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Geselligkeit Und Methode. Naturgeschichtliches Sammeln Im 18

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Geselligkeit Und Methode. Naturgeschichtliches Sammeln Im 18 Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2004 Geselligkeit und Methode : naturgeschichtliches Sammeln im 18. Jahrhundert : naturgeschichtliches Sammeln im 18. Jahrhundert Siemer, Stefan Abstract: Die Arbeit behandelt naturgeschichtliche Sammlungen aus der Perspektive von Austausch und wissenschaftlicher Forschung. Im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung stehen die Londoner Sammler und Naturforscher Hans Sloane (1660-1753) und Emmanuel Mendes da Costa (1717-1791) sowie der Danziger Sammler Johann Philipp Breyne (1680-1764). Neugier und methodische Genauigkeit prägte deren Hal- tung ebenso wie der Wunsch, ihre Sammlungen zum Zentrum geselligen und freundschaftlichen Umgangs zu machen. Der Nahblick auf die alltägliche Sammlungs- und Forschungspraxis der Naturforscher zeigt das Sammeln als Bewegung: Objekte werden geschenkt, getauscht, auf dem Markt erworben oder auf Forschungsreisen zusammengetragen. Die Arbeit endet mit einem Ausblick auf das 19. Jahrhundert. Die naturgeschichtliche Sammlungen fanden nun ihren festen Platz innerhalb den öffentlich zugänglichen Naturkundemuseen. Der Preis für diese Öffentlichkeit war die Trennung des Forschungs- vom Samm- lungsraum, deren Einheit im 18. Jahrhundert noch allgegenwärtig war. The Dissertation deals with natural history collections as part of 18th century practice of exchange and research. It describes the activities of the London collectors and natural historians Hans Sloane (1660-1753), Emmanuel Mendes da Costa (1717-1791) and Johann Philipp Breyne (1680-1764) from Danzig. Curiosity and methodical research made their collections centres of discourse, friendship and mutual exchange. From this point of view collections are described as part of contemporary practices of the exchange of knowledge and objects. As cultural commodities natural history objects were exchanged on the market or gathered during far reaching expeditions. The dissertation ends with an outlook into the 19th century. At this time natural history collections became part of museums of natural history and were made accessible to a wider public. But in consequence that meant a separation between spaces of research and spaces of public display. Both of them were closely connected during the 18th century. Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-163182 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Siemer, Stefan. Geselligkeit und Methode : naturgeschichtliches Sammeln im 18. Jahrhundert : naturgeschichtliches Sammeln im 18. Jahrhundert. 2004, University of Zurich, Faculty of Arts. GESELLIGKEIT UND METHODE. NATURGESCHICHTLICHES SAMMELN IM 18. JAHRHUNDERT Abhandlung zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Zürich vorgelegt von Stefan Siemer von Leverkusen Angenommen auf Antrag von Herrn Prof. Dr. Bernd Roeck München, 2004 VORWORT Das vorliegende Buch ist die leicht überarbeitete Fassung meiner im Winter- semester 2000/2001 an der Universität Zürich eingereichten Dissertation. Danken möchte ich an erster Stelle Prof. Dr. Bernd Roeck, der die Arbeit be- treute und mir im Rahmen seiner Colloquien in Bonn und in der Villa Vigoni mehrfach Gelegenheit gab, Teile daraus vorzustellen. Prof. Dr. Urs Bitterli über- nahm freundlicherweise das Zweitgutachten. Zu Dank verpflichtet bin ich überdies allen Archiven und Bibliotheken, die mir ihre Bestände zugänglich machten, darunter besonders der Staatsbibliothek Bam- berg, der Staatsbibliothek Berlin, der British Library London, dem British Muse- um London, dem Natural History Museum London, der Library of the Royal College of Surgeons of England London, der Royal Society Library London, der Forschungsbibliothek Gotha, der Bodleian Library Oxford und der Zentral- bibliothek Zürich. Gedankt sei auch denjenigen Institutionen, die die Arbeit durch Stipendien und Arbeitsaufenthalte ermöglichten: dem Deutschen Akademischen Austausch- dienst, dem Deutschen Historischen Institut London und dem Institut für euro- päische Geschichte Mainz. Mein besonderer Dank gilt dabei Prof. Dr. Heinz Duchhardt, der die Arbeit in die Schriftenreihe des Mainzer Instituts aufnahm. Bedanken möchte ich mich überdies bei Dr. Ralph Melville, der sie redaktionell betreut hat, und Frau Annette Reichardt, die das druckfertige Manuskript erstellt hat, sowie bei Dr. Claus Scharf und Dr. Matthias Schnettger. Nicht zuletzt möchte ich denjenigen herzlich danken, die mich während der vergangenen Jahre mit Anregungen, Korrekturen und kritischen Kommentaren begleiteten und ohne die diese Arbeit so nicht hätte fertiggestellt werden können: Silke Berdux, Martin Ehrenfeuchter, Anke te Heesen, Michael Kempe, Arthur MacGregor, Ulrike Stottrop und Udo Scheer. Danken möchte ich auch Benedikt Mauer und Otto W. Plocher, die mir über die Jahre und räumliche Distanz hin- weg ihre Freundschaft bewahrten. Ich widme diese Arbeit meinen Eltern Klaus und Katharina Siemer. München, Juni 2004 Stefan Siemer INHALT Vorwort ....................................................................................................................... IX Einleitung: Sammeln als kommunikative Praxis ................................................. 1 Sprechen über Objekte ....................................................................................... 1 Sammlungsgeschichte ......................................................................................... 3 Sammeln als kommunikative Praxis ................................................................. 5 Sammeln und Forschen ...................................................................................... 8 Quellen .................................................................................................................. 11 Gliederung ............................................................................................................ 12 1. Gemeinschaft ........................................................................................................ 14 1.1 Der Sammler im urbanen Raum ................................................................. 15 Das erweiterte Zentrum ............................................................................... 29 Besuche und Empfehlungen ....................................................................... 34 1.2 »The narrow sphere of my own observations«: Sammeln in der Provinz .............................................................................. 48 Die englische Provinz .................................................................................. 55 Stützpunkte auf dem Kontinent ................................................................. 64 1.3 Jenseits der Studierstube: naturgeschichtliche Exkursionen .................. 78 Nordamerika .................................................................................................. 81 Rußland ........................................................................................................... 87 1.4 Gelehrte Briefwechsel ................................................................................... 97 Korrespondenzen und Zeitschriften .......................................................... 99 Die Rhetorik der Gemeinsamkeit .............................................................. 103 »A great many anecdotes«: gedruckte Korrespondenzen ....................... 108 1.5 Gaben und Gegengaben .............................................................................. 111 Naturalien ....................................................................................................... 113 Büchersendungen .......................................................................................... 121 Widmungen .................................................................................................... 126 Holländische Pfahlwürmer .......................................................................... 133 Subskriptionen ............................................................................................... 137 VI Inhalt 2. Sammlungsräume ................................................................................................. 140 2.1 Die naturgeschichtliche Sammlung zwischen Wissenschaft und Lebensstil ............................................................................................... 143 Virtuosi und Pedanten ................................................................................. 144 Physikotheologie und Wunderkammer ..................................................... 150 »Employment for the mind«: Die Sammlung als Privatraum .................................................................... 156 Der Sammlungsraum .................................................................................... 163 2.2 Exkurs: Die Bibliothek in der Sammlung ................................................. 175 2.3 Wissenschaft und Konsum: Sammlungen in der Warenwelt ................. 181 Auktionen und Verkäufe ............................................................................. 186 Der Händler als Erzieher ............................................................................. 193 2.4 »Publick Cabinets of Fossils«: Die Sammlung als öffentliche Institution .................................................. 197 Das Ashmolean Museum in Oxford .......................................................... 200 Die Woodward-Sammlung in Cambridge .................................................. 205 Das
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