CONTENTS • Conventions xvii Reader’s Guide xix Preface xxvii About the Author distributexxxi List of Terms or Abduction 1 Action 1 Action 3 Agency (vs. Structure) post, 4 Analytic Generalization (See Generalization) 5 Analytic Induction (See Data Analysis) 5 Analytic Memos (See Memoing) 5 Analyzing Video (See Visual Research Methods) 5 Anti-essentialism (copy,See Constructivism) 5 Antinaturalism 5 Applied 6 Appreciativenot Inquiry 6 Artifact (Artefact) 7 Arts-Based Inquiry 7 DoAtomism 7 Audience 8 Audiotaping 8 Audit Culture/Society 9 Audit Trail (See Auditing) 10 Auditing (in Qualitative Research) 10

Copyright ©2016 by SAGE Publications, Inc. This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the publisher. Authenticity 11 Authenticity Criteria 12 Authority 13 Autoethnography 14 Axiology 15

Behaviorism 17 Bias 17 Biographical Research 19 Biographical Turn 20 Body 21 Bracketing/Epoché 22 Bricolage/Bricoleur 22

Careers distribute25 Case 25 Case Study/Case-Based Research or 26 Causal Analysis/Causality 27 Chicago School of 29 Cinematic Society 30 Coding post, 30 Cognitivism 32 Collaborative Ethnography 32 Common Rule (See Institutional Review Board) 33 Communications Studies 33 Comparative Case copy,Method 33 Computer-Assisted Data Analysis 34 Confirmability (See Trustworthiness Criteria) 35 Conservativenot (See Hermeneutics) 35 Constant Comparison, Method of (See Data Analysis) 35 Constructivism 35 DoContent Analysis (See Data Analysis) 39 Context (See Contextualism) 39 Context/Logic of Discovery and Justification 39 Contextualism 41 Conversation (See Dialogue) 41 Conversation Analysis (See Data Analysis) 41

Copyright ©2016 by SAGE Publications, Inc. This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the publisher. Cooperative Inquiry 42 Covering-Law Model of Explanation 42 Credibility (See Trustworthiness Criteria) 43 Crisis of Legitimation 43 Crisis of Representation 45 Criteria 46 47 Critical Hermeneutics (See Hermeneutics) 49 Critical Race Theory 49 Critical Realism (See Realism) 50 Critical 50 51 Cultural Anthropology 52 Cultural Relativism distribute53 Cultural Studies 54 Culturally Responsive Research 54 Culture or 55

Data 57 Data Analysis 57 Data Collection post, 66 Data Management, Storage, Retrieval 66 Deconstructionism (See Hermeneutics) 67 Deduction (See Inference) 67 Deductive-Nomological Explanation (See Covering-Lawcopy, Model of Explanation) 67 Dependability (See Trustworthiness Criteria) 67 Description 67 Descriptivenot Statistics 69 Deskwork 69 Dialectic 70 DoDialogic Method (See Dialogue) 71 Dialogic Text (See Dialogism) 71 Dialogism 71 Dialogue 71 Différance (See Hermeneutics) 75 Discourse Analysis (See Data Analysis) 75

Copyright ©2016 by SAGE Publications, Inc. This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the publisher. Discourse Theory 75 Disengagement (See Body, Disinterested Social Science, Subject-Object Relationship) 76 Disinterested Social Science 76 Document Analysis 77 Double Hermeneutic 77 Dramaturgy 78 Dualism 79

Educational Ethnography 81 Embodied (See Body) 81 Emergent Design 81 Emic/Etic 83 Emotion 84 Empirical Research (See ) distribute85 Empiricism 85 Empowerment or 87 End of 88 Epistemic Criterion (See Criteria, Validity) 89 89 Erklärung post, 91 Essentialism 91 Ethics of Qualitative Inquiry 91 94 Ethnographic Authority (See Authority) 95 Ethnographic Methodscopy, 96 Ethnographic Naturalism 96 Ethnographic Realism 97 Ethnographynot 98 Ethnography of Communication 99 Ethnomethodology 99 DoEvaluation (See Qualitative Evaluation) 101 Evidence 101 Existentialism 103 Experience 103 Experimental Text 106 Explanation 107 External Validity (See Generalization) 108

Copyright ©2016 by SAGE Publications, Inc. This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the publisher. Fact (See Data, Description, Evidence) 109 Fact-Value Distinction 109 Fallibilism 110 Falsification 111 Feminist 112 Feminist Ethics 113 Feminist Ethnography 114 Fidelity to Method/Fidelity to Phenomenon 114 Field 115 Field Journal 117 Field Notes 117 Field Relations 119 Field Studies 120 Fieldwork distribute120 Focus Groups 122 Foundationalist Epistemologies 122 Frameworks for Qualitative Inquiry or 123 Frankfurt School 124 Functionalism 125

Geisteswissenschaften post, 127 Genealogy 127 Generalization 128 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) 130 Globalization 131 Grand Narrative copy, 132 Grand Theory 132 Groundednot Theory (See Data Analysis) 133 Hermeneutic Circle 135 Hermeneutic Method 137 DoHermeneutics 138 Historicism 145 Historicity 146 Holism 146 Human Action (See Action) 147 Hyperreality 147 Hypothetico-Deductive Method 148

Copyright ©2016 by SAGE Publications, Inc. This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the publisher. Idealism 149 Identity 150 Ideology 150 Idiographic Interpretation 151 Indexicality 152 Indigenous Epistemologies & Research 152 Inductive Analysis 153 Inductive-Statistical Explanation (See Explanation) 153 Inference 154 Informant 155 Informed Consent 156 Inscription 158 Insider/Outsider Perspective distribute158 Institutional Review Board (IRB) 159 Instrumental Rationality (See Instrumentalism) 162 Instrumentalism or 162 Intentionalism 163 Intentionality 164 Interest 165 Interpretation post, 166 Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (See Data Analysis) 167 Interpretive Anthropology 167 Interpretive Sociology 167 Interpretive Turn copy, 168 Interpretivism 168 Inter-rater Reliability (See Reliability) 169 Intersubjectivitynot 169 Intertextuality (See Dialogism, Text) 170 Interviewing Logic 170 DoInterviewing, Types of 171 Interview Society 173

Judgment 175 Justification of a Claim (See Evidence) 176

Knowledge 177

Copyright ©2016 by SAGE Publications, Inc. This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the publisher. Language 181 Language Games 183 Lawlike Generalization 185 Lebenswelt (See Lifeworld) 185 Life- Methodology (See Biographical Research) 185 Lifeworld 185 Liminality 187 Literary Turn (in Social Science) 187 Literature Review (See Review of Literature) 188 Lived Experience (See Experience) 188 Local Knowledge 188 Logical Empiricism 188 Logical distribute190 Logocentrism (See Hermeneutics) 191

Marginal Native (See ) or 193 Materialist Explanation (See Explanation) 193 Meaning 193 Meaning Realism (See Intentionalism, Objectivism, Realism) post, 195 Medical Sociology 195 Member Check 195 Memoing 196 Metaethnography 197 Metanarrative (Seecopy, Grand Narrative) 198 Metaphysics 198 Method 199 Methodologynot 201 Microethnography 204 Mixed Methods Research 204 DoModernism/Modernity (See Postmodernism, Praxis, Rationalism) 206 Monological (See Dialogism, Dialogue) 206 Multiple Realities 206

Naïve Realism (See Realism) 209 Narrative 209 Narrative Analysis (See Data Analysis) 210

Copyright ©2016 by SAGE Publications, Inc. This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the publisher. Narrative Criteria (See Verisimilitude) 210 Narrative Ethics 210 Narrative Explanation 210 Narrative Inquiry 211 Narrative Psychology 211 Narrative Realism 212 Native’s Point of View 212 Natural Setting (See Ethnographic Naturalism, Naturalistic Inquiry) 213 Naturalism 213 Naturalistic Inquiry 214 Naturalistic Interpretation of the Social Sciences (See Naturalism) 215 Naturwissenschaften 215 Negative Case distribute215 (See Online Ethnography) 216 Nomothetic Knowledge 216 Nonfoundational Epistemologies or 216

Objectivism 217 Objectivist Hermeneutics (See Hermeneutics) post, 218 Objectivity 218 Observation 219 Ocular Epistemology (See Observation) 221 Online Ethnography 221 Ontological Hermeneuticscopy, (See Hermeneutics) 221 221 Oral Historynot 222 Other (The Other, Otherness) 222

DoParadigm 225 Paradigmatic Knowledge Claim 226 Participant Observation 227 Participatory Action Research (PAR) 229 Participatory Qualitative Research 230 Peer Debriefing 230

Copyright ©2016 by SAGE Publications, Inc. This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the publisher. Performance Ethnography (See Performance Studies) 231 Performance/Performative/Performativity 231 Performance Studies 232 Perspectivalism (See Relativism) 233 Phenomenological Sociology 233 Phenomenology 234 Philosophical Hermeneutics (See Hermeneutics) 235 Photo-Elicitation, Method of 235 Phronesis (See Praxis) 236 Play 236 Pluralism 237 Poiesis (See Praxis) 238 Politics of Research distribute238 Polyphony (See Dialogism) 240 Positivism 240 Postempiricism or 241 Postmodern Ethnography 241 Postmodern Feminism (See Feminist Epistemologies) 242 Postmodern Sensibilities 242 Postmodernism post, 243 245 Poststructuralism 245 Practical Reason/Rationality (See Praxis, Rationality, Technical Rationality) 246 Practical Turn copy, 246 Practice (See Praxis) 247 Pragmatism 247 Praxis not 248 Prejudice (See Bias) 252 (The) Problem of the Criterion 252 DoProcess Tracing 253 Propositional Knowledge 254 Purposive Sampling (See Sampling Logic) 254

Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) 255 Qualitative Evaluation 255

Copyright ©2016 by SAGE Publications, Inc. This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the publisher. Qualitative Evidence Synthesis (See Review of the Literature) 256 Qualitative Inquiry 256 Qualitative Market Research 258 Qualitative Nursing Research 258 Qualitative Psychology 259 Quantification (See Quantitative) 259 Quantitative 259

Radical Hermeneutics (See Hermeneutics) 261 Rationalism 261 Rationality 262 Reactivity 263 Realism 264 Realist Tale (See Ethnographic Realism) 267 Reciprocity distribute267 Reductionism 267 Reflexivity or 268 Relativism 269 Reliability 270 Representation 271 Representativeness (See Sampling Logic)post, 272 Research as Argument 273 Research Design 273 Respondent (See Ethics of Qualitative Inquiry, Informant) 274 Respondent Validationcopy, (See Member Check) 274 Review of Literature 274 Rhetoric 276

Sample notSize (See Sampling Logic) 277 Sampling Logic 277 DoSampling, Types of 279 Science 279 (See Method) 280 280 Semiotics 281 Sensitizing Concepts 282 Skepticism 282

Copyright ©2016 by SAGE Publications, Inc. This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the publisher. Snowball Sampling (See Sampling, Types of) 283 Social Anthropology (See Cultural Anthropology) 283 Social Constructionism (See Constructivism) 283 Social Indicators 283 Social Network Analysis 284 Sociology of Scientific Knowledge (SSK) 284 Spectator Theory of Knowledge (See Observation) 285 Standards for Qualitative Research 285 Standpoint Epistemologies 286 Statistical Explanation 287 Statistical Generalization (See Generalization) 288 Structuralism 288 Subject 289 Subjectivism distribute289 Subjectivity 289 Subject-Object Relationship 290 Symbolic Interactionism or 292 Systematic Reviews (See Review of Literature) 293

Tacit (Personal) Knowledge post, 295 Technical Rationality 296 Teleology 297 Text 297 Textual Analysis, Methods of 299 Textual Experimentationcopy, 300 Textualism (See Text) 301 Textualization (See Transcription) 301 Thematicnot Analysis (See Data Analysis) 301 Theoretical Candor 301 Theoretical Generalization (See Generalization) 301 DoTheoretical Sampling (See Data Analysis Sampling Logic) 301 Theoretical Saturation (See Data Analysis) 301 Theory, Types of 301 Theory, Uses of 303 Theory-Observation Distinction 304

Copyright ©2016 by SAGE Publications, Inc. This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the publisher. Theory of Signs (See Semiotics) 305 Theory-Practice Relationship (See Praxis, Use of Qualitative Inquiry) 306 Thick Description 306 Transcription 306 Transferability (See Generalization, Trustworthiness Criteria) 307 Triangulation 307 Trustworthiness Criteria 308 Truth 310 Typologies 312

Underdetermination of Theory by Data (See Theory-Observation Distinction) 313 Understanding 313 Unity of Method (See Logical distribute Empiricism, Naturalism) 315 Unity of Sciences or (See Logical Empiricism Naturalism) 315 Unobtrusive Data 316 Use of Qualitative Inquiry post, 316 Validity 319 Value-Free Social Science (See Disinterested Social Science, Fact-Value Distinction) 321 Value-Neutrality (See Disinterested Social Science, Fact-Value Distinction, Politicscopy, of Research) 321 Verification 321 Verisimilitude 322 Verstehennot 324 Virtual Ethnography (See Online Ethnography) 327 Visual Research Methods 327 DoVoice 328

Warranted Assertion 331 Weltanschauung 331 Writing Strategies 332

Copyright ©2016 by SAGE Publications, Inc. This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the publisher.