$3 Volume 21, Issue 3 mini'apples newsletter the minnesota apple computer users' group, inc.
Board of Directors Macintosh Main Quicken/Investment SIG 3 mini'app'les members welcome. 12 era Washburn Library 2850 Metro Drive, Rm 124 Byerly's 5244 Lyndale Avenue S.. Mpls Bloomington 7171 France Ave. S., Edina "ALPS Printers" Dale Strand, 835-5872 Eric Jacobson, 603-9111 Denis Diekhoff. 920-2437 ClarisWorks SIG" DRAGnet Macintosh Novice SIG Bethesda Lutheran Care Center 840 12th Avenue NE Merriam Park Library River Heights Campus "Help test/sort equipment 1831 Marshall Avenue, St. Paul 724 - 19th Ave N, South St Paul (Mac/Apple II)" Tom Lufkin, 698-6523 John Hunkins, Jr., 457-8949 Tom Gates, 789-6981 Telecommunications SIG Fourth Dimension SIG Mac Programmers SIG 5 * & Epiphany Lutheran Church 16 8200 Humbolt Ave South Van Cleve Park Building 1414 East 48th Street S, Mpls 2nd Fir. Conference Rm. Blmgtn 901 15th Avenue SE, Mpls "Just Cruising" £3 Bob Demeules, 559-1124 Gervaise Kimm, 379-1836 Bert Persson, 861-9578 Apple ll/GS Main Apple II Novice SIG Filemaker Pro SIG Augsburg Park Library, 17 f\—N Ramsey County Library Partners <* 7100 Nicollet Ave., Richfield 2180 Hamline Ave, Bloomington 1410 Energy Park Drive #5 Tom Gates, 789-6981 Ui Tom Gates, 789-6981 St Paul SteveWilmes, 458-1513 Newton/eMate SIG Photoshop DRAGnet 10 rt^ University Club . Southdale Library 840 12th Avenue NE 420 Summit Ave, St. Paul 7001 York Ave South, Edina "Help test/sort equipment Jennifer Hunt, 623-4754 Denis Diekhoff, 920-2437 (Mac/Apple II)" [email protected] i Tom Gates, 789-6981 Microsoft Word SIG Macintosh Consultants SIG ** See page 6 for detailed 2850 Metro Drive Rm 124, Blmgtn 19 Box Suite directions to ClarisWorks SIG "Tom Moen: Word & Office Suite" |;r | Louisiana Ave & Cedar Lake Rd Tom Ostertag St. Louis Park D 951-5520 E 488-9979 Bob Demeules, 559-1124 mini'apples /<*% The Minnesota Apple Computer Users' Group, Inc. P.O. Box 796, Hopkins, MN 55343
Board of Directors: Introduction - This is the Newsletter of mini'app'les, the Minnesota Apple Computer Users' Group, Inc., a President Eric Jacobson Minnesota non-profit club. The whole newsletter is (612)603-9111 copyrighted © by mini'app'les. Articles may be repro [email protected] duced in other non-profit User Groups' publications Vice President Owen Strand except where specifically copyrighted by the author. (612)427-2868 (Permission to reproduce these articles must be given by [email protected] the author.) Please include the source when reprinting. Secretary Georgi Bantz (612)-835-3696 Questions - Please direct questions to an appropriate [email protected] board member. Users with technical questions should refer to the Members Helping Members section. Treasurer Ardie Predweshny (612)823-5111 Dealers - mini'app'les does not endorse specific [email protected] dealers. The club promotes distribution of information Erik L. Knopp which may help members identify best buys and ser Membership Director vice. The club itself does not participate in bulk pur Operations & Denis Diekhoff chases of media, software, hardware and publications. Resource Director (612)920-2437 Members may organize such activities on behalf of Publications Director John Hunkins, Sr other members. 612-457-8949 [email protected] Advertisers - For information, see Newsletter Ad Rates box within this issue. Software Director Bruce Thompson (612)546-1088 Newsletter Contributions - Please send contributions [email protected] directly to our Post Office, Box 796, Hopkins, MN SIGs: Mac Bert Persson 55343 or upload them to our BBS at 824-4394. (612)861-9578 Deadline for material for the next newsletter is the 1 st [email protected] of the month. An article will be printed when space SIGs: Apple II Keary Olson permits and, if in the opinion of the Newsletter Editor (612)724-0031 or Manager, it constitutes material suitable for Past President Bob Demeules publication. (612)559-1124 Editor/Publisher: Tom Ostertag 488-9979 [email protected] Newsletter Layout: John Hunkins mini'app'les BBS -824-4394, 24 hrs. Settings: 8-1-0. Call in with FirstClass® Client software or any text- based terminal program. mini'app'les Voice Mail - 229-6952 mini'app'les WWW site: http://www.miniapples.org Printed by Stout Typographical Society
The mini'app'les Newsletter is an independent publication not affiliated, sponsored, or sanctioned by Apple Computer, Inc. or any other computer manufacturer. The opinions, statements, positions, and views herein are those of the author(s) or editor and are not intended to represent the opinions, statements, positions, or views of Apple Computer Inc., or any other computer manufacturer. Instead of placing a trademark symbol at every occurrence of a trade-marked name, we state that we are using the names only in an editorial manner, to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark.
mini'app'les Newsletter March, 1998 FOR RENT: BRILLIANT Table of Contents PRESENTATIONS Microsoft Word SIG Meeting 5 r Proxima On Call*" Macintoch Main Meeting 5 Rental Program. For the Multimedia March Telecommunications Meeting 5 Projector You Need. When You Need It. • Local service and Unusual Location for the March 4 ClarisWorks SIG 6 support • Fast delivery P a m W o r k s W i t h C l a r i s W o r k s 6 • PC and Macintosh compatibility • A variety of projectors Errors Errors Everywhere, But What Does It Mean? 7 and panels to choose from 1 Expert advice M a c O S 8 . 1 D e l i v e r s U n d e r t h e H o o d 1 3 on selecting equipment All About Macintosh Extended Format (HFS Plus) 14 ■Rental credit program
For mora Information raqarding: Apple: The Inside Story of Intrigue, Egomania, and Business Blunders 17 Computer Projection Systems— What was happening in the Mini'app'les Newsletter 18 LCD, Data or Video Projectors Complete Conference and Training Rooms Printers • Labeling • Signage Systems WebRamp 18 All A/V Equipment—Sales • Service • Rentals PLEASE CALL G o o d d e a l s # 5 1 1 9 ♦♦^XlERREy_BROTHERS INC 3300 University Ave. S.E. Bylaws of Minnesota Apple Computer Users' Group, Inc. (Proposed) 21 Minneapolis, MN 55414-9852 .^jTvj 612-331-5500 •1-800-933-7337 Not for the mathematically challenged: 23 J f c V * ( A s k t o r E x t e n s i o n 2 5 4 ) r CHANGE OF ADDRESS Volunteer Opportunities Moving? Going to be away from home and leaving a for warding address with the Post Computer Testing Office? Please send us a Come join mini'app'les mem Help Test Apple II equipment Change of Address when you bers for some excellent volunteer DragNet are informing others. By using opportunities. This is your chance 840 12th Ave NE, Minneapolis a moment of your time and a to show us your computer knowl March, 14th & 28th few cents to drop us a card, edge and to help others along the Contact: Tom Gates, 789-6981 you save the club some money way. and you get your newsletter delivered promptly to your new address. If you don't inform us, the Post Office puts your newsletter in the trash Cactus Software & (they don't forward third class Communications, Inc. mail) and charges the club for informing us of your new "Sharp and to the point" address. Change of Address should be sent to the club's Documentation Services for: mailing address: mini'app'les, Computer Software Technical Manuals Attn: Membership Director, Mechanical Systems Training Courses Box 796, Hopkins, MN 55343. 612/757-6916 Fax 757-4515
mini'app'les Newsletter March, 1998 Need Help? Have a question the manual Members doesn't answer? Members Helping Members is a group of-volunteers who have generously agreed to help. They are just a phone call (or e-mail) away. Helping Please call only during appropriate times, if you are a Member, and own the Members software in question.
Macintosh Key If you would like to be a "Members Helping Members" volunteer, please e-mail John Hunkins Sr. with your name & phone number on our BBS, or leave a voice- C l a r i s D r a w 3 mail message at 229-6952, or use the MultiForm mailer near the back of this C l a r i s R e s o l v e 2 issue. C l a r i s W o r k s 2 , 8 , 9 , 1 0 Cross-Platform File Trnsfr 6 FileMaker Pro 2 First Class 2 Applell Key ApplelIGS Key MacWrite Pro 2 Microsoft Excel 3,6,7 Appleworks 1,6,9 HyperCard GS 1 Microsoft Word 6 Applewriter 6 Smartmonev GS 1 MYOB 7 Publish It! 1 Photoshop 4 To. Superfonts 1 Quicken 3 To. Superform 1 System 7 9 Word Perfect 5 New Users 11
1. Les Anderson 735-3953 DEW 2. Brian Bantz 956-9814 DEW 3. Mike Carlson 1-218-387-2257 I) D-days (generally 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.) 4. Erie Jacobson 645-6264 D E-evenings (generally 5 p.m. to 9 p.m.) W-weekends (generally I p.m. to 9 p.m.) 5. Nick Ludwig 593-7410 DEW In any case, call at reasonable hours and ask 6. Tom Ostertag 488-9979 EW if this is a convenient time for them. By the 7. Ardie Predweshny 823-5111 D way, these volunteers can also be reached 8. Owen Strand 427-2868 1) on our BBS! We appreciate your cooperation. 9. Bruce Thompson 546-1088 EW 10. Pam Lienke 457-6026 EW 11. Tom Lufkin 698-6523 EW
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1/12 page 2.25" Width x 2.5" Height $5 Outside back cover . 7-1/2" Width x 7-1/2" Height . . $50 1/6 page 2.5" Width x 5" Height $10 Inside back cover .... 7-1/2" Width x 10" Height ... $60 1/3 page.... 2.5" Width x 10" Height Vert or 5.5 H.. $20 A„ ads must be prepaid and submitted on 1/2 page 7.5" Width x 5" Height (save 5%) $30 electronic media. Ads of $20 and under must run for 2/3 page 5" Width x 10" Height (save 7%).... $40 a minimum of three months. n« ,1M,I1PA, m-u-iw nK()/i mini'app'les Newsletter March, 1998 Microsoft Word SIG Meeting 11 February 1998 Submitted by Tom Ostertag such as leaves etc. There was a quickly answered The Word SIG meeting started off Curt also fielded the next ques (** question about transferring Word with a demonstration of the Freecell tion about how to automate a letter documents from a Mac SE/30 to a program that is included in the salutation with construction of a 9500. The entire answer was copy Windows 98 Beta version. template and an inclusion in the the files from the SE to the 9500. Interesting game, but I havenOt won auto spell correct function. He also Word will recognize the files without a game yet... tried it twice. The only showed how auto spell correct could any problems. announcement was about Midwinter be used to include boilerplate in doc The last question had to do with Madness. uments. upgrade installations and the ability With all that out of the way, we Another question had to do with to have several versions of Word on moved on to questions and answers. inclusion of foreign language charac the PC at one time. Apparently it can The first question dealt with Word ters in documents. Several approach be done, but there are some quirks Art and a short demonstration of its es were discussed including another and is not recommended. capabilities. As Curt Trout said OltOs function within Word that allowed In March, Tom Moen will be at free and worth every penny of it.O the use of the extended character the meeting to do a demonstration Actually it is a useful utility and IOve keys and a simple method of using of Office 98 on the Mac. He will used it a number of times to do some control keys to modify the typed let spend about 45 minutes on Word weird signs. ter following the control key. and then 15 minutes or so on the We next handled a question We did get involved in a serious Office integration aspects. Should be about wrapping text around frames discussion of the millennium 2000 a worthwhile meeting...See you all and objects. Word 97 does a nice job bug. Interesting perspective on a there. of it... even jagged edged images increasingly politically loaded topic. Macintosh Main Meeting Submitted by Eric Jacobson waterproof and smear-proof. We have identified your member The following letter was sent to Additionally, our printers are capable ship as an important User's Group in us by Alps Electric, a manufacturer of of printing metallic inks for special the Macintosh environment. We various perhipeals for the Macintosh. occasions such as the Holidays or would to visit one of your meetings They will be our guest for the Main birthdays. One of our printers, the and introduce our company and Mac Meeting on March 12th. MD-4000, has a fully integrated 24- products to your members. As a bit color scanner! "thank you", Alps will sponsor a "Dear Meeting Coordinator: By way of introduction, Alps is a drawing during which we will give We would like to visit your User's $4.5 billion company with world away one of our printers or some of Group! wide distribution of its products. our Macintosh peripherals." Alps Electric is the manufacturer Alps is also active in the automotive of a line of color-printers for the and component businesses here in Macintosh. You may have seen our the United States. Our US headquar advertisements or heard of our ters are in San Jose California. You unique products. Our products are can find our more about our compa unique because our full-color print ny and products by visiting our web ing uses inks that are fade-proof, page at www.alpsusa.com. ]\4H(£?mPutinS Macintosh™ Consulting March Telecommunications Meeting Individual & Group Training by Bert H. Persson please feel free to ask questions on Computer Problem Assistance Just erasing anything concerning getting on the Mike Carlson Net or hardware problems that you With the comming of spring we (218) 387-2257 (Grand Marais, MN) may have. Wide Range Pager: 612 580-9281 will once again fire up our modems March 5th, 7PM Internet: [email protected] at the March Telecommunications Epiphany Lutheran Church (7 Claris® #^ meeting and cruise down the P.M.), 1414 E 48th St South, Solutions Alliance Information Highway. Since there is Minneapolis. Member no specific topic for this meeting mini'app'les Newsletter March, 1998 HACe&x&tfei V New and Used Macintosh Equipment From Hardcore Mac People! Printers Black and whites, Mac II's uPowerbooks Modems and Accessories Quadras, Power Macs Macamania USA Hours: Monday-Friday 8036 Minnetonka Blvd 10am-9pm Saturday 10-6 St. Louis Park, MN 55426 Closed Sundays 945-9800 www.macamania.com •Buy -Sell -Trade -Repair -Consulting -On-site service Unusual Location for the March 4 ClarisWorks SIG The March 4 ClarisWorks SIG will Main Entrance - the Receptionist will From South I-35E or 1-94, take be held at 7pm in the Community give directions to the Community South Hwy 52 - Lafayette Bridge. Room of Bethesda Lutheran Care Room. Proceed to the Thompson - Center River Heights Campus (for Wentworth exit. Turn left, East, DIRECTIONS merly known as Divine Redeemer onto Thompson. Proceed east past Hospital), 724 - 19th Avenue N (NE From 1-494, take North Hwy 52. 19th Avenue (a four-way stop), the corner of Thompson and 19th Ave) Exit at Wentworth - Thompson. facility will be on your left., parking in South St Paul. Proceed across Wentworth to on the east side of the building. Easy access from Hwy 52 (former Thompson. Turn right, East, onto Note: The exit from South I-35E ly known as Hwy 3), the Lafayette Thompson. Proceed east past 19th is a left exit. Move into the left lane Freeway. Six blocks east on Avenue (a four-way stop), the facility when south of Maryland. You have Thompson. Parking on the east side will be on your left, parking on the been warned. of the building. Please enter via the east side of the building. Pam Works With ClarisWorks \ by Pam Lienke the end of a line and ClarisWorks mally do not turn on auto-hyphen In the past I have wraps that word to the beginning of ation because it tends to insert too described how to insert the next line, a big gap (lots of white many hyphens and make the page soft returns and sticky space) is left at the end of the previ harder to read. If a document con spaces. This month I'll ous line; breaking the word into two tains a long word that, when moved describe soft (discretionary) parts with a well-placed hyphen to the next line, leaves too much hyphens—hyphens that show up improves the look of the document. space at the end of the previous line, only when you need them. When a ClarisWorks can be asked to hyphen I use one or more soft hyphens to document contains a long word at ate words automatically, but I nor improve the look. I place the inser- mini'app'les Newsletter March, 1998 tion point at each place in the word hyphens between the "n" and the hyphen there does not improve where a hyphen may be needed "a," and between the "a" and the readability. Now, as I continue to (between syllables) and press "t"; I do not put a soft hyphen work on my text, a hyphen appears Command-hyphen. For example, between the "y" and the "p" because only if it is needed and where it is ^ with "hyphenation" I place soft the syllable is too short and a needed. Errors Errors Everywhere, But What Does It Mean? Submitted by Bert Persson ID=02 Address Error 68000 instruction tests for an over All of us have at one time or The Motorola 68000 micro flow condition, and displays this another had the experience that our processor can access memory in error if it detects an overflow. computer crashes for no apparent increments of one byte (8 bits), one reason. When this happens we usu word (16 bits), or one long word (32 ID=07 Privilege Violation ally get an error message displayed bits). The microprocessor can access The Motorola 68000 runs in on our screen unless the machine a byte of information at an odd or Supervisor or User mode. The has completely froze up and nothing even memory address. But it must Macintosh should always be in works. Since most of us use our com access a word or long word at an Supervisor mode, but sometimes is puters as a tool to perform our daily even memory address. So, when the placed in User mode. Some of the tasks we may not always be interest microprocessor attempts to read or instructions can only be executed in ed in the intricacies that make our write a word or long word at an odd Supervisor mode. If the computer machine do what it is supposed to address, you see this error. Since attempts one of these instructions do. that's a 50/50 proposition when run while in User mode, a Privilege However, when there is an error ning random code, this one shows Violation error results. message displayed one often won up quite often. ders what it means. Therefore, the ID=08 Trace Mode Error ID=03 Illegal Instruction purpose of this article is not to go A programmer can use a runtime into detail about all the possible The computer has a specific debugger while in Trace mode. This errors that can occur, but to give an vocabulary of machine language allows tracing through a program overview of some errors that all of us instructions it can understand. If a one instruction at a time. You see has encountered at on time or computer tries to execute an instruc this error if a debugger isn't installed another. This material is compiled tion that isn't in its vocabulary, you and the 68000 is accidentally placed from the Apple Technical see this error code. It's less likely in Trace mode. Information Library (TIL), MacErrors than error 02, but still very common. v2.0 by Marty Wachter and other ID=09 and ID=10 Line 1010 & 1111, sources quoted within. ID=04 Zero Divide Error Trap Error Codes 1-30 This error results if the micro There are many routines in the processor divides two numbers, and Macintosh ROM that can be called ID=01 Bus Error the divisor is zero. Sometimes a pro by placing instructions in a program grammer puts these in as debugging that aren't in the 68000's vocabu This means the computer tried to aids, and then forgets to take them lary. When the 68000 encounters access memory that doesn't exist. out. such an instruction, it looks it up in You can get this error on almost any the instruction table. This table gives Macintosh. If one of these computers ID=05 Range Check Error the location of routines paired with tried to access one or more bytes Programmers can use an instruc each instruction. If it finds an entry beyond the total number of bytes in tion in the Motorola 68000 to check in the table for the instruction, it RAM, you see a bus error. You if a number is within a certain range. branches to the routine. If there's no should never see this error on a This error indicates that the number entry for the instruction, you see one Macintosh Plus or SE, because tested isn't in the specified range. of these errors. address references that are out of bounds "roll over". This means if ID=06 Overflow Error ID=11 Miscellaneous Hardware one of these computers tries to Each number stored in a comput Exception Error Power Macintosh: Meaning of Error access one byte beyond the total er is given a certain amount of space. Type 11 (7/96) bytes in RAM, it actually accesses the The larger the number, the more Article Created: 8 August 1994 first byte in memory. If you see this space is needed to represent the Article Reviewed/Updated: 02 July error on a Macintosh Plus or SE, it's number. An overflow condition 1996 reporting the wrong error or having results if a generated number is too TOPIC hardware problems. big for its allotted space. A Motorola I get an error Type 11 on my mini'app'les Newsletter March, 1998 Power Macintosh computer when a Fonts folder to another folder. If you Literature). The Apple Fax center is available free of charge 24 hours a day, program crashes. I never got this still have problems, follow Step 4. 7 days a week. error on my 68k based Macintosh Article Change History: computers. Is this a new error for the Step 4 02 Jul 1996 - Added Fax Doc word Power Macintosh? Perform a clean installation of 28 May 1996 - Added article to fax. the system software, then test the 04 Jan 1996 - Removed keyword. DISCUSSION system performance for a few days. If 04 Dec 1995 - Added new keyword. A Type 11 error is listed as a hard the problems continue, particularly Copyright 1994-96, Apple Computer, Inc. ware exception error. However, As in the Finder, there may be an issue with all Macintosh Type xx errors, with your Apple or non-Apple hard This information is from the they usually do not identify a partic ware. Apple Technical Information ular software or hardware compo Library. nent error. Type xx errors are more Step 5 ArticlelD: TECHINF0-0016004 Disconnect any external or inter 19960724 15:55:27.00 general in nature. You may see more Power Macintosh: Type 11 & No FPU Type 11 errors on a Power Macintosh nal SCSI devices that have been may added (or exchanged for the original Errors Technote (7/96) computer because of problems with Article Created: 10 November 1995 the software-based 68k emulator. Apple hardware) and continue test Article Reviewed/Updated: 02 July The emulator allows the RISC proces ing. Since SCSI device drivers load 1996 sor to run older Macintosh software. into memory when the Macintosh is TOPIC If the emulator gets corrupted while turned on, they can generate con This Technote explains some of loading into RAM, then some of the flicts similar to extension conflicts. If the causes of "Type 11" and "No FPU failures caused by this are reported as you are using a non-Apple format Installed" errors, along with debug Type 11 or Hardware Exception ting utility, contact the vendor of ging hints to help you find and fix errors. The emulator can get corrupt the utility for compatibility informa them. It also focuses on what you as ed by either incompatible software tion. Removing internal SCSI devices a programmer can do to prevent or faulty hardware. is best performed by an Apple-autho such errors. rized service provider. Troubleshooting Type 11 Errors DISCUSSION When troubleshooting Type 11 Step 6 Both Type 11 and No FPU errors, always eliminate software Remove any extra third-party Installed errors occur on Power problems first, then check the hard RAM and test. This is best performed Macintosh computers, depending on ware. To troubleshoot the problem, by an Apple-authorized service various factors. Both error messages follow these steps: provider. Also verify that you are not are the result of programming errors. using composite RAM. The No FPU Installed error usually Stepl means that your program is execut Step 7 Upgrade your hard disk drivers ing data rather than instructions. and system software to the latest ver Remove Level 2 Cache RAM, if The Type 11 error is any error (such sions available. present, and test. If you continue to as a bus error) in native code. NOTE: get Type 11 errors using a clean ver In this Technote, I will occasionally Step 2 sion of the system software without mention third-party products by Contact the software vendor for any third-party hardware attached name. If a third-party product is compatibility information if the (including internal or external SCSI mentioned by name, it's meant to be problem only occurs in one applica devices, additional RAM, or Level 2 a possible solution for you to investi tion, and you can reproduce it con cache RAM), you need to have your gate, not a recommendation. DTS sistently. computer serviced by an Apple- doesn't evaluate third-party tools, authorized service provider. nor maintain complete lists of possi Step 3 For additional information about ble third-party solutions. You should Turn off all extensions and con the cause of Type 11 errors, see Tech consult catalogs of development trol panels if the error occurs in an Info article, "Power Macintosh: Type tools such as: application that is fully compatible 11 & No FPU Errors Technote." • Macintosh Development Tools & with a Power Macintosh computer. This article is one of many available Languages Check the application again. If the through the Apple Fax center. For a • the Redgate Macintosh Registry complete list of available Fax docu problem goes away, then trou • the ubiquitous Internet bleshoot your extensions, control ments, search the Tech Info Library for Apple Fax Document Index or call the • the APDA catalog and panels or fonts. Large numbers of Apple Fax line at 1-800-505-0171 and fonts can cause similar errors, trou select document number 20000 (Apple • reviews in technical magazines to bleshoot by moving them from the Fax - Document Index - Product Support find a product that fits your needs. mini'app'les Newsletter 8 March, 1998 There are many Web sites on the with the hex value F. a cost-reduced version of the 68040 Internet for example, Apple's Third- Nine Instructions chip. Savings came about by remov Party Development Products ing the FPU portion of the chip. Not Database lists many Macintosh The Motorola 680x0 architecture only does a 68040LC chip have no development tools. Perhaps you may was originally designed to support a FPU, there is no way to add one. find an appropriate tool to meet floating- point coprocessor chip. The Power Macintosh your development needs in this way. This chip, the Floating Point Unit (FPU), communicates with the CPU Power Macintosh computers About "No FPU Installed" Errors via a special set of instructions called emulate a Motorola 68040LC, i.e., a On a Power Macintosh computer, F-line instructions. These instruc machine without FPU support. the error message No FPU Installed tions always start with an operation When you get a bomb with the mes usually means your code has jumped word beginning with the hex value sage No FPU installed, it means some to a non-code area and is executing F. instruction has been executed with garbage. Somewhere in that data A program can be compiled to an operation word starting with the (which is being interpreted as take advantage of the hardware assis hex value F, and that your program instructions) is an instruction whose tance the FPU provides, and thus is running on a machine without a op code begins with the hex value F. yield faster floating-point calcula FPU. This machine could be one of No FPU Installed is equivalent to a tions than would be available with the following: Type 10 Error i.e., your program has SANE (the Standard Apple Numerics • a Macintosh with a 68020 or attempted to execute an unknown Package). Such programs would have 68030 microprocessor and no FPU instruction op code starting with the instructions in the program which coprocessor hex value F. start with the hex value F. A program • a Macintosh with a 68040LC On a Power Macintosh, No FPU only using SANE would never have microprocessor (which can never Installed means that some program an instruction starting with the hex have a FPU) has jumped to an area of data and value F. • a Macintosh with a PowerPC chip has tried to execute any data word NOTE: Some Macintosh models, such as the Macintosh SE/30, the running 68K code in emulation starting with the hex value F. The (since the 68K emulator emulates a PowerPC chip has floating point sup Macintosh Ilci, and the Macintosh 68040LC microprocessor). port built in, but that floating-point Hfx, shipped with an FPU coproces support is different from the sor installed. Other 680x0-based Power Macintosh computers con Motorola 680x0 family floating Macintosh computers, such as the tain very fast floating-point support point support. The Motorola 680x0 Macintosh Ilsi and the Macintosh as part of the CPU. This floating family uses an external floating Color Classic, had an optional FPU point support is different from the point unit. (There are also external coprocessor. For these machines, it floating-point support provided by memory management units (MMUs) was possible to purchase an optional the Motorola 680x0 microprocessors. and other specialized coprocessors.) card with an FPU coprocessor. Inside Macintosh: PowerPC Motorola 680x0 CPUs use instruc Numerics, describes Power tions starting with hex value F as 68040 & 68040LC Microprocessors Macintosh floating-point support. instructions for these coprocessors. With the introduction of the 68040 and 68040LC chips, things Defining a Type U Error 680x0 Microprocessor Instructions got a bit more complicated. The A Type 11 error means an illegal All Motorola 680x0 microproces 68040 microprocessor has most of interrupt vector on a 680x0 sors have instructions consisting of the 68882 FPU included on the chip. machine. On a Power Macintosh, a at least one word (the operation Not everything in the 68881/68882 Type 11 error is any exception in word); some instructions can have FPU is in the 68040 chip, however native code not handled by one of up to eleven words (see the Motorola just the routines that Motorola deter the installed exception handlers. On MC68020 32-bit Microprocessor mined were most frequently used. a Power Macintosh, a Type 11 error User's Manual, Third edition, page 3- The rest of the FPU routines are auto can be almost any error that 1.) The operation word determines matically emulated by software. occurred in native code. Type 11 what kind of instruction is to be exe Because the FPU is "built-in," as it errors may include: cuted. For example, the instruction were, the 68040 chip handles • an address error MOVE.B Dl, D2 translates to the instructions that start with an opera • a bus error hexadecimal value 1401. tion word beginning with the hex This instruction starts with the value F by itself. There is no way to • an illegal instruction error that hex value 1. The instruction add a coprocessor to a 68040 chip; occurred in native code. FMOVE.X FP3,-(A7) translates to the instructions are never brought The exception handlers installed F227 6980 This instruction starts out of the chip itself. The 68040LC is for native code don't correctly han- mini'app'les Newsletter March, 1998 die the particular condition which Example #2: Using a Poorly Initialized Pointer or Handle (since the device is now marked as was raised, and the error is returned fixed.) The Color Picker design did back to the System Error manager via If your program tries to use an not anticipate the boot volume not the Mixed Mode manager. The uninitialized or badly initialized being found. This results in a Type System Error manager maps all such pointer, it can generate a Type 11 11 error. The fix is to upgrade your exceptions to the system error Type error. Here is what happens in SCSI driver to a later version. 11 Error. If you install Macsbug 6.5.2 Example #2: or later, some Type 11 errors may be ;Begin C Code Calling a Routine That May Move Memory at Interrupt Time reported as a PowerPC unmapped Ptr badPointer = (Ptr)-2; memory exception. This is equiva The Apple Media Kit, release 1.2, lent to a bus error, i.e., an error indi *badPointer = 0; had a problem that could cause ran cating your program is accessing ;End C Code dom errors. During a VBL task, AMK memory that doesn't exist. The was calling SetCCursor. SetCCursor Modern Memory Manager was NOTE: I've made the bug very can possibly move memory. Moving designed to be less forgiving than obvious; it may not be quite so obvi memory during interrupt time is a the classic (68K) Memory Manager. ous, however, in your code. In this very bad idea. The Memory Manager Disposing of something twice, dis example, I've created a pointer to may be in an unstable state, such as posing of memory that was never non-existent memory (-2 isn't a valid compacting memory, when an inter allocated, and other memory han address) and then tried to access the rupt routine gets called. This can dling problems will often generate a memory to which the pointer refers. cause a Type 11 error in native code. Type 11 error, while on a 68K On a 68K Mac, this causes a bus A replacement cursor file has been machine the problem may go unno error. On a PowerPC Mac in 68K provided in the Apple Media ticed. emulation, this also causes a bus Tool/Programming Environment error. On a Power Macintosh in Runtime folder, and we do have a Programming Mistakes Causing Type native code, this causes a Type 11 11 Errors replacement Runtime error. Maker:Codes:Program file for Apple The following sections give you Media Tool. If you are currently Other Situations Causing Type 11 examples of programming mistakes developing titles, replacing these that may cause Type 11 errors. Errors files and rebuilding your projects will Example #1: Writing Past the End of an The following sections document remove the bug. Array some of the known bugs in various Not Enough Heap Space Writing past the end of an array products that may cause Type 11 can be a subtle and difficult-to-find errors. There are some situations where bug. Example #1 shows you why. having small amounts of memory ;Begin C Code Color Picker vs. Third-Party SCSI available in the system heap may Drivers lead to a Type 11 error. As an exam void lAmGoingToCrash(void) One reproducible problem stems ple, if the shared library manager { from a known bug in several third- can't load a shared library, you may Str27 bad Array; BlockMoveData(u\pThis string is too party SCSI hard disk drivers. The bug get a Type 11 error. This can happen long for this array", causes the Color Picker to crash when QuickTime tries to load a bad Array, 39); when trying to resolve a boot vol decompressor for certain kinds of } ume alias it makes at startup time. images. This problem exists in any system ;End C Code when Color Picker 2.0 or 2.0.1 is Writing Past the End of an Array NOTE: I've made the bug very installed and the boot volume is not In OpenTransport 1.0.5 or earlier, obvious; it may not be quite so obvi a removable drive. The fundamental there was a bug in the TCP/IP con ous, however, in your code. In this cause of the problem is that the SCSI trol panel code that could corrupt example, I've put a string of 39 char driver incorrectly marks the boot memory if there were more than 256 acters into an array defined to hold drive as a removable drive during the zones and a MacIP server was found 27 characters. This overwrites the boot process and changes it to be in a zone past the 256th zone. Under stack, which contains such useful properly marked as a fixed device these conditions, the control panel things as your return address. On a after startup. To find its code, the code wrote past the end of one of its 68K Mac, this causes a bus error. On Color Picker resolves the boot vol buffers. This bug would manifest a PowerPC Mac in 68K emulation, ume alias it made during startup. itself if the user opened the select this causes a bus error. On a Power Since the alias passed to the Alias zone dialog and the TCP/IP control Macintosh in native code, this causes Manager is for a removable drive, the panel was left open long enough for a Type 11 error. Alias Manager can't resolve the alias the NBP lookup calls for zones past mini'app'les Newsletter 10 March, 1998 the 256th zone to complete. This is cause your stack to run into the heap help resolve situations that might corrected in OpenTransport 1.0.6 when handling certain region lead to Type 11 errors: and later, but is given here as an shapes. Version 2.4.1 of QuickDraw • Test your code carefully. example of a Type 11 error. changed to a non-recursive routine • Install the Debugging Modern which eliminates this error. (You can Insufficient Stack Space Memory Manager, available on the detect the version of QuickDraw Tool chest Developer CD. This ver Heavy use of local variables or using the Gestalt selector i'qd iwhich sion of the Modern Memory recursion may cause your program to returns a version.) In general, recur Manager has additional checks run out of stack space. When this sion on PowerMacs is dangerous installed which allow you to track happens, you may have crashes that unless you have substantial stack down and eliminate many memory are difficult to track down. space available; PowerPC stack management bugs. Increasing your program's stack is frames are very large, and putting • Use extensions such as one solution. Whenever you are many of them on the stack may EvenBetterBusError (found on the using a large number of local vari quickly exhaust available stack. Tool chest Developer CD) in con ables or recursive routines, you should increase your program's stack Interrupts Not Handled by Device junction with Macsbug 6.5.2 or Drivers later, to detect use of uninitialized (using the procedure listed in Inside pointers or handles. Macintosh: Memory on page 1-40). Some Type 11 errors may legiti • Use third-party testing tools such As an extreme example, a faceless mately be illegal interrupt vector as QC» by Onyx or MemoryMine» background application (document errors, rather than simply unhandled by Adianta. ed in Technical Note PS 2) has only a exceptions in native code. If a device 2K stack by default. A 68K applica driver for a NuBus or PCI card does IMPORTANT: It goes without say tion has 24K of stack on most mod not install an interrupt service rou ing that good testing before you ern machines (8K if no Color tine, but the card raises an interrupt, release a product will prevent expen QuickDraw is installed, 32K if A/UX you will receive a Type 11 error. This sive customer support calls later on. is installed.) You can use the low will happen whether you are run User-Level Recommendations memory accessor function ning in 68K code or PowerPC code. LMGetDfltStack to find your current The only solution for such a problem Here are some user-level sugges stack size. Native QuickDraw has sev is to update the driver to correctly tions recommended by Apple for eral changes in algorithms that have handle the interrupt issued by the ir*N unexplained Type 11 or No FPU increased the size of some structures. card. installed errors: PowerPC alignment issues may cause 1. Upgrade your hard disk dri Other Programming Errors the size of data structures to increase. vers) to the latest version available. Check your compiler documentation Common programming errors There are some known problems for further details. To help detect col may cause Type 11 or No FPU between SCSI Manager 4.3 and some lisions between the stack and the Installed errors. These include the SCSI disk drivers. Starting with heap, a nstack snifferi VBL task is same kinds of errors that usually System 7.5, the SCSI Manager 4.3 is installed that compares the current result in address errors on 680x0- installed on all Macintosh Quadras ends of the stack and heap and gen based Macintosh computers. For and Power Macintosh computers. erates a system error 28 in case of a example: There are some known programming collision. Unfortunately, the Thread • Indexing through an array incor problems in some older third-party Manager is forced to disable the rectly so that your program goes disk drivers. stack sniffer whenever it is installed. outside the memory allocated for 2. Upgrade to the latest System (This is because threads can have a that array (as demonstrated above). Software appropriate for your sys stack in places where the stack snif • Disposing of memory twice tem. Several significant bug fixes in fer doesn't expect them; if the stack • Disposing of memory that was system updates should reduce the sniffer is enabled, it would generate a number of Type 11 and No FPU never allocated system error 28.) This means you Installed errors you encounter. don't have the same level of protec • Calling DisposeHandle on a 3. Do a clean install of your tion as you did under older system resource handle (use System Software. Use the Extensions software versions without the Thread DisposeResource instead, to ensure Manager control panel to determine Manager installed. that the Resource Manager doesn't if any additional control panels or lose handles behind its back.) extensions are conflicting with your Too Much Recursion in QuickDraw Some Techniques To Help Avoid Type system software. Native QuickDraw before version 11 Errors 4. Some Type 11 errors may result 2.4.1 used a recursive routine to han from corrupted PRAM. dle regions. This recursive code could The following techniques may Unfortunately, most of extended mini'app'les Newsletter il March, 1998 • Inside Macintosh:Memory, PRAM is undocumented. (See Inside responsible for loading a needed seg Addison-Wesley ment into RAM. If the segment Macintosh:Operating System This article provides information about Utilites, chapter 7, Parameter RAM a non-Apple product. Apple Computer, loader can't do this, you'll see this Utilities, for what details are docu Inc. is not responsible for its content. error. mented.) You can restore your Please contact the vendor for addition ID=16 default PRAM values by holding al information. down Command-Option-P-R at sys The Tech Info Library article titled Floating point error tem startup time, or by using a "Locating Vendor Information" can help shareware utility such as TechTool. you search for a particular vendor's ID=17 through ID=24 Missing 5. Make sure you are not using address and phone number. Packages 0-7 This article is one of many available The Macintosh uses packages to composite RAM in a Power through the Apple Fax center. For a Macintosh. Memory specifications complete list of available fax docu do specific tasks. Some of the pack are in the developer hardware notes ments, search the Tech Info Library for ages are International Utilities, for each computer. Apple Fax Document Index or call the Binary-Decimal Conversion, 6. Some users claim that Apple Fax line at 1-800-505-0171 and Standard File Utilities, and Disk select document number 20000 (Apple Initialization. These packages are installing the shareware extension ■ SoftwareFPU cuts down on No FPU Fax - Document Index Product Support located in the System file. If you get Literature). The Apple Fax center is Installed problems. This extension available free of charge 24 hours a day, these errors, you probably have a emulates the Motorola FPU (at a con 7 days a week. damaged System file. Error codes 15, siderably slower speed), thus pre Article Change History: 16, 26, 27, 30, and 31 also come up venting bombs from software which 02 Jul 1996 ■ Added Fax Doc word when the System file is damaged. Try incorrectly makes FPU calls. This 09 Apr 1996 - Removed keyword. replacing the System file. may alleviate no FPU Installed errors, 08 Feb 1996 - Added keyword. but it doesn't address the fundamen Copyright 1995-96, Apple Computer, ID=25 Memory Full Error Inc. tal problem, namely that some soft This information is from the Apple You've probably run out of RAM. ware is executing unexpected data or Technical Information Library. But you can get this error when an making illegal calls to a non-existent ArticlelD: TECHINF0-0018912 earlier error causes the Macintosh to FPU. 19960724 15:55:27.00 falsely detect an out-of-memory con 7. Upgrade any software you find dition. that causes repeatable errors. ID=12 Unimplemented Core Routine A programmer might set break ID=26 Bad Program Launch Summary points in parts of a program to The Macintosh couldn't execute There are no easy solutions for inspect for errors. This requires using the application opened. handling Type 11 Error or No FPU a debugger. If a debugger isn't Installed errors. Only careful debug installed when a breakpoint occurs, ID=27 ging and testing can reduce the you see this error code. File system map has been trashed number and frequency of these errors. Most problems stem from ID=13 Uninstalled Interrupt common programming errors. The Macintosh uses an interrupt FOR SALE: to identify when devices like key Performa 6214 CD with 16 Further Reference boards and disk drives need service. Mb memory, 1 Gb Hard drive, • Inside Macintosh, PowerPC System Routines must be available in memo 4X CD, and Apple Multiscan Software, Addison-Wesley ry to tell the computer how to ser 140 display. We'll include the • Inside Macintosh:PowerPC vice the device. If those routines Performa startup CD (System Numerics, Addison-Wesley aren't available, you see this error. 7.5 plus ClarisWorks, Quicken, • Macsbug Reference and Debugging American Heritage Dictionary, ID=14 Guide, Addison-Wesley Power Pete, and several oth • Macsbug Release Notes, part of the IO core error ers). We bought a new model distribution of Macsbug and no longer need this one. ID=15 Segment Loader Error It's yours for $750. For an extra • Motorola MC68020 32-bit Macintosh programs are broken $100, we'll throw in an HP Microprocessor User's Manual, up into segments, and each program 550C inkjet printer with both Third edition (available from will always have at least one seg black and color cartridges. i Motorola) ment. Multiple segments allow load Ken Slingsby • PowerPC Microprocessor Family: ing parts of the program into memo 507-263-3715, evenings The Programming Environment ry to provide more room for data in (available from IBM or Motorola) internal RAM. The segment loader is mini'app'les Newsletter 12 March, 1998 ID=28 Stack Ran into Heap work frequently, and keep current you'll lose less data if you've taken This is similar to the Memory Full backups of your hard disk data. these precautions. error. It's a good idea to save your When a system crash does occur, ^ Mac OS 8.1 Delivers Under the Hood by Geoff Duncan mini'app'les Newsletter 13 March, 1998 during installation. the AppleTalk and TCP/IP control mini'app'les Newsletter 15 March, 1998 characters and 25 script systems, either case, back up your disk, initial before converting to Extended including Arabic, Cyrillic, Katakana, ize it, and then restore your data. Format. and Thai.) Under Mac OS 8.1, To make an Extended Format mini'app'les Newsletter 17 March, 1998 What was happening in the Mini'app'les Newsletter compiled by Ken Slingsby comes. mode (characters are not all at the This series is presented to provide same fixed width), and variable line 10 Years ago... a link to our past. The snapshots of feed increments. A television crew /*% articles and advertisements appear March 1988. The 16 page issue from channel 11 had been at a ing in the Mini'app'les newsletters of was packed with information. There recent meeting where the Apple lie yesterday are meant to entertain and was a two column editorial, followed was introduced. The investment SIG enlighten rather than to poke fun at by several sig notices. In the reviewed a set of programs called our past. Enjoy. announcements, I was surprised to Portware, for analyzing and tracking find that Claris had seven titles, investments. DOM 22 was described 5 Years ago... about half of which were version 2 in detail. Several magazines were March 1993. This issue was quite or greater. The AppleWorks Advisor indexed in this issue, covering titles a change from the usual. The publi announced the recent release of including: Apple Orchard, Byte, In cations director position was vacant AppleWorks 2, explanation of mem Cider, Personal Computing, Popular and the issue came out a little late. ory chips for the Apple II, and Computing, Softalk, and Twin Cities The annual meeting was on the reviewed TimoOut SideSpread, a pro Computer User. Operating hints for sixth. In addition, I could not find a gram to print spreadsheets sideways a relatively new database program, Feb 1993 issue in my vast collection. in an era when printers were general Data Reporter, was detailed. As typi It's possible there wasn't as much ly incapable of rotating the output to cal for the day, the program and data notice made as one would have landscape. A review of a recent Mac files were on separate disks so the liked. The issue had no covers and User Meeting described the newest user had to be careful in swapping was collated backwards or the wrong Apple laser printers, a new MIDI disks, so the user wouldnOt write corner was stapled. The first few interface box, and miscellaneous data on the program disk and loose pages were hand numbered. An software updates. Wrapping up the it all. There was a page and a half interesting ad on one of the covers issue was a presentation of the recent article on copyright law. One of our was for a DEC Laser printer includ Revisions to the Bylaws. members had found a fantastic deal ing Postscript software, 4 page per on four part, lined paper at the Ax minute Canon engine, 2-Mbyte 15 Years ago... Man Surplus store. March must be memory, and connects to both Mac March 1983. This issue was 38 the month for Bylaws. They were /^ 6 PC, all for $1099. The annual pages in length. Mini'app'les was printed in this issue, also. Rounding 1 meeting was an exciting event where progressing. The dot matrix printer out the issue was a home construc lots of problems were discussed. One had been replaced by an Apple LQP tion project, this time making the of the outcomes of the meeting was printer using an Elite 12 pitch daisy keys repeat on the Apple II and a second newsletter for the month, a wheel. The Apple II software was Pie Apple 11+ keyboards. four page discussion of the out- Writer, which allowed incremental WebRamp by Steve P. Wilmes now hit the internet from any com $399. This costs $299. In my quest to buy all things puter. If you open say Netscape, it This is set up simply by opening with cords attached to them I recent will see if one of the modems is up, netscape and typing in the preset IP ly bought a WebRamp. In my home if not it will open it. If you have it of the device. It will support up to office I have 6 or so computers at a set up to use more than one modem, 253 users, although 20 is more realis time. We have 3 phone lines and it can dynamically pop open as tic. It will take any combination and there are often 4 of us working or many modems as it has, to keep the flavor of modems(ISDN, 56k, 33.6, playing. speed up. When it gets a new request etc.). It is XPlatform. Unlike the In an effort to be more efficient for something out on the internet, it Vicom it doesn't slow down a and gain some speed I bought the looks for the least busy path to the machine nor rely on one not crash WebRamp M3. This is the cheaper net and sends that connection out ing. one but here is what it will do. on it. So now even alone, I can For the clients all that you need It is a router and a hub. You can browse while pulling a big down to do is go in the TCPIP control connect 1-3 modems to it. Right load, without a slowdown. panel and set one setting, optain IP now I have two modems and have it I looked at the Vicom Internet from a DHCP server, done. hooked into my other hubs so any gateway, which is just a software Very cool product, very well done one on the network can get to it. router. It will use a single modem for interface. It is a DHCP server so anyone can everyone, a 5 user version costs mini'app'les Newsletter 18 March, 1998 Good deals #51 by Ken Slingsby This is another installment in a series of articles which list press releases. All articles included here were posted on either AppleO web site or via the User Group Connection. These are roughly the same sources as prior articles in this series. The PRESS RELEASES are to make you aware of the new products. You may have to hunt to find a dealer that supports the product. The GOOD DEALS are special offers that may be in limited supply. Many are limited time offers. Mini'app'les makes no claim as to the usefulness or quality of the products offered herein. The User Group does not endorse the products and is not supporting the products. The following is not paid advertisement. There may be other products mentioned on our BBS or other services not appearing here. If so, that is an omis sion, not a refusal of the product. As in all purchases, buyer beware! Products and names mentioned in this document are trademarks of the respective companies. All Rights Reserved. Apple-Authorized User Groups may redistribute this information to their members (or use it to recruit them) at meetings, in newsletters, by fax, or bulletin board systems. leading productivity software in the PRESS RELEASES K-12 education market, a key market GOOD DEALS Claris to Reorganize as FileMaker, Inc. focus for Apple. User Group Store Email Update Apple Reports First Fiscal Quarter 1/16/98 CUPERTINO, California—Jan. 27, Results 1998—Apple Computer, Inc. today Apple Performa 6400/180 - Factory- announced that its Claris subsidiary CUPERTINO, California—Jan. 14, Refurbished - 180MHZ 603e PowerPC Processor will restructure to focus exclusively 1998—Apple Computer, Inc. today on its award-winning FileMaker Pro announced financial results for its - 16MB RAM /(DIMMs) upgradable line of database software. This fiscal 1998 first quarter which ended to 136MB /pN Dec. 26, 1997. For the quarter, the restructuring will include changing -1.6GB hard drive the Company name to FileMaker, Company generated revenues of $1.6 - 8X CD ROM Inc., divesting of products other billion and unit sales of 635,000. The than the FileMaker Pro line, and lay- Company recorded a quarterly net - Optional cache ing-off approximately 300 Claris profit of $47 million, resulting in - 1MB VRAM employees. basic and diluted earnings per share - 2 PCI SLots FileMaker Pro is the most popular of $.37 and $.33, respectively. Apple database software for the Macintosh recorded a net loss of $161 million, - Keyboard and mouse and is the second most popular or $(1.26) per share, in the - Mac system 7.5 and Claris Works standalone database software for September quarter, and recorded a - 90-day Apple warranty Windows, with about 3 million units net loss of $120 million, or $(.96) per sold and 2,500 developers. Sales of share, in the year-ago quarter. Price $899 * 2600 points * item the FileMaker Pro line were $73 mil The Company achieved gross #05959. Add a Hitachi 15" monitor lion in FY97, and $24 million in the margins of 22 percent during the for only $329 * 900 points * #72050. most recent quarter which ended quarter, compared to 20 percent in Add a 2-year On-Site Warranty for Dec. 26, 1997. Sales of the Windows the September quarter and 19 per only $119.95 * 350 points * item versions more than tripled during cent in the year-ago quarter. 01914 the past two years (from $9 million International sales accounted for 50 Price of system with monitor and to $28 million) and grew 77 percent percent of the Company's quarterly warranty suggested would be during the most recent quarter over revenues. $1,297.95, (with $50 rebate applied) the same quarter a year ago. and would earn your User Group Beginning February 1, Apple will 3,850 points. distribute all Apple-branded soft ware, including Mac OS 8 in the U.S. Apple Performa 6200/75 - Factory- In addition, Apple will develop, dis Refurbished tribute and support the award-win - 75MHZ 603e PowerPC Processor ning ClarisWorks integrated produc - 8MB RAM/(SIMMs) upgradeable to tivity software. ClarisWorks is the 64MB mini'app'les Newsletter 19 March, 1998 - 1GB hard drive 600/800/1520/3000 color printer. really embraced our on-line purchas -4XCDR0M Attention Epson Stylus Pro and ing service and we want to thank - 256k L2 cache Stylus Pro XL owners! At year-end you by extending our double points -1 COM slot inventory, we found several boxes of program through March. That Epson letter size Premium Coated means your group receives double -1 LC PDS slot paper for 720dpi output on your points on all purchases you make - Built-in DRAM Stylus Pro or Pro XL printer. While on-line. And our on-line shopping is - Keyboard and mouse supplies last, get a 200 sheet package secure and easy. Just go to our web - Mac system 7.5 and Claris Works for just $10 including UPS shipping. site, pull out a shopping cart, and Ask for item #84434. purchase products. And keep in - 90-day Apple warranty mind that no matter the size of your Price $549 * 1600 points * item Factory-Refurbished Items Price group, each purchase qualifies #05265. Add a Hitachi 15" monitor Q t y I t e m Now those hot Specials! for only $329 * 900 points * item Apple 5260 UMAX C500LT/180 Refurb 72050. Add a 2-year On-Site 1 05258 $499 603e/180MHz/16MB/lGB HD/ 1MB VRAM/ 8X CD/ Kb&m., $769 2300 Warranty for only $79.95 * 235 UMAX SuperMac points * item 01913 Points, Item # 30575 Price of system with monitor and C500/140/16MB/1.2GB HD/ 8X CD Add a Hitachi Pro 500 15" moni 1 3 0 5 7 3 $ 5 9 9 warranty suggested would be tor. $329 900 Points Item $927.95, (with $30 rebate applied) UMAX SuperMac C500e/200 #72050/06932 and would earn your User Group ENET/16MB/2GB HD/8X CD UMAX C600/200 Refurb 2,735 points. 1 3 0 5 8 9 $ 8 4 9 603e/200MHz/16MB/2.1GB HD/ 2. Items Remaining from the 1MB VRAM/ 8X CD/ 33.6 UMAX SuperMac C600e/200 Holidays modem/Kb&m., $999 2900 Points ENET/32MB/2GB HD/8X CD/ZIP Item # 30577 Q t y I t e m P r i c e 4 3 0 5 9 1 $ 9 9 9 Add the Apple 15AV refurb 15" Mag Innovision DX15T15" monitor monitor. $349 1000 Points Item 2 9 7 0 0 0 $ 3 2 9 Apple PowerMac 7200/90/8MB/500 CD #05961 ArtMedia TX-166415" monitor 7 0 5 0 4 5 $ 6 4 9 UMAX C600LT/240 Refurb 1 1 1 2 6 3 $ 3 2 9 603e/240MHz/24MB/2GB HD/ 1MB The User Group Store - Where mem VRAM/ 12X CD/33.6 modem/ Applevision 171017" monitor bers shop! Kb&m. $1139 3400 Points Item 1 0 5 8 4 1 $ 6 9 9 Web Page: http://www.ugstore.com #30588 PressView 17SR17" monitor Email: [email protected] Add a RasterOps Hitachi 170 1 2 4 1 1 8 $ 9 9 9 Phone: 800-350-4842 monitor. $499 1400 Points Item# 72009 Stylus ProXL 11x17 color printer Double Points Extended Until March Refurbished products include a 90-day 1 8 3 0 0 1 $ 9 9 9 31,1998 warranty. Add a Sen/ice Net 2-year warranty for Free 200 sheet package of Epson Special System offers letter-size Premium Coated Paper only $119.95 with the purchase of any Epson The User Group Store has decided printer. Ask for item #84434 with to extend our Double Points pro the purchase of an Epson gram through March. The members $_mx__y mm BBS Calls by Day I jjaaims^ _gm |BBS Usage by Dayj Month begins on Thursday MorHh begins on Thursday 1 2 J 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121} 141S18171819202122 ZSZ42Sz6z7zej9S051 12 I 4 ! « 7 8 8 10111!!! 141S1017IS192Q212223 24 ZSZBZ7ZSZ9jO SI (hyofrratth Cbyofmxith mini'apples Newsletter 20 March, 1998 Bylaws of Minnesota Apple Computer Users' Group, Inc. (Proposed) A. NAME OF ORGANIZATION • President the mini'app'les newsletter or a The name of the organization is • Past President special mailing. Minnesota Apple Computer Users' • Vice President 8.Election of Officers. Group, Inc. hereafter called • Secretary a.Nominations will be made by a "mini'app'les." • Treasurer nominating committee. b.Further nominations from B. PURPOSE • Publications Director members will be accepted at a The purpose of the organization • Interest Group Directors (2) general membership meeting to is to promote the dissemination of • Marketing Director be held in February. information concerning the use of c.The subsequent list of nominees Apple Computers and products relat These eight officers are the gov with such statements as they ed thereto, and to share the knowl erning board of the mini'app'les and may wish to make pursuant to edge of members at large concerning all mini'app'les business will be con their candidacy shall appear in their talents and information per ducted by this board. the April newsletter. taining to computers in general. 2. Except for the Past President, offi d.The election will be by means of C. MEMBERSHIP cers are elected for term of one a written ballot as published in 1.Members of mini'app'les are year. The term runs from May 1 to the April newsletter. Ballots will April 30. The office of Past be accepted at mini'app'les required to pay annual dues, President will automatically be which will be due on the anniver meetings or by mail. All ballots given to the retiring President. If a must be received by April 28th. sary of the month they joined. President is elected for sequential A simple majority of those vot 2.The actual amount of dues will be terms, the incumbent Past ing is necessary for election. set by the board. A application fee President will remain in office. If Results of this election shall be may be charged at the discretion Past President resigns or relin published in the newsletter not of the board. quishes office, the President shall more than 60 days following iSp\ 3.Annual dues must be received by appoint a Director at Large to com the election. anniversary date or membership plete Past President term and duties. 9.Board members must be paid up shall be terminated. members of the mini'app'les. If a 3.If an officer resigns or relinquishes 4.Membership rights will be extend board member's membership laps ed to the immediate household office, the President shall appoint es, they have effectively resigned upon receipt of dues from the a replacement in a timely manner from the board of directors, and household. subject to board approval. the board shall so notify them and 5.Each membership shall have the 4.1f the President resigns or is unable make record in the minutes. right to cast one vote. to perform the duties of the office; 10.No member or membership may the Vice President shall assume hold more than one board posi 6.Membership will not be denied those duties. because of race, creed, color, sex, tion or vote except as noted in or national origin. 5.In the absence of the President and bylaws. Vice President the officers may 7.Members are expected to abide by E. LEADERSHIP RESPONSIBILITIES these bylaws. appoint an acting President. 6.Board members may be removed 1.General Duties. The duties of the 8.Benefits of membership shall from office by a two-thirds majori elected officers are in general to: include: ty vote of the board. A recall elec Promote the purpose and mem A subscription to the mini'app'les tion shall be held within 60 days bership of mini'app'les. newsletter. of presentation of an impeach Administer the bylaws of the Eligibility to purchase mini'app'les ment petition bearing the verified mini'app'les. software. signatures of at least five percent of Assure the financial well-being of the membership. Eligibility to participate in mini'ap the mini'app'les. 7.The President, Vice President, or p'les sanctioned activities. Attend and report at each board Secretary may call a general mem meeting. D. LEADERSHIP bership meeting. Membership l.The officers of mini'app'les, shall shall be notified of time, place, Carry out decisions of the board consist of the following positions: and purpose of meeting through in a timely manner. mini'app'les Newsletter 21 March, 1998 Appoint staff and committees as accounts in the name of the Act as spokesperson to the board necessary, subject to board mini'appTes. for group representatives approval. Deposit all monies in the F. FINANCIAL Communicate to the board the mini'appTes bank account(s) in a l.The mini'appTes will maintain an needs of appointed staff and timely and efficient manner. membership in general. account(s) at a local financial insti Pay all bills and demands as tution. Such accounts shall bear 2.Duties of the President. The authorized by the board. interest as the law allows. President will: 5.Duties of the Secretary The 2.The Signatories on the account(s) Provide leadership and direction Secretary will: shall be: to the general membership and to Record in a permanent form the President the board of directors. minutes of all board and general Vice President Prepare an agenda for each board membership meetings at which meeting. business is conducted. Treasurer Chair mini'app'les board and gen Record the results of elections. 3.0ne signature will be required to eral membership meetings at Archive and maintain all mini'ap disburse funds from the which business is conducted. p'les records other than those account(s). Assign duties to board and staff kept by the Treasurer. 4.The authorization of expenditures members. will be accomplished by the board Keep a mini'appTes calendar. Establish goals to be reached dur approving an annual budget that Assist the President and Vice covers the mini'appTes budget ing the term in office. President in correspondence as year. The budget year shall run 3.Duties of the Vice President. The required. from August 1 to July 31. Those Vice President will: 6.Duties of the Past President. The expenditures not budgeted items, Assist the President with the Past President will: or budgeted items which exceed duties of that office and in the Provide continuity in the leader the budgeted amount by more absence of the president, assume than $25.00 will require majority the duties of that office. ship of the mini'app'les. Assist the President with the approval of the board. Organize the program, facilities duties of that office. 5.Proper verification of expenditures and equipment for general mem will be required before the funds Provide historical references for bership meetings including meet will be disbursed. decision making process. ings for nominations or voting by 6. In the event of dissolution of the membership. 7.Duties of the Publications Director. The Publications Director will: corporation, the entire net assets Coordinate participation in remaining after payment of any or events, such as trade shows and Oversee publication of the all liabilities and obligations of the seminars. newsletter. corporation shall be disbursed in a 4.Duties of the Treasurer. The Appoint with consent of the manner agreeable to a majority of Treasurer will: board: the board members at a specially convened open board meeting and Newsletter Editor and assistants Maintain the mini'appTes finan consistent with IRS and State regu cial records and records of Advertising Coordinator lations. Notice of this meeting mini'appTes assets. 8.Marketing Director. The shall be made known to all Prepare a written financial report mini'app'les members through the to include income, disburse Membership Director will: Oversee the maintenance and newsletter or a special mailing 30 ments, current account balances processing of membership records days in advance of the meeting. and assets, at each board meeting. 7.A Surety Bond shall be obtained, This report will be included in the and materials minutes. Promote membership naming the above signatories as principals. Prepare an annual budget. 9.Duties of the Interest Group G. BOARD MEETINGS Be cognizant of and act upon Directors. The Interest Group Directors will: l.The business of the mini'app'les requirements of the IRS and Minnesota State Department of Oversee all matters related to the will be conducted at board meet Revenue in a timely and efficient development and maintenance of ings, except for general member manner. Special Interest and Community ship meetings or voting by the Administer the collection of all Interest groups general membership. monies due the mini'app'les. Encourage and assist in the for 2.The Board of Directors shall meet at least every other month at a Establish and maintain bank mation of new interest groups mini'apples Newsletter 22 March, 1998 place and time designated by the be made available no later than 60 of a written ballot as published in mini'app'les president. days following that meeting. the mini'app'les newsletter. Ballots 3.A quorum shall consist of 4 or 8.A11 meeting of the board will be will be accepted at mini'appTes more officers and no business shall open to the general membership meetings or by mail. All ballots be transacted if a quorum is not of the mini'app'les. must be received by the 28th of present. the month in which vote is taken. 9.A11 members are encouraged to A two-thirds majority of those vot 4.Notice of board meetings shall be bring issues to the board. This ing is necessary for ratification of published 30 days in advance of all shall be done by submitting agen the changes to bylaws. regularly scheduled board meet da items in writing to the presi ings. dent in advance of the board meet 5.Changes to these bylaws become effective the first day of month fol 5.1n emergency situations, officers ing. lowing publication of notice of rat may agree to meet at any time, but 10. Decisions will be made by a sim ification in the newsletter. Such all business transacted will be sub ple majority of the board members notice shall appear not more than ject to reconsideration at the next present, the President voting only 60 days after the closing date for regularly scheduled board meeting. in the case of a tie. receiving ballots. Minutes of the emergency meet 1 l.At least once per year, the board ings shall be made publicly avail will examine these bylaws for I. MISCELLANEOUS able in the next issue of the needed changes following the pro 1.mini'appTes will support the copy mini'app'les newsletter and/or at cedure set forth in section H. the request of any member. right laws. 2.1n the event of meeting cancella 6.The board of directors may desig H. BYLAWS tion, the officers will make every nate three or more of its members 1.Requests for changes in the bylaws effort to contact the local members to constitute an executive commit will be made in the mini'app'les through the media or other means tee. To the extent determined by newsletter at least four months as appropriate. the board, the executive commit prior to the election of officers. tee has the authority of the board 3.A11 Books and Records to be audit 2.The board will act on this request ed not less than once per year by a in the management of the business and on other items pursuant to of mini'app'les. The executive committee of members, not committee shall act only in the changes in the bylaws at a board including officers, appointed by meeting at least three months interval between board meetings board. prior to the election of officers. and at all times shall be subject to 4.A11 applicable Federal and the control and direction of the 3.Changes to the bylaws suggested Minnesota laws and statues apply board. Any activity shall be report by the board will be published in and supersede where bylaws do ed to board at next meeting. the mini'app'les newsletter. not comply with said laws and 7.Minutes of the board meetings will 4.The ratification will be by means statutes. Not for the mathematically challenged: Submitted by Tom Gates Solving for Money, we get: Engineers and scientists will never make as much money as business executives. Now a rigorous mathemat Money = Work/Knowledge ical Proof exists that explains why this is true: Thus, as Knowledge approaches zero, Money Postulate 1: Knowledge is Power.. approaches infinity regardless of the Work done... Postulate 2: Time is Money.. Conclusion: As every engineer knows, The Less you Know, the more you Make. Power = Work/Time Note: It has been speculated that the reason why Bill Since Knowledge = Power, and Time = Money, we have Gates dropped out of Harvard's math program was because he stumbled upon this proof as an undergradu Knowledge = Work/Money ate, and dedicated the rest of his career to the pursuit of ignorance. mini'app'les Newsletter 23 March, 1998 Benefits of your mini'apples membership include: A one year subscription to our monthly Newsletter A free account on the mini'apples BBS (45 minutes/day) Communicate with other mini'app'les members plus get up to date information on mini'app'les events and meetings. Get assistance from other members. Download freeware and shareware. Eligibility for frequent drawings of free equipment, software, and books. Just a few of the many items given away free in the last year included: Connectix QuickCam, Microsoft Encarta, Books from Peachpit Press and MacMillan, RamDoubler, SpeedDoubler, Lind PowerBook battery Conditioners and Rechargers, Microsoft Art Gallery, and Apple System 7.5 software. Discounts on book orders 40% off Peachpit Press, 30% off MacMillan family of book companies (Hayden, Adobe Press, Que, Sams, Brady, NRP, and Alpha) Periodic special User Group discount offers on equipment and software. In the past year, Apple, Hayes, Broderbund, and APC Power Protection (Business Security Products), among others, have offered mini'app'les members significant discounts. Plus, you're supporting all of mini'app'les' special interest group (SIG) meetings that you can attend each month. It's easy to recoup your cost of membership with the above benefits. And a one year membership still costs only $25. Non-Profit Org. U.S. Postage mini'applesBox 796 PAID Hopkins, MN 55343 St. Paul, MN Permit 2537 ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED i 1 ■miniapples membership card EXPIRES: 99-12 ID# 160 DAN B BUCHLER 2601 WOODS TRL /m BURNSVILLE MN 55337 i . . ^ _ _ _ _ _ ^ - _ , . i mini'app'les Newsletter March, 1998