Monmouth County Transportation Audit and Sustainable Transportation Plan
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Monmouth County Transportation Audit and Sustainable Transportation Plan June 30, 2011 Submitted to: Monmouth County Planning Board Submitted by: The Louis Berger Group, Inc. In association with ICLEI USA Stump/Hausman Partnership "This report has been prepared as part of the North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority’s Subregional Study Program with financing by the Federal Transit Administration and the Federal Highway Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The NJTPA and Monmouth County are solely responsible for its contents.” Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 1 ES-1 STUDY PURPOSE .............................................................................................................................. 1 ES-2 UNDERSTANDING CLIMATE CHANGE AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ...................................... 2 ES-2.1 What is Climate Change? ........................................................................................................ 2 ES-2.2 How will Climate Change Impact Monmouth County? ........................................................... 2 ES-2.2 What is the Role of Transportation in Climate Change? ........................................................ 3 ES-2.3 What Can Be Done to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Transportation? ................ 3 ES-3 MONMOUTH COUNTY EMPLOYEE COMMUTE EMISSIONS INVENTORY ............................................ 4 ES-3.1 Methodology ............................................................................................................................ 4 ES-3.2 Results ..................................................................................................................................... 4 ES-3.3 Recommendations.................................................................................................................... 5 ES-4 MONMOUTH COUNTY VEHICLE FLEET EMISSIONS INVENTORY ...................................................... 6 ES-4.1 Methodology ............................................................................................................................ 6 ES-4.2 Results ..................................................................................................................................... 6 ES-4.3 Recommendations...................................................................................................................... 8 ES-5 COUNTYWIDE TRANSPORTATION-RELATED GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY ................ 9 ES-5.1 Methodology ............................................................................................................................ 9 ES-5.2 Results ................................................................................................................................... 10 ES-5.3 Recommendations.................................................................................................................. 11 ES-6 MUNICIPAL TOOLBOX .................................................................................................................... 12 ES-7 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................. 12 1. CLIMATE CHANGE AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS – ISSUES AND BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................................... 14 A. CLIMATE CHANGE DEFINITION AND SCIENTIFIC BASIS ................................................................... 14 B. POTENTIAL CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS IN MONMOUTH COUNTY .................................................. 17 i. Sea level rise and the Economy ................................................................................................. 17 ii. Impacts on Infrastructure .......................................................................................................... 21 iii. Health Impacts .......................................................................................................................... 23 iiii. Agricultural Fishing, and Aquaculture Impacts ................................................................... 24 C. ROLE OF TRANSPORTATION IN CLIMATE CHANGE .......................................................................... 26 i. National Transportation Trends and GHG Emissions .............................................................. 26 ii. New Jersey’s Transportation Trends ........................................................................................ 27 D. POTENTIAL ACTIONS TO REDUCE TRANSPORTATION-RELATED GHG EMISSIONS ........................... 31 E. SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................................... 33 2. GHG INVENTORY PROTOCOLS ................................................................................................ 35 A. THE ICLEI INTERNATIONAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT GHG EMISSIONS ANALYSIS PROTOCOL (IEAP) AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS PROTOCOL (LGO) .................................................................... 35 B. CLEAN AIR AND CLIMATE PROTECTION 2009 SOFTWARE (CACP) ................................................. 37 3. MONMOUTH COUNTY EMPLOYEE COMMUTER GHG EMISSIONS ............................... 38 A. COMMUTER SURVEY RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................. 38 i. Survey Results ........................................................................................................................... 38 ii. Summary of Employee Commute Greenhouse Gas Emissions .................................................. 44 B. RECOMMENDED POLICIES FOR REDUCING EMPLOYEE COMMUTE EMISSIONS ................................ 47 i. Employer Trip Reduction Plans (ETR) ...................................................................................... 47 ii. Ridesharing Programs .............................................................................................................. 48 iii. Vanpool Sponsorship Program ................................................................................................. 48 iv. Carpooling Programs ................................................................................................................ 50 v. Emergency Ride Home (ERH) Programs .................................................................................. 50 vi. Customized Parking Management ............................................................................................. 52 The Louis Berger Group, Inc. TOC- 1 vii. Financial Incentives ............................................................................................................. 52 viii. Mass Transit ......................................................................................................................... 54 ix. Conclusions of Motorized Commuting Options ......................................................................... 54 C. OVERVIEW OF NON-MOTORIZED COMMUTING OPTIONS ................................................................. 55 i. Commuting by Bicycle ............................................................................................................... 55 ii. Pedestrian Commuting .............................................................................................................. 59 D. COMMUTER REDUCTION STRATEGY CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................ 61 4. MONMOUTH COUNTY VEHICLE FLEET EMISSIONS (2009) ............................................. 63 A. FLEET GHG EMISSIONS .................................................................................................................. 63 i. Emissions by Fuel Type ............................................................................................................. 65 ii. Emissions by Department .......................................................................................................... 65 B. EXISTING FLEET PROGRAMS AND FLEET STRATEGIES FOR GHG REDUCTION ................................ 66 i. Tracking of Fleet Inventory and Fuels ...................................................................................... 67 ii. Reduced Use Strategies ............................................................................................................. 68 iii. Use of Alternative Fuels and More Efficient Engines ............................................................... 69 C. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REDUCING MONMOUTH COUNTY FLEET EMISSIONS .............................. 70 i. Data Collection ......................................................................................................................... 71 ii. Vehicle Technology Options ...................................................................................................... 71 iii. High Efficiency Vehicle Replacement ........................................................................................ 72 iv. Vehicle Idling Reduction Enforcement ...................................................................................... 73 v. Vehicle Use Reductions ............................................................................................................