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Areas Naturales De Cuba Con Mayor Endemismo De Aracnidos ( Chelicera Ta: Arachnida)

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Areas Naturales De Cuba Con Mayor Endemismo De Aracnidos ( Chelicera Ta: Arachnida) Revista lberica de Aracno/og{a, n° 36 (30/06/2020): 35-47. ARTiCULO Grupo lberico de Aracnologia (S.E.A.). ISSN: 1576 - 9518. http://www.sea-entomologia.org AREAS NATURALES DE CUBA CON MAYOR ENDEMISMO DE ARACNIDOS ( CHELICERA TA: ARACHNIDA) Luis F. de Armas1 , Giraldo Alay6n Garcfa2 , Rene Barba Dfaz3 & Aylfn Alegre3 1 Apartado Postal 4327, San Antonio de los Banos, Memisa 38100, Cuba. [email protected] 2 Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Obispo No. 61, La Habana, Cuba. [email protected] 3 lnstituto de Ecologia y Sistematica, Carretera de VaronaNo. 11835, entre Oriente y Lindero, Reparto Parajon, Municipio Boyeros, La Habana 19, C.P. 11900, Cuba. [email protected], [email protected] Resumen: Las areas natural es que en Cuba presentan mayor cantidad de especies de aracnidosendemicos son cinco: Cordillera de la Sierra Maestra (136), Macizo de Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa (86), Macizo de Guamuhaya (84), FranjaCoste ra de Cabo Cruz-Maisi (71) y la Cordillera de Guaniguanico (68). Guaniguanico esta en la region occidental del pais, Guamuhaya en la central y las Ires restantes en la region oriental. En total se registraron 383 especies, de las que 223 son endemismos locales, distribuidas entre Si­ erra Maestra (53), Cabo Cruz-Maisi (51), Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa (48), Guamuhaya (42) y Guaniguanico (29). A nivel de genero, 22 son endemicos de una de las cinco areas: Sierra Maestra (10), Guamuhaya (6), Guaniguanico (4), Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa (2), Cabo Cruz-Maisi (1). Los ordenes con mayor porcentaje de especies endemicas fueron Ricinulei y Thelyphonida (100%), Schizomida (97, 1 %), Opiliones (91, 7%), Scorpiones (83,3%) y Solifugae (75,0%). Palabras clave: Arachnoidea, faunistica, areas protegidas, Caribe, Cuba. Natural areas of Cuba with the highest endemism of arachnids (Chelicerata: Arachnida) Abstract: The Cuban natural areas having highest count of endemic species of arachnids are five: Sierra Maestra Range (136), Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa Group (86), Guamuhaya Range (84), Caba Cruz-Maisi Coastal strip (71), and Guaniguanico Range (68). Guaniguanico is in the western region of Cuba, Guamuhaya in central Cuba, and the other three areas are in eastern Cuba. In total, 383 endemic species were recorded, of which 223 are local endemics. These local endemics are distributed as follows: Sierra Maestra, 53; CabaCruz -Maisi, 51; Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa, 48; Guamuhaya, 42; and Guaniguanico, 29. Atthe generic level, 22 are restricted to one of the five areas: Sierra Maestra, 11; Guamuhaya, 6; Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa, 3; Guaniguanico, 2; CaboCruz-Maisi, 1. The orders with the highest percentage of endemic species were Ricinulei and Thelyphonida(100%), Schizomida (97.1%), Opil­ iones (91.?0/o), Scorpiones (83.3%) and Solifugae (75.0%). Key words: Arachnoidea, faunistics, protected areas, Caribbean, Cuba. lntroducci6n Cuba es la unica isla antillana en la que estan representados Palpigradi. Los que presentan mayor porcentajede generos todos los ordenes de aracnidos. endemicos son: Schizomida (66,7%), Opiliones ( 48,8%) y Como en otrosgrupos de la faunacubana, la mayor ri­ Scorpiones (30,0%). queza de especies y diversidad taxonomica se localiza en la Aunque Cuba es un pais sin grandes contrastesdel pai­ region oriental del pais (provinciasde Guantanamo, Santiago saje (la mayor parte de su territorio esta conformadopor lla­ de Cuba, Holguin y Granma), determinadopor la mayor com­ nuras ), presenta una geologia bastante compleja (CNNG, plejidad y diversidad, tanto geologica como ecologica, de sus 2000), destacandose, en cada una de las tres principales re­ paisajes (Gonzalez & Armas, 2008). Todas las especies perte­ giones del pais ( occidental, central y oriental) algunas areas necientes a los ordenes Ricinulei, Solifugae y Thelyphonida montafiosas en las que el nivel de endemismo de su biota son exclusivas de Cuba, en tanto solamente una de Schizomi­ sobresale respecto a cualquiera otra area circundante. da (Stenochrusportoricens is Chamberlin, 1922) no es ende­ El objetivo de la presente contribuciones determinarlas mica (Armas et al., 2017). Otros dos ordenes (Opiliones y areas naturales de Cuba en las que los aracnidos presentan Scorpiones) exhiben muy elevados indices de endemismo mayor cantidad de especies y generos endemicos. (Tabla]). Ninguna familia esta restringidaal territorio nacio­ La informacionbasica de este trabajoform aba parte del nal, pero 11,2% de los generos solo se conocen de este pais. mapa de similar titulo que debio de haber aparecido en el Debido mayormente a la facilidad de dispersion de muchas de Atlas Nacional de Cuba 60 Aniversario, recien publicado, sus especies, las arafias (Araneae) poseen un bajo indice de pero que por razones que los autores desconocen no fue in­ endemismo, tanto a nivel especificocomo generico (Tabla I), cluido en dicha obra. pero es el orden mas diversificadoy de mas amplia distribu­ cion en el pais; ademas, contiene ocho generos endemicos Material y metodos nacionales y casi 60% de todas las especies descritas de las Antillas Mayores (Alayon Garcia, 2006). Principales aspectos geograficos y biogeograficos de Cuba Los ordenes sobre los que existe mayornivel de infor­ La Republica de Cuba es un archipielago constituido por la macion, en cuanto a su composicion taxonomica, distribucion Isla de Cuba, que es la principal, la Isla de la Juventud (se­ geograficae historia natural, son: Amblypygi, Thelyphonida, gunda en extension) y mas de 1 600 islas, islotes y cayos que Scorpiones, Schizomida y Ricinulei. El menos estudiado es se agrupanalrededor de la isla mayor (Cuba) en cuatro grupos 35 Occld@rltal \ Occidente (Cen~ A B Camagiiey Oriental __/" Orlente Fig. 1. Regiones naturales (fisiograficas) de Cuba, segun Broderman (A) y Mas sip & Ysalgue (Bl insulares: en el noroeste, Los Colorados, que es el mas peque­ endemicos de Cuba en cada una de las 12 areas zoogeografi­ fio de todos; en el norte de gran parte de! centro de la Isla se cas reconocidas para el pais por Alayon (1994), pero exten­ localiza, con aproximadamente 4 70 km de longitud, el de diendo hasta Caho Cruz su area No. 10 ( costa sur de Guanta­ Sabana-Camagiiey (tambien conocido ccmo J ardines de! Rey); namo), sobrela base de suhomogeneidad ecologica y elevado en el suroeste, CanaITeos; y en la parte meridional de Cuba nivel de endemicos locales y regionales. Considerando que central, a lo largo de unos 150 km de longitud, el archipielago durante los ultimos 50 afios varios investigadores, principal­ Jardines de la Reina (Nufiez Jimenez, 1965; CNNG, 2000). mente las dos primeros autores de esta contribucion (LFA y La Isla de Cuba (105 006,7 km2)poseeun ancho maxi­ GAG), han muestreado intensamente la aracnofauna de! mu­ mo de 191 km, un ancho minimo de 31 km, una longitud axial nicipio de San Antonio de los Banos, provincia de Artemisa, de 1256,2 km y cuenta con 3 500 km de costas. Sus coorde­ que el total de especies endemicas detectadas en dicho teITito­ nadas geograficas son las siguientes: al norte, 23°11 'N, rio no sobrepasa la cifra de 35 y que los inventarios realizados 81°12'W; al este, 20°13'N, 74°08'W; al sur, 19°49'N, en tres de las 12 regiones zoogeograficas [la peninsula de 77°40'W; y al oeste, 21°52'N, 78°08'W (CNNG, 2000). Guanahacabibes (Dominguez & Armas, 2006), el Archipiela­ Fn la Isla han sido reconocidas, indistintamente, tres o go de los CanaITeos (Armas & Alayon Garcia, 2014) y el cuatro regiones naturales. Segun J. Brodermann (1941; citado Archipielago de Sabana-Camagi.iey (Armas & Avila Calvo, por Marrero, 1946: 43), se distinguen tres regiones naturales 2015)] tampoco sobrepasan esa cifra, se seleccionaron como (Fig. 1 A): Occidental (desde el Caho de San Antoniohasta la areas de mayor endemismo a aquellas con mas de 50 especies estructura geologica que corre de norte a sur entre Coliseo y endemicas. Colon, actual provincia de Matanzas), Central (desde la es­ Para cada orden de aracnidos se actualiz6 la lista de es­ tructura geol6gica entre Coliseo y Colon hasta la que cotTe pecies publicada por Am1as et al. (2017), correspondiendole a desde Moron a Baragua, actual provincia de Ci ego de Avila) cada uno de los autores su principal grupo de trabajo: AA: y Oriental, que comprende el resto de la isla hasta Punta de Opiliones; GAG: Araneae; LFA: Amblypygi, Schizomida, Maisi. Estas tres regiones naturales estan delimitadas por Scorpiones, Solifugaey Thelyphonida; RBD: Pseudoscoipio­ estructuras geologicas originadas en el Mioceno, las cuales, nes. segunBrodeiman (1941; citadoporMaITero, 1946: 43), sepa­ Ademas de las especies nominales, se incluyeron algu­ raban las regiones entonces emergidas de! tmitorio nacional. nas nuevas para la ciencia, cuya descripcion esta en fase de La division de Cuba en cuatro regiones naturales fue preparacion; con esta decision se pretende reflejar de modo propuesta por Salvador Massip y Sarah Isalgue de Massip mas preciso la composici6n taxonomica real de cada area, ("Nufiez Jimenez, 1965); se fundamenta en la identificacion de para asi contribuir a su mejor conocimientoy posible conser­ los cuatro grandes plegarnientos o coulisses que confaman la vacion. Las especies nuevas de Scytodes (Araneae), cotTes­ fisiografia de! pais. Estas regiones son: Occidente, Las Villas, ponden aregistros en·oneos deS cubensis, S noeliy S rober­ Camagiiey y Oriente (Fig. 1 B). La de Camagiiey se caracteri­ toi para localidades de las regiones central y oriental de! pais za por ser la mas Ilana y unifom1e en cuanto a paisaj es y con­ (Alayon Garcia, 1977, 2000; Am1as et al., 2009). diciones ambientales; en tanto cada una de las restantes posee En el caso de Turquiniamontana Silhavy, 1979, hemos al menos un sistemamontafioso de importancia, con elevacio­ tratado al genero y la especie como endemicos de la Sierra nes superiores a los 690 m s.n.m., que alcanzan su maxima Maestra (Tablas II-III). El holotipo de esta especieprocedede altitud (1972 m s.n.m) en la Sierra Maestra.
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