GROWING GREENER CITIES in LATIN AMERICA and the CARIBBEAN an FAO Report on Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture in the Region
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WORLD URBAN FORUM 7 An FAO report on urban and peri-urban agriculture in the region GROWING GREENER CITIES IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN An FAO report on urban and peri-urban agriculture in the region FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2014 Contents Overview 1 10 greener cities Havana 10 Mexico City 20 Antigua and Barbuda 30 Tegucigalpa 36 Managua 44 Quito 50 Lima 58 El Alto 66 Belo Horizonte 72 Rosario 80 Sources 90 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The designations employed and the presentation of material in the map(s) do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning the legal or constitutional status of any country, territory or sea area, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-108250-8 (print) E-ISBN 978-92-5-108251-5 (PDF) © FAO, 2014 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. 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Growing Greener Cities El Salvador Case studies in Latin America Juan Martin Mejía Iglesias, Chief, Ermin and the Caribbean Alexander Morataya, Extensionist, José Antigua and Barbuda Ricardo Aparicio, Technical supervisor, Owolabi Elabanjo, Extension Officer, Ministry of Agriculture, Lands, Housing Editor Graeme Thomas Romeo Alfonso Orellana, Extensionist, National Centre for Agricultural and and the Environment; Julius Ross, Technical Consultant, Government of Overview Layout/maps Giulio Sansonetti Forestry Technology Antigua and Barbuda Peer review FAO: Vyjayanthi Lopez, Guatemala Alberto Pantoja, Makiko Taguchi; Edgar Arnoldo Medrano, Mayor, Belo Horizonte (Brazil) RUAF: Marielle Dubbeling Chinautla Municipality; Edgar Arnoldo Zoraya B. Souza, Economist, and Caio Medrano Menéndez, President, V. Vasconcelos, Agronomist Engineer, Editorial team Diana Gutiérrez, Paula In October 2009, representatives of dwellers in Nicaragua and Guatemala were also Mancomunidad Metropolitan Board of Secretariat for Nutrition and Food Fernández-Wulff, Zoraida de Torres GO Directors; Ramiro Perez, Mayor, Palencia Security, Belo Horizonte; Lorena Fischer, governments, research institutes, N s and food producers. Savings made on food purchases, Burgos, Rosamaría Nuñez, Fynvola Le Municipality Policy Officer, World Future Council Hunte Ward, Katja Majcen international organizations from 12 countries along with sales of produce, accounted for more Guyana Bogotá in Latin America and the Caribbean met in than one-fifth of their household income. Data analysis Yota Nicolarea, George Oudho Homenauth, Chief Executive César H. Marulanda Tabares, Rapsomanikis, Federica Alfani, Officer, National Agricultural Research Agronomist, Universidad del Tolima, Medellín, Colombia, to develop strategies Five years later, this report looks at progress Giulia Ponzini and Extension Institute; George Jervis, Bogotá to end high rates of urban poverty and food toward realizing Medellín’s vision of “greener Maps data © OpenStreetMap Permanent Secretary, Ministry of El Alto (Bolivia) insecurity across the region. cities” in Latin America and the Caribbean – contributors Agriculture Juan José Estrada Paredes, Specialist Consultant, FAO Office in Bolivia ones in which urban and peri-urban agriculture This report is based on the results of an Haiti FAO survey of urban and peri-urban Ricardo St. Aime, National consultant, Havana THEY MET AS MANY COUntRIES were emerging is recognized by public policy, included in urban agriculture in Latin America and FAO Office in Haiti; Joseph Fresnel Mario González Novo, Secretary of slowly from the effects of global fuel and food development strategies and land-use planning, the Caribbean, conducted in 2013, on Sterlin, Local Agricultural Office Director, International Relations, Cuban Association city case studies prepared by national Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources of Agricultural and Forestry Technicians; price inflation, which had pushed the cost of supported by agricultural research and extension, experts in 13 countries of the region, and Rural Development Aurelia Castellanos Quintero, President, living beyond the resources of many of the and linked to sources of technological innovation, Cuban Animal Production Association and on a review of recent literature. Honduras region’s 160 million urban poor. The hardest hit investment and credit, and to urban markets and The contributions of the following are Karla Andino López, Consultant, School Jamaica GROWING gratefully acknowledged. Feeding and Urban Agriculture, FAO Roslyn Jackson, Technical Services were urban families in Caribbean countries with consumers. GREENER National surveys Office in Honduras Coordinator, Rural Agricultural a high dependency on food imports, and those CITIES IN LATIN Development Authority AMERICA Jamaica in countries with high levels of extreme urban Since 2009, the urban population of Latin AND THE Antigua and Barbuda Roslyn Jackson, Technical Services Lima CARIBBEAN Owolabi Elabanjo, Extension Officer, Coordinator, Rural Agricultural Dennis Escudero, Project Coordinator, poverty, where food purchases account for most of America and the Caribbean has increased by Ministry of Agriculture, Lands, Housing Development Authority with Jennifer Zarzar, Alberto Garcia, low-income households’ spending. some 50 million, to almost half a billion. It is and the Environment Nicaragua Jazmine Casafranca, Jorge Elgegren, 1 The Medellín meeting proposed an urban now the most urbanized region in the world, OVERVIEW Belize Henry González, Liaison Officer, FAO John Preissing, FAO Office in Peru Flint Wagner, Agricultural Officer, Office in Nicaragua Managua transition toward social inclusion, equity with 80 percent of its people living in towns and Ministry of Natural Resources and Panama Henry González, Liaison Officer, FAO and sustainability. Its Medellín Declaration cities. Almost 70 million are concentrated in four Agriculture Office in Nicaragua Julio Alberto Lara Martez, Manager, urged national, state and local governments to megacities: Buenos Aires, Mexico City, and Rio Bolivia (Plurinational State of ) Research, Innovation and Dissemination of Mexico City Crispim Moreira, FAO Representative, Urban Agriculture, Agricultural Research Pablo Torres Lima and Luis Manuel incorporate urban and peri-urban agriculture, de Janeiro and São Paulo in Brazil. Bolivia Institute of Panama Rodríguez-Sánchez, with Mariano or Upa, into their programmes for eradicating While the proportion of slum dwellers in Salazar Molina, Fernando Rodríguez Chile Paraguay hunger and poverty, ensuring food and nutrition the urban population has fallen, their total Julia María Franco, Coordinator, Carolina Mallada Martinez, Director, Rodríguez, Cristian Alejandro Reyna Municipal Urban Gardening Programme, Agricultural Policy Unit, Ministry of Ramírez, Moises Pérez Hernández security, promoting local development and number grew to more than 110 million in 2010. La Reina Municipality, Santiago Agriculture and Livestock; Jorge Gattini, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana improving the urban environment. Urban poverty rates remain unacceptably high Consultant, FAO (Xochimilco), Mexico City Colombia At the time, Upa was providing a safety net for – 30 percent of urban residents in Colombia, Hernando Arenas Salazar, Coordinator, Peru Quito Urban Vegetables Programme, José FAO Office in Peru Alexandra Rodríguez Dueñas, Manager, many low-income families. A recent Fao analysis 35 percent in Guatemala and 24 percent in Celestino Mutis Botanical Garden, Bogotá Participatory Urban Agriculture Project, Saint Kitts-Nevis Quito of national household surveys collected between Paraguay were living below the national poverty Cuba Gene Knight, Senior Project Officer, 2003 and 2008 shows that 1.4 million urban line in 2011. Adolfo Rodríguez Nodals, Director Ministry of Agriculture, Marine Resources Rosario (Argentina) General, Institute for Fundamental and Cooperatives Antonio Lattuca, Coordinator, Municipal Urban Agriculture Programme, Rosario Research in Tropical Agriculture Saint Lucia Dominica Vernet A.A. James, Youth Officer and Santiago Winston Magloire, Technical Officer, Backyard