and less on form. Photo by Berkshire Evidence indicates that fine, white stoneware (pottery Publishing. made from high-firing clay other than kaolin) was made in China as early as 1400 bce, and potters appear to have been familiar with kaolin during the Han dynasty rather than gray or brown or rust colored) and high fusion (206 bce – 2 2 0 ce). But the forerunner of modern-day por- temperature (the high heat required to turn the ingredi- celain was not made until the Tang dynasty. Tang dynasty ents into porcelain). Chemically kaolin is made up of kao- porcelain is known as “hard-paste” or “true porcelain” and linite, quartz, feldspar, muscovite, and anastase. Kaolin was made by mixing kaolin, which is formed by the decay and petuntse are fused by firing in a kiln at 980º C, then of feldspar, a chief constituent of granite, with petuntse, dipped in glaze and refired at about 1,300º C. -
Phase Evolution of Ancient and Historical Ceramics
EMU Notes in Mineralogy, Vol. 20 (2019), Chapter 6, 233–281 The struggle between thermodynamics and kinetics: Phase evolution of ancient and historical ceramics 1 2 ROBERT B. HEIMANN and MARINO MAGGETTI 1Am Stadtpark 2A, D-02826 Go¨rlitz, Germany [email protected] 2University of Fribourg, Department of Geosciences, Earth Sciences, Chemin du Muse´e 6, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland [email protected] This contribution is dedicated to the memory of Professor Ursula Martius Franklin, a true pioneer of archaeometric research, who passed away at her home in Toronto on July 22, 2016, at the age of 94. Making ceramics by firing of clay is essentially a reversal of the natural weathering process of rocks. Millennia ago, potters invented simple pyrotechnologies to recombine the chemical compounds once separated by weathering in order to obtain what is more or less a rock-like product shaped and decorated according to need and preference. Whereas Nature reconsolidates clays by long-term diagenetic or metamorphic transformation processes, potters exploit a ‘short-cut’ of these processes that affects the state of equilibrium of the system being transformed thermally. This ‘short-cut’ is thought to be akin to the development of mineral-reaction textures resulting from disequilibria established during rapidly heated pyrometamorphic events (Grapes, 2006) involving contact aureoles or reactions with xenoliths. In contrast to most naturally consolidated clays, the solidified rock-like ceramic material inherits non-equilibrium and statistical states best described as ‘frozen-in’. The more or less high temperatures applied to clays during ceramic firing result in a distinct state of sintering that is dependent on the firing temperature, the duration of firing, the firing atmosphere, and the composition and grain-size distribution of the clay. -
Philippa H Deeley Ltd Catalogue 21 May 2016
Philippa H Deeley Ltd Catalogue 21 May 2016 1 A Victorian Staffordshire pottery flatback figural 16 A Staffordshire pottery flatback group of a seated group of Queen Victoria and King Victor lion with a Greek warrior on his back and a boy Emmanuel II of Sardinia, c1860, titled 'Queen and beside him with a bow, 39cm high £30.00 - £50.00 King of Sardinia', to the base, 34.5cm high £50.00 - 17 A Victorian Staffordshire pottery flatback figure of £60.00 the Prince of Wales with a dog, titled to the base, 2 A Victorian Staffordshire pottery figure of Will 37cm high £30.00 - £40.00 Watch, the notorious smuggler and privateer, 18 A Victorian Staffordshire flatback group of a girl on holding a pistol in each hand, titled to the base, a pony, 22cm high and another Staffordshire 32.5cm high £40.00 - £60.00 flatback group of a lady riding in a carriage behind 3 A Victorian Staffordshire pottery flatback figural a rearing horse, 22.5cm high £40.00 - £60.00 group of King John signing the Magna Carta in a 19 A Stafforshire pottery flatback pocket watch stand tent flanked by two children, 30.5cm high £50.00 - in the form of three Scottish ladies dancing, 27cm £70.00 high and two smaller groups of two Scottish girls 4 A Victorian Staffordshire pottery figure of Queen dancing, 14.5cm high and a drummer boy, his Victoria seated upon her throne, 19cm high, and a sweetheart and a rabbit, 16cm high £30.00 - smaller figure of Prince Albert in a similar pose, £40.00 13.5cm high £50.00 - £70.00 20 Three Staffordshire pottery flatback pastille 5 A pair of Staffordshire -
The Exploration of Sr Isotopic Analysis Applied to Chinese Glazes: Part Oneq
Journal of Archaeological Science xxx (2013) 1e8 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Archaeological Science journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jas The exploration of Sr isotopic analysis applied to Chinese glazes: part oneq Hongjiao Ma a, Julian Henderson a, *, Jane Evans b a Department of Archaeology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK b NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK article info abstract Article history: Ash glaze and limestone glaze are two major glaze types in southern Chinese ceramic technology. In this Received 4 March 2013 study strontium isotope compositions were determined in ash glaze samples from the Yue kiln dated to Received in revised form between the 10th and 12th centuries AD, limestone glaze samples from Jingdezhen dated to between the 26 July 2013 15th and 18th centuries AD and ceramic raw materials from Jingdezhen. The Sr isotopic characteristics of Accepted 12 August 2013 limestone glaze and ash glaze are completely different. The Sr isotope characteristics of limestone glaze is characterised by low Sr concentrations, large 87Sr/86Sr variation, and a two component mixing line. On Keywords: the other hand the strontium isotope characteristic of ash glaze samples is characterised by a consistent Chinese glaze 87 86 Raw materials Sr/ Sr signature and high Sr concentrations with a large variation. The different Sr isotope composi- fl Strontium isotopes tions for the two types of glazes are a re ection of the various raw materials involved in making them. TIMS The Sr isotopic composition has been altered by the refinement process that the raw material was subjected to. -
Catalogue 901 To
Lots 901 - 910 Lot #901: PAIR OF EMPIRE-STYLE GILT-METAL AND BRONZE TABLE CANDLESTICKS Each reeded stem with lattice collar and anthemia-banded base, the roll-over drip pan and lyre, urn and lattice base, fitted with battery run light and clip on ring. Estimate: $ 400.00 - $ 600.00 Lot #902: CHARLES X GILT-BRONZE PILLAR CLOCK The dial within leaf-tip and flowerhead banded drum case within Doric column niche, the pediment and base applied with foliate, flower and swan and fruit-filled urn mounts, bun feet; 17 1/4 x 9 x 5 1/2 in. Estimate: $ 800.00 - $ 1200.00 Lot #903: PAIR OF PORCELAIN VASES, MOUNTED AS LAMPS Each baluster-form bowl molded with gilt rope swags and handles and painted with colorful birds in flight, giltwood stand; vases: 12 3/4 in. Estimate: $ 800.00 - $ 1200.00 Lot #904: PAIR OF CHARLES X BRASS CANDLESTICKS AND A PAIR OF VICTORIAN CANDLESTICKS The first with 4-section stems with diagonal ribbon and dot bands, removable drip pans, the other with tapered stems and square bases; 9 5/8 and 9 1/2 in. Estimate: $ 600.00 - $ 800.00 Lot #904A: SIX GLAZED CERAMIC ARCHITECTURAL TILES Forming a pair of flaming torches with fasces standards; 29 x 9 1/2 x 9 1/2 in. Estimate: $ 1000.00 - $ 1500.00 Lot #905: PAIR OF EGYPTIAN REVIVAL CARVED MARBLE SPHINXES Each rendered recumbent with bearded face and tripartite wig; 15 1/2 x 30 3/4 x 10 3/4 in. Estimate: $ 2000.00 - $ 4000.00 Lot #906: PAIR OF RENAISSANCE REVIVAL GILT-METAL AND IVORY-MOUNTED GREEN GLASS JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT VASES Each fluted ivory stem on flared base applied with filigree bands centering oval portrait medallions, the upper ball and trumpet stem fitted with partial opalescent glass vase; 14 x 3 1/2 in. -
Catalogue 901 To
Lots 901 - 910 Lot #901: SET OF FOUR LOUIS XVI-STYLE CARVED, PAINTED AND PARCEL-GILT MUSICAL TROPHIES Each bow-tied pendant rope back supporting a horn and a violin with bow, centering a floral cartouche with wing, painted blue-grey. Estimate: $ 2000.00 - $ 3000.00 Lot #902: PAIR OF DECORATIVE ROCK CRYSTAL OBELISKS Each on block-form pedestal and stepped base; 32 x 6 3/8 in. Estimate: $ 2000.00 - $ 3000.00 Lot #903: TWO BRASS-INLAID BOULLEWORK BOXES The larger with chamfered corners, a hinged fall-front and mother-of-pearl and red-ground tortoiseshell medallions, the other with red-ground lattice lid; 3 x 10 1/4 in. and 1 3/4 x 3 in. Estimate: $ 250.00 - $ 450.00 Lot #904: PAIR OF CHARLES X-STYLE GILT-METAL URNS Each bowl with everted egg-and-dart rim and reeded handles rising from mask heads, the block stand relief-cast with alternating music and painting trophies; 13 in., 6 1/2 in. diam. Estimate: $ 800.00 - $ 1200.00 Lot #905: SET OF FOUR RÉGENCE-STYLE PORCELAIN-MOUNTED GILT-METAL TWO-LIGHT WALL APPLIQUÉS Each with trellis arbor enclosing a figure of a youth or girl and supporting the spiral twist arms fitted with flowerheads; 14 x 10 1/2 x 6 3/4 in. Estimate: $ 800.00 - $ 1200.00 Lot #906: LOUIS VUITTON BRASS-MOUNTED LEATHER SUITCASE Lock No. 084186, Case No. 811787, with brass nailheaded metal edge, lacking tray; 17 1/2 x 28 x 8 1/2 in. Estimate: $ 600.00 - $ 800.00 Lot #907: PAIR OF ITALIAN SILVER, GILT-METAL AND STEEL-MOUNTED SINGLE-BARREL PISTOLS Signed Frachetti Minelli; each with flower and foliate-engraved mounts and a blind cartouche at handle, in later fitted silver-edged burrwood case with dome lid, dated 1978. -
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E3S Web of Conferences 267, 01033 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126701033 ICESCE 2021 Research on the kiln site protection and utilization of early Yue in Zhejiang based on protection first Shuang Wu1, Shou Lei Gao2* 1 School of History, Culture and Tourism, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541001, China 2 Institute of Architecture and Environment Art, Shanghai Urban Construction Vocational College, Shanghai, 201415, China Abstract. The architectural heritage of handcrafts of Zhenjiang has unrepeatable technological and historical values. This paper aims at obtaining a reliable overview of the occurrence of the kiln sites. Their characteristics and values as architectural heritage of handcrafts will be fully understanding, expounds the problems in the protection and utilization of those kiln sites, then gives different utilization strategies on the priority of the kiln site protection is put forward. analysis of early period Yue wares production technology can help elucidate the relationship between proto- 1 Introduction porcelain manufacture and the later times celadon, also Yue wares is one kind of high fired green glazed ceramics other ceramic production among different regions. Thirdly, produced in Zhejiang, which is the most celebrated and expounds the problems in the protection and utilization of typical examples of celadon in ancient China. For a long those kiln sites, gives different strategies on the kiln site time, Yue wares held a leading position in the using market protection and utilization. of Ci(瓷) wares in China before the white color wares was invented and popularity in northern of China. Broad 2 The distribution of kiln sites speaking, the technique system of Yue wares production had maximum impact on the later ceramic production in The kilns site of celadon producing had been found in China, especially the celadon production and used in 1930s firstly, while all of them are regarded as a later time southern area of China. -
Lot 1 a 19Th Century Staffordshire Figure, Modelled As a Medici Lion, In
Batemans of Stamford - The Fine Sale & Specialist Collectors (Vintage Wine, Champagne & Whisky, Toys & Models) - Starts 07 Dec 2019 Lot 1 A 19th century Staffordshire figure, modelled as a Medici lion, in standing pose with left paw resting on a globe, on integral rectangular base, restoration to mouth and tongue, missing one tooth, 27.5 by 14.2 by 21.4cm high. Estimate: 500 - 800 Fees: 20% inc VAT for absentee bids, telephone bids and bidding in person 23.6% inc VAT for Live Bidding and Autobids Lot 2 A 19th century Herend style reticulated porcelain Oriental inspired tea set, with Chinese style floral and gilt patterns, Chinaman form handles and pierced decoration bases, comprising a teapot, 16 by 10 by 15cm, five tea cups, 8 by 4.5cm, six saucers, 11cm, a milk jug, 11 by 7.5 by 5.5cm, and a twin handled sugar bowl, 10 by 5cm. (14) Estimate: 100 - 200 Fees: 20% inc VAT for absentee bids, telephone bids and bidding in person 23.6% inc VAT for Live Bidding and Autobids Lot 3 An Art Nouveau iridescent green glass and metal vase, in the style of Loetz, the rectangular section glass held in a metal surround formed as bulrushes rising from a rectangular base, unmarked, a/f one metal leaf side detached but present, 7 by 5 by 15cm. Estimate: 40 - 60 Fees: 20% inc VAT for absentee bids, telephone bids and bidding in person 23.6% inc VAT for Live Bidding and Autobids Lot 4 A pair of modern Royal Worcester blush ivory potpourri vases and pierced covers, decorated in ‘Victorian Flower Sprays’ after an Edwardian design, limited edition 33/50, dated 2001, each 17 by 34.5cm high. -
Comparative Study of Black and Gray Body Celadon Shards Excavated from Wayaoyang Kiln in Longquan, China
Microchemical Journal 126 (2016) 274–279 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Microchemical Journal journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/microc Comparative study of black and gray body celadon shards excavated from Wayaoyang kiln in Longquan, China Hongying Duan a,b,⁎, Dongge Ji a,b, Yinzhong Ding a,b, Guangyao Wang c, Jianming Zheng d, Guanggui Zhou e, Jianmin Miao a,b a Key Scientific Research Base of Ancient Ceramics (the Palace Museum), State Administration of Cultural Heritage, Beijing 100009, China b Conservation Department, the Palace Museum, Beijing 100009, China c Department of Objects and Decorative Arts, the Palace Museum, Beijing 100009, China d Zhejiang Provincial Cultural Relics Archaeological Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China e The Museum of Longquan City, Longquan, Zhejiang 323700, China article info abstract Article history: Longquan celadon is one of the most valuable treasures in Chinese ceramic history. Representative products are Received 8 August 2015 Ge ware (Ge meaning elder brother, black body celadon) and Di ware (Di meaning younger brother, gray body Received in revised form 12 December 2015 celadon) of the Song Dynasty (960–1279 A.D.). In this study, Ge and Di ware shards excavated from Wayaoyang Accepted 12 December 2015 kiln site in Longquan were collected and studied. Chemical and crystallite composition, microstructure, body and Available online 19 December 2015 glaze thickness, firing temperature and glaze reflectance spectrum were observed and examined. Differences in Keywords: raw materials and manufacturing technology between Ge and Di ware were studied. Based on the results and Longquan Ge ware historical background, it was speculated that some Ge wares from Wayaoyang kiln site might be the test products Longquan Di ware of jade-like black body celadon for the imperial court. -
Production and Trade of Porcelain in China, 1000-1500
Production and Trade of Porcelain in China, 1000-1500 Shelagh Vainker Ashmolean Museum, Oxford Email: [email protected] Just as the Song dynasty (960-1279) has been identified by economic historians as a peak after which no significant developments took place, so it is a period of culmination in the manufacture of ceramics. Between the 10th and 12th centuries, green, black or white high- fired wares that had been produced for centuries were made with finer bodies, smoother and more complex glazes and in a greater range of shapes than ever before, and in unprecedented quantities. They also became admired and moreover collected as objects of aesthetic, cultural and monetary value, a practice that had previously been restricted to works of art such as calligraphy and painting, or to the jades and bronze vessels associated with high antiquity and the authority to rule. This was also however the period in which was established China’s most enduring and famous kiln site, Jingdezhen. To that extent the period is not only a technological peak, but a pivotal one during which the centre of the ceramics industry began its shift from north to south China. At the time when the northern kilns were producing pieces for the imperial court and wares that would be adopted into the canon of connoisseur’s collectibles, southern kilns were making pots for everyday local use, and for export. In many instances, these imitated the northern wares in both technology and style; all were part of a country-wide industry with a distribution of manufacturing centres that was unprecedented and has not been repeated, for it is notable that during the pre-eminence of the north in potting, the south was also rich in kiln sites and products, while once the shift south had occurred no significant industry continued in north China. -
SIN-YING HO Past Forward SIN-YING HO Past Forward
SIN-YING HO Past Forward SIN-YING HO Past Forward DENISE PATRY LEIDY professor at Queen’s College, City University of a clear glaze) in the mid-fourteenth century, began to A New York, Sin-ying Ho, whose work has been serve the Chinese court in the early fifteenth century, widely shown and collected, has developed one of and remains one of the primary centers of global the more unique voices in contemporary clay. Born porcelain production today. First used in China around in Hong Kong, she immigrated to Canada in 1992, the sixth century, porcelain, a combination of a clay initially to pursue a career in acting. After receiving a known as kaolin and the feldspathic rock petuntse that degree in ceramics from Sheridan College in Ontario fires at temperatures of 1200 to 1400 degrees Celsius, in 1995, Ho also earned a 1997 BFA in ceramics from was one of the great discoveries in global ceramic the Nova Scotia School of Art and Design in Halifax history. It was produced in Korea in the fifteenth cen- and a 2001 MFA from Louisiana State University in tury and Japan in the early seventeenth century, and it Baton Rouge. was finally created in the West in 1708 at Meissen in Germany. The reemergence of porcelain in studio, or Her training reflects the diversity of approaches to art, pottery in the 1970s and 1980s coincides with the ceramic-making in North America in the late twentieth ability of artists from around the world to live, work, century. While in Nova Scotia, Ho was introduced to and study in Jingdezhen. -
Blue-And-White Porcelain Also Known As Porcelain Ware in Underglazed Blue
HONG KONG HERITAGE SERIES MADE IN HONG KONG Blue-and-white Porcelain also known as porcelain ware in underglazed blue www.heritage.gov.hkwww.heritage.gov.hk www.amo.gov.hkwww.amo.gov.hk www.heritage.gov.hk www.cnc.org.hkwww.cnc.org.hk www.amo.gov.hk www.cnc.org.hk Blue-and-white History and culture are not something farfetched. The above picture Porcelain piece shows a blue-and-white porcelain bowl unearthed in Hong Kong. It was originally made in the Wun Yiu Kiln Site at Tai Po. The Wun Yiu Kiln Site was in operation during the Ming and Qing dynasties and the early Republic period. At its height, the kilns pro- duced over 400,000 pieces of porcelain per year, and its products were sold to as far as Malaysia. Today, at the Wun Yiu Exhibition, one can still see these pieces of cultural relics that bore witness to the early cultural and economic developments of Hong Kong. Kaolinite , also named “ porcelain stone ” Kaolinite clay , also named “ porcelain clay ” Both are the main ingredients for making porcelain. They share the same chemical composition of aluminium silicate hydrox- ide, Al2Si2O5(OH)4 , which is a clay mineral. Their difference is that kaolinite is a rock material, while kaolinite clay is the silt formed from weathered kaolinite. In as early as the Neolithic period, the Chinese has been making use of kaolinite clay. Dur- ing the Yuan dynasty, the town of Jingdezhen has already mas- tered techniques to produce blue-and-white porcelain. Kaolinite was first discovered and put into application in China, thus China is regarded as the country which invented porcelain.