U.S. EPA, Pesticides, Label, CONTANS WG, 11/22/2010

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

U.S. EPA, Pesticides, Label, CONTANS WG, 11/22/2010 If I)).) l-o ( D UNIT~:r- TATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIOr( 1ENCY NOV 22 201D Dr. Joseph W. Burley Agent for Prophyta Biologischer Pflanzenschutz GmbH 2520 Meridian Parkway, Suite 525 Durham, NC 27713 Re: Coniothyrium minitans strain CON1M/91-08 Contans® WG EPA Reg. No. 72444-1 Submissions dated 08111110 and 11116/2010 Decision No. 438994 Dear Dr. Burley: The Agency has reviewed your request to amend the subject product registration, which includes the following changes to the product label: 1. Label format revised in accordance with the Label Review Manual (LRM). 2. Addition of general text under "Directions for Use" to clarify use of product and application information in accordance with 40 CFR 156.1 O(i)(l )(i). 3. Addition of new "Distributed by" in accordance with 40 CFR 152.132. 4. Revision of Container Handling statements in accordance with PR Notice 2007-4. The amendment referred to above, submitted in connection with registration under FIFRA section 3(c)(5)is acceptable provided that you: 1. Submit two (2) copies of your final printed labeling before you release the product for shipment. Refer to the A-79 enclosure for a further description of a final printed label. Your release for shipment of the product bearing the amended labeling constitutes acceptance of these conditions. CONCURRENCES SYMBOL .~(!Cf) . ....7.:?lLf .................................................................................................................................. SURNAME .J~~~~ ....... ~ ........................ ~ ............................................................................................................. DATE :ZNOll 0 r ./1;1,;/10 EPA Form 1320-1A (1/90) Printed on Recycled Paper OFFICIAL FILE COpy "U.S. Government Printing Office: 2005 200-899 (mac) ( Pg 2 -Fast Track Amendment cover letter - Dr. Burley - EPA Reg No 72444-1 A stamped copy of the label is enclosed for your records. If you have questions, please contact Mary Paden by phone at 703308-0411 or by email at [email protected]. Sincerely, JJdi(01 ·Chief, Microbial Pesticides Branch Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division (Mail Code 7511P) Enclosures (2): A-79 Stamped Label 2 ( \ Contans ®WG Biological Fungicide For agricultural, greenhouse and nursery uses to reduce/control Scferotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotinia minor in the soil. ACTIVE INGREDIENT: Coniothyrium minitans strain CON/M/91-0B ............................................................................ 5.30% OTHER INGREDIENTS: ........................................................................................................ 94.70% TOTAL: ................................................................................................................................ 100.000/0 Contains a minimum of 1 x 109 cfu/gram PftOI)UCTSAVAt LA B Lli OMRI Lis ted The active ingredient of Contans WG Is exempt from the requirement ofa tolerance for residues in and on all food commodities, and can be used in any agricultural soli without rotational crop restrictions. KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN CAUTION FIRST'AID If swallowed Call a poison control center or doctor immediately for treatment advice. · Have person Sip a glass of water if able to swallow. · Do not induce vomiting unless tdld to do so by the poison control center or doctor. · Do notgive anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If on skin or clothing · Remove contaminated clothing. · Rinse skin immediately with plenty of water for 15-20 minutes. · Call a polson control center or doctor for treatment advice. If inhaled ·• Move person to fresh air. • if person is not breathing, call 911 or an ambulance, then give artificial respiration, preferably by mouth-to-mouth, if possible. • Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice Have the product container or label with you when calling a poison control center or doctor or going for treatment. EPA Reg. No: 72444-1 EPA Est. No: 72444-DEU-001 Distributed by: Sipcam Agro USA, Inc. 2520 Meridian Parkway, Suite 525 Durham, NC 27713 ACCEPTED tlOv,,10lO Net Weight: 25, 50 Ibs. For more information call: (800) 295-0733 Batch Code: Store Contans WG in a cool dry place at approximately 39°F or below (freezing included) out of direct sunlight and away from heat sources. Keep from overheating. (Almacene en un lugar fresco seco fuera de luz directa del sol y lejos de fuentes de calor en aproximadamente 39°F. Mantenga de recalentar.) 1 ( ( 4/ fo PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS HAZARDS TO HUMANS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS CAUTION Harmful if swallowed, if absorbed through skin or inhaled. Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE): Applicators and other handlers must wear long­ sleeved shirt and long pants, waterproof gloves and shoes plus socks. All mixerlloaders and applicators must wear a dusUmist-filtering respirator (MSHAINIOSH approval number prefix TC- 21C), or a NIOSH approved respirator with any N,P,R, or HE filter. Follow manufacturer's instructions for cleaning/maintaining PPE. If no such instructions for washables exist, use detergent and hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry. USER SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS Users should: • Wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco or using the toilet. • Remove PPE immediately after handling this product. • Wash the outside of gloves before removing. As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean clothing. ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS: Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present, or to intertidal areas below the mean high-water mark. Do not contaminate water by cleaning equipment or disposal of equipment washwaters. DIRECTIONS FOR USE It is a violation of Federal Law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling. For any requirements specific to your state or tribe, consult the agency responsible for pesticide regulation. Do not apply this product in a way that will contact workers or other persons, either directly or through drift. Only protected handlers may be in the area during application. AGRICULTURAL USE REQUIREMENTS Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR Part 170. This standard contains requirements for the protection of agricultural workers on farms, forests, nurseries and greenhouses, and handlers of agricultural pesticides. It contains requirements for training, decontamination, notification, and emergency assistance. It also contains specific instructions and exceptions pertaining to the statements on this label about personal protective equipment (PPE), and restricted entry intervals (REI). The requirements on this box/bag only apply to uses of this product that are covered by the Worker Protection Standard. Do not enter or allow worker entry into treated areas during the restricted entry interval of 4 hours. PPE required for early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact with anything that has been treated, such as plants, soil or water is: • Coveralls • Waterproof gloves • Shoes plus socks. PRODUCT INFORMATION: • Contans WG is a water dispersible granule for the reduction/control of Sc/erotinia sc/erotiorum and Sc/erolinia minor in agricultural, nursery, and greenhouse soils. • Contans WG is registered to be used on soils where plants susceptible to Sc/erolinia sC/erotiorum and Sc/erolinia minor are grown. These plants include brassica (cole) leafy vegetables, bulb vegetables, cereal grains, cucurbit vegetables, fruiting vegetables, herbs & spices, leafy vegetables, legume vegetables, non-grass animal feeds, oilseed crops, ornamentals, root & tuber vegetables. • For use in pre-plant, in crop, postharvest by broadcast, band, and aerial applications (See APPLICATION INFORMATION) • Contans WG is intended for use as part of an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) system. When used in conjunction with good cultural management practices and as part of a complete disease control program, Contans WG reduces/controls soil infestations of Sc/erotinia sclerotiorum and Sc/erolinia minor. • Contans WG is a useful tool in a managing fungicide resistance. • See your Contans WG distributor for tank mix compatibility. 2 ( ( S-/IO MIXING DIRECTIONS: Determine the volume of water needed to provide thorough coverage of the soil in the treatment area. The amount of water needed will depend on the weather, spray equipment and local experience. Partially fill the spray tank with clean water and begin agitation. Add the specified amount of Contans WG to the tank (consult application directions below). Finish filling the tank to the desired volume that provides maximum coverage. Maintain agitation throughout spray application. Do not allow spray mixture to stand overnight or for prolonged periods. APPLICATION INFORMATION • When applied correctlY,Contans WG will reduce inoculum loads of Sclerotinia sclerotia and hyphae in the soil and on crop residues. • Apply Contans WG to the soil prior to planting, or at planting, or after crop emergence, or at time of transplant, or postharvest. • Apply ContansWG prior to disease infection to obtain optimal efficacy. • Use higher application rates when the weather conditions are expected to be conducive for disease development, if the field has a history of disease development, if disease pressure is high, if Sclerotinia minor is present, or if minimumllow/no-till programs are in place. • Apply Contans WG directly to the soil
Recommended publications
  • Sclerotinia Diseases of Crop Plants: Biology, Ecology and Disease Management G
    Sclerotinia Diseases of Crop Plants: Biology, Ecology and Disease Management G. S. Saharan • Naresh Mehta Sclerotinia Diseases of Crop Plants: Biology, Ecology and Disease Management Dr. G. S. Saharan Dr. Naresh Mehta CCS Haryana Agricultural University CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, Haryana, India Hisar, Haryana, India ISBN 978-1-4020-8407-2 e-ISBN 978-1-4020-8408-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008924858 © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com Foreword The fungus Sclerotinia has always been a fancy and interesting subject of research both for the mycologists and pathologists. More than 250 species of the fungus have been reported in different host plants all over the world that cause heavy economic losses. It was a challenge to discover weak links in the disease cycle to manage Sclerotinia diseases of large number of crops. For researchers and stu- dents, it has been a matter of concern, how to access voluminous literature on Sclerotinia scattered in different journals, reviews, proceedings of symposia, workshops, books, abstracts etc. to get a comprehensive picture. With the publi- cation of book on ‘Sclerotinia’, it has now become quite clear that now only three species of Sclerotinia viz., S.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Control of Sclerotinia Stem Rot of Soybean with Sporidesmium Sclerotivorum Luis Enrique Del Rió Mendoza Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1999 Biological control of Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean with Sporidesmium sclerotivorum Luis Enrique del Rió Mendoza Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Agricultural Science Commons, Agriculture Commons, Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, and the Plant Pathology Commons Recommended Citation del Rió Mendoza, Luis Enrique, "Biological control of Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean with Sporidesmium sclerotivorum " (1999). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 12658. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/12658 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Potential Interaction with Host and Pathogen and Development of a Multiplex Pcr for Sclerotinia Species
    WATER POTENTIAL INTERACTION WITH HOST AND PATHOGEN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTIPLEX PCR FOR SCLEROTINIA SPECIES By AHMED ABD-ELMAGID Bachelor of Science in Agriculture Assiut University Assiut, Egypt 1999 Master of Science in Plant Pathology Assiut University Assiut, Egypt 2003 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY July, 2012 WATER POTENTIAL INTERACTION WITH HOST AND PATHOGEN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTIPLEX PCR FOR SCLEROTINIA SPECIES Dissertation Approved: Dr. Hassan Melouk Dissertation Adviser Dr. Robert Hunger Dr. Carla Garzon Dr. Mark Payton Outside Committee Member Dr. Sheryl A. Tucker Dean of the Graduate College . ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE ............................................1 Water, fungi and plants ............................................................................................1 Sclerotinia blight of peanut ......................................................................................5 Sclerotinia minor .....................................................................................................6 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ...........................................................................................7 Impact of water potential on S. minor and S. sclerotiorum .....................................7 Tan spot of wheat .....................................................................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • Shifts in Diversification Rates and Host Jump Frequencies Shaped the Diversity of Host Range Among Sclerotiniaceae Fungal Plant Pathogens
    Original citation: Navaud, Olivier, Barbacci, Adelin, Taylor, Andrew, Clarkson, John P. and Raffaele, Sylvain (2018) Shifts in diversification rates and host jump frequencies shaped the diversity of host range among Sclerotiniaceae fungal plant pathogens. Molecular Ecology . doi:10.1111/mec.14523 Permanent WRAP URL: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/100464 Copyright and reuse: The Warwick Research Archive Portal (WRAP) makes this work of researchers of the University of Warwick available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0) and may be reused according to the conditions of the license. For more details see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ A note on versions: The version presented in WRAP is the published version, or, version of record, and may be cited as it appears here. For more information, please contact the WRAP Team at: [email protected] warwick.ac.uk/lib-publications Received: 30 May 2017 | Revised: 26 January 2018 | Accepted: 29 January 2018 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14523 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Shifts in diversification rates and host jump frequencies shaped the diversity of host range among Sclerotiniaceae fungal plant pathogens Olivier Navaud1 | Adelin Barbacci1 | Andrew Taylor2 | John P. Clarkson2 | Sylvain Raffaele1 1LIPM, Universite de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France Abstract 2Warwick Crop Centre, School of Life The range of hosts that a parasite can infect in nature is a trait determined by its Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, own evolutionary history and that of its potential hosts. However, knowledge on UK host range diversity and evolution at the family level is often lacking.
    [Show full text]
  • Eukaryotic Plant Pathogen Detection Through High Throughput Dna/Rna Sequencing Data Analysis
    EUKARYOTIC PLANT PATHOGEN DETECTION THROUGH HIGH THROUGHPUT DNA/RNA SEQUENCING DATA ANALYSIS By ANDRES S. ESPINDOLA Bachelor of Science in Biotechnology Engineering Escuela Politécnica del Ejército Quito, Ecuador 2009 Master of Science in Entomology and Plant Pathology Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 2013 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December, 2016 EUKARYOTIC PLANT PATHOGEN DETECTION THROUGH HIGH THROUGHPUT DNA/RNA SEQUENCING DATA ANALYSIS Thesis Approved: Dr. Carla Garzon Thesis Adviser Dr. William Schneider Dr. Stephen Marek Dr. Hassan Melouk ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all the people who made possible the completion of my thesis research. Most importantly to my advisor Dr. Carla Garzon for her continuous support, guidance and motivation. She was a great support throughout my PhD. research and thesis writing. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the members of my advisory committee: Dr. William Schneider, Dr. Stephen Maren and Dr. Hassan Melouk, for their guidance, insightful comments and encouragement. I want to thank the Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology at Oklahoma State University for keeping an excellent environment for the students and professors. This is a great advantage that has helped me to succeed on my research and thesis writing. Thanks to my fellow lab-mates for keeping a competitive and at the same time very friendly environment full of enriching discussions and productive working hours. I would like to thank my wife Patricia Acurio, who has been extremely helpful throughout my PhD., her support, patience, love and encouragement were crucial to succeed completing my degree.
    [Show full text]
  • Overwinter Survival of Sclerotium Rolfsii and S. Rolfsii Var. Delphinii, Screening Hosta for Resistance to S. Rolfsii Var. Delph
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2008 Overwinter survival of Sclerotium rolfsii and S. rolfsii var. delphinii, screening hosta for resistance to S. rolfsii var. delphinii, and phylogenetic relationships among Sclerotium species Zhihan Xu Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Plant Pathology Commons Recommended Citation Xu, Zhihan, "Overwinter survival of Sclerotium rolfsii and S. rolfsii var. delphinii, screening hosta for resistance to S. rolfsii var. delphinii, and phylogenetic relationships among Sclerotium species" (2008). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 10366. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10366 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Overwinter survival of Sclerotium rolfsii and S. rolfsii var. delphinii, screening hosta for resistance to S. rolfsii var. delphinii, and phylogenetic relationships among Sclerotium species by Zhihan Xu A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Plant Pathology Program of Study Committee: Mark L. Gleason, Major Professor Philip M. Dixon Richard J. Gladon Larry J. Halverson Thomas C. Harrington X.B. Yang Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2008 Copyright © Zhihan Xu, 2008. All rights reserved. ii This dissertation is dedicated to my family. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT v CHAPTER 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Sclerotinia Minor
    Nov 18Pathogen of the month – Nov 2018 a b c d e f Fig. (a) Sclerotinia minor isolated from diseased lettuce on Corn Meal Agar (CMA) plate; (b) sclerotia with hyphae; (c) and (d) microconidia stained with calcofluor white under fluorescence and bright field microscopy respectively; (e) multinucleated vegetative hyphae stained with DAPI and; (f) brown soft decay with white mycelium on an ‘Iceberg’ lettuce. Scale bars represent in (b) 500 mm; (c) and (d) 20 mm and (e) 10 mm respectively. Fig. (f) kindly donated by Prof Ian Porter. Common Name: Sclerotinia minor Disease: Lettuce drop/ Sclerotinia Classification: K: Fungi P: Ascomycota C: Leotiomycetes O: Heliotiales F: Sclerotiniaceae Lettuce drop caused by the strictly soil borne pathogen, Sclerotinia minor, infects lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) worldwide. It infects by mycelium from germinating sclerotia found near the base of the plant. It has the ability to cause disease in other crop plants such as tomatoes, soybeans and carrots. The closely related species, S. sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary can cause the same symptoms in lettuce. (Jagger) Biology and Ecology: Distribution: Primary hyphae are 9-18 mm in diameter and contain Lettuce drop occurs worldwide. Since 1896, S. minor dense granular contents. Hyphae are multinucleated has been known in Australia. It is problematic in and vary from two to more than a hundred per cell. southern cooler regions. Cool and wet weather favours About 90 % of the life cycle of Sclerotinia spp. is spent disease development. as black reproductive survival structures, sclerotia. In S. minor, they are 0.5-2 mm in diameter and irregular to Host Range: roughly spherical in shape compared to S.
    [Show full text]
  • (Arachis Hypogaea L.). (Under the Direction of Dr
    Abstract Smith, Damon Lee. Biology and Epidemiology of Sclerotinia minor on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). (Under the direction of Dr. Barbara Shew) Sclerotinia blight caused by the fungus Sclerotinia minor is a serious disease of cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in North Carolina. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to gain a better understanding of how environment affects sclerotial germination, mycelial growth, and plant infection in soil. Furthermore, quantitative relationships between disease incidence, severity, environmental factors, and yield loss were examined in order to improve disease forecasting systems in North Carolina. Laboratory and field experiments also were conducted to gain a better understanding of the biology of both the host and fungus. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the relative importance of tissue resistance vs. plant architecture in high- performing cultivars. In the laboratory, soil matric potential (ΨM) and temperature effects were measured for germination of sclerotia, mycelial expansion, and lesion expansion on detached leaflets. Temperature effect on the production of oxalic acid by mycelium of S. minor was also examined. Maximum sclerotial germination occurred at a ΨM of –7.2 kPa and a temperature of 30 C. Rate of mycelial expansion and lesion development and expansion on detached leaflets were maximal at temperatures of 18-22 C. Lesions on detached leaflets developed slowly at temperatures above 26 C, and failed to develop at temperatures of 29 C or greater. Lesions formed if inoculated leaflets were moved from 29 C to a cooler temperature of 18 or 22 C. Oxalic acid production at temperatures above 29 C was negligible. In the field, incidence of Sclerotinia blight was measured at three sites in 2002 and 2003.
    [Show full text]
  • Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum Impacts on Host Crops
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Creative Components Dissertations Summer 2019 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum impacts on host crops Abby Ficker Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/creativecomponents Part of the Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Ficker, Abby, "Sclerotinia sclerotiorum impacts on host crops" (2019). Creative Components. 307. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/creativecomponents/307 This Creative Component is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Creative Components by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum impacts on host crops by Abby L. Ficker A creative component submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Agronomy Program of Study Committee: Allan J. Ciha, Major Professor Allen D. Knapp Mark Westgate Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2019 Copyright © Abby L. Ficker, 2019. All rights reserved. DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my parents, Dan and Dawn Sawatzke, and my husband, Brad Ficker. Without your support, sacrifices, and encouragement throughout my academic career, and beyond, I would not have been able to achieve my goal of obtaining my Master of Science degree in Agronomy. I hope to always make you as proud of me as I am of
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Control of Botrytis Gray Mould and Sclerotinia Drop in Lettuce
    Comm. Appl. Biol. Sci, Ghent University, 70/3, 2005 157 BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF BOTRYTIS GRAY MOULD AND SCLEROTINIA DROP IN LETTUCE F. FIUME & G. FIUME Sezione di Biologia, Fisiologia e Difesa - Istituto Sperimentale per l’Orticoltura (C.R.A.) Via Cavalleggeri 25, I-84098 Pontecagnano (Salerno), Italy ABSTRACT Research was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the biological control of two most important fungal diseases of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.): 1) Botrytis Gray Mould caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.; 2) Sclerotinia Drop caused by two pathogenic fungi, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary and/or Sclerotinia minor Jagger. Biological control in lettuce was carried out: 1) using Coniothyrium minitans Campbell, an an- tagonist fungus that attacks and destroys sclerotia within the soil; 2) identifying let- tuce genotypes showing less susceptibility or tolerance. The object of this research was to find control strategies to reduce chemical treatments. The use of resistant varieties is one of the most economical ways to control vegeTable diseases. The lettuce genotypes showing in preliminary trials the best behaviour to the sclerotial diseases were compared in a randomized complete block experiment design and repli- cated four times. Observations were carried out from February up to April registering the number of diseased plants and yield. The pathogens were isolated on PDA medium and identified. The isolates grown onto PDA plates, after incubation for 6 weeks, al- lowed obtaining sclerotia that were the target of C. minitans in biological control trials. In laboratory, in controlled conditions, 27 small plots (30 cm in diameter each) with disinfected soil were performed.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Sensitivity of Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum Isolates from North Central Us to Thiophanate-Methyl and Metconazole
    CHARACTERIZATION OF SENSITIVITY OF SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM ISOLATES FROM NORTH CENTRAL US TO THIOPHANATE-METHYL AND METCONAZOLE A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the North Dakota State University of Agriculture and Applied Science By Gazala Ameen In Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major Department: Plant Pathology May 2013 Fargo, North Dakota North Dakota State University Graduate School Title CHARACTERIZATION OF SENSITIVITY OF SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM ISOLATES FROM NORTH CENTRAL US TO THIOPHANATE-METHYL AND METCONAZOLE By Gazala Ameen The Supervisory Committee certifies that this disquisition complies with North Dakota State University’s regulations and meets the accepted standards for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE: Dr. Luis E. del Rio-Mendoza Chair Dr. Berlin D. Nelson Dr. Mohamed F. R. Khan Dr. Juan M. Osorno Approved: 05-28-2013 Dr. Jack B. Rasmussen Date Department Chair ABSTRACT Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary causes Sclerotinia stem rot on canola and many other crops of economic importance in the U.S. SSR is primarily controlled with fungicides applied at flowering time. Most fungicides currently used to control SSR can promote resistance buildup in their target populations making monitoring of sensitivity important. In this study the reaction of S. sclerotiorum to thiophanate-methyl (TM) and metconazole (MTZ) was characterized. Samples collected in several states of north central U.S. were used. Three and ten isolates were considered to be moderately insensitive to TM and MTZ, respectively. Greenhouse trials indicated, however, that diseases caused by these isolates could be effectively controlled using currently recommended doses of each compound.
    [Show full text]
  • Shifts in Diversification Rates and Host Jump Frequencies Shaped the Diversity of Host Range Among Sclerotiniaceae Fungal Plant Pathogens
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Warwick Research Archives Portal Repository Original citation: Navaud, Olivier, Barbacci, Adelin, Taylor, Andrew, Clarkson, John P. and Raffaele, Sylvain (2018) Shifts in diversification rates and host jump frequencies shaped the diversity of host range among Sclerotiniaceae fungal plant pathogens. Molecular Ecology . doi:10.1111/mec.14523 Permanent WRAP URL: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/100464 Copyright and reuse: The Warwick Research Archive Portal (WRAP) makes this work of researchers of the University of Warwick available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0) and may be reused according to the conditions of the license. For more details see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ A note on versions: The version presented in WRAP is the published version, or, version of record, and may be cited as it appears here. For more information, please contact the WRAP Team at: [email protected] warwick.ac.uk/lib-publications Received: 30 May 2017 | Revised: 26 January 2018 | Accepted: 29 January 2018 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14523 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Shifts in diversification rates and host jump frequencies shaped the diversity of host range among Sclerotiniaceae fungal plant pathogens Olivier Navaud1 | Adelin Barbacci1 | Andrew Taylor2 | John P. Clarkson2 | Sylvain Raffaele1 1LIPM, Universite de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France Abstract 2Warwick Crop Centre, School of Life The range of hosts that a parasite can infect in nature is a trait determined by its Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, own evolutionary history and that of its potential hosts.
    [Show full text]