291st OMICS International Conference International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Posters
Aquaculture-2015
Page 95 Shann-Tzong Jiang, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Production of functional peptides using fish protein hydrolysates with inhibition ability against angiotensin I-converting enzyme using E. coli expression system Shann-Tzong Jiang National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan
Background: There are various angiotension-I converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) have been investigated for palliating the hypertension. Methods: To produce ACE inhibitor peptides, 15 fragments of DNA sequences encoded well-known ACEI peptides from fish protein hydrolysates, GW, IW, KW, LF, MF, VW, VY, YL, GPL, GPM, IKW, VY, IRPVQ, IWHHT and IYPRY, were designed as a combinative DNA encoded a fusion ACEI polypeptide which could be hydrolyzed into individual ACEI peptides by chymotrypsin. The combinative DNA consisted of 234 nucleotides was cloned into the pET-23a(+) expression vector and then transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) expression host. Results: After 8 h induction by 0.1 mM isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside, high activity of the recombinant fusion ACEI polypeptide was expressed. After sonication to disrupt the cell wall, the recombinant fusion ACEI polypeptide could be purified using Ni Sepharose™ 6 Fast Flow. The IC50 value of recombinant ACEI polypeptide is 11.82 μM. After chymotrypsin digestion, a 74-fold increase of ACEI activity (0.16 μM) was obtained, which was equivalent to 0.022 μM of captopril. Conclusion: The ACEI activity of the chymotrypsin hydrolysate increased about 74-fold activity after hydrolysis. It can be used in the health food for the prevention of high blood pressure, and even the development of drugs for medication in the future.
Biography Shann-Tzong Jiang earned his Master Degree from Tokyo University of Fisheries, Japan, and PhD from University of Rhode Island, USA. He is a Fellow of the International Academy of Food Science & Technology, and National Endowed Chair Professor of the Ministry of Education of Taiwan. Currently he is working at the Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, and at Providence University as Senior Vice President. He has published more than 170 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as Editorial Board Member of several repute journals.
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 96 Myung-Hwa Jung, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Effects of protective immunity water temperature on mortality in Rock Bream Iridovirus (RBIV) infected rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) and survivors obtain Myung-Hwa Jung Chonnam National University, Republic of Korea
ock Bream Iridovirus (RBIV) causes huge losses especially in rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus. Rock bream injected with RBIV Rand held at 29, 26, 23 or 20°C had 100% mortality. Conversely, all infected fish held at 17°C survived even after the temperature was progressively increased to 26°C at 100 days post infection (dpi). Rock bream exposed to virus and held for 2, 4 and 7 days at 23/26°C before the temperature was reduced to 17°C had mortality rates of 26.6/73.2%, 66.6/100% and 93.4/100% respectively through 100 dpi. When surviving fish had the water temperature increased from 17 to 26°C at 100 dpi, they did not exhibit signs of disease and had low virus copy numbers (below 103). To investigate the development of a protective immunity, rock bream were infected with RBIV and held at 23°C before shifting the water temperature to 17°C at 4 dpi. All injected fish survived until 120 dpi. While 100% of the previously unexposed fish died, 80.2% of the previously infected fish survived. When the survivors were re- challenged again at 160 dpi, no further mortality occurred. The high survival rate of fish following re-challenge with RBIV indicates that protective immunity was established in the surviving rock bream.
Biography Myung-Hwa Jung is currently working in Chonnam National University, South Korea in the Department of Aqualife Medicine.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 97 Aihua Li et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of splenic immune mechanisms of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) infected by Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida Aihua Li1, Meng Long1, Juan Zhao2, Tongtong Li, Carolina Tafalla3, Qianqian Zhang1, Xiehao Wang1, Xiaoning Gong1 and Zhixin Shen2 1Chinese Academy of Sciences, China 2Qinghai Provincial Fishery Environmental Monitoring Center, China 3Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISAINIA), Spain
urunculosis caused by Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is an epidemic disease among salmonids including rainbow Ftrout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). However, the immune mechanisms that are elicited in rainbow trout against the invasion of A. salmonicida are not yet fully understood. In this study, we examined the spleen to investigate the immune response of rainbow trout at 3d post infection by A. salmonicida at the transcriptome and proteome levels by using Illumina-seq and iTRAQ methods, respectively. A total of 1036 genes and 133 proteins were found to undergo differential expression during the immune response of the spleen against A. salmonicida infection. Gene ontology and KEGG analysis were conducted among the differentially expressed genes and proteins revealing that immune system process and response to stimulus were the top two biological processes and immune system, signaling molecules and interaction and immune diseases were the differential pathways activated. Correlation analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic results showed 17 proteins (11 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated) having consistent expression at RNA and protein levels. Moreover, protein–protein interaction analysis showed that diseases, proteasome, aminoacyl- tRNA biosynthesis and nucleotide metabolism were the main interactions among the consistently expressed proteins. Consequently, these up-regulated proteins namely ferritin, CD209, IL13Rα1, VDAC2, GIMAP7, PSMA1 and two ANXA11s could be considered as potential biomarkers for rainbow trout immune responses.
Biography Aihua Li is currently a Professor in Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 98 An-Chin Lee, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
A study on microalgae filtered and digested by hard clam (Meretrix lusoria) An-Chin Lee National Chia-Yi University, Taiwan
icroalgae are widely considered as the major component of the feed fed by hard clam. However, the information Mabout which concentrations of microalgae inducing the pseudo feces production of hard clam and the digestibility of microalgae by hard clam is limited. Two species of microalgae, Tetraselmis chui and Isochrysis galbana are used in this study. Five concentrations of T. chui and ten concentrations of I. galbana were used in the experiment of pseudo feces production of hard clam. The concentrations of T. chui and I. galbana inducing 50% population of hard clam to produce pseudo feces are 9300 cells/ mL and 95000 cells/mL, respectively. Feces collection was carried out in four time periods, 0-3 hour feeding period, 0-4, 4-8 and 8-20 hours period after hard clam transferred to clean sea water. Protein content and carbohydrate content in the feces of hard clam fed with T. chui and I. galbana in 0-4 hour period after hard clam transferred to clean sea water were the maximal. The digestibility of microalgal protein/carbohydrate by hard clam was evaluated by the ratio of the amount of protein/carbohydrate in feces collection divided by that in microalgae fed by hard clam. Protein and carbohydrate digestibility of T. chui by hard clam were 52±2.6% and 70±8%, respectively. Protein and carbohydrate digestibility of I. galbana by hard clam were 81.3±2.3% and 88.1±2.2% respectively.
Biography An-Chin Lee earned his Master Degree from National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan and PhD from University of Maryland at College Park, USA. Currently, he is working at the department of Aquatic Biosciences, National Chia-Yi University, Taiwan and also at NCYU as Secretary General. He paid his attention to the project of anaerobic metabolism of hard clam (Meretrix lusoria) for many years. He is also interested in looking at filtering behavior of hard clam and will try to prepare supplemental diet of hard clam.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 99 Mong Fong Lee, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Spawning habitat selection of Pharaoh cuttlefish, Sepia pharaonis (Cephalopoda: Sepiidae) in artificial culture Mong Fong Lee National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
ephalopods are one of the potential candidates of aquaculture species in the future. Pharaoh cuttlefish, Sepia pharaonis, is Cone of important fishery resources in southeastern Asia. Spawning habitat of aquatic species is crucial for successful seed production. In the present study, we raised mature and paired pharaoh cuttlefish in different culture conditions and observed their selection of spawning habitats. Pharaoh cuttlefish deposited their eggs onto the nets when raised in the cage culture system. They also delivered eggs onto the plastic nets when raised in the fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) tanks without any substrata. To study the spawning habitat preference of Pharaoh cuttlefish, we designed a 4 m-long tempered glass aquarium consisted of two 2x1.2x1.2 m aquarium with coral reef stones and sands as substrata respectively. A plastic net was hung in each aquarium and the two aquarium was connected by an oval opening allow cuttlefish to pass through. Interestingly, all cuttlefish deposited eggs onto the coral reef stones and no egg on the plastic nets and sand substrata was observed. In conclusion, coral reef stones might be the better choice of substrata for artificial propagation of pharaoh cuttlefish due to its similarity to their natural spawning habitat in the intertidal waters, though the exact mechanism how Pharaoh cuttlefish select the spawning habitat still need to be further studied.
Biography Mong Fong Lee is currently working in Department of Aquaculture, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Taiwan.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 100 Su Mei Wu, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Does efficiency of glycogen metabolism relate with salinity resistance on gills and hepatic tissues of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) Su Mei Wu National Chiayi University, Taiwan
alinity change is one of stressor on freshwater fish and fish will regulate osmolality balance to acclimate seawater environment. SThe ionic/osmotic regulation mechanisms include the morphological modification of gill MR cells and stimulation of both the expression and activity of ion transporters. All need energy to active. The Previous study had found that the GR cells were initially stimulated to provide promote energy for neighboring MR cells that trigger ion-secretion mechanism. Therefore, the objective of this study is to explore the energy metabolism of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) upon acute salinity exposure in gills and liver. There are four groups of treatments in the present study which are included: Fish were adapted in the brackish water (20% for 1 or 2 days and then transferred to 28% seawater (respectively to BW1d-SW; BW2d-SW representation); Fish were transferred directly to 20% brackish water group (FW-BW); Fish were transferred directly to the group of 28% seawater (FW-SW). The study was to compare the biochemical reactions of the glycogen metabolism between the gills and hepatic tissues. Results showed that the glycogen phosphorylase (GP) activity was significantly increased at 1 hour after acute salinity exposure. It was interesting to find that the BW1d-SW and BW2d-SW groups although their osmolality increased following the salinity change but they eventually recovered to the normal level soon. Furthermore, the plasma ions content of FW-SW groups elevated over following the time of SW exposure. Comparatively, it showed a peak within 1 hour and recovery as control on the BW1d-SW and BW2d-SW groups. According to the data, we suggested that the GP activity changes have potential as an effective indicator upon salinity stress.
Biography Su Mei Wu earned her Master Degree from Marine Biology Institute of National Taiwan University and PhD from National Taiwan Normal University both are in Taiwan. She is a Fellow of the Institute of Aquatic Biosciences of Chiayi University. She has published more than 85 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as reviewer of several repute journals. Her major include aquatic toxicology and fish physiology. Teaching programs have “Stress and Fish”, “Fish Endocrinology”, “Environment Sciences” etc.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 101 Myung-Hwa Jung, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Spleen weight index as a potential virus replication indicator in Rock Bream Iridovirus (RBIV) infected rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) Myung-Hwa Jung Chonnam National University, Republic of Korea
wide variety of diseases are associated with enlargement of spleen and fish spleen size is used as a simple measurable Aimmune parameter with a potential role in immune response against pathogen infection. Rock bream iridovirus (RBIV) is a member of the Megalocytivirus genus affected to rock beam (Oplegnathus fasciatus) are characterized especially by enlargement of spleen, nevertheless, fish ultimately die due to continuous disease progression. In the present study, we compared spleen weight with virus replication in susceptible and resistant rock bream against RBIV infection at high and low susceptible water temperatures. Spleen weight/virus copy number in dead fish (26°C) and survivor (from RBIV re-infection) conditions were 88-132 mg/106-108 and 15-34 mg/100-101 respectively. Lethal ratio of spleen index due to RBIV infection was 3.06-5.90 (dead condition) and safe ratio was in the range of 0.34-1.45 (survivor condition). In water temperature shifting (23°C to 17°C) groups, when virus replication reached to peak at 20 d to 30 dpi (106-107), spleen weight reached its highest (104-138 mg) and when fish reached to recovery stage (40 d to 100 dpi), reduced virus copy number (106 reduced to 101) with gradually reduced spleen weight (102 reduced to 27 mg) was observed. Our results demonstrated that rock bream with larger spleen index were highly susceptible to RBIV and virus replication is responsible for the alterations of major clinical signs of RBIV infection in fish body. Positive correlation of spleen index with virus replication suggests RBIV infection in rock bream can be identified by spleen index changes and spleen index can be considered as an indicator for assessment of RBIV progression.
Biography Myung-Hwa Jung is currently working in Chonnam National University, South Korea in the Department of Aqualife Medicine.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 102 Yaping Wang et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
A gene may functionally associated with reovirus infection in grass carp Yaping Wang, Rong Huang, Xiaojun Kang, Libo He, Lanjie Liao, Yongming Li and Zuoyan Zhu Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
rass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) is the most dominate farming species with annual yield of 4.6 million tons, accounting Gfor 15.6% of global freshwater aquaculture production. However, this business is suffering heavy losses from hemorrhage disease that is caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) infection. Here, we carried out a whole genome expression profile study in which 296 genes displaying significantly elevated expression in gills, intestine, liver and spleen of the grass carp in the first day after reoviral infection. Pooled DNA from100 viable or dead fries after a full sib GCRV challenge were subjected to PCR amplification and Illumina sequencing. Of the 296 genes, allele frequency comparison revealed that the expression level of the eight genes showed significant differences between two pools. Based on the parental genomic sequences, the polymorphic SNP loci within these eight genes were selected and genotyped in the 100 surviving samples. Fitness of chi-square test demonstrated that four genotypes of a gene (g094) significantly deviated from Mendelian ratio; with the TAG/TAG genotype being the most dominant one. Interestingly, the survival rate of the TAG/TAG genotype carriers after the GCRV infection was two times more than that of their siblings. These results suggest that the g094 in the grass carp may functionally associated with the GCRV.
Biography Yaping Wang has completed his PhD from Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IHB, CAS) in 2000. He has published more than 50 papers in reputed journals. He was elected as academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1997and elected as Academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) in 1998. Currently, still he works at IHB and serves as President of China Association for International Science and Technology Cooperation. He has published more than 100 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as the chief editor of Science in China and Chinese Science Bulletin.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 103 Carcamo Juan G et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Effect of cypermethrin and deltamethrin on transcriptional levels of detoxification proteins in Caligus rogercresseyi Carcamo Juan G, Mancilla A, Fuentes Dand Yanez AJ Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile
Introduction: Caligus rogercresseyi severely affects the salmon farming industry in Southern Chile, producing direct and indirect economic losses due to secondary infections and their respective pharmacological treatments. Currently, decreased efficiencies have been reported for the drugs used to treatC. rogercresseyi infections. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the antiparasitic drugs used in Chile, cypermethrin and deltamethrin, on transcriptional levels of some detoxification proteins in adult Caligus rogercresseyi. Material and Methods: Quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine mRNA expression levels of the detoxification proteins CYP3A, FMO and GST in adult C. rogercresseyi treated in vitro with deltamethrin and cypermethrin. Results: Adult C. rogercresseyi specimens treated with both antiparasitic showed a slight decrease or no change in CYP3A mRNA expression levels. Also for same treatments, a decrease in the expression levels of GST was observed. Finally, the FMO levels tend to decrease in all specimens treated, particularly at the highest concentrations used with cypermethrin. Discussion: These results show that the cypermethrin and deltamethrin treatments reduced the transcriptional expression levels of CYP3A, FMO and GST in Caligus rogercresseyi, which it does not seem to be related to drug resistance evidenced by C. rogercresseyi to these antiparasitic. The knowledge about the mechanism involved in antiparasitic resistance observed in C. rogercresseyi will allow us to develop effective alternative treatments against this parasite.
Biography Carcamo Juan G is currently working as Professor in Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 104 Xinhai Wang et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Development and growth from newly settled first crab stage to sexual maturation and observation on reproductive biology of the Harlequin Anemone Crab Lissocarcinus laevis Xinhai Wang and Chaoshu Zeng James Cook University, Australia
he harlequin anemone crab, Lissocarcinus laevis, is a high value marine ornamental species but has never been captive bred Tpreviously. This study monitored the development and growth of captive bred L. laevis individually from newly settled first stage crab (C1) till egg production in females at crab stage 6 (C6) in laboratory. The crabs were kept at 26.5°C±2°C and salinity of 34, they were fed frozen mysis shrimp, brine shrimp, prawns and mussel meat to situation daily and their molting, growth and morphological changes observed and recorded. The results showed that the average duration of crab stage C1 to C6 of L. laeviswas 6.4, 8.4, 12.5, 15.4, 18.0 and 22.3 days, respectively. Over the period, the average carapace length (CL) and width (CW) of the crabs increased from 3.1 ± 0.2 mm to 11.0 ± 1.3 mm and 3.2 ± 0.3 mm to 12.9 ± 1.6mm, respectively. The correlation between CL(y) and CW (x) can be expressed by the equation y=0.5+0.81x. Sexual dimorphism became apparent at the 3rd crab stage (C3). When male and female were put together, the mating behavior was observed at the 5th crab stage onward and the females were found spawning and carrying eggs at 6th crab stage. The copulation between male and female crabs on average lasted 2.5 minutes and female crabs normally spawned in 2-4 days after mating. The color of newly laid eggs were orange in color but gradually become dark-brown and dark grey after 8-9 days and hatching occurred in 10-12 days after spawning. The female crabs normally laid a new batch of eggs in 2-3 hours after larval hatching.
Biography Xinhai Wang completed his Master degree in 1982, Assistant professor. His research is mainly in Breeding and developmental biology of aquatic animals.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 105 Olumide A Odeyemi et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Population density, antibiotics resistance and biofilm formation of Vibrio species isolated from aquatic sources Olumide A Odeyemi1 and Asmat Ahmad2 1University of Tasmania, Australia 2University of Malaysia, Malaysia
amples of sea water and sediment were collected from different locations in Kedah and Perlis. Samples were serially diluted Sand plated on Thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) agar for occurrence and population densities. Twenty four presumptive Vibrio were randomly selected further identified using both biochemical and molecular methods. Hierarchical clustering analysis of the bacteria was based virulence factors and antibiotic resistance profiles. Results obtained from this study showed that Vibrio species isolated from sea water was highest in Sungai Pial (1.62 x 108 CFU/mL). However, Pulau Bunting had the highest population density of Vibrio (1.4 x 108 CFU/mL) isolated from sediment. It was also observed that Vibrio species isolated from sea water was highest in Kampong Sungai Baru (1.45 x 108 CFU/mL). Sungai Padang had the highest population density of Vibrio (2.64 x 108 CFU/mL) isolated from sediment. There was no significant difference in term of population between seawater and sediment from the areas (df =10, t=-0.756, p > 0.05).
Biography Olumide A Odeyemi is currently a doctoral (PhD) candidate at the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Australia. He had background in microbiology from Nigeria and completed his masters in marine science majoring in aquatic microbiology and biotechnology at the National University of Malaysia. He also worked as Graduate Research Assistant at the same university prior to commencing his doctoral study at University of Tasmania. His research interest focuses on predictive food microbiology, aquatic microbiology, microbial food safety, host-pathogen interaction, sustainable aquaculture, Aquaponics, seafood safety and quality. He has published papers and presented at conferences in his research areas of interest.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 106 Jialong Gao et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Metal accumulation in Mizuhopecten yessoensis and purification of the related metal-binding proteins from digestive gland Jialong Gao, Shoichiro Ishizaki and Yuji Nagashima Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Japan
arine pollution caused by heavy metals has become an increasing problem in recent decades and yet the mechanisms Mof detoxification in marine invertebrates remain largely unknown. Many researches have proved previously that metal- binding proteins called metallothioneins (MTs) play a key role in the biochemical detoxification of toxic metals. However, MTs from scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis have not been reported. To understand whether M. yessoensis possesses MTs or some other metal-binding proteins, the scallops were exposed to artificial seawater containing Cd, Cu, or Pb for up to 10 days at different exposure period, the Cd, Cu and Pb concentrations in different tissues of scallops were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Metalloproteins in the digestive gland were extracted by Tris-HCl (pH 8.6) and purified by cold acetone. The precipitations were further subjected to gel-filtration and followed by anion-exchange chromatography. Finally, the isolated proteins were characterized preliminary by amino acid sequence analysis. Results showed that the scallops accumulated higher concentration of Cd than Cu and Pb and most of metals were detected in the digestive gland. The metalloprotein profiles in digestive gland showed that some proteins were up-regulated after exposure and three of them with a molecular mass of about 25, 37 and 42 kDa were successfully isolated by gel-filtration and anion-exchange column chromatography. N-terminal amino acid sequences of them showed high similarity with some metal-binding proteins and ion-transporters. It is reasonable to assume that the mechanisms of metal accumulation and detoxification in M. yessoensis are related to these proteins. The primary structures analysis of the three proteins is now in progress.
Biography Jialong Gao earned his Master Degree in Guangdong Ocean University of China and then worked in Food Science and Technology Department in the same university. Now, he is a Doctor Course Student of Applied Marine Biosciences Course in Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Japan. He focuses on the accumulation and detoxification mechanisms of heavy metals in marine bivalves.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 107 Irfan Ambas et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Survival and immunity of marron (Cherax cainii, AUSTIN 2002) fed Bacillus mycoides supplemented diet under simulated transport Irfan Ambas1,3, Ravi Fotedar1 and Nicky Buller2 1Curtin University, Australia 2Animal Health Laboratories, Australia 3Universitat Hasanuddin, Indonesia
he present study examined survival, total haemocyte count (THC), bacteraemia and clotting time of marron (Cherax cainii, TAUSTIN 2002) under simulated transport after three months feeding trial using basal and probiotic, Bacillus mycoides supplemented diets. Each treatment group consist of six polystyrene boxes (65x30x40 cm3) and each box contains ten marrons (10.5±0.35g) from each feeding group. Packing steps following standard packing for live transportation of marron. The sealed boxes were place on a trolley at room temperature to give transportation effects. Boxes were opened at 48th and 72nd hours post packing where marron from each treatment group was returned to the culture tank after temperature acclimation. Samples for marron immunity were also observed and the survival of marron was recorded 24 hour after returning to the culture tanks. The results demonstrated that survival of probiotic fed marron significantly higher (100±0.0%) at 48 hour and 72 hour post simulated transportation compared to survival (83.3±8.16%) of basal diet fed marron. Immune status of probiotic fed marron was also improved indicated with higher THC, lower bacteraemia level and shorter haemolymph clotting time.
Biography Irfan Ambas is a Senior Lecturer at the Department of Fishery, Hasanuddin University, Makassar South Sulawesi, Indonesia. He completed his Master of Science (MSc) Degree at School of Ocean Sciences, University College of North Wales (UCNW) UK in 1995 and currently undertaking PhD degree in Aquaculture, Department of Environment and Agriculture Curtin University, Australia. He published his research articles on Fish and Shellfish Immunity Journal, Journal of Fish Diseases, Fisheries Science, Journal of “The World Aquaculture Society” etc.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 108 Mohammad Ali Jafari, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Osmoregulatory function of gut in Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) from Caspian Sea Mohammad Ali Jafari Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
smoregulation is one of the most important links between environmental change and physiological response in fishes. OGut as an osmoregulatory organ plays an important role in fishes. The study examined the presence of +NA /K+- ATPase in different parts of juvenile Sander lucioperca (gut and pyloric caeca) digestive system. Experiment was done on fish with average 2 g weight. 3 fishes captured, sacrificed and immediately gastrointestinal tract fixed by immersion into Bouin solution for histology. Then, the samples were placed in paraffin. 4 µm sections of samples were provided for Hematoxiline-Eosin staining. Immunolocalization of NA+/K+- ATPase was done by fluorescent microscope. This study provided evidence that sander lucioperca have 6 to 9 pyloric caeca with highly immunofluorescence of NA+/K+- ATPase in the baso-lateral parts of their entrocytes. Gut also has immunofluorescence, but the role of pyloric caeca is more important than gut in osmoregulation.
Biography Mohammad Ali Jafari completed his Bachelor’s degree in marine biology in 2010 at the University of Tonekabon in Iran. Now, he is master student of marine biology in Tarbiat Modares University in Tehran, Iran. He works on fish osmoregulation and coral reef age and coral reef bioeroders in Persian Gulf Islands.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 109 Heng Wang, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
The major yolk protein in sea urchin egg yolk granules is a glycoprotein complex Heng Wang Hokkaido University, Japan
ajor yolk protein (MYP), a glycoprotein identified as the most abundant yolk granule protein in sea urchin eggs. To Mexamine the general or unique structure of the MYP stored in the egg (EGMYP), we purified EGMYP from two different species sea urchins of the genus Strongylocentrotus intermedius and S. nudus with the same purification process, and decided the protein structures of EGMYP. We assessed the purity of EGMYP by Disc-PAGE and immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) for further experiments. The molecular weights of two native EGMYP on gel filtration were 595 and 625 kDa, respectively. Moreover, under reducing condition, both SDS-PAGE and western blotting analysis revealed EGMYP of S. intermedius with four bands (approximately 172, 116, 74 and 68 kDa), as well as for EGMYP of S. nudus a set of bands ranging from 175 to 58 kDa (approximately 175, 165, 153, 115, 102, 90, 78, 65 and 58 kDa). We also isolated yolk granules from eggs with sucrose density ultracentrifugation to keep EGMYP intact, and detected the structures of EGMYP in yolk granules of two sea urchin. In conclusion, the general EGMYP stored in the eggs of sea urchin is a glycoprotein complex, however their unique structures are variant in different sea urchins even though that in the same genus.
Biography Heng Wang completed her Master degree from Dalian Ocean University, China, and now she has her PhD course of Aquaculture Biology in Hokkaido University, Japan. She focuses on the studies of the major yolk protein in sea urchin.
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Page 110 Okechukwu Emmanuel Ogueji, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Chlorpyrifos-ethyl: An organophosphate insecticide Okechukwu Emmanuel Ogueji Federal University, Nigeria
hlorpyrifos-ethyl, an organophosphate insecticide, was evaluated for its histopathological effects on African catfishClarias Cgariepinus, by light microscopy. Fish was exposed continuously to sublethal concentrations 0.00 (control), 0.045mg/l, 0.096mg/l and 0.192mg/l of chlorpyrifos-ethyl for a period of 8 weeks. The gills and liver samples were removed at two weeks intervals for histological examinations. No histopathological effects were observed in the control group. The histopathological alterations were characterized as oedema, occlusion of interlamella spaces, lamella hyperplasia, mucous cell secretion in the gill; degeneration, Hemosiderosis, sinusoids enlargement, hemorrhage, pyknotic nuclei, vacuolization of cell cytoplasm, infiltration of mono and polymorphonuclear leukocytes and RBC’s, coagulation necrosis and congestion in the liver. These alterations were dose and duration dependent.
Biography Okechukwu Emmanuel Ogueji is currently working in Department of Biology/Microbiology/Biotechnology, Federal University, Nigeria.
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e-Posters
Aquaculture-2015
Page 113 Grubinko Vasil, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Inclusion of selenium in lipids Chlorella vulgaris Beij: In vitro Grubinko Vasil Ternopil National Pedagogocal University, Ukraine
nvestigation of sodium selenite inclusion in the structure of freshwater microalgae and the Investigation of the accumulation Iof selenium in the classes of lipids (DAG–dyacylglicerols, TAG–triacylglycerols, PL–phospholipids, LPL–lizophospholipids, NEFA–nonesterification fatty acids) on Chlorella vulgaris. The inclusion of selenium in the lipids of cells Ch. vulgaris was directly proportional to the time and inversely proportional to the concentration. At action of Se4+ in concentration 0.5; 5.0; 10.0 and 20.0 mg/l on the 3rd day of selenium in lipids collected 88%, 50%, 36% and 30%. For the 7th day, the content of selenium in lipids increased by 106% at concentration of 0.5 mg/l; for 178% at 10.0 mg/l; for 33% at 20.0 mg/l, decreased by 5% at action of 5.0 mg/l of Se4+. The most active accumulation of Se4+ classes of lipids occurred on the 7th day of the experiment with addition of Se4+ at concentrations of 0.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mg/l. TAG accumulated a large amount of selenium throughout the experiment compared with the NEFA, DAG, PL and LPL. The results of the analyzed studies are indicative of the possibility of accumulation of selenium by microalgae in large quantities followed by its inclusion into intracellular macromolecular compounds. This can be regarded as a mechanism for detoxification and as a means of retaining selenium by algae cells. Besides, it has been noted that selenium enriched algae biomass can be used effectively as the most productive object for biologically activity additives and articles of food.
Biography Grubinko Vasil is a Doctor of Science, Professor, Biochemist and Ecotoxicologist. He is graduated from biochemistry department, Ternopil Pedagogical University. He worked for Institute hydrobiology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine. Since 1998, he became the Chief of department of General Biology, Ternopil Pedagogical University. Till now he has published more than 400 papers. He was selected as an academician of Ukrainian Academy of Ecological Sciences. In the recent years he has focused on the researches of molecular behavior of the biological systems in a toxic environment and got some important success.
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Page 114 Kurant Volodymyr Z et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
The evaluation of the metals toxicity in water using the lipid ratio Kurant Volodymyr Z, Senyk Y I, Khomenchuk V O, Byyak V Ya and Hrubinko V V Ternopil National Pedagogical University, Ukraine
ipids and fatty acids perform important functions in cellular metabolism and play a significant role in biochemical Ladaptation of fish including toxins of ecosystems. These lipids are not only sources of energy in the body but are essential structural components of cell membranes. The changes in lipid composition of cell tissues of some fish can be used as a specific indicator of metal ions toxicity present in the aquatic environment. For these purposes we proposed “Method of evaluation of the toxicity of the water using the lipid ratio” which is calculated by the following ratio: Phosphatidylethanolamine + Lysophosphatidylcholine + Free fatty acids K = Phosphatidylcholine + Sphingomyelin + Triglyceride + Cholesterol The numerator of the formula is the sum of lipid parameters causing violations in the structure of cell membranes and increases its permeability. This is because the lysophosphatidyl choline and free fatty acids have detergent properties and accumulation phosphatidyl ethanolamine with decreasing of phosphatidyl choline content damages the lipid bilayer structure. In the denominator there are indicators of lipid content contributing to the maintenance of the functional structure of the membrane in normal state, its condensation, reducing permeability to metal ions and protection from the pathological action of ROS and lysosomal lipases. The increase in the coefficient compared with control values indicates the formation of an adaptive response of cells through the cell membrane condensation and reduce its permeability. Instead, the reducing of its value indicates the pathological state of membranes due to changes in the structure of the lipid bilayer and lipid accumulation with detergent properties.
Biography Kurant Volodymyr Z is currently working in Ternopil National Pedagogical University, Ukraine.
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Page 115 Farramae Francisco, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Deproteination and demineralization of shrimp waste using lactic acid bacteria for chitin and chitosan production Farramae Francisco University of the Philippines, Philippines
hitin and chitosan are valuable natural biopolymers which attracted attention due to their biomedical applications and Ccan be extracted from crustacean shells through chemical and microbial processes. In this study, deproteination and demineralization efficiencies of shrimp waste using two Lactobacillus species treated with different carbohydrate sources for chitin production, its chemical conversion to chitosan and the quality of chitin and chitosan produced were determined. Using 5% glucose and 5% cassava starch as carbohydrate sources, pH slightly increased from the initial pH of 6.0 to 6.8 and 7.2, respectively after 24 h and maintained their pH at 6.7 to 7.3 throughout the treatment period. Demineralization (%) in 5% glucose and 5% cassava was highest during the first day of treatment which was 82% and 83%, respectively. Deproteination (%) was highest in 5% cassava starch on the 3rd day of treatment at 84.4%. The obtained chitin from 5% cassava and 5% glucose had a residual ash and protein below 1% and solubility of 59% and 44.3%, respectively. Chitosan produced from 5% cassava and 5% glucose had protein content below 0.05%; residual ash was 1.1% and 0.8%, respectively. Chitosan solubility and degree of deacetylation were 56% and 33% in 5% glucose and 48% and 29% in 5% cassava, respectively. The advantage this alternative technology offers over that of chemical extraction is large reduction in chemicals needed thus less effluent production and generation of a protein-rich liquor, although the demineralization process should be improved to achieve greater degree of deacetylation.
Biography Farramae Francisco completed her Bachelor’s degree in Fisheries in 2012 at the University of the Philippines Visayas. She recently finished her graduate studies in the same university under the full time scholarship of Department of Science and Technology-Accelerated Science and Technology Human Resources Department Program (DOST-ASTHRDP) with the degree Master of Science in Fisheries, Major in Fish Processing Technology.
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Page 116 Seema Jain et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Effect of Curcuma longa on non-specific immunological profile of Indian snakehead Channa punctatus infected with Aeromonas hydrophila Seema Jain, Manu Varma and Shobhna Chaudhary Charan Singh University, India
urcumin an orange yellow phytochemical hydrophobic and polyphenolic compound of turmeric (Curcuma longa, Linn.) Chas been known to be a potent immunomodulatory agent in many animal species. The aim of our study is to evaluate the immunomodulatory properties and disease resistance against the opportunistic pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila in Channa punctatus. Fishes were challenged intraperitoneally with a dose of Aeromonas hydrophila (1×108 cells/ml). Control and Immuno-compromised fishes were given three different doses of curcumin viz., 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg and 1.5 mg/100 gm of body weight respectively. Treated fishes were sacrificed on 3rd, 5th, 7th and 10th day after the dose was given and various non specific immune parameters were assessed viz., Percentage Phagocytosis, Phagocytic index, lysozyme assay, Bactericidal activity and Superoxide anion production. All the non-specific immune parameters were enhanced significantly but the maximum enhancement was seen on the fifth day with the dose of 1.0 mg/100 gm body weight and the same dose also showed maximum disease resistance as compared to other two doses.
Biography Seema Jain is currently working in Chaudhary Charan Singh University, India.
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Page 117 Shweta Dhindhwal, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Distribution of putative dopaminergic neurons and identification of D2 receptors in the brain of freshwater Murrel, Channa Punctatus Shweta Dhindhwal University of Delhi, India
opamine is an essential neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of all vertebrates and plays an important role in Dmany processes such as motor function, learning and behavior, and sensory activity. One of the important functions of dopamine is release of pituitary hormones. It is synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine. Two types of dopamine receptors, D1-like and D2-like, have been reported in fish. The dopamine containing neurons are located in the olfactory bulbs, the ventral regions of the pre-optic area and tuberal hypothalamus. Distribution of the dopaminergic system has not been studied in the murrel, Chhanapunctatus. The present study deals with identification of D2 rceptors in the brain of murrel. A phylogenetic tree has been constructed using partial sequence of D2 receptor. Distribution of putative dopaminergic neurons in the brain has been investigated. Also formalin induced hypertrophy of neurosecretory cells in murrel has been studied.
Biography Shweta Dhindhwal is a Junior Research Fellow at Zoology Department, University of Delhi. She obtained her Bachelor’s and Master’s degree in Zoology from Hindu College, University of Delhi. She earned her M.Phil degree in Fish Endocrinology from Zoology Department, University of Delhi, where she worked on Dopaminergic system in the brain of the freshwater murrel, Channa punctatus. She has qualified Joint CSIR-UGC Test for Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) and Eligibility for Lectureship (NET) in Life Sciences with an all India Rank-64. She has a special interest in characterization and distribution of Dopaminergic System in the Brain of Fish, role of dopamine in Reproduction and its regulation via steroidal feedback.
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Page 118 291st OMICS International Conference International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Pre-Conference Workshop Abstracts Development of New Aquaculture Opportunities for New Zealand: Funding, Species and Strategies (Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand)
Aquaculture-2015
Page 119 Dung V Le et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Geoduck aquaculture potential in New Zealand Dung V Le and Andrea C Alfaro Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
eoduck species (Panopea spp.) is the largest burrowing extant clam in the world. Geoduck is currently sold at $15-$20 GUSD per kg landing value and four to five times higher in restaurants. Two species of geoduck which have been found in New Zealand are Panopea zelandica and P. smithae. Known populations of P. smithae are very rare while P. zelandica are found in several places. P. zelandica has been harvested at Golden Bay since 1900s, however due to the unknown population size in Golden Bay and the low-density estimates in other areas, the big scale of geoduck fishery in New Zealand might be not suitable. Hence, aquaculture of geoduck might offer better management of the supply and quality control. Geoduck has been identified as a new potential species to add to the country’s aquaculture exports which are expected to reach NZ $1 billion by 2025. However, the viable knowledge to develop geoduck aquaculture is very limited. Before 2010 we only knew where P. zelandica distributed when they spawned in the wild and the larvae were able to survive in the lab. Since 2010 the collaboration research group between Auckland University of Technology and Cawthron Institute investigated in broodstock conditioning, larval rearing, spat nursery and juvenile grow-out. Up to 2015 we achieved to condition geoduck broodstock in the hatchery and to produce geoduck seeds at small scale. Still, a lot of aspects need to be addressed before a commercial aquaculture operation could happen such as environmental impact assessments for culturing and harvesting and grow-out methods.
Biography Dung V Le is a current PhD candidate at Auckland University of Technology under Professor Andrea C Alfaro’s supervision. He has completed his Bachelor degree in Aquaculture Engineer at NhaTrang University, Vietnam and MSc degree in aquaculture nutrition at National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan. He has been a researcher at Research Institute for Aquaculture No.1 and Geoduck farmer in Vietnam before devoting his time in New Zealand geoduck.
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Page 120 J Andrew Forsythe, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Aquaculture is business J Andrew Forsythe National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd, New Zealand
quaculture is a global business with forecasts indicating that 60% of fish for human consumption will be farmed by 2030. AWhile there has been keen interest in growing aquaculture in New Zealand, we have struggled to achieve this either through expansion of, or diversification beyond mussels, salmon and oysters. On one hand, we have enthusiastic researchers driven to learn how to grow new species or produce established species in new ways. On the other, we have industry whose unwavering need is to ensure that investment in innovation adds to the bottom line in a timely manner. Our focus as aquaculture researchers need to be on how we seamlessly integrate those two components of commercialization. This presentation will discuss NIWA’s approach to bridging that gap and recognizing that the big challenges to new species development for sustainable economic development of aquaculture are rarely technical. First and foremost we must determine if there a credible underpinning business case for the endeavor. As a prerequisite then we put considerable effort into understanding the market and product placement estimating what will the farmer will actually receive at the point of sale and forecasting what it will really cost to produce and deliver the product to the point of sale. Only then can we go on to ask what the science gaps are and what will it plausibly cost to span that gap and determine if the business case is sufficiently compelling to justify the planned R&D.
Biography J Andrew Forsythe came to NIWA in 2005 with more than 20 years of aquaculture industry experience from North America and Europe. His career includes six years as a Freshwater Production Manager and Veterinarian with Marine Harvest Canada, five years as an Aquaculture Veterinarian with Skretting Canada and 14 years as a Technical Consultant and Researcher on the Design and Operation of Aquaculture Facilities exploring water quality control in for intensive eel culture, developing systems for lobster holding and culture systems and aqua feeds manufacture. He has proven industry leadership both in fish health and in production management.
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Page 121 Helen Mussely, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
New aquaculture opportunities from the Cawthron Institute Helen Mussely Cawthron Institute, New Zealand
t the Cawthron Institute new aquaculture species research is being carried out under our ‘Cultured Shellfish Program A(geoduck and flat oysters) and ‘Revolutionising the Scampi Fishery’ both of which are being funded by MBIE. Seafood Innovations Ltd has also funded a flat oyster commercialization project with Cawthron and Kono. The New Zealand flat oyster (Tiostrea chilensis) is already being farmed in small quantities by several companies. The Cultured Shellfish Program aims to enable an export-sized industry through establishing a selective breeding program and developing triploid technology for the species. Geoduck species are farmed successfully overseas but in New Zealand our regulatory environment means that we need to look at alternative farming methods. The Cawthron work on the New Zealand geoduck species (Panopea zelandica) has focused on the production of juveniles and subsequent grow-out trials. Scampi (Metanephrops challengeri) aquaculture research is in its infancy with very little known about the biology of the species. They have so far focused on bringing berried females from the trawl fishery into are circulating aquaculture facility holding them until the eggs hatch and rearing larvae.
Biography Helen Mussely is a Scientist within the Aquaculture Group and has worked on a number of aquaculture-related projects. She has a background in commercial hatchery production, bivalve reproductive biology and bioeconomic modelling. She has carried out several feasibility assessments for potential aquaculture ventures from land- based to open ocean. She is currently program manager for MBIE funded Cultured Shellfish Program as well as Project Manager for several other Cawthron aquaculture projects.
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Page 122 W Lindsey White, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Seaweed farming in NZ: An invasive species the first cab off the rank? W Lindsey White Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
ndaria pinnatifida is an invasive seaweed species that was accidentally introduced to New Zealand in the 1980s by Uinternational shipping. It has been classified as an unwanted organism by Biosecurity NZ and has heavily infested mussel farms throughout New Zealand. Native to the cold-temperate coasts of Japan, Korea and China, U. pinnatifida is farmed extensively in Asia and generates in excess of US $2 billion per annum primarily through sales as a human food. In 2009 in recognition of the fact that this seaweed had already heavily infested some areas and that it has considerable financial value, Biosecurity NZ changed the regulations to allow harvest of U. pinnatifida from artificial structures and farming in some areas. Implications of this will be discussed.
Biography W Lindsey White is an Associate Professor completed his PhD at the University of Auckland in 2001. He was awarded a three-year Post-Doctoral Fellowship from the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology and in 2004 took up a position as Senior Lecturer in the School of Applied Science at Auckland University of Technology (AUT). He is currently Head of the School of Inter Professional Health Studies at AUT. His research interests are in aquaculture and fisheries. The utilization of seaweeds both by humans and by marine herbivores has been a large focus of his work. In terms of human seaweed utilization, he is interested in seaweed farming both understanding and limiting the environmental impacts of seaweed farming. To examine plant-herbivore interactions he has employed a nutritional ecology perspective entailing a synthesis of information about both the algae and the herbivore. He is also interested in the uses of other marine organisms and recently has been focusing on NZ surf clams. In this regard he has brought together an interdisciplinary team of scientists to carry out research to support the growth of the fisheries of these animals including food science, bioactives research and biology and ecology.
[email protected] [email protected]
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Page 123 Mike Mandeno, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Seafood innovations: Aquaculture funding opportunities Mike Mandeno Seafood Innovations Limited, New Zealand
eafood Innovations Limited (SIL) is a research partnership funded by MBIE under the partnership scheme and owned by SSeafood New Zealand and Plant and Food Research. In this presentation they will outline: The aim and objectives of SIL; SIL’s research priorities; the sorts of project we invest in; some of our current projects and how to successfully apply for SIL funding.
Biography Mike Mandeno has completed his MSc in Marine Science at Otago University in 1999. Since then he has held positions at Sanford Limited, Aquaculture New Zealand Cawthron Institute. He is the General Manager of Seafood Innovations Limited.
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Page 124 Toby Littin, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Aquaculture funding from the Ministry of business, innovation and employment and Callaghan Innovation Toby Littin Callaghan Innovation, New Zealand
n this paper the author will present funding opportunities from MBIE and Callaghan Innovation for aquaculture ventures Iin New Zealand. Biography Toby Littin is the National Manager of the Customer Managers at Callaghan Innovation. He has over 15 years experience in Senior Management in high-tech & clean-tech companies spanning Asia & Australia. He has founded and sold three technology ventures in the energy space. He now specialises in venture investment management backed by a passion for commercialization and innovation and is an active angel investor. Immediately prior to Callaghan Innovation he ran a boutique venture capital fund investing in Oil & Gas, Marine, Hi-Tech, IT & Renewable Energy. He has strong governance capability, currently sitting as a Non-Executive Board Member on several technology businesses including software, energy storage and solar power generation.
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Page 125 Anna Crosbie, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
The Ministry for primary industries role in aquaculture Anna Crosbie Ministry of Primary Industries, New Zealand
he Ministry for primary industries plays an enabling and growth role in aquaculture through its Aquaculture Unit which Tis tasked with implementing the Government’s Aquaculture Strategy and five-year action plan. The Ministry also manages the Sustainable Farming Fund, Aquaculture Planning Fund and Primary Growth Partnership. The author will give an overview of the work the Aquaculture Unit is delivering under the Aquaculture Growth Strategy as well as an overview of the funding programs the aquaculture industry can apply to in its drive to commercialize new species.
Biography Anna Crosbie has completed her Masters Degree in Urban Design and worked in the UK for fifteen years in public-private partnerships delivering a range of urban regeneration and regional economic development outcomes. On returning to NZ she worked in climate change and urban planning before joining the Ministry for Primary Industries in 2012. She works for the Ministry’s Sector Partnership and Programs Branch and works with a range of aquaculture industry stakeholders to deliver a range of projects including a work program on Social License to Operate, the Fisheries and Aquaculture Research Series of Technical Days, the Aquaculture Research Forum and bi-lateral workshops such as the NZ-US Ocean Acidification and Shellfish Aquaculture Workshop (2013) and the Trans-Tasman Oyster Knowledge Exchange Workshop (2015).
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Page 126 Leonardo N Zamora Allendes, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Current state of the echinoderm aquaculture industry in New Zealand Leonardo N Zamora Allendes The University of Auckland, New Zealand
chinoderms such as sea urchins and sea cucumbers have been consumed all over the world for many years. They are Ehighly valuable seafood which has led to the over exploitation of many wild stocks. In the past few decades, aquaculture of echinoderms has become a viable alternative to cope with the high international market demand and also to reduce pressure on wild populations. In New Zealand there are two species that are currently included in the quota management system, the sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus and the sea cucumber Australostichopus mollis. In addition, in northern New Zealand there are two sea urchin species which are not commercially fished but have commercial potential. Despite their commercial potential, the aquaculture of echinoderms in New Zealand is currently at an experimental level with huge room for development in all stages of production and the processing of the final product. The main areas that require improvement are the development of hatchery technology and grow-out alternatives including the formulation of adequate artificial diets. Of particular interest is the feasibility of including both sea cucumber and sea urchinsas extractive species into integrated multi-trophic aquaculture systems. Therefore, incorporating these species into the existing shellfish and finfish farms in New Zealand would not only reduce the environmental impact of these industries but also would add a valuable secondary crop.
Biography Leonardo N Zamora Allendes is a Scientist at the University of Auckland who has worked on the Aquaculture and Biology of NZ sea cucumbers for the past 4 years. From the beginning of his career he has focused on understanding the biology of marine invertebrates particularly echinoderms with commercial potential. Most of his research has been presented at specialized conferences and published in international peer-reviewed journals. He is keen to work with the aquaculture industry to develop new opportunities for echinoderm culture in New Zealand.
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Page 127 Paul Decker, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Freshwater aquaculture in New Zealand-eels, whitebait and carp Paul Decker Mahurangi Technical Institute, New Zealand
he state of freshwater aquaculture in New Zealand primarily with eels, whitebait and 2 species of carp is summarised and Tit’s potential to fulfill the Government’s goal of establishing a $1 billion aquaculture industry by 2025 is reviewed. The pros and cons of the range of species with commercial potential are presented and the lack of progress in fish farm development is questioned. The main impediment is related to governmental procrastination in making necessary changes to legislation that will allow or encourage the development of a land based aquaculture industry; the industry that Government claims to support. The complex raft of permissions and consents required for holding, transporting, processing and selling fish and all those required for using land, establishing farm infrastructure and taking and discharging water are discussed along with their costs. The difficulties of coping with natural problems such as weather, climate, disease in a monoculture, predation, siltation and maintaining water quality in rural areas are highlighted. Also, commercial aspects of establishing sufficient stock, meeting predictable demand, marketing to establish a viable commercial demand and financing the lead time-several years- to build stock numbers are all addressed along with the onerous task of meeting the Government’s monitoring and reporting requirements. The Crown’s responsibilities for both environmental protection and preserving the rights of public access and use are discussed in relation to the current restrictive licensing tenure of all land based fish farms and the alternatives required to promote aquaculture are considered.
Biography Paul Decker has broad experience in all aspects of aquaculture. Initially recruited to New Zealand in 1983 as Manager of NZ’s largest freshwater fish farm, he has subsequently owned and operated oyster farms, a freshwater fish farm, commercial fishing vessels and facilities for fish breeding, culture and quarantine. His environmental consultancy company specialises in aquatic ecosystems and population monitoring and oversees fish transfers and the related Environment Impact Assessments (EIAs). He is experienced in all aspects of compliance. In 1989 he established Mahurangi Technical Institute, NZ’s largest aquaculture and maritime training facility where he maintains a ‘hands-on’ involvement in fish breeding and culturing.
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Page 128 291st OMICS International Conference International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Pre-Conference Workshop Abstracts Recent Progress in Utilization of Algae (National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan)
Aquaculture-2015
Page 129 Shann-Tzong Jiang, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Effects of cellulase hydrolysis and probiotic fermentation on the functionality of Chlorella Shann-Tzong Jiang National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan
he utilization and bioactive compounds of algal polysaccharides are much concerned in the pharmaceutical, food, and Ttextile industries. However, their utilizations are limited because of their high resistance of cellulosic cell walls. Rigid cell walls of Chlorella species have been shown to contain mannose as a major sugar component. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cellulases and proteases hydrolysis and subsequently LAB fermentation on the release of nutrients of Chlorella. The suppression on the pro-inflammatory factors against lipo polysaccharide induced phagocytic cells by the hydrolyzed chlorella and LAB fermented hydrolysates were also evaluated. According to the data obtained, hydrolysis with cellulase and protease at 50o C made the lutein, chlorophyll, reducing sugar, and peptides released, suggesting obvious lysis of cell walls occurred. When chlorella hydrolysate was further fermented with Lactobacillus johnsonii BCRC 17010 or L. plantarum subsp. BCRC 10069 at 37oC for 24hr, the essential amino acids increased from 512 to 1475-2337 mg/100 g. More than 75% of NO and 66% of O2- productions in LPS-RAW 264.7 cells were inhibited by cellulase/protease hydrolyzed and 24hr L. plantarum fermented hydrolysate. Both L. johnsonii and L. plantarum fermented hydrolysates could depress the tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). In conclusion, lysis of chlorella cell walls by cellulase and proteases made the lutein, chlorophyll, reducing sugar, and peptides released. Cellulase/protease hydrolyzed chlorella and further 24hr L. plantarum fermented hydrolyzate could increase the essential amino acids, depress the tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and inhibit NO and O2- productions in LPS-RAW 264.7 cells, suggesting that hydrolysis and further LAB fermentation can improve the nutrition value of Chlorella and subsequently be used in healthy food.
Biography Shann-Tzong Jiang earned his Master degree from Tokyo University of Fisheries, Japan and PhD from University of Rhode Island, USA. He is a Fellow of the International Academy of Food Science & Technology and National Endowed Chair Professor of the Ministry of Education of Taiwan. He is currently working at the Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, and at Providence University as Senior Vice President. He has published more than 170 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as Editorial Board Member of several repute journals.
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Page 130 Chang Jer Wu, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
The inhibitory effects of algae sulfated polysaccharide extracts on influenza A virus (H1N1) infections Chang Jer Wu National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan
n this century, the health of human will be challenged by the newly emerged infectious disease such as SARS, AIDS and IAvian flu. Hence, there is an urgent need for new treatments against viral infectious diseases. Influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by infection with influenza virus. Outbreaks of the infection are very common throughout the world and these results in significant morbidity in the general population and in increased mortality in high risk patients. Recently, a number of investigators have found that the extracts of seaweed present a broad range of biological activities. Consequently, we studied the effects of brown seaweed (Undaria pinnatifida) extracts on influenza A virus (H1N1) infection. This study investigated that Undaria pinnatifida extracts for inhibiting influenza A virus infection onin vitro and in vivo model. In vitro cell assay, the sequence of Undaria pinnatifida extracts treatment are according to the adsorption step of virus infection; then divide into virus adsorption and before virus adsorption (pre-treatment) and after virus adsorption (post-treatment). We use plaque assay, viral RNA expression (real-time PCR) and immune fluorescence assay to study the protective effects of Undaria pinnatifida extracts. The Undaria pinnatifida extracts also have good effects on antioxidant. In vivo, the 6 weeks-old BALB/c mice were injected intra nasally with lethal doses influenza virus and then were observed for symptoms of viral infection and death every day for 14 days. In vitro cell assay, the better inhibition effect of virus adsorption on influenza virus infection is before virus adsorption stage. In BALB/c mice animal model, the 6 weeks-old mice infected with lethal doses influenza virus and the mortality rate is 80-100%. The mice pre-treatment Undaria pinnatifida extracts before virus infection, the mortality rate of these mice are effectively reduced. The seaweed polysaccharide extracts also effectively decrease the lung injury in the H1N1-infected mice. In summary, the Undaria pinnatifida extracts show a protective effect against influenza virus infection on both in cell and animal experiment. Undaria pinnatifida extract may be an ideal candidate worthwhile to develop into anti- influenza virus agents.
Biography Chang Jer Wu is current Professor in the Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan.
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Page 131 Chun-Wei Cheh, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
The pre-clinical studies of microalgae extract on application of infectious disease Chun-Wei Cheh Far East Bio-Tec Co., Ltd., Taiwan
he extracts of Spirulina platensis were evidenced to have antiviral activity on HIV or EV71 in previous studies, therefore Twe examined the anti-influenza efficacy of cold water extract from Spirulina platensis, FE-L-APO, the API of Apomivir® for an alternative drug development since influenza viruses are highly mutant to induce resistance to prevalence chemical compounds. The plaque forming reduction assay reveal the 1.5 mg/ml of FE-L-APO will each reduce the 50 to 70% of plaque forming various influenza virus strains. The time-of-addition assay and HAI (hemagglutination inhibition assay) test indicate the water extract of Spirulina platensis significantly deactivated influenza virus at early stage of viral replication cycle in vitro. In vivo study, administering 10 to 100 mg/kg/day of the Spirulina platensis extract to Influenza A and B infected mice twice daily for five days can improve the survival rates, severe weight loss (>30%), and pre-administrating 100 mg/kg/day of the extracts to influenza virus infected mice for 7 days also showed the prophylactic efficacy on weight loss. The water extract ofSpirulina platensis, FE-L-APO can deactivate broad spectrum of influenza viruses in vitro, and can alleviate the level of severe weight loss and improve survival rates of influenza virus infected mice. For long used history and safety of Spirulina platensis, the Spirulina extract might be a good drug candidate for preventing and improving the severe pathogenicity of influenza virus infection.
Biography Chun-Wei Cheh completed his Master of Science degree from Carnegie Mellon University and has worked at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) for a year as a Cancer Immunology Researcher. He is now working as the Special Assistant to President at FEBICO, a company specializes in the research and development of new drug extracted from microalgae.
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Page 132 Hsien Yeh Hsu, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Research on application of fucoidan in tumorigenesis inhibition Hsien Yeh Hsu National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan
ucoidan, as one kind of brown seaweeds-derived polysaccharides exerts anti-tumorigenesis in cancer cells. We recently Fdemonstrated that there is an alternative approach of studying biological anti-cancer function of fucoidan. We found fucoidan inhibits the proliferation, transforming capability, colony formation, mobility, etc. in cancer cells including breast and lung cancers. In xenograft-mice models, we demonstrated that fucoidan inhibits the tumorigenesis, reduces tumor size and metastasis of xenografted breast and lung cancer to tissues/organs in vivo. The mechanisms for fucoidan anti-metastasis are under further investigation. As it known that TGF-β receptors (TGFRs) and mediates related signal transduction pathways play important roles in development of tumors and metastasis; hence, we investigated the effects of fucoidan on TGFRs and other relevant molecules in the development of tumorigenesis. Initially, we found fucoidan effectively reverses TGFR-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) morphological changes. The data indicated that fucoidan decreases TGFRs- mediated Smad/non-Smad signaling pathways in cancer cells. Specifically, our study is the first to identify a novel mechanism for the anti-tumor activity of fucoidan, namely decreasing tumor growth by modulating the TGFR/Smad7/Smurf2-dependent axis in the fucoidan-enhanced ubiquitination proteasome pathway (UPP)-mediated degradation of TGFRs, and inhibition of breast, lung cancer cells progression in vitro and in vivo. The current findings indicate that fucoidan has potential as a therapeutic intervention or dietary supplementation for controlling cancers development.
Biography Hsien Yeh Hsu is a Molecular and Cellular Biologist. He obtained PhD from Cornell University, USA. Later, he worked on biotechnology companies as Senior Scientist and Project Manager in Boston area. In 1993, he became Assistant Professor in Weill Cornell Medical College, NYC. In 1997, he returned to National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan as Associate Professor; he was promoted to be Professor in 2002. Currently, he works at Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, and also as Research Fellow in Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taiwan. He focuses on function of polysaccharides in anti-cancers and dissects the inhibitory mechanisms of cancers in mice model. He engages on examining anti-cancers therapeutic intervention and on developing anti-cancers drugs.
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Page 133 Yi Cheng Huang, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Application of chitosan/fucoidan nanoparticles in oral delivery system Yi Cheng Huang National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan
n designing an effective oral delivery system, the harshness of the gastrointestinal tract is a key limitation. Therefore, Ideveloping a pH-responsive carrier is crucial. We developed novel chitosan/fucoidan nanoparticles (CS/F NPs) using a simple polyelectrolyte self-assembly method and evaluated their potential to be oral delivery carriers. As the CS/F weight ratio was 1/1, the CS/F NPs were spherical and approximately 380nm, revealing significant pH-sensitive properties. The iso-electric point of the CS/F NPs was 5.7. Using gamma scintigraphy, the 99m Tc-methylene diphosphonate encapsulated CS/F NPs were quite stable at pH 2.5 and decomposed at pH 7.4. For long-term storage, trehalose (20% w/v) is a suitable - cryoprotectant. The outcome of the trans-epithelial electric resistance (TEER) of the Caco2 monolayer shows that CS/F NPs effectively enhanced the opening of the cell tight junction. The CS/F NPs also exhibited highly potent antioxidant effects by scavenging 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) reducing the concentration of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide anion (O2−) in stimulated macrophages. The DPPH scavenging effect of CS/F NPs primarily derives from fucoidan. These CS/F NPs activated no host immune cells into inflammation-mediated cytotoxic conditions induced by IL-6 production and NO generation. Gentamicin (GM) an antibiotic was used as a model drug for an in vitro releasing test. The CS/F NPs controlled the release of GM for up to 72 hours with 99% of release. In conclusion, the pH-responsive CS/F NPs with anti-oxidative properties are promising carriers for an oral delivery system.
Biography Yi Cheng Huang completed her BS and MS in Chemistry in National Tsing Hua University and PhD in Biomedical Engineering at National Taiwan University. Her research interests are using marine resources such as chitosan and fucoidan for nano-carriers development and tissue regeneration. She was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan to conduct her researches and has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and got 6 patents.
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Page 134 Jian Kai Tzeng, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Health beneficial effects and the utilization ofChlorella Jian Kai Tzeng Taiwan Chlorella Manufacturing Company, Taiwan
atural “whole food”-Chlorella is a unicellular freshwater green microalgae which contains large quantities of proteins N(~60%), nucleic acid (~4%), chlorophyll (~2.5%) and vitamins (vitamin A, B-12, D), minerals, dietary fiber, essential amino acids and high levels of carotenoids such as β-carotene and lutein. It has been a popular dietary supplement worldwide, especially in Japan, Taiwan and Korea. Many researchers suggest that daily dietary supplementation with Chlorella may produce hypoglycemic effects, reduce high blood pressure, lower serum cholesterol levels, reduces dioxin levels in breast milk and enhance immune functions. It has a lot of benefits for human health. Now Chlorella has been used in food such as noodle, cake, wafer etc. and chlorella water extract CGF (Chlorella Growth Factor) also be added to facial mask and cosmetic.
Biography Jian Kai Tzeng has completed his Master degree from the National Taiwan University School of Pharmacy. He is the Pharmacist of Taiwan Chlorella Manufacturing Company, the first Chlorella manufacturer in Taiwan. He has managed customer service and provided product information for chlorella consumer more than 10 years.
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Page 135 Zwe Ling Kong et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
The ameliorating effects of brown algae extracts on diabetes induced reproductive damage Zwe Ling Kong, Yu Chun Hsu and Christina Wong National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan
Aim: Diabetes is a major problem in the present stress-rich environment by increasing the energy imbalance and disrupting the cross-talk between the endocrine systems. The algae ingredients were investigated toward reproductive protection regarding to diabetes complication. Fucoxanthin 40% rich-brown algae extracts (FXE) were obtained from Sargassum glaucescens of Taiwan. Fucoxanthin has been shown to have good anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity effects and preliminary confirmed the neuro protective effect. Methods: For spermatogenesis evaluation, FXE were given p.o. by gavages after Cisplatin i.p. injection (6 mg/kg body weight) or Strepzotocin-Nicotinamide (STZ-NA) induced diabetes. FXE showed strong efficacy on both assay system of cell culture and animal model. Furthermore, the immuno modulatory functions of fucoidan found in brown algae were also investigated on both cultured cells and animal model. Results: We revealed that the protective function of FXE will be via its immune modulating effects. Furthermore, FXE also showed increasing antioxidant ion and detoxification genes mRNA expression level (Nrf2, HO-1). It is also suggested that FXE (26 mg/kg B.W/day) may ameliorated hypogonadism of diabetic rats through regulation of brain KiSS1/GPR54 system that affect testosterone level. Conclusion: Increasing evidence from the past decade indicates that the previously distinct disciplines of immunology, metabolism and neuron should now be considered as a new field of investigation. This study suggested that brown algae extracts may pay an important role in prevention of diabetes and related infertility via dietary supplement.
Biography Zwe Ling Kong has completed his PhD from Kyushu University, Japan. He is currently the Journal Editorial Board Member of both Cyto technology and Zebra fish. He has been the General Secretary of Taiwan Society of Health Food as well as CEO and Cofounder of Alarvita Biolife Corporation. At present, he is the Chair of Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University and the Chairman of Biotaiwan Foundation.
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Page 136 Pai An Hwang, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.003
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Development of extracting system and process integration technology of brown seaweed functional substance Pai An Hwang Fisheries Research Institute, Taiwan
or the production of goods from brown seaweed to be feasible we should now bring all positive ingredients into full F play. The efficient application of functional substances from brown seaweed is a critical component of the overall cost of production. There are five inventions in our process integration technology, including: 1. Optimization of enzyme extraction of low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan from brown seaweed: The present invention relates generally to extract fucoidan. More particularly, the invention relates to remove heavy metal ions from brown seaweed and method of hydrolysis fucoidan extract into LMW. 2. Optimization extraction of fucoxanthin from brown seaweed and its high-stability aqueous coating: The present invention relates to a coating composition especially relates to an aqueous coating composition with improved stability. 3. Method for preparing healthfood with LMW fucoidan. 4. Method for preparing external using agent with LMW fucoidan. 5. Optimization fermentation of brown seaweed: The invention discloses a brown seaweed residue compost fermentation method for feeding stuffs. Above-mentioned inventions not only can implement alone but also can series connection. All these advances in brown seaweed inventions are expected to lead to the creation of a new genre of seaweed industry.
Biography Pai An Hwang has completed her PhD at the age of 26 years from National Taiwan Ocean University, Department of Food Science. She studies on multiple bioactivities from brown seaweed for 7 years. She has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and has been directing 5 technique transfers.
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Page 137 291st OMICS International Conference International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Accepted Abstracts
Aquaculture-2015
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Production of wild phenotypes under fish culture conditions for liberation into rivers Schreck, Carl B 1, Billman E J, Unrein J, Chitwood R, Whitman L D, Schroeder R K, Sharpe C S, Kimmel C, McGibben N, Brignon B, Munakata A, Cogliati K and Noakes D L G 1Oregon State University, USA
ish culture can be a useful for reestablishing depleted populations of endangered fishes. It is also useful for providing study Fanimals for release into the wild when wild stocks are unavailable for such purposes. We present findings from research on juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Steelhead trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and bull trout Salvelinus confluentus, demonstrating that special diets, feeding strategies, fish densities and temperature in-tank structure are all viable tools that result in phenotypes that match those of wild fish more closely than those reared under typical aquaculture conditions. For example, wild fish can display considerable variation in downstream-movement life history tactics. Chinook salmon reared in circular tanks self-sort into surface and bottom oriented groups starting just after per os feeding begins. Morphometric analysis suggests that the surface phenotype is similar in shape to wild fall migrants and parr from downstream sites. The benthic phenotype fish are similar to wild spring migrants and fish collected concurrently up-river. Bone structure analysis of the head suggests that these differences rest with the jaw. Plasma sodium, gill Na/K ATPase and boldness analyses also revealed early effects of rearing conditions. Behavioral tests found that minute (<0.5oC) temperature decrease results in downstream movement by various species of anadromous salmonids. Similar downstream movement was displayed by surface-oriented laboratory Chinook in the fall (concurrent with timing of the fall out migration of wild Chinook; bottom-oriented Chinook had significantly less movement at this time. We suggest that downstream movement of juveniles soon after emergence is associated with differentiation in the expression of life history variation. This contention is also supported by movement studies in large artificial streams and in a small tributary stream. Structure in rearing tanks also affects performance of bull trout. Fish reared with some simple structure had significantly larger brains, were bolder and were better predators like wild fish that were also tested than fish reared in typical hatchery troughs. Body shape, coloration and fin condition are strongly influenced by feeding tactic, structure and density.
Intensification of salmonid production Asbjørn Bergheim IRIS – International Research Institute of Stavanger, Norway
ommercial scale production of salmon and trout has only lasted for 30-40 years. Over this period, a remarkable progress Ctook place within vital fields, such as genetics, nutrition and medicines, and not, least, a revolution regarding engineering and farm management. This presentation emphasizes intensification attempts of the production from the fry stage to harvest made possible by introduction of new technology and alternative farming regimes. In land-based farming of smolt, launching of oxygen (DO) injection has reduced the water consumption by some 75% and even further to 90% while combining oxygenation
and stripping of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the tanks. Such combined water treatment is indicated ‘partial recirculating aquaculture system (partial RAS)’and is at present the dominating system for smolt production in Norway. A vital contribution is development
of efficient technology removing 60-90% 2CO per flow passage. Fully RAS, also including biofiltration, is rapidly expanding in most salmonid producing countries and is now representing more than half of the total smolt production in Chile. Such highly producing systems means improved sustainability in terms of strongly reduced water consumption and lower effluent loading due to particle removal and sludge utilization. The traditional transfer of smolt (50-100 g) to sea cages is gradually being replaced by production of so-called super-smolt of 500-1,000 g in land-based RAS or in closed floating cages before stocking in open cages. This extended ‘smolt stage’ results in a shorter production cycle, less sea lice and disease problems (e.g., infectious pancreas necrosis) and reduced discharge of feed-based wastes.
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Water quality and fish welfare in closed floating cages for production of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) Arve Nilsen1, Asbjørn Bergheim2, Hildegunn Viljugrein1, Kristoffer Vale Nielsen1 and Martin Haugmo Iversen3 1Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Norway 2IRIS – International Research Institute of Stavanger, Norway 3University of Nordland, Norway
n Norwegian salmon farming, closed floating sea-cages have been introduced as a possible solution to the increasing problems Iwith infestation of sea-lice and as a way to minimize the risk of fish escapes. Closed cages could also make it possible to remove and utilize a substantial part of the solid waste otherwise released directly to the marine environment. It is also expected that more controlled rearing conditions compared to in traditional open cages could lead to better survival and a more effective production. So far, little is known about how to safeguard and optimize the production of fish in such closed floating cages. A pilot project was initiated in spring 2012 stocking a closed cage of 1550 m3 volume with 80 000, 1-year old salmon smolt. We concluded that the closed system was fit to eliminate the problems with sea-lice, and the fish stock demonstrated relatively high survival rate (97.1%), acceptable growth and welfare score. However, the water exchange rate was too low during the end of the cycle in autumn at a fish density of 20 – 25 kg/m3 resulting in reduced water quality and fish welfare. From November 2012 to September 2014, on-growing of Atlantic salmon from sea-transfer to harvest size in closed cages of 3000 m3 was studied and compared to parallel groups in open net-cages. Appearance of sea-lice, fish mortality and causes of mortality, water quality and other fish welfare parameters were frequently monitored. No infestation with sea-lice was detected during 28 months of trials. The survival rate varied between groups, but was generally higher than in the open reference cages. Growth and feed conversion rate was acceptable, but should be further improved. We established a first generation model for the interaction between specific water consumption (Q=l/kg fish/min), feeding intensity (L=g feed/m3 water flow), important water quality parameters, such as
pH, CO2, TAN, suspended solids (SS), and fish welfare in closed cages. [email protected]
The gut-brain axis in fish Brian C Small Southern Illinois University, USA
nterest in the interactions between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system has grown tremendously over Ithe past decade. With the ever increasing number of pre- and pro-biotics being marketed to the aquaculture industry, there is renewed interest in the gut and the role intestinal microbiota play in fish health. It’s commonly thought that gut microbiota modulate biochemical and neuro hormonal signaling pathways between the gut and the brain in vertebrates. Much of these interactions are assumed to be similar in fish; however, little research has been conducted to clearly demonstrate the bidirectional signaling of the gut-brain axis in fish. Much of the research to date has been conducted in goldfish (Carassius auratus). These studies have defined many gut peptides in goldfish as either anorexigenic (appetite suppressing) or orexigenic (appetite stimulating), as well as exploring their metabolic roles. The functional roles of these peptides in species important to aquaculture are less clear. In channel catfish, (Ictalurus punctatus) all gut peptides studied to date appear to be inhibitory or have no effect on feeding. Differences between goldfish and catfish demonstrate the need to establish gut-brain interactions in each species of interest. Defining the crosstalk of the gut-brainaxis is an essential step toward understanding how diet, stress, and shifts in gut microbiota affect fish performance. [email protected]
J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
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International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Variation in intestinal microbiome of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) across ontogeny Jacob W Bledsoe Southern Illinois University, USA
esearch on pre and probiotics in aquaculture has been limited by a lack of basic knowledge regarding intrinsic fluctuations Rthat occur in the intestinal microbiome (IM) of fish across developmental ontogeny. Without such knowledge, delineating the significance of modifications to the IM or identifying dysbiosis may be difficult because data is lacking on the natural variations that occur within the microbial community. To improve our knowledge, this study characterized the IM of a single family of the important US. aquaculture species, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, under controlled conditions. Samples were taken at 2, 64, 124, and 193 dph. Sac-fry (2 dph) were ground whole while at all other time points the entire intestinal tract was removed and homogenized using sterile procedures (n=10). Adherent and allochthonous IM DNA along with DNA from all feeds and tank water was then extracted and added to the Fluidigm Access Array for PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, barcoded primer addition and library preparation for identification of bacterial, fungal and archaeal biota. Sequencing was performed on the MiSeq 2000 and data were analyzed using QIIME with the Green genes database for cross-referencing of operational taxonomic units. Ontogenetic changes in the IM may be attributed to host immunity-IM interactions plus changes in diet formulations. These results enable a better understanding of the homeostatic variation of the IM allowing more accurate interpretations of shifts caused by exogenous influences. This data set may also be used in the future to identify candidate microbial species for use as probiotics.
[email protected] Aquariculture as a livelihood option for rural women in India T Anita Susan Andhra Christian College, India
quarium fish keeping has become a popular hobby and aquarium fish selling is recently gaining popularity as a trade in AIndia. Ornamental fish trade can play a significant role in the economy of developing countries like India both as a foreign exchange earner and as a potential source for rural employment generation. Aquariculture form an important commercial component of aquaculture providing for aesthetic requirement and sustainability of the environment. Small scale aquariculture can augment the production of live bearers leading to the uplift of socio-economic conditions of women in India. Despite the enormous species availability ornamental fish culture is not promising in India when compared to South East Asian countries. In spite of having vast potential, domestic and international demand the sector has not received due attention either from research or by the industry and calls for systematic cataloguing of potentially important ornamental fish varieties, detailed study on their biology and behavior, breeding and husbandry. Although Andhra Pradesh ranks first in aquaculture it remained untapped in the area of aquariculture. The irregularities in the earning patterns of their men counter parts coupled with need for livelihood sustainability force most of the women to earn from a variety of fishery related activities like ornamental fishery and its allied sectors. Women as entrepreneurs can contribute much to the national productivity, generate employment opportunities, develop economic independence, improve standard of living leading to self confidence, enhanced awareness and sense of achievement. As such women fit into this particular entrepreneurial avenue owing to their enormous innate patience provided they are trained. Considerable effort is needed to capture the existing and latent entrepreneurial potential of women in this sector.
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International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Evaluation of aquaculture system sustainability: A methodology and comparative approaches Jérôme Lazard French Academy of Agricultural Sciences, France
ery little work dealing with the evaluation of aquaculture system sustainability has been undertaken to date on a global Vand comparative basis. Moreover, the analysis of the main reference frameworks such as codes of conduct, guides of good practice, standards, labels and of initiatives for the construction of sustainable development indicators in aquaculture, show that most of them are based on very unbalanced approaches concerning the dimensions of sustainable development that are taken into account. The approach taken up here is instead designed to cover all the dimensions of sustainability including the traditional pillars (economic, social and environmental) as well as the institutional one (governance). This latter, in particular, gives these approaches its original and innovative nature as well as the role played by aquaculture as a development factor for the sustainability at the territory level. At once multidisciplinary and participatory (co-construction of sustainability indicators), the approach compares several worldwide countries with highly differentiated types of aquaculture system. An original output from this work states that the classification of areas with respect to sustainability obtained from the multicriteria evaluation corresponds, in terms of relative priority, to the classification obtained from the results of the life cycle assessment. Hence, in both cases, the technical model based on intensive farming obtains the best scores whilst more extensive systems, which might have been thought to be closer to natural systems in their environmental dimension and therefore intuitively more “sustainable”, score much lower. [email protected]
Conserving a threatened endemic, landlocked Atlantic salmon population Eva Bergman Karlstad University, Sweden
opulations of migratory salmon decline worldwide due to human activities and numerous measures have been undertaken Pto maintain these populations. The regulated River Klarälven and Lake Vänern host endemic populations of land locked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Historically high abundances of the salmonids in Klarälven in the 1800s have decreased dramatically, reaching all-time lows after the completion of nine Swedish hydroelectric plants in the 1960s. After extensive stocking and transportation of wild and hatchery-raised spawners past eight hydroelectric plants catches have again increased. Recently, increases in the proportion of wild salmon returning to river Klarälven have generated interest in establishment of wild salmon throughout the entire river. To obtain information needed to produce a management plan for the salmon, we conducted multiple studies of upstream-migrating spawners and downstream-migrating smolts and kelts. We compared migratory behaviour of wild and hatchery reared salmon. For spawners we found that wild fish swam directly to the spawning grounds, whereas the few hatchery salmon that arrived at the spawning grounds swam considerably more before settling down and they held positions for shorter periods of time. For smolt, only 16-30% passed all eight dams and losses in the dam-free lower 25 km of the river were higher for hatchery-raised smolts than for wild. Moreover, losses of hatchery-raised smolts varied depending on feeding routines in the hatchery. For kelts, only 2% passed all eight dams. Thus, the production of high quality hatchery-raised fish together with remedial measures to increase the number of wild salmon is needed. [email protected]
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International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
The breeding program of Asian sea bass in Singapore Gen Hua Yue, Laszlo Orban and Huan Sein Lim National University of Singapore, Singapore
he Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) is an important marine food fish species and has been cultured in Southeast Asia since the T1980s. The aquaculture industry of this fish is growing rapidly. In Singapore, with the support from Singapore government, we have started a breeding program forAsian seabass to improve itsgrowth performance, disease resistance and meat quality since 2004. After two generations of phenotypic selection with help of quantitative genetics, we have increased the growth of Asian seabass by over 40% as compared with the control. Using molecular parentage analysis and challenge of offspring from mass crosses with viral and bacterial pathogens, we have identified fish resistant to big belly disease, nodavirus and iridovirus. We have established one line of Asian seabass resistant to these diseases. Using QTL mapping, we identified DNA markers associated with growth and meat quality traits, and established one line for quick growth and another line for high content of omega-3s in flesh. In addition, we have developed a number of genomic resources to facilitate the breeding program, such as DNA markers, a molecular parentage system, linkage maps, BAC libraries, transcriptome and draft genome sequence. In this presentation, the author will show some details of breeding program and its achievements, as well as the future directions of research. [email protected]
Design and impact of eco-friendly and practical solutions to excluding predatory birds and diving ducks from cultured mussel lines and shrimp ponds John C Bonardelli Shellfish Solutions AS, Spain
hellfish production has been increased since the 80s, along with some innovative improvements in technology to match. In Sparticular, mussel longline and shrimp pond culture are volume products well suited for extensive areal expansion, which in turn provides attractive opportunities for birds that prefer this abundant high density prey. Until now, eco-friendly exclusion methods wereunknown and seabird predation has been on the rise with established mussel farms literally gobbled up by diving ducks within weeks, leading to permanent closures, as witnessed in Scandinavia, UK and Canada. Large scale shrimp farms have been increasingly predated on by thousands of birds leading to increased risk of disease transmission, higher production and feed costs, and expensive deterrents requiring vigilance and maintenance. While conventional acoustic methods, firearms and boats have temporary effects on scaring birds, mussel growers who installed submerged nets to surround large offshore sites have either been successful or been convicted for using the wrong mesh type. A scientific approach to designing nets based on eider duck behavior was the spark for a Norwegian-Canadian investigation into predation under controlled settings. Eiders select mussels by size and quality with a preference for cultured over wild, and could be excluded with the right mesh or a spiked grow-out rope. In parallel, an innovative laser light is proving to be an effective eco-friendly deterrent to birds feeding on mussels and shrimp. These three solutions are explored as practical solutions to reducing bird predation on mussel and shrimp farms, with potential application to other species. [email protected]
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Hatchery processes for producing yellowfin Tuna with reference to the production of bluefin Tuna Gidon Minkoff Teleostei Hatchery Consulting Ltd., Canada
he yellowfin Tuna,Thunnus albacares (YFT), has very good aquaculture prospects. Research and development work has Talready been carried out on both the cage farming as well as the hatchery rearing of this species. Notwithstanding, probably the most important attribute of YFT, within the context of current world-wide efforts to achieve regular hatchery production of Bluefin tuna (BFT), is that these species share many important early life history traits. Many parallels can be found over a wide range of morphological, behavioral and physiological development patterns, such that they require very similar husbandry procedures to bring them through metamorphosis. Included are the requirements for keeping the larvae from sticking to the surface at first feeding (days 2-3 post hatch), or from sinking to the bottom of the rearing tanks between days 4-8 post hatch, feeding on newly hatched larvae after day 12 post hatch and providing conditions that will overcome their cannibalistic tendencies once they arrive at metamorphosis. For developing hatchery protocols, YFT has one major advantage over BFT which is that YFT can be readily adapted to spawning in captivity. Furthermore, YFT spawn continuously as long as temperatures remain between the range of 23-29oC. Due to the developmental similarities as well as the repeat spawning pattern, the study of YFT production has the potential to shorten the time required for developing a reliable BFT hatchery technology.
Zebra fish: A biological model organism Heiko Bleher Aquapress Publishers, Italy
n 1822, when the Briton Francis Hamilton first described a certain small, longitudinally-banded fish as Cyprinus rerio (today IDanio rerio) from the Kosi River in India and assigned it a so-called Danio-division (named after the Bengalese name Dhani) he can have had no idea of the popularity this little cyprinid would eventually achieve. It was first imported for the aquarium hobby in 1905, and christened “zebra danio”, the name it still bears today. In universities and research laboratories it was established in the early 1980s as “Zebra Fish” and became a model organism for studies of vertebrate development, developmental biology and some human genetic diseases after Streisinger’s pioneer work at the University of Oregon with wild fishes collected by Bleher in Assam. With the result those 15 years before Dolly the Scottish sheep achieved fame; Zebra Fish had been cloned at this University being the first vertebrate cloned in history. Today, over 5,000 researchers in 450 labs throughout more than 30 countries study Zebra Fish. And the author will not only talk about recent successes with this 3-5cm long fish but also about other tiny fish species with amazing scientific under estimated results in seeking solutions to diseases which affect humans.
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International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
The unintended consequences of simplifying the Sea: Making the case for complexity Leigh Michael Howarth University of York, England
any over-exploited marine ecosystems worldwide have lost their natural populations of large predatory finfish and have Mbecome dominated by crustaceans and other invertebrates. Controversially, some of these simplified ecosystems have gone on to support highly successful invertebrate fisheries capable of generating more economic value than the fisheries they replaced. Such systems have therefore been compared with monocultures created by modern agriculture on land, in that existing ecosystems have been converted into those that maximize the production of target species. It is however, widely recognized that monocultures are ecologically unstable. On land, crops and animals must be treated with a diverse array of chemicals and biological controls to maintain yields in the face of pests, weeds and diseases. Similar methods are also used in aquaculture but in the open sea, no such mechanisms exist. In this study, they explore the consequences of simplifying the sea and whether maintaining low-diversity conditions in the marine environment for our long-term exploitation is viable. By drawing on a number of concepts and case-studies we argue that, in many cases, the loss of large finfish has triggered dramatic ecosystem shifts to states that are both ecologically and economically undesirable and difficult and expensive to reverse. In addition, we find that those stocks left remaining are unusually prone to collapse from disease, invasion, eutrophication and climate change. We therefore conclude that the transition from multispecies fisheries to simplified invertebrate fisheries is causing a global decline in biodiversity and is threatening global food security, rather than promoting it.
Spatial and seasonal variations of intertidal community in tropical estuarine sandy beaches Mário Barletta Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
he use of intertidal sandy beaches by fish and macro crustaceans was studied to identify the patterns on habitat use in space Tand time. With a beach seine net samples were taken between October 2010 and September 2011. Fish assemblage (density, biomass, number of species and trophic guilds) and the biomass of wrack showed significant interactions among all studied factors (shore, season and distance from the river mouth). Differences in the river discharge between shores lead to spatial and
temporal patterns in the environmental variables (salinity, water temperature and relative tidal range and CaCO3%) and faunal community (total density, biomass, number of species and trophic guilds). This habitat showed great importance to the early stages of marine and estuarine fishes which dominated this environmental seasonally suggesting an important habitat cycle and increasing the connection among the adjacent habitats (main channel, mangrove forest and coastal waters). This information reinforces the importance of estuarine adjacent coastal habitats for fish and invertebrates assemblages and the necessity to create strategies to management and conservation of these estuarine habitats. [email protected]
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Health benefits from natural sources of astaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids: Fish oil, algal biomasses, and krill oil Marcelo Paes de Barros Cruzeiro do Sul University, Brazil he regular consumption of marine fish and seafood has been long recommended as a nutritional intervention to preserve Tgeneral health, including improvement of immune responses, prevention of neurodegenerative diseases, and inhibition of carcinogenic processes. Most of the health benefits provided by marine food consumption comes from an adequate uptake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, (n-3)/PUFAs, and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). On the other hand, several studies have given rise to the hypothesis that unbalanced (n-3)/PUFAs consumption could affect the physicochemical properties of biological membranes (fluidity, permeability, hydrophobicity, etc.), thereby impacting negatively on cell-cell communication, and, consequently, depressing immunological efficiency, cell proliferation, speed of signal transduction and the effectiveness of neurotransmission. Furthermore, (n-3)/PUFA-overloaded membranes become more sensitive to oxidative injury if not properly counterbalanced by antioxidant compounds, such as ASTA. Therefore, an appropriate redox balance in specific cells/tissues is necessary for optimal metabolic and physiological functions in all organisms. This work focused on the long-term supplementation of ASTA, (n-3)/PUFAs, and their combination from natural sources (e.g. fish oil, algal biomasses and krill oil) in Wistar rats and subsequent redox analyses in immune cells (mostly, neutrophils and lymphocytes), specific brain regions related to anxiety behavior (anterior forebrain) and motor control (cerebellum), in plasma, and soleus muscles of animals submitted to exercise until exhaustion. Finally, new perspectives for a reasonable application of both natural micronutrients will be discussed, based on the well accepted ‘hormesis’ principle.
Personalities and welfare of fish in aquaculture Flavia Oliveira Mesquita Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil ish are cultured for a variety of reasons including for food, for the ornamental trade, for restocking and for conservation. Housing animals Fat high densities and with frequent husbandry interventions are common and necessary practices in aquaculture but it is impossible to avoid many of the procedures known to induce stress in fish. It is important to make husbandry practices less stressful. The impact of aversive stimuli or stressors is determined by the ability of the organism to cope with the situation. Whenever environmental stressors are too demanding and the individual cannot cope, its health is in danger. It is important to understand the mechanisms and factors underlying the individual’s capacity to cope with environmental challenges. As is true for other agriculture sectors, aquaculture practices are now being examined to assess their impact on the environment and on animal welfare. There are a number of strategies that could potentially be used to reduce the adverse effects of fish husbandry practices including choosing to farm fish that adapt well to intensive rearing conditions, developing husbandry systems that minimise adverse effecton welfare and developing sensitive indicators that can be used on working farms to identify quickly and easily whether fish are in a state of good welfare. Behavioural responses are the first defence that an animal has against environmental changes, predators or social conflicts. Animals show different behavioural strategies when facing threatening situations and the type of behavioural and physiological response to stress is an individual characteristic called coping or personality.
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Effective technique for collecting gametes from new and difficult species of naturally spawning fish Tom Bowling Biota Aquaculture, Palau
any species of fish are not cultured due to the special requirements of adults of the species. As brood stock, they are unable Mto be kept in captivity. However, their larval and grow out traits are well suited to aquaculture for both food and ornamental market. We review the work of Tom Bowling on, using spawning aggregations as a source of gamete supply. The positives and negatives among this technique and the interesting outcomes. Among the newly cultured species at Biota are the Blue Lined Seabream (Symphorichthys spilurus) and Bumphead Parrotfish (Bolbometopon muricatum) which is not only a newly cultured fish but a newly cultured family of fish. They will also discuss the trials and the challenges of finding out the requirements of these sensitive larvae and why they are important to culture.
DNA barcoding detect new genetic diversity within migrated goat fish species (Mullidae) through the Suez Canal Manal Moustafa Sabrah2, Mohammed I Ahmed1, Magdy A Alwany1 and Rasha A Heneish2 1Suez Canal University, Egypt 2National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Egypt
he accurate identification of species is a very important component in many fields of biological research and conservation Tefforts. The high level of expertise and time consuming process needed to identify them means a loss in biodiversity due to this lack of identification. Goat fishes of family Mullidae are harvested all over the world. In Egypt goat fishes occurs in the Red Sea, Suez Canal and the Mediterranean Sea, migration and speciation of goat fishes through the Suez Canal have not been studied before. In this study we examine the evolutionary history and speciation of selected species of the family Mullidae using DNA barcoding techniques by using partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences for standardized and routine species identification. The results uncover new species and genetic diversity within the family Mullidae along the Egyptian coastal waters. Three (03) species were renamed and cryptic species complex were also discovered.
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Effects of rearing conditions on fish growth and sex ratios: Epigenetic and transcriptomic studies in zebrafish and European sea bass Francesc Piferrer CSIC, Spain
he environment experienced during early development interacts with the genome and results in modifications in gene Texpression that have life-long phenotypic consequences. Epigenetic mechanisms refer to modifications of chromatin such as DNA methylation and histone modifications that do not imply changes in DNA nucleotide sequence that can be inherited. In 2011, we discovered an epigenetic mechanism linking temperature with sex ratios. Committed to explore the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in farmed fish, we recently have found differences in DNA methylation between fish exposed to different early environments. However, how different environments or farming situations elicit different epigenetic modifications and, more importantly, what genes are affected, is mostly unknown. Confinement stress or high water temperature result in male- biased sex ratios in most fish species examined so far. Furthermore, currently there is the perception among many fish farmers that too often, even after proper adjustment of the rearing conditions at the hatchery-nursery stages, the quality of the produced fish is still suboptimal. Here, utilizing the zebrafish model and the European sea bass, an important species for aquaculture in Europe, the author will present data on changes in gene expression related to epigenetic modifications during sex differentiation, how stress associated with rearing density may mediate the effects on sex ratios as well as the effects of temperature in shaping persistent differences in gene expression. The goal is to better understand how the early farming can influence gene expression in fish with possible consequences in their performance and the ultimate product quality.
Zooplankton and zoobenthos communities in the Nile river, upper Egypt Khaleid F Abd El-Wakeil Assiut University, Egypt
ooplankton and zoobenthos are highly important components in the aquatic ecosystem. They represent a key stone in the Zaquatic food chain and maintain a good health for the water body. These groups of animals give a complete picture about the status of the water ecosystem because they are bioindicators for pollution and eutrophication. They supply food for both aquatic and terrestrial vertebrate consumers (e.g., fishes and birds). Qualitative and quantitative survey about these invertebrates helps the scientists and decision makers to know what is happening now and what will happen in the future to give the best and more accurate decision for avoiding more troubles in the future. The present talk introduces the changes of freshwater zooplankton and zoobenthos communities according to climatic factors and anthropogenic impacts in the Nile River at Assiut city, upper Egypt.
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International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Associations of mimic juvenile fish with plant debris: A new purpose on how do juvenile fish use coastal habitats as nurseries Breno Barros Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Brazil
uvenile mimic ichthyofauna was surveyed in the mangroves of three locations, in north and north eastern Brazil and in western JColombia using both field observational and comparative geometric morphometrics approaches. Total 668 mimic juvenile individual fishes (16 genera of 11 families) were confirmed to mimic on mangrove plant debris from the three sampling sites and the frequencies of occurrence of mimic juvenile fish were strongly influenced by tidal conditions. Errantic mimic fish were more frequently observed during high and flood tide conditions in the spring tide when large amount of plant debris was present in the water surface in all observed sites. Three distinct groups of mimic juveniles were classified via morphometrics comparative analysis of fish and plant debris, i.e. leafy, seedy and twiggy supported by multivariate statistical analyses (Meta MDS; Bray- Curtis). Our results show a new perspective of how do juvenile fish can make use of mangrove environments in terms of habitat choice, first settlement stages and predator avoidance and discuss the importance of the interaction between such organisms and its surrounding environment under a multi-disciplinary approach, combining behavioral ecology, functional ecology, early ontogeny and geometric morphometrics. These results may also provide important clues for conservation of both mangrove environments and some fish species particularly those that are currently endangered (i.e. Epinephelidae and Serranidae) also discussing evolutionary convergence aspects due to the behavioral similarity shared by the several species.
Coldwater marine fishes as potential objects of aquaculture and maintenance in aquariums worldwide Alexei M Orlov Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Russia
ttempts to involve coldwater marine fishes into aquaculture were previously done repeatedly. However due to various reasons, Athis direction has been not properly developed. Meanwhile, it might be considered as very prospective one and there several main directions of its development. Fish farming: Cultivation of fish in marine environment allows taking commercial production of species that are rather rare in the wild or which meat has high market price (example sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria, skilfish Erilepis zonifer, Atlantic and Pacific halibuts Hippoglossus hippoglossus and H. stenolepis, rough scale sole Clidoderma asperrimum, thornyheads Sebastolobus spp., tooth fishes Dissostichus spp.). Stock enhancement: This direction of aquaculture aims to maintain abundance of populations exploited by fisheries at sustainable level or to help recovering of overfished stocks. For instance, such approaches to enhance Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus stocks are used currently in Japan and Republic of Korea and might be considered as very promising. Completion of public aquariums exhibits: In public aquariums worldwide, as a rule, representatives of tropical ichthyofauna are mostly demonstrated. Meanwhile, there are many species among fishes of northern latitudes having bright coloration and exotic appearance (example Cyclopteridae, Agonidae, Zoarcidae, Cottidae, Hemitripteridae, Pholidae, Stichaeidae, Liparidae, Hexagrammidae etc.) that make their maintenance in public aquariums very attractive. Maintenance in research aquariums: The biology of variety of coldwater marine species remains poorly understood (example skates, snailfishes, poachers, sculpins, eelpouts etc.). Therefore maintenance of coldwater fish species in research aquariums has scientifically cognitive aspect.
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Development of eco-feed for red sea bream, Pagrus major: Replacement of expensive fish meal by low cost fish meal and soy protein Amal Biswas, Ayumi Kato, Haruka Hashimoto, Yasuaki Hayashi, Kiyotomo Narita, Shuki Iwamoto and Kenji Takii Kinki University, Japan
lot of efforts have been given to search alternative of fish meal (FM) as protein source due to the high price and less Aavailability of FM. Although soy protein (SP) has been considered one of the most promising alternatives due to relatively high protein content and fair amino acids balance, its utility in marine fish is lower compared to freshwater fish. As a result, a greater portion of expensive FM still need to be included in marine fish feed, which has been reduced the profitability as well as affect the sustainability. This study is aimed to replace all expensive FM by the combination of SP and cheaper residue FM (RFM) made from the fish market’s by-products. Three isoenergetic feeds were formulated: FM 20.4% + SP 47.6% (D1, control), and expensive FM in D1 was replaced by two types of RFM (D2 and D3). Phytase was included in all feeds at 1,000 units/kg diet. Twenty five red sea bream juveniles of mean weight 38g were stocked into each of nine 500 L tanks, fed the feeds until apparent satiation two times a day for 8 weeks. There were no significant differences in growth parameters and retention efficiencies of nutrients and energy in fish fed RFM diets compared to the control group (P>0.05). Moreover, the lack of difference in plasma constituents among the treatments indicates that the RFM didn’t have bad effect on physiology. The results suggested that cheap RFM can replace the expensive FM from red sea bream diet without compromising growth. It will help the aquaculture industry to reduce dietary cost as well as contribute to the sustainability.
Experiences and strategies in tilapia biofloc cultivation Martha P Hernández-Vergara Technological Institute of Boca del Río, Mexico
ccording to the results of the investigation conducted by our research group, it is possible to ensure that the biofloc cultivation Ais an efficient technology that significantly increases production and promotes sustainable aquaculture practices in different phases of tilapia´s life. Our first evaluation consisted of determining the carbon: nitrogen ratio more efficiently during intensive cultivation of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (75fish/m3). Survival was >95%, growth rate 20% higher than the other treatments, there was a 15% reduction in TCA and a 12.9% decrease in production costs when using a 10:1 ratio of C:N. From the results of the C: N treatment, we determined the percent of reduction in artificial food (to 90, 80, 70 or 60% less) to support high productivity with or without biofloc. The result indicated that tilapia (100±14 g) cultivated in biofloc required 20% less feed ratio with the same growth gain that fishes feed full ratio. On the other way, we determined the efficiency in masculinization and feminization subjecting tilapia fingerlings in a system with biofloc to 17-α methyl-testosterone or 17β-estradiol. The resulting males (92.55%) and females (99.6%) were similar to other studies involving open systems and RAS but with the advantage that when using biofloc the volume of water was reduced by 90% during the 35 days of this phase. These results support the conclusion that biofloc cultivation is environmentally advantageous as well as sustainable and economically profitable.
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Exploring strategy and strategic planning within Australian commercial fisher micro-businesses Eric Perez University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia
he small business sector is a fundamental element of national economic performance and provides employment to millions Tof workers globally. Micro-businesses, a sub-set of the small business sector, are a key contributor to that economic performance. The study examined the Australian micro-business sector. The growth and profitability of Australian micro- businesses can be impacted by a myriad of internal and external business factors which can be viewed through the prisms of strategy and strategic planning. A strategy is developed to achieve a vision; goal or what could be described as a better future for the business. Achieving the business goal is met through the process of strategic planning which may involve the use of methodologies, analytical tools and processes. There is considerable research literature regarding strategy and strategic planning in the context of large, small and micro-businesses. However, there is a paucity of research relating to Australian commercial fishing micro-businesses. This study is focused on exploring the use of strategy and strategic planning at the micro-business level within the Australian commercial fishing industry. Consequently, this study examined themes noted by industry and the extent to which these micro-businesses engage in the use of strategy and strategic planning, if at all. The study begins by exploring the context in which commercial fishing micro-businesses operate. This science setting comprises a discussion of the value of the sector and explores the broader contribution of the sector to the national economy. In establishing the context in which commercial fishing micro-business operate, this study also examines current market structures, industry participants and commercial fishing demographics. The final element of context setting includes a discussion of employment, regulation, gender and family business structures. The study then focused on a detailed, multi-faceted literature review which examines strategy, strategic planning and strategic analysis tools. This process laid a foundation for examining strategic management theories relevant to these micro-businesses. For the purposes of this study, the many competing and complementary theories are grouped into four categories: (1) The classical framework (e.g. design, planning and positioning schools); (2) the environment contingency framework (e.g., power and culture schools); (3) the neo-classical competition framework (e.g. resource-based, competition and entrepreneurial schools); and (4) the post-classical contemporary framework (e.g., learning, emergence and cognitive schools). The implications of these theoretical frameworks are discussed in the context of strategy and strategic planning. Taking into account the industry context and literature review, a set of research questions and objectives were developed. The study design and results were identified and reported from data obtained from participating commercial fishing micro-business operators. The primary data collection process was elicited through qualitative interviews. Within the interview process participants were asked to identify short, medium and long-term issues affecting their businesses. Finally, participants were taken through a process of applying a strategic analysis tool. Results suggest that the family business structure is the dominant business framework amongst participants. It was also found that the regulation was a significant impediment to the operation of commercial fishing micro-businesses. The study’s final analysis and conclusions suggest that strategy amongst participants in this study exists, is manifested in an ad hoc manner and is reactive in nature. Government legislation is cited as creating obstacles to the use of strategy or strategic planning. Finally, there was a clear understanding from participants of the salient internal and external factors impacting their businesses.
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International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia Stocking density limits for post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in semi-closed sea systems Sara Calabrese University of Bergen, Norway
or the development of commercial scale semi-closed sea systems for post-smolt Atlantic salmon, further knowledge is required on the Fbiological limits for fish density. In this experiment post-smolts were stocked in 5 different densities (25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 kg/m3) for 8 weeks in 10°C seawater. Water quality parameters such as oxygen, pH, CO2 and TAN were monitored and kept within recommended values. The biomass in each tank was weighed every second week and increases in biomass were removed to maintain original treatment density throughout the experiment. Over the 8 week period the specific growth rate (SGR) of the biomass was reduced in densities above 75 kg/m3, furthermore when densities were increased from 100 kg/m3 to 125 kg/m3 growth rate decreased by 47%, along with a reduction in feed utilization. The effect of stocking density on post-smolt welfare was determined by studying the overall stress response and by examining external morphological welfare indicators. After 8 weeks primary and secondary stress responses such as elevated plasma levels 3 of cortisol, blood sodium, PCO2 and decreased blood pH were observed in the highest stocking density. Fish densities above 75 kg/m also increased pelvic fin damage and the prevalence of cataracts. In conclusion, this study suggests that stocking density should not exceed 75 kg/m3 in order to maintain optimal post-smolt performance and welfare. These results will have important implications for the design and development of commercial scale semi-closed sea systems.
Importance of habitat characteristics on reproduction: The case study of the influence of nest size on Lusitanian toadfish’s reproductive success Rita Andreia Oliveira Carriço University of the Azores, Portugal eproductive success on fishes is the main goal of fish farms. The profit of aquaculture companies relies on that. Thus, it is important Rto deepen the knowledge of the main factors that exert influence on reproduction. The habitat and its characteristics have a major influence on the reproductive cycle. To improve farming methods is essential to know the species preferences in terms of habitat. In species with paternal care as some teleost fishes, the quality of nests where they deposit the eggs is crucial for their fitness. In some species as the Lusitanian toadfish (Halobatrachus didactylus) and the Sand goby (Pomatoschistus minutus) males tend to choose nest proportional to their own body size and the area of the nest has a substantial contribution to the reproductive success of males, where owners of larger nests receive on average a higher number of eggs. Other species, for example the three-spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) have been found to choose the larger nests or territories available in the absence of competition. Nest size is thus a key factor on male´s reproductive success of many species; however in the Lusitanian toadfish (H. didactylus) the choice for nest size depends on a compromise between costs and benefits.
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International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia Evaluation of germplasm resources and analysis of genetic diversities from the ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda Jitao Li Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, China
he ridgetail, white prawn (Exopalaemon carinicauda) is one of themajor economic shrimp species, which naturally distributes in Tthecoasts of Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, China. Due to the multiple merits of fast growth, good reproductive performance and good environmental adaptability, the culture area of E. carinicauda has expanded in recent years and contributes to one third of the gross outcome of the polyculture ponds in eastern China. The current cultural pattern depends on wild seedingsor parent prawns from the natural sea area, ambiguous genetic background and destabilizing supply heavily influenced the development for culture of E. carinicauda. However, few studies on germplasm resources and genetic diversities in E. carinicauda have been reported. In the present study, fivegeographic populations were collected from coastal waters of Bohai and the Yellow Sea since 2011. The regression equation for seven morphological traits to body weight was built using multivariate analysis, the results indicated body length had the most direct impact on weight with path analysis. The results of karyotype analysis showed 2n=56m+8sm+12st+14t=90. The results of isozyme analysis suggested phylogenetic relationship between populations of Bohai bay and Laizhou bay was close, and followed by populations of Jiaozhou bay and Haizhou bay. The genetic diversity of the population and phylogenetic relationship among Palaemonidae were analyzed based on mitochondrion DNA 16S rRNA, COI sequence and ribosome ITS1 sequence, the results indicated the genetic differentiation coefficient between populations of Xiangshan bay and Laizhou bay was highest, and that was lowest between populations of Laizhou bay and Haizhou bay. A microsatellite-enriched library was constructed using the method of magnetic bead hybridization enrichment and fifty-six polymorphic microsatellite primers were screened, and the genetic diversity of populations was analyzed using twelve polymorphic microsatellite primers, UPGMA clustering tree based onDgenetic distance showed that Laizhou Bay stock was more closely related to Xiangshan stock and Haizhou Bay stock was farthest related to Xiangshang stock. In summary, the above results provided basic data for the protection and utilization for germplasm resources of E. carinicauda.
The distribution and elimination of Norfloxacin in Chinese white shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) aquaculture system Zhi-Qiang Chang, Ming Sun, Qian-Qian Zhai and Jian Li Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, China he Chinese white shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis is one of the most valuable aquatic shrimp resources in China, distributed mainly Tin the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. It has also been of great importance to the mariculture industry in China due to the good taste, high commercial value and adaptation to artificial culture conditions. The production used to reach over 200,000 tons in 1989-1992 then devastated significantly by a series of epidemics in the 1990s and early 2000s and maintained around 45,000 tons recently. Antibiotics such as Norfloxacin (NFLX) were occasionally used during shrimp aquaculture to control bacterial infections caused by Vibrio anguillarum or other marine pathogens. Therefore, in the study we investigated the distribution and elimination of norfloxacin inF. chinensis at different developmental stages and in culture environment as well. First, the mature parent shrimp were exposed to NFLX through medicated water bath at 4 and 10 mg/L for 2 to 5d respectively. NFLX concentration increased in both the parent and their eggs with the increase of time and concentration of drug exposure and the highest level of NFLX residues were detected in the ovary of parent shrimp. Then the drug residues in the larvae at different developmental stages were further examined. The elimination half-lives of NFLX in Nauplius exposed to NFLX at 4 and 10 mg/L for 24 hours were 45.36 and 49.85 hours respectively and 31.68 and 33.13 hours in zoea, 42.24 and 47.28 hours in Mysis larvae and 24.48 and 30.96 hour in post larvae. Finally, NFLX concentration in shrimp, water and sediment were also examined after drug administration with 2 different ways, medicated bath and feed. NFLX residues were mostly found in sediments and the elimination half-lives of NFLX in the muscle of shrimp exposed to drug by medicated bath and feed were 40.19 and 31.01 hours respectively.
J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
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International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in Exopalaemon carinicauda after oral and intramuscular administration Qian-qian Zhai, Jian Li and Zhiqiang Chang Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, China
any epizootic diseases are prevalent because of the high density aquaculture. Enrofloxacin is used to treat various systemic bacterial Minfections in aquatic animal. However, studies concerning the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in Exopalaemon carinicauda which is important specie for polyculture in China are limited. Therefore, the pharmacokinetic profiles of enrofloxacin in E. carinicauda were investigated following a single oral and intramuscular administration (10 mg/kg body weight) at 20°C water temperature in this study. After drug administration the plasma and tissue samples (muscle, liver, and gill) were analyzed using an HPLC method. The results showed that the plasma concentration-time data for enrofloxacin were described commendably by a two-compartment open model with elimination half-life (t1/2β) of 20.38 and 17.76 hour after oral and intramuscular administration respectively. The t1/2β values are reasonable and suitable for one time a day dosing regimen to achieve good efficacy and reduce the risk of drug residues. The drug concentrations in all the tissues were peaked at 1 hour after oral administration and 0.5 hour after intramuscular administration and the highest drug concentration was in hepato pancreas followed by gills and muscle. As enrofloxacin is a typical concentration-dependent drug, the Cmax/MIC and AUC/MIC values were selected as indices to ensure its therapeutic efficacy in aquaculture. The plasma Cmax/MIC values were 15.95 and 19.86 and the plasma AUC/MIC values were 797.51 and 993.07 for enrofloxacin on aquatic animal pathogens such as Vibrio and Aeromonas after oral and intramuscular administration respectively. These ratios indicate it can obtain good therapeutic efficacy using the current dosage and mode of administration of enrofloxacin. This study would be helpful for the clinical regiment design of enrofloxacin in E. carinicauda and provide reliable basis for use of enrofloxacin in aquaculture that could improve the quality of aquaculture products.
Genetic selection and nutritional effects on physiological, genomic, and intestinal microbial responses and interactions Ken Overturf USDA-ARS, USA omplete replacement of fishmeal in feeds has proven difficult for a number of aquaculture species. In carnivorous fish plant proteins Coften cause reduced growth and negatively affect gut health. Also, replacement of fish oil generally leads to a severe reduction for long- chain omega-3 fatty acids in tissues. Little is known about strain differences regarding effects of plant based diets in fish and the potential for selection for improved gut health, EPA and DHA synthesis and deposition, disease resistance and performance. Our laboratory has been selecting fish for the ability to efficiently grow and utilize in all plant protein diet that includes relatively high levels of soybean meal and soy protein concentrate. After several generations of selection we find that our selected fish not only grow faster than non-selected fish on the plant-based feed but do not develop intestinal enteritis as do non-selected fish. Furthermore, we have determined that variation exists within trout stocks for the ability to biosynthesize and deposit EPA and DHA in muscle in fish reared on feed in which fish oil has been replaced with flax oil. We are now utilizing these fish as a model to determine the underlying biology behind these traits we have chosen to examine the physiological and genetic components by evaluating data obtained from histological, transcriptomic, genomic, proteomic and microbial host interactions. In this presentation we will show responses and discuss the effect of diet and selection on animal physiology, metabolism, and gut microbiota and host responses.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
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International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia Determination of heavy metals in fish samples Ibi and Wukari local government areas of Taraba state, in Nigeria Raphael Odoh Federal University, Nigeria
he fish samples (fresh and local smoked fish) from Ibi and Wukari local government areas of Taraba state in Nigeria were analyzed to Tdetermine the level of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn). All the fish samples (fresh and local smoked fish) analyzed contain heavy metals. The results ranged from 0.027-0.076, 0.033-0.058, 0.035-0.092, 1.010-1.955, 2.101-4.892, 0.666-0.922, 0.044-0.085, 0.054-0.095 and 1.987-2.971 mg/g for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in local smoked fish while in the fresh fish, the concentration of same heavy metals ranged from 0.011-0.042, 0.032-0.048, 0.011-0.056, 0.133-0.788, 1.675-2.571, 0.078-0.765, 0.045-0.092, 0.011-0.028 and 1.098-1.997 mg/g respectively. There were significant difference (P<0.05) between the heavy metals in local smoked fish and fresh fish from the same study areas. The mean concentration of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn of local smoked fish were higher than the mean concentration of fresh fish. All the parameters examined in the fish samples have values that are below or within the maximum permissible limit of WHO, FAO and EC Standard.
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