Selection of a Data Exchange Format for Industry 4.0 Manufacturing Systems
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Realizing a Digital Enterprise Driven by Standards
Realizing a Digital Enterprise driven by standards This document refers to the Digital Enterprise as a business that not only creates and uses digital representations of the products and environment in which it operates; but aspires to trace an entire digital thread of its products as digital twins through their product lifecycle. Standards are an axiom for common enterprise understanding and the longevity of the digital thread used in Siemens product lifecycle management (PLM) solutions. These standards-driven solutions cover a breadth of industries, including discrete manufacturing, construction, marine and energy. This document addresses standards used in Siemens products that are principally aimed at discrete manufacturing across a wide range of domains, including auto- motive, aerospace and consumer products. A white paper issued by: Siemens PLM Software www.siemens.com/plm White paper | Realizing a Digital Enterprise driven by standards Contents Executive summary ............................................................3 Facing critical challenges ...................................................4 Background .........................................................................4 Business opportunities .........................................................5 Key considerations ..............................................................6 Strategic standards for the Digital Enterprise ....................7 PLM ....................................................................................7 MOM and automation ........................................................13 -
Understanding and Minimizing Your HMI/SCADA System Security Gaps
GE Digital Understanding and Minimizing Your HMI/SCADA System Security Gaps INTRODUCTION With HMI/SCADA systems advancing SCADA security in context technologically and implementations The International Society of Automation (ISA) production Being at the heart of an operation’s data becoming increasingly complex, some model demonstrates the layered structure of a typical visualization, control and reporting for industry standards have emerged with the operation, and shows that HMI/SCADA security is only one operational improvements, HMI/SCADA goal of improving security. However, part of part of an effective cyber-security strategy. These layers systems have received a great deal the challenge is knowing where to start in of automated solution suites share data, and wherever of attention, especially due to various data is shared between devices, there is a possibility for securing the entire system. unauthorized access and manipulation of that data. This cyber threats and other media-fueled The purpose of this paper is to explain where white paper concentrates on the HMI/SCADA layer, but vulnerabilities. The focus on HMI/SCADA vulnerabilities within a HMI/SCADA system unless other potential weaknesses at other levels are security has grown exponentially, and as a may lie, describe how the inherent security of covered, the operation as a whole remains vulnerable. result, users of HMI/SCADA systems across system designs minimize some risks, outline the globe are increasingly taking steps to some proactive steps businesses can take, protect this key element of their operations. and highlight several software capabilities The HMI/SCADA market has been that companies can leverage to further evolving with functionality, scalability and enhance their security. -
Integration of Sensor and Actuator Networks and the SCADA System to Promote the Migration of the Legacy Flexible Manufacturing System Towards the Industry 4.0 Concept
Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks Article Integration of Sensor and Actuator Networks and the SCADA System to Promote the Migration of the Legacy Flexible Manufacturing System towards the Industry 4.0 Concept Antonio José Calderón Godoy ID and Isaías González Pérez * ID Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Automation, University of Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas, s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-924-289-600 Received: 16 April 2018; Accepted: 17 May 2018; Published: 21 May 2018 Abstract: Networks of sensors and actuators in automated manufacturing processes are implemented using industrial fieldbuses, where automation units and supervisory systems are also connected to exchange operational information. In the context of the incoming fourth industrial revolution, called Industry 4.0, the management of legacy facilities is a paramount issue to deal with. This paper presents a solution to enhance the connectivity of a legacy Flexible Manufacturing System, which constitutes the first step in the adoption of the Industry 4.0 concept. Such a system includes the fieldbus PROcess FIeld BUS (PROFIBUS) around which sensors, actuators, and controllers are interconnected. In order to establish effective communication between the sensors and actuators network and a supervisory system, a hardware and software approach including Ethernet connectivity is implemented. This work is envisioned to contribute to the migration of legacy systems towards the challenging Industry 4.0 framework. The experimental results prove the proper operation of the FMS and the feasibility of the proposal. Keywords: sensor and actuator network; fieldbuses; industrial communications; Ethernet; flexible manufacturing system; programmable logic controllers (PLC); supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA); Industry 4.0; Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) 1. -
A Meta-Model for Leveraging the ISA- 88/95/106 Standards
A meta-model for leveraging the ISA- 88/95/106 standards Introduction The story began in 1990 with the ISA-88 « Batch control » standard that addresses modular automation for flexible batch processes. It was followed by the ISA-95 « Enterprise – control systems integration » standard that deals with manufacturing operations management (MOPM, MES) and interoperability. The latest ISA-106 “Procedural Automation for Continuous Process Operations” standard tackles procedural control for continuous processes. These standards provide good engineering practices for improving control design for industrial facilities. ISA-88 and ISA-95 are respectively published as international standards IEC61512 and ISO/IEC62264. These standards share genetic concepts due to their consanguinity: many experts have contributed in the three standardization committees, which originated in ISA88. Though their viewpoint, terminology and abstraction level sensibly differ, the way they handle structural and behavioural aspects is relatively consistent, allowing a quite straightforward retro engineering of their implied meta-model. The interest of extracting a common meta-model of these standards is two-fold: - It allows understanding the respective scope of each standard and their overlap. - It makes easier to consider interoperability in the broader architectural approach of enterprise transformation Despite its technical and specialized content, this article may be of interest even for people who are not fluent in the discussed standards, but who could appreciate -
Management Science
MANAGEMENT SCIENCE CSE DEPARTMENT 1 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD Iv Year B.Tech. CSE- II Sem MANAGEMENT SCIENCE Objectives: This course is intended to familiarise the students with the framework for the managers and leaders availbale for understanding and making decisions realting to issues related organiational structure, production operations, marketing, Human resource Management, product management and strategy. UNIT - I: Introduction to Management and Organisation: Concepts of Management and organization- nature, importance and Functions of Management, Systems Approach to Management - Taylor's Scientific Management Theory- Fayal's Principles of Management- Maslow's theory of Hierarchy of Human Needs- Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y - Hertzberg Two Factor Theory of Motivation - Leadership Styles, Social responsibilities of Management, Designing Organisational Structures: Basic concepts related to Organisation - Departmentation and Decentralisation, Types and Evaluation of mechanistic and organic structures of organisation and suitability. UNIT - II: Operations and Marketing Management: Principles and Types of Plant Layout-Methods of Production(Job, batch and Mass Production), Work Study - Basic procedure involved in Method Study and Work Measurement - Business Process Reengineering(BPR) - Statistical Quality Control: control charts for Variables and Attributes (simple Problems) and Acceptance Sampling, TQM, Six Sigma, Deming's contribution to quality, Objectives of Inventory control, EOQ, ABC Analysis, -
The Recent Trends in Production: 1
The Recent Trends in Production: 1. Flexibility: The ability to adapt quickly to changes in volumes of demand, in the product mix demanded, and in product design or delivery schedules, has become a major competitive strategy and a competitive advantage to the firms. This is sometimes called as agile (move quickly) manufacturing. 2. Total Quality Management: TQM approach has been adopted by many firms to achieve customer satisfaction by a never ending quest for improving the quality of goods and services. 3. Time Reduction: Reduction of manufacturing cycle time and speed to marker for a new product provide a competitive edge to a firm over other firms. When companies can provide products at the same price and quality, quicker delivery (short lead time) provide one firm competitive edge over the other. 4. Worker Involvement: The recent trend is to assign responsibility for decision making and problem solving to the lower levels in the organization. This is known as employee involvement and empowerment. Examples of employee’s empowerment are quality circle and use of work teams or quality improvement teams. 5. Business Process Re-engineering: BPR involves drastic measures or break-through improvements to improve the performance of a firm. It involves the concept of clean- state approach or starting from a scratch in redesigning in business processes. 6. Global Market Place: Globalization of business has compelled many manufacturing firms to give operations in many countries where they have certain economic advantage. This has resulted in a steep increase in the level of competition among manufacturing firms throughout the world. 7. -
Open Tebi Thesis.Pdf
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of Engineering STUDY OF PROCESS IMPROVEMENT TOOLS IMPLEMENTED IN A CUSTOM ENGINEERED MANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENT A Thesis in Industrial Engineering by Tebi Mathew Cheeran © 2013 Tebi Mathew Cheeran Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science December 2013 The thesis of Tebi Mathew Cheeran was reviewed and approved* by the following: Robert Voigt Professor of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Thesis Co-adviser Christopher Saldana The Harold and Inge Marcus Career Assistant Professor Thesis Co-adviser Jeya Chandra Professor and Graduate Program Coordinator of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School. ii ABSTRACT The objective of this research project is to reduce the overall lead time for the manufacture and assembly of Blow Out Preventer stacks, having a highly customized design. The research project is executed for a multi-national company, specialized in the manufacture of mechanical components in the oil and gas industry. The work reviews some of the manufacturing strategies that are employed in today’s industries and tries to identify strategies that could be employed in a custom engineered, Make to Order environment. It then outlines some of the preliminary analysis done using the existing data from the facility. This analysis uses Six Sigma tools to develop an overview of the Blow Out Preventer production process and to identify key focus areas of the project. The preliminary analysis next focuses on the downstream final assembly process and identifies the assembly delays caused due to preassembly operations as the reason for long assembly lead time. -
INDUSTRY4.0 TECHNOLOGY BATTLES in MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Non-Technical Dominance Factors for Iiot & MES
INDUSTRY4.0 TECHNOLOGY BATTLES IN MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT non-technical dominance factors for IIoT & MES Master thesis submitted to Delft University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Management of Technology Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management by ing. Aksel de Vries #1293087 To be defended in public on 09 February 2021. Graduation committee: Chair & First Supervisor: Prof.dr.ir. M.F.W.H.A. Janssen, ICT Second Supervisor: Dr. G. (Geerten) van de Kaa, ET&I Equinoxia Industrial Automation Impressum The cover photo shows the Djoser step pyramid. It was once high-tech and replaced old-school pyramid technology; the ruin in the front. The analogy is to the once high-tech Automation Pyramid: Figure 1: Automation Pyramid as advocated by MESA.org and ISA.org since 1986 A.D. About the author Aksel de Vries (1973) is a Chemical Process Engineer and has been work- ing in the field of Manufacturing Operations Management since 1998. At AspenTech Europe, Aksel delivered training and consultancy during the transition from Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM/21, Batch/21, SetCIM, etc.) to Industry4.0 on corporate vertical and horizontal inte- gration, fully leveraging ISA-88 and ISA-95. Aksel works as independent consultant www.equinoxia.eu since 2006 mainly in Biotech Pharma4.0 for System Integrators like Zenith Tech- nologies (now Cognizant) and blue-chip corporations such as DSM, GSK, BioNTech, Kite Pharma / Gilead Sciences, Amgen, Lonza, etc. Copyright © 2021 Equinoxia Industrial Automation, The Netherlands Aksel de Vries EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In 2011, the fourth industrial revolution was announced at the German Hannover Messe. -
The Role of Manufacturing Execution Systems (Mes) in Erp Selection
IFS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY THE ROLE OF MANUFACTURING EXECUTION SYSTEMS (MES) IN ERP SELECTION Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software is well-understood by most mid-level and senior managers. Fewer understand at a high level manufacturing execution systems (MES). MES is hard to define to begin with because it is an intermediary technology between process automation equipment on the plant floor and ERP software. So let’s define some terms and drive clarity on what MES is, who needs it and how IFS meets the needs of companies who want ERP software with the functional benefits of MES. Common definitions of MES suggest that it: • Tracks and documents the transformation of raw materials into finished goods • Provides information to help business decision-makers understand real-time conditions in their plant to support optimization of operations • Enables control of inputs, personnel, machines and support services APICS, the association for operations management, defines MES as involving: • Direct and supervisory control of equipment • Graphical displays showing what is going on in the plant currently • Gathering quality information, material transactions and traceability information through integration with the production equipment used Most of these needs are satisfied by IFS Applications™. IFS functionality for ERP will provide deep traceability for inputs through inventory and non-inventory quality management tools. Personnel are managed through human resources functionality, and support services from outside the organization are handled through embedded contract management tools. Documents having to do with these various disciplines are handled by native document management functionality that enables any document—be it a material test report or a personnel training record—to be attached to work orders, shop orders, customer orders, recipes; in fact, virtually to any object across the application. -
(SCADA) Systems
NCS TIB 04-1 NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM TECHNICAL INFORMATION BULLETIN 04-1 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems October 2004 OFFICE OF THE MANAGER NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM P.O. Box 4052 Arlington, VA 22204-4052 Office of the Manager National Communications System October 2004 By Communication Technologies, Inc. 14151 Newbrook Drive, Suite 400 Chantilly, Virginia 20151 703-961-9088 (Voice) 703-961-1330 (Fax) www.comtechnologies.com Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems Abstract The goal of this Technical Information Bulletin (TIB) is to examine Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems and how they may be used by the National Communications System (NCS) in support of National Security and Emergency Preparedness (NS/EP) communications and Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP). An overview of SCADA is provided, and security concerns are addressed and examined with respect to NS/EP and CIP implementation. The current and future status of National, International, and Industry standards relating to SCADA systems is examined. Observations on future trends will be presented. Finally, recommendations on what the NCS should focus on with regards SCADA systems and their application in an NS/EP and CIP environment are presented. i ii Table of Contents Executive Summary.................................................................................................................. ES-1 1.0 Introduction........................................................................................................................... -
The MES Software Solution for Continuous Productivity Efficiency
The MES software solution for continuous Productivity Efficiency improvement The software solution for collecting and analyzing production data in real-time, to know and anticipate the production system’s weak points and to act on effective decision making to increase productivity and efficiency. 2 MES software technology for open and flexibe architectures Progea offers Pro.Lean© as a MES software solution that interconnects plant floor levels with managerial levels to provide KPI and OEE data, calculate machine downtimes, track and schedule production runs. Every modern company operating in the Industry 4.0 the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) values to age needs simple and efficient tools to ensure discover the effective connectivity, data collection, aggregation and analysis, efficiency of your production plant. Knowing the with minimum and rapid return of investment (ROI). data makes it easier to imagine how a more efficient The reality of productivity in today’s increasingly production can mean a significant increase in business competitive world, demands efficiency, quality and for any company by investing little. Even a small continuously improving processes according to the increase in performances and loss reductions will earn “Lean Manufacturing” philosophy and Industry 4.0 the company big financial gains. guidelines. Automation systems that manage In addition, data management and interconnections to manufacturing production can only be optimized by managerial systems, within a Industry 4.0 framework, having adequate real-time data. The permit you to digitalize production processes, reduce Movicon.NExT™ errors and machine downtimes. Other functions such as Pro.Lean© module offers maximum efficiency and uses production Traceability, Scheduling and Maintenance, Progea’s vast experience in the industrial automation make the Pro.Lean solution open and adaptable to any software sector. -
Industrial Engineering Industrial Engineering Is a Branch of Engineering Which Deals with the Optimization of Complex Processes Or Systems
Industrial engineering Industrial engineering is a branch of engineering which deals with the optimization of complex processes or systems. It is concerned with the development, improvement, and implementation of integrated systems of people, money, knowledge, information, equipment, energy, materials, analysis and synthesis, as well as the mathematical, physical and social sciences together with the principles and methods of engineering design to specify, predict, and evaluate the results to be obtained from such systems or processes.[1] While industrial engineering is a traditional and longstanding engineering discipline subject to (and eligible for) professional engineering licensure in most jurisdictions, its underlying concepts overlap considerably with certain business-oriented disciplines such as operations management. The various topics concerning industrial engineers include: accounting: the measurement, processing and communication of financial information about economic entities operations research, also known as management science: discipline that deals with the application of advanced analytical methods to help make better decisions operations management: an area of management concerned with overseeing, designing, and controlling the process of production and redesigning business operations in the production of goods or services. project management: is the process and activity of planning, organizing, motivating, and controlling resources, procedures and protocols to achieve specific goals in scientific or daily problems.