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Dwlbc 2008/13 DWLBC REPORT Surface water assessment of the Bremer River Catchment 2008/13 Surface water assessment of the Bremer River Catchment Mark Alcorn Knowledge and Information Division Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation June 2008 Report DWLBC 2008/13 Knowledge and Information Division Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation 25 Grenfell Street, Adelaide GPO Box 2834, Adelaide SA 5001 Telephone National (08) 8463 6946 International +61 8 8463 6946 Fax National (08) 8463 6999 International +61 8 8463 6999 Website www.dwlbc.sa.gov.au Disclaimer The Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation and its employees do not warrant or make any representation regarding the use, or results of the use, of the information contained herein as regards to its correctness, accuracy, reliability, currency or otherwise. The Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation and its employees expressly disclaims all liability or responsibility to any person using the information or advice. Information contained in this document is correct at the time of writing. © Government of South Australia, through the Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation 2008 This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cwlth), no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission obtained from the Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be directed to the Chief Executive, Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation, GPO Box 2834, Adelaide SA 5001. ISBN 978-1-921528-02-6 Preferred way to cite this publication Alcorn M, 2006, Surface water assessment of the Bremer River Catchment, Report DWLBC 2008/13, Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation, Government of South Australia. FOREWORD South Australia’s unique and precious natural resources are fundamental to the economic and social wellbeing of the state. It is critical that these resources are managed in a sustainable manner to safeguard them both for current users and for future generations. The Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation (DWLBC) strives to ensure that our natural resources are managed so that they are available for all users, including the environment. In order for us to best manage these natural resources, it is imperative that we have a sound knowledge of their condition and how they are likely to respond to management changes. DWLBC scientific and technical staff continue to improve this knowledge through undertaking investigations, technical reviews and resource modelling. Rob Freeman CHIEF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT OF WATER, LAND AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Report DWLBC 2008/13 ii Surface water assessment of the Bremer River Catchment Report DWLBC 2008/13 iii Surface water assessment of the Bremer River Catchment CONTENTS FOREWORD............................................................................................................................ii SUMMARY...............................................................................................................................1 1. INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................3 1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF STUDY.........................................................................3 1.2 BACKGROUND..........................................................................................................3 1.3 STUDY APPROACH ..................................................................................................3 2. CATCHMENT DESCRIPTION ..........................................................................................5 2.1 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................5 2.2 LAND USE .................................................................................................................5 2.2.1 Land-use survey 2003 ...........................................................................................5 2.3 CATCHMENT SUB-DIVISION....................................................................................7 2.3.1 Major sub–catchments...........................................................................................9 2.3.2 Minor sub–catchments...........................................................................................9 2.4 FARM DAMS............................................................................................................11 2.4.1 Number and storage capacity..............................................................................12 2.4.2 Water use from farm dams ..................................................................................13 2.4.3 Farm dam density ................................................................................................14 2.4.4 Dam development limits ......................................................................................14 3. CATCHMENT HYDROLOGY .........................................................................................17 3.1 RAINFALL AND EVAPORATION DATA ..................................................................17 3.1.1 Trend analysis .....................................................................................................17 3.2 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL ................................................................19 3.3 STREAMFLOW ........................................................................................................19 3.4 SEWAGE TREATMENT AND EFFLUENT DISPOSAL SYSTEMS (STEDS) AND CATCHMENT INFLOWS.................................................................................24 3.4.1 Mount Barker–Littlehampton scheme ..................................................................24 3.4.2 Nairne–Brukunga scheme ...................................................................................25 3.4.3 Bird-In-Hand treatment works..............................................................................25 3.4.4 Data inputs to Watercress model.........................................................................25 4. SURFACE WATER MODELLING ..................................................................................25 4.1 OVERVIEW ..............................................................................................................25 4.2 METHODOLOGY .....................................................................................................25 4.3 MODEL CONSTRUCTION.......................................................................................25 4.3.1 Model nodes ........................................................................................................25 4.3.2 Catchment nodes.................................................................................................25 Report DWLBC 2008/13 iv Surface water assessment of the Bremer River Catchment CONTENTS 4.3.3 Urban nodes ........................................................................................................25 4.3.4 Dam nodes ..........................................................................................................25 4.3.5 Routing nodes......................................................................................................25 4.3.6 Stream loss node.................................................................................................25 4.4 MODEL CALIBRATION............................................................................................25 4.4.1 Primary calibration data .......................................................................................25 4.4.2 Secondary calibration data ..................................................................................25 4.4.3 Ungauged catchment parameters .......................................................................25 4.4.4 Calibration statistics.............................................................................................25 4.4.5 Calibration results ................................................................................................25 5. SCENARIO MODELLING...............................................................................................25 5.1 RAINFALL–RUNOFF RELATIONSHIP....................................................................25 5.1.1 Annual runoff coefficient ......................................................................................25 5.1.2 Tanh curves .........................................................................................................25 5.2 CURRENT SCENARIO VERSUS “NO DAMS” SCENARIO ....................................25 5.2.1 Annual flows ........................................................................................................25 5.2.2 Monthly flows .......................................................................................................25 5.2.3 Daily flows............................................................................................................25 6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................25 6.1 SUMMARY OF DATA INPUTS ................................................................................25 6.1.1 Rainfall and evaporation data ..............................................................................25 6.1.2 Streamflow
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