May 6, 1994

CAMPAIGN UPDATE # 4

"Free at last" A Project of The Africa Fund African National Congress Wins 's First Democratic Election

The African National Congress (ANC) has won a significant victory in South Africa's first non-racial democratic election. The ANC has won a strong majority in the national parliament and control of seven of the nine provincial legislatures. will be elected President of South Africa by the new Parliament on Monday, May 9.

In his victory speech, Nelson Mandela thanked the people of South Africa and the world for their long struggle against and stressed the need to implement the ANC platform on national reconstruction and development.

According to figures announced today by the Independent Electoral Commission, the ANC has won 62 . 65% of the votes for the national parliament, which will also serve as a constituent assembly to draft a new constitution. The National Party received 20.39% and Inkatha 10.54%. This will give the ANC 252 seats in the 400 member parliament, the National Party 82 seats and Inkatha 43 seats. In addition, the Freedom Front won 2.17% ( 9 seats), the Democratic Party 1.73% (7 seats), the PAC 1.25% (5 seats) and African Christian Democratic Party 0 . 45% (2 seats) .

The ANC also won control of seven of the nine provincial legislatures. The National Party won control of the legislature of Western Cape province with 53.25%, compared to 33.01% for the ANC and 6 . 64% for the Democratic Party.

The results in KwazulujNatal province, where Inkatha won a small majority of 50.8% and the ANC 32%, were much more controversial. Both the ANC and Inkatha claimed widespread election fraud. The ANC claims that Inkatha set up illegal voting stations and refused ANC, monitors and international observers access in many places. The final results have been resolved by negotiations between the ANC, Inkatha and the Independent Electoral Commission. This will give Inkatha 41 seats, the ANC 29, the National Party 9, the Democratic Party 2 and the PAC 1 .

Enclosed are reports from Africa Fund Executive Director Jennifer Davis and Projects Director Dumisani Kumalo who were official observers. 198 Broadway New York, NY 1 0038 Tel : 212.962.1210 FINAL RESULTS SOUTH AFRICAN ELECTION

National Results: Percentaee of Votes Cast and National Assembly Seat Allocations

African National Congress: 62.65% I 252 seats

National Party: 20.39% I 82 seats

Inkatha Freedom Party: 10.54% I 43 seats

Freedom Front: 2.17% I 9 seats

Democratic Party: 1. 73% I 7 seats

Pan Africanist Congress: 1.25% I 5 seats

African Christian Democratic Party: .45 % I 2 seats

Total Seats: 400

Cabinet Appointments:

Parties with 5% or more of the national vote are entitled to a proportional share of cabinet posts. The following posts have been assigned thus far.

President: Nelson Mandela Executive Vice President: Second Vice President: F. W. de Klerk Foreign Affairs: Alfred Nzo Welfare and Housing: Defense: Police: Sydney Mofumadi Prisons: Ahmed Kathrada Public Enterprises: Public Works: Justice: Arts and Culture: Trade and Industry: Labor: Health: Nkosazana Zuma Transport: Provincial: Constitutional: Reconstruction and Development: Finance:

Reeional Results

The' ANC will control 7 of 9 Regional Parliaments, losing the Western Cape to the National Party and NataliKwaZulu to the .

Regions are: Western Cape, Northern Cape, Eastern Cape, NataliKwaZulu , Orange Free State, PWV, Northwest, Eastern Transvaal, Northern Transvaal.

May 9, 1994 A Project of From Jennifer Davis The Africa Fund Johannesburg, 2nd May 1994 11:00 PM

I have been at my first ever Presidential acceptance speech party- and what a party! I arrived just before 7 PM - crowds not yet arrived. It was in the Carlton Hotel ballroom, where at about 9 PM Thabo Mbeki, ANC National Chairperson, introduced Nelson Mandela. As we waited the mood was wonderful - lots of our old friends - who hugged and kissed me and kept saying over and over "thank you", "we couldn't have done it without you". The newly elected ANC parliamentarian introduced me to someone as the pillar of the U.S. anti-apartheid movement. , ANC Secretary General, asked Dumisani to find me and bring me over. COSATU's found me a glass of champagne after the speech was over - and said, more explicitly than anyone else, "It's great, it's great, but don't stop now. We'll be back asking you for more help." The mood kept building, and the room filling. The walls were lined American style with TV sets, but not the huge screen ones, and with thousands of black, yellow and gold balloons.

On my way in, driving, I heard on the car radio De Klerk's concession speech and pledge to keep working in a government of National Unity. Interestingly he spoke mostly in English, only switching to Afrikaans when he talked of his pledge to ensure the values dear to his people and party, family values and religion, etc. When Mandela spoke he was strong voiced although he had a cold. "When I saw my Doctor early this moming he told me not to use my voice for today and tomorrow and so in two days my cold will be better! So I ask you, please, don't disclose to my Doctor that I am talking to you here."

He said he had received calls from many leaders in the last few hours including, F. W . de Klerk, General Constandt Viljoen, leader of Freedom Front; Dr. Zach de Beer of the Democratic Party and Johnson Mlambo, Vice-President of PAC- all congratulating him for the strong showing of the ANC. To the people of the world and the anti-apartheid struggle, President Mandel a · announced, "This is indeed a joyous night for the human spirit. This is your victory, too. You helped end apartheid, you stood with us through the transition."

198 Broadway New York , NY 10038 Tel : 212.962.1210 He in tum congratulated de Klerk and the others in receiving five percent of the votes counted thus far. "I want to congratulate [de Klerk] for the many days, weeks and months and the four years that we have worked together, quarreled, addressed sensitive problems and at the end of our heated exchanges were able to shake hands and to drink coffee." President Mandela also expressed that he was looking forward to discussions with the leaders of liberation movements. He stressed collective leadership and referred to Freedom Charter. He saluted some of South Africa's great leaders, John

Dube, G. M. Naicker1 Dr. Abduraman, Bram Fisher, Helen Joseph, Chris Hani and . "They should have been here to celebrate with us for this is their achievement too."

He emphasized that tomorrow will be back to work to get South Africa working. "This means creating jobs, building houses, providing education and bringing peace and security for al l. This is going to be the acid test of the Government of National Unity." To fulfill the promise of the Reconstruction and Development Program is a sign of trust that the government must give its people. "It was a program which was developed by the masses of the people themselves in people's forums." He called on all South Africans to celebrate the birth of a new nation, but the celebration must be peaceful, respectful and disciplined. It is now a time to heal. After Mandela's speech, Thabo Mbeki said, "The new State President talked about drinking coffee with de Klerk but now I want him to drink a glass of champagne." They popped the cork, the crowd went wild , then everyone broke out in song .

It was party time. 'We did it, we did it," was heard all around me. Hundreds of people were hugging and kissing, waving little ANC and new South African flags. People were also dancing around the room. It was a beautiful sight. Very very special. A Project of May 5, 1994 The Africa Fund LEITER FROM JOHANNESBURG ...

FROM DUMISANI S. KUMALO

Aprii26 ... At a dilapidated school in Soweto, a long line of 80 and 90 year old men and women began forming long before sunrise. The dark, chilly autumn morning did not bother any of these people. Neither was their fragile and trembling limbs or their fading eye-sight enough to keep them away.

"Why are you here, Gogo,II I ask an 85 year old woman. She reminds me of my mother who died without ever voting.

"We are here for Mandela. We are going to put him in the box,II she says as the other grey heads around her nod agreement. It does not matter to them that they have never seen a ballot box ever in their lives. Meanwhile, I am feeling guilty for having talked to this old lady because she has disclosed who she would vote for. The Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) warned us not to ask anyone who they would vote for.

"Gogo, you are not supposed to tell me or anyone else who you are going to vote for," I say.

"She is just telling you we are here for Mandela. Every one knows that," says an old man with eyes almost shut with blindness. Again, all those around us shake their heads in agreement. So much for vote secrecy.

Inside the polling station another old lady is sitting at the Presiding Officer's table. Monitors, observers and party agents have been summoned to be with her.

"My child, I can't see anymore. I want you to put my cross next to Mandela's

· face. I am here to put Mandel a in the box,II she says to the Presiding Officer who immediately complies by marking the ballot as requested by the voter. He hands it back to the old lady.

198 Broadway New York, NY 10038 Tel: 212.962.1210 She squints her gray eyes and tries to see the cross in the box next to Mandela's picture. But her sight is almost gone.

"Can anyone tell me if this boy put my cross next to Mandela? I don't believe this boy did the right thing," she asks loudly.

We confirm to her that the officer did as she wished. The old lady remains quiet for a while. Then she tries again to see her vote without success. There are hundreds of other old people ~aiting outside. No one knows how many would require similar assistance. There is fear that voting might go into the night. There are no lights in this voting station.

The following morning, April27, I arrived at 6:15am at Holy Cross Church in Soweto. This was where I came to vote for Mandela. In fact, I cast my vote for my father and my mother who died without knowing this day would be ever possible. I also was voting for my son Mandl a who couldn't be here to put Mandel a in the box for himself. I also did it for Father Theo Rakale who for many years was the minister at Holy Cross. He spoke out against apartheid when it was dangerous and deadly to do so . Many of my generation were molded as freedom fighters by Father Rakale.

It is about 9:30 pm on the night of May 2. I am standing on a chair watching Nelson Mandela accept a landslide victory as the first democratically elected president South Africa has ever known. Next to me is my colleague and boss, Jennifer Davis, also standing on another fancy chair fit to sit an executive or a king. For forty years of apartheid, I would never have been allowed to sit on this chair let alone plant my dusty soles on it. That is if I was even allowed through the doors of this hotel. But on this night, no one cares about the damage to the furniture. Actually, no one cares about anything. Through smiles, tears and screams, we finally know why some of us went into exile, jail and even the grave. This was the moment we sacrificed for.

The ballroom at the Carlton Hotel is crowded with people from all walks of life - Blacks, whites, foreigners, Mkhonto soldiers, business people and so on. Even the waiters have stopped serving drinks. This is the moment our parents and ancestors never saw. We are not prepared to miss anything about it.

''You can proclaim from rooftops: free at last," says President Mandela. Big women and men weep without shame.

I cannot help but think about the semi-blind old lady in Soweto. She said she put Mandel a in the box. She was right. Now he is coming out as President Mandela.

On the television screen along the wall, a 97 year old woman is telling a reporter, "Now I can die in peace."

I now know I will forever live in peace ... OP-ED FRIDAY, MAY 6, 1994

A Project of The Africa Fund Abroad at Home ANTHONYLE~S \ Help From Outsii:Je

e BOSTON because South Africans care about United States. Henry Kissinger ad­ Nelson Mandela will become presi­ sports. vised President Nixon to soflen dent of a new South Africa because of In the 1960's the American Com­ America's "stance toward white re-' what he and other South Africans did. mittee on Africa, from its small office gimes" in southern Africa, and Mr .. It was mainly an internal struggle in New York, began campaigning for Nixon took the advice. that led to the extraordinary denoue­ economic sanctions. Its director, Jen­ Some Americans insisted in the ment we have been seeing. nifer Davis, a friend who should not teeth of reality that the African Na­ But outside pressure did help. That on that account be omitted, perse­ tional Congress did not speak for is worth remembering at a time when vered for 30 years against indiffer­ most South Africans. As late as 1990 we are called upon to consider the ence and furious resistance. the provost of Boston University, Jon effectiveness and the desirability of The sanctions campaign, supported Westling, rebuked a school superin­ economic sanctions against govern­ especially by churches and students, tendent for praising Nelson Mandela; ments that violate human rights, made headway at universities and in Mr. Mandela, he said, "has thrown in from Haiti to China. cities and states with large pension his lot with the killers." Until quite recently the outside But even some people who really • world cared little about South Africa. opposed apartheid pooh-poohed sanc­ From the beginning of apartheid in tions as ineffective or harmful to 1948 through the bannings and deten­ blacks. But of course the black vic­ tions and killings of the 1950's and Sanctions aided tims of apartheid mostly wanted 1960's, South Africa did not register sanctions. on the Richter scale of American South Africa. Prime Minister Margaret Thatch­ politics. er blocked Commonwealth support The first American political leader for sanctions. Instead the Common­ who showed real interest was Robert wealth, in 1986, sent a mission to Kennedy. In a trip to South Africa in funds. Banks were pressed to stop South Africa that saw Nelson Man­ 1966 he challenged the tyranny and lending to South Africa. In the 1980's dela in prison and found him "un­ fear that then had the country in their TransAfrica, headed by Randall Rob­ marked by any trace of bitterness." gr;p. inson, dramatized the sanctions idea Then the Thatche!"' Governme~t's At a time when few diplomats vis­ in Washington. Today Mr. Robinson is Ambassador, Sir Robin Renwick, ited black townships or entertained fasting to protest U.S. policy on Haiti. played an important part in persuad­ black leaders, Senator Kennedy iden­ In 1986 Congress passed the Anti­ ing President F. W. de Klerk and his tified with the black majority and Apartheid Act over President Rea­ colleagues to release the political with all the victims of repression. gan's veto- in good part because a prisoners and negotiate. Sir Robin is r.tany South Africans, black and group of conservative Republicans now the Ambassador in Washington. white, have told me that he gave them led by Representative Vin Weber of If people of good will in the outside courage to fight injustice - and rea­ Minnesota supported it. Nelson Man­ world had understood earlier the im­ son to believe that some in the outside dela has called the act's. comprehen­ portance of change in South Africa, world would care. sive ecoQOmic sanctions a crucial and how sanctions could help bring it The most significant pressure from piece of outside pressure. about, much misery would have been outside came from boycotts and sanc­ Not all conservatives were as avoided and many lives spared. But it tions. The first was the sports boycott . clear-sighted as Vin Weber and his is also true that, with different lead­ started by Dennis Brutus, an exiled colleagues. President Reagan spoke ers on either side, change might have South African poet. It Jed to the exclu­ warmly of the South African Govern­ been even later and bloodier. Late as sion of South Africa from the Olym­ ment; his Administration even tried it is, w!lat has been achieved now is pics and other events - which hurt to deport Dennis Brutus from the reason. for celebration. 0

198 Broadway New York, NY 10038 Tel : 212 .962.1210 I.NDEP!:::ND8N·i ON SUNDAY 8 M.A)" 1994

Povv<~r changes t1ands in new SA provinces A Project of The Africa Fund 'Terror' and the judge finally meet as equals

niE LAST tim-: ·"Terror' Frorn John Carlin in s :oemtonte1r. sl:l.rling to !i.IC<:r ilirau ~•· rr::• f.d..DI;,. bov.•ed to a jut!ge w ~o..~ irl :1 ··------~ bra.i.n that all oi s~.:~den "c're 198.5 '-'ithen he w~ ~>entence ·j tO ia a fr~e demo..:r:u:v, " he s:H.t 12 ye=1r:~ in jail for higi\ treason. l(waZulu·NacaJ, will hold irs bers, Abrie Ooscerhu)'s, fol· Mr Hum.>n i> ,j ta rocer, 3 Yeste·Iday ID0111ing ro..e bowed fim parlia.t:Pstethuys said, "nave boch !!'lelilbc:r or !liS rornmt•nity in uf th':- Oranl;<'!- Free Stare. pr~idc!ilt in Pre :oria. been front-row rugby iOfWntds Harrumith anc.J ..1. m~::r,ber. The ~..:tt.io.g wa.~ the R~~~.tl Ti aiJ you had to go on yesttJ'· in our nme, 11nd from aow we sl.!l.:e 1992. of tr•c A!"C. ~ "~1. t!1<: CO WlCiJ .bll. lil Blo-.,f:1 day i.o Bloemfont~l was the will plreJudicr.:, CJI h1S ps! .IDtlably hts hO\I)t; ha.~ ;:)!ovin<::~:\ first democratic les mations the world h:lS wit· took notes. Few people. includ· heen bc.mbed and h!~ children Jslature, ~4 of whe dr-Cte·1 aessed. I!Wde rbe august ing his A..."'C comrades. laww h:uassed. bur £rom nuw 011 he rcpr("seota[IVt.:s - .nr. rica.'l National Congress. . - the mood offered no sugges­ on the footbu.il field i!l bis Mr Human il<'pped uut~idc The ord¢r of proceedmii~ tion that a revolution was afoot. yourh. At 45, Mr Lekota is a into the bti~l:: nvon ~un h~ht to was ~t out in a 17-page docu M! 1ustie