DOCSLIB.ORG

A Photographic Atlas of the Pes from a Hadrosaurine Hadrosaurid Dinosaur

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Photographic Atlas of the Pes from a Hadrosaurine Hadrosaurid Dinosaur Zheng et al., Pes from a Hadrosaurine Hadrosaurid PalArch’s Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology, 8(7) (2011) A PHOTOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF THE PES FROM A HADROSAURINE HADROSAURID DINOSAUR Rachel Zheng,# Andrew A. Farke* & Gy-Su Kim# # The Webb Schools, 1175 West Baseline Road, Claremont, CA 91711 USA * Corresponding author. Raymond M. Alf Museum of Paleontology, 1175 West Baseline Road, Claremont, CA 91711 USA; [email protected] Rachel Zheng, Andrew A. Farke & Gy-Su Kim. A Photographic Atlas of the Pes from a Hadrosaurine Hadrosaurid Dinosaur. – PalArch’s Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology 8(7) (2011), 1-12. ISSN 1567-2158. 12 pages + 7 fi gures, 2 tables. Keywords: foot, osteology, pes, hadrosaur, Hell Creek Formation. ABSTRACT Hadrosaurid dinosaurs are abundantly represented in terrestrial deposits from the Late Cretaceous, as isolated elements, associated specimens, and articulated skeletons with soft tissue. However, identifi cation of isolated elements can be diffi cult in the absence of adequate reference material. Here we present a photographic atlas of the complete pes from a hadrosaurine hadrosaurid (possibly Edmontosaurus annectens) collected in the Hell Creek Formation of Montana. Introduction out the Western Interior of North America. Iso- Hadrosauridae was one of the most widespread lated elements are also quite common. clades of ornithischian dinosaurs during the Consequently, many aspects of the anatomy Late Cretaceous. Commonly referred to as of hadrosaurids have been thoroughly described “duck-billed dinosaurs,” in reference to their and fi gured for multiple taxa by numerous au- broad, toothless beaks, hadrosaurs have been thors (e.g., Dilkes, 2000; Lull & Wright, 1942; recovered in Europe, Asia, North and South Parks, 1920). Surprisingly, however, the pes has America, and Antarctica (Horner et al., 2004; never been comprehensively fi gured in a publi- Weishampel et al., 2004). Anatomically, hadro- cation, even though numerous articulated and saurs are also among the best-known dinosaurs. isolated pedal phalanges and metatarsals are Numerous complete, articulated skeletons from known. Detailed written descriptions exist (e.g., all ontogenetic stages, often with extensive soft Parks, 1920; Prieto-Márquez, 2007; Suzuki et tissue preservation, are known from through- al., 2004), but most published illustrations only © PalArch Foundation 1 Zheng et al., Pes from a Hadrosaurine Hadrosaurid PalArch’s Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology, 8(7) (2011) present one or two views of the entire foot (e.g., Discussion – RAM 7150 is identifi ed as a Lull & Wright, 1942; Parks, 1920) or selected el- hadrosaurine hadrosaurid (Saurolophinae of ements. Thus, these papers are of limited utility Prieto-Márquez, 2010) based on the rod-like for identifying isolated or incomplete bones. morphology of the distal end of the ischium, Here we present a comprehensive photo- which is distinct from the expanded distal end graphic atlas of the hadrosaur foot, with multi- of the ischium seen in lambeosaurine hadro- ple views and measurements for each individu- saurids and many non-hadrosaurid iguanodon- al bone (fi gures 1-7, tables 1-2). The specimen in tians (Horner et al., 2004). Although the speci- question, possibly pertaining to Edmontosaurus men cannot be unambiguously identifi ed more annectens, was preserved in partial articulation precisely (particularly in the absence of a skull), with skin impressions (Wideman & Lofgren, it might pertain to Edmontosaurus annectens; 2001). All elements are uncrushed, and rarely this is the only currently recognized hadrosau- identifi ed bones, such as a tarsal IV, were also rid taxon in the Hell Creek Formation (Campi- found with the specimen. Thus, it presents an one & Evans, 2011). ideal examplar of a hadrosaurine hadrosaurid Most aspects of the pes of RAM 7150 (fi gures pes. Our hope is that these fi gures will be a use- 1-7) coincide closely with previously described ful aid for researchers, preparators, collections examples from hadrosaurines (e.g., Parks, 1920; managers, and curators identifying specimens Maryańska & Osmólska, 1984; Prieto-Márquez, in the absence of a reference collection. 2007, 2010), particularly in the proportions and surface morphology of the individual ele- Institutional Abbreviations ments. The only major departure concerns the anomalous ungual on digit IV (fi gures 1-6). The RAM, Raymond M. Alf Museum of Paleontol- lateral margin of the distal end of the ungual ogy, Claremont, California, USA. is truncated. In dorsal view, most of the bone texture is normal in appearance with a slight Systematic Paleontology raised ridge trending proximo-distally (poten- tially representing a fracture callus). In ventral Dinosauria Owen, 1842 view, the bone of the lateral half of the phalanx Ornithischia Seeley, 1888 is considerably eroded, with a fi nished texture Hadrosauridae Cope, 1869 proximally and a more porous texture distally. Hadrosaurinae Lambe, 1918 The articular surface is unaffected. Selected Gen. et sp. indet. measurements of all elements are presented in tables 1 and 2. Material – RAM 7150, a partial, mostly articu- lated skeleton preserving the right hindlimb Acknowledgments complete below the mid-shaft of the femur, right ischium, 77 caudal vertebrae, 23 chevrons, We thank Don Lofgren (RAM) for his general and skin impressions. The pes and tarsals were assistance with this project, and for his efforts entirely articulated, except for two pedal un- in leading the fi eld project that recovered the guals (II-3 and IV-5), which were disarticulated specimen. We also acknowledge Tony Runkel but associated within 10 cm and 50 cm of their for his discovery of the specimen, and Peter digits, respectively. White, Sue White, Sarah White, Simon White, Locality – RAM V97048, McCone County, Duncan Everhart, Sadie Kingsbury, John Helge- Montana, USA. Detailed locality data are on fi le son, Scott Kirby, Andrew Raser, Lauren Thomp- at the RAM and available to qualifi ed research- son, Ian Browne, Bill Clemens, Greg Wilson, ers upon request. Matt Lauria, John Enders, Caroline Adler, Geoff Stratigraphic Horizon and Lithology – Hell Winssinger, Bob Cooper, Sam McClure, Doug Creek Formation, late Maastrichtian (Brown, Myles, Patrick Muffl er, Natalia Wideman and 1907; Hicks et al., 2002). The specimen is pre- Larry Ashton for their assistance in excavating served at the base of a sandstone channel cutting and interpreting the specimen. We gratefully ac- into an underlying siltstone, approximately 8 knowledge the United States Department of the meters below the contact between the Hell Creek Interior Fish and Wildlife Service, Charles M. Formation and the overlying Tullock Formation. Russell National Wildlife Refuge, for land access © PalArch Foundation 2 Zheng et al., Pes from a Hadrosaurine Hadrosaurid PalArch’s Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology, 8(7) (2011) and permits. Mark Torres and Ellen Goldman for the Advancement of Science 11: 60-204. provided curatorial assistance. The David B. Parks, W.A. 1920. The osteology of the tracho- Jones Foundation is gratefully acknowledged dont dinosaur Kritosaurus incurvimanus. for fi nancial support of student research. Fi- – University of Toronto Studies, Geological nally, we thank numerous students from The Series 11: 1-74. Webb Schools for their help in the preparation Prieto-Márquez, A. 2007. Postcranial osteology of the skeleton. of the hadrosaurid dinosaur Brachylopho- saurus canadensis. – In: Carpenter, K. Ed. Cited Literature 2007. Horns and beaks: ceratopsian and or- nithischian dinosaurs. – Bloomington, Indi- Brown, B. 1907. The Hell Creek Beds of the Up- ana University Press: 91-115. per Cretaceous of Montana. – Bulletin of the Prieto-Márquez, A. 2010. Global phylogeny of American Museum of Natural History 23: Hadrosauridae (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) 823-845. using parsimony and Bayesian methods. – Campione, N.E. & D.C. Evans. 2011. Cranial Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society growth and variation in edmontosaurs (Di- 159: 435-502. nosauria: Hadrosauridae): implications for Seeley, H.G. 1888. On the classifi cation of the latest Cretaceous megaherbivore diversity in fossil animals commonly named Dinosauria. North America. – PLoS ONE 6: e25186. – Proceedings of the Royal Society of Lon- Cope, E.D. 1869. Synopsis of the extinct Batra- don 43: 165-171. chia, Reptilia and Aves of North America. – Suzuki, D., D.B. Weishampel & N. Minoura. Transactions of the American Philosophical 2004. Nipponosaurus sachalinensis (Dino- Society, New Series 14: 1-252. sauria; Ornithopoda): anatomy and system- Dilkes, D.W. 2000. Appendicular myology of the atic position within Hadroauridae. – Journal hadrosaurian dinosaur Maiasaura peebleso- of Vertebrate Paleontology 24: 145-164. rum from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) Weishampel, D.B., P.M. Barrett, R.A. Coria, J. of Montana. – Transactions of the Royal So- Le Loeuff, X. Xing, Z. Xijin, A. Sahni, E.M.P. ciety of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 90: 87- Gomani & C.R. Noto. 2004. Dinosaur distri- 125. bution. – In: Weishampel, D.B., P. Dodson, & Hicks, J.F., K.R. Johnson, J.D. Obradovich, L. H. Osmólska. Eds. 2004. The Dinosauria. – Tauxe & D. Clark. 2002. Magnetostratigra- Berkeley, University of California Press: 517- phy and geochronology of the Hell Creek 606. and basal Fort Union Formations of south- Wideman, N.K. & D.L. Lofgren. 2001. Partial western North Dakota and a recalibration of hadrosaur skeleton with skin impression, the age of the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. Hell Creek Formation, McCone County, – Geological Society
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Juvenile Cf. Edmontosaurus Annectens (Ornithischia, Hadrosauridae) Femur Documents a Previously Unreported Intermediate Growth Stage for This Taxon Andrew A
    Vertebrate Anatomy Morphology Palaeontology 7:59–67 59 ISSN 2292-1389 A juvenile cf. Edmontosaurus annectens (Ornithischia, Hadrosauridae) femur documents a previously unreported intermediate growth stage for this taxon Andrew A. Farke1,2,3,* and Eunice Yip2 1Raymond M. Alf Museum of Paleontology, 1175 West Baseline Road, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA 2The Webb Schools, 1175 West Baseline Road, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA 3Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd. Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA; [email protected] Abstract: A nearly complete, but isolated, femur of a small hadrosaurid from the Hell Creek Formation of Montana is tentatively referred to Edmontosaurus annectens. At 28 cm long, the element can be classified as likely that from an ‘early juvenile’ individual, approximately 24% of the maximum known femur length for this species. Specimens from this size range and age class have not been described previously for E. annectens. Notable trends with increasing body size include increasingly distinct separation of the femoral head and greater trochanter, relative increase in the size of the cranial trochanter, a slight reduction in the relative breadth of the fourth trochanter, and a relative increase in the prominence of the cranial intercondylar groove. The gross profile of the femoral shaft is fairly consistent between the smallest and largest individuals. Although an ontogenetic change from relatively symmetrical to an asymmetrical shape in the fourth trochanter has been suggested previously, the new juvenile specimen shows an asymmetric fourth tro- chanter. Thus, there may not be a consistent ontogenetic pattern in trochanteric morphology. An isometric relationship between femoral circumference and femoral length is confirmed for Edmontosaurus.
    [Show full text]
  • Competition Structured a Late Cretaceous Megaherbivorous Dinosaur Assemblage Jordan C
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Competition structured a Late Cretaceous megaherbivorous dinosaur assemblage Jordan C. Mallon 1,2 Modern megaherbivore community richness is limited by bottom-up controls, such as resource limitation and resultant dietary competition. However, the extent to which these same controls impacted the richness of fossil megaherbivore communities is poorly understood. The present study investigates the matter with reference to the megaherbivorous dinosaur assemblage from the middle to upper Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada. Using a meta-analysis of 21 ecomorphological variables measured across 14 genera, contemporaneous taxa are demonstrably well-separated in ecomorphospace at the family/subfamily level. Moreover, this pattern is persistent through the approximately 1.5 Myr timespan of the formation, despite continual species turnover, indicative of underlying structural principles imposed by long-term ecological competition. After considering the implications of ecomorphology for megaherbivorous dinosaur diet, it is concluded that competition structured comparable megaherbivorous dinosaur communities throughout the Late Cretaceous of western North America. Te question of which mechanisms regulate species coexistence is fundamental to understanding the evolution of biodiversity1. Te standing diversity (richness) of extant megaherbivore (herbivores weighing ≥1,000 kg) com- munities appears to be mainly regulated by bottom-up controls2–4 as these animals are virtually invulnerable to top-down down processes (e.g., predation) when fully grown. Tus, while the young may occasionally succumb to predation, fully-grown African elephants (Loxodonta africana), rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum and Diceros bicornis), hippopotamuses (Hippopotamus amphibius), and girafes (Girafa camelopardalis) are rarely targeted by predators, and ofen show indiference to their presence in the wild5.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological Variation in the Hadrosauroid Dentary Morfologisk Variation I Det Hadrosauroida Dentärbenet
    Examensarbete vid Institutionen för geovetenskaper Degree Project at the Department of Earth Sciences ISSN 1650-6553 Nr 398 Morphological Variation in the Hadrosauroid Dentary Morfologisk variation i det hadrosauroida dentärbenet D. Fredrik K. Söderblom INSTITUTIONEN FÖR GEOVETENSKAPER DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES Examensarbete vid Institutionen för geovetenskaper Degree Project at the Department of Earth Sciences ISSN 1650-6553 Nr 398 Morphological Variation in the Hadrosauroid Dentary Morfologisk variation i det hadrosauroida dentärbenet D. Fredrik K. Söderblom ISSN 1650-6553 Copyright © D. Fredrik K. Söderblom Published at Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University (www.geo.uu.se), Uppsala, 2017 Abstract Morphological Variation in the Hadrosauroid Dentary D. Fredrik K. Söderblom The near global success reached by hadrosaurid dinosaurs during the Cretaceous has been attributed to their ability to masticate (chew). This behavior is more commonly recognized as a mammalian adaptation and, as a result, its occurrence in a non-mammalian lineage should be accompanied with several evolutionary modifications associated with food collection and processing. The current study investigates morphological variation in a specific cranial complex, the dentary, a major element of the hadrosauroid lower jaw. 89 dentaries were subjected to morphometric and statistical analyses to investigate the clade’s taxonomic-, ontogenetic-, and individual variation in dentary morphology. Results indicate that food collection and processing became more efficient in saurolophid hadrosaurids through a complex pattern of evolutionary and growth-related changes. The diastema (space separating the beak from the dental battery) grew longer relative to dentary length, specializing food collection anteriorly and food processing posteriorly. The diastema became ventrally directed, hinting at adaptations to low-level grazing, especially in younger individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • Large Dinosaur Bonebed Deposited As Debris Flow
    LARGE DINOSAUR BONEBED DEPOSITED AS DEBRIS FLOW: LANCE FORMATION NIOBRARA COUNTY, WYOMING WEEKS, Summer Rose, Earth and Biological Sciences, Loma Linda University, Griggs Hall, 11065 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, CHADWICK, Arthur V., Geology, Southwestern Adventist University, 100 Magnolia, Keene, TX 76059 and BRAND, Leonard R., Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, [email protected] Almost thirteen thousand bones and fragments have been collected from a mostly monospecific assemblage of Edmontosaurus annectens, in the Upper Cretaceous Lance Formation in east central Wyoming in the Powder River Basin. In this area the Lance Formation is interpreted as continental deposits of coastal plains, meandering streams, and associated flood plains (Committee, 1965). The bonebed contains disarticulated skeletal remains of Edmontosaurus annectens including Edmontosaurus skull bones as well as postcranial elements, and teeth of scavengers such as Tyrannosaurus rex, Troodon, Dromaeosaurus, and Nanotyrannus. The bones are in the form of a matrix supported, normally graded, one meter thick bed. The bed contains a matrix of silty claystone bounded on top by a flat lying fine-grained sandstone and on the bottom by a sandstone that transitions laterally into mudstone. The quarry, as currently exposed, covers an area of 50,000 square meters. The normally graded nature of the bonebed gives evidence that the bones and matrix were deposited as a subaqueous debris flow, thus representing a single sedimentation event for the estimated 500 or more dinosaurs. References Cited Committee, W. G. A. T. S. (1965). Geologic History of Powder River Basin. Aapg Bulletin, 49(11), 1893-1907.
    [Show full text]
  • Edmontosaurus Annectens (Ornithischia, Hadrosauridae) Femur Documents a Previously Unreported Intermediate Growth Stage for This Taxon Andrew A
    Vertebrate Anatomy Morphology Palaeontology 7:59–67 59 ISSN 2292-1389 A juvenile cf. Edmontosaurus annectens (Ornithischia, Hadrosauridae) femur documents a previously unreported intermediate growth stage for this taxon Andrew A. Farke1,2,3,* and Eunice Yip2 1Raymond M. Alf Museum of Paleontology, 1175 West Baseline Road, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA 2The Webb Schools, 1175 West Baseline Road, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA 3Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd. Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA; [email protected] Abstract: A nearly complete, but isolated, femur of a small hadrosaurid from the Hell Creek Formation of Montana is tentatively referred to Edmontosaurus annectens. At 28 cm long, the element can be classified as likely that from an ‘early juvenile’ individual, approximately 24% of the maximum known femur length for this species. Specimens from this size range and age class have not been described previously for E. annectens. Notable trends with increasing body size include increasingly distinct separation of the femoral head and greater trochanter, relative increase in the size of the cranial trochanter, a slight reduction in the relative breadth of the fourth trochanter, and a relative increase in the prominence of the cranial intercondylar groove. The gross profile of the femoral shaft is fairly consistent between the smallest and largest individuals. Although an ontogenetic change from relatively symmetrical to an asymmetrical shape in the fourth trochanter has been suggested previously, the new juvenile specimen shows an asymmetric fourth tro- chanter. Thus, there may not be a consistent ontogenetic pattern in trochanteric morphology. An isometric relationship between femoral circumference and femoral length is confirmed for Edmontosaurus.
    [Show full text]
  • The Global Vegetation Pattern Across the Cretaceous–Paleogene Mass Extinc- Tion Interval: a Template for Other Extinction Events
    ÔØ ÅÒÙ×Ö ÔØ The global vegetation pattern across the Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinc- tion interval: A template for other extinction events Vivi Vajda, Antoine Bercovici PII: S0921-8181(14)00147-7 DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.07.014 Reference: GLOBAL 2154 To appear in: Global and Planetary Change Received date: 9 March 2013 Revised date: 21 July 2014 Accepted date: 30 July 2014 Please cite this article as: Vajda, Vivi, Bercovici, Antoine, The global vegetation pattern across the Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction interval: A template for other extinc- tion events, Global and Planetary Change (2014), doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.07.014 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT The global vegetation pattern across the Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction interval: a template for other extinction events Vivi Vajda a,*, Antoine Bercovici a a Department of Geology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden. *Corresponding author. Tel.: + 46 46 222 4635 E.mail address: [email protected]; (V. Vajda) ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 Abstract Changes in pollen and spore assemblages across the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary elucidate the vegetation response to a global environmental crisis triggered by an asteroid impact in Mexico 66 Ma.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Definite Lambeosaurine Bone from the Liscomb Bonebed Of
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The First Defnite Lambeosaurine Bone From the Liscomb Bonebed of the Upper Cretaceous Prince Creek Received: 30 September 2018 Accepted: 1 March 2019 Formation, Alaska, United States Published: xx xx xxxx Ryuji Takasaki 1, Anthony R. Fiorillo 2, Yoshitsugu Kobayashi3, Ronald S. Tykoski2 & Paul J. McCarthy4 The Prince Creek Formation of Alaska, a rock unit that represents lower coastal plain and delta deposits, is one of the most important formations in the world for understanding vertebrate ecology in the Arctic during the Cretaceous. Here we report on an isolated cranial material, supraoccipital, of a lambeosaurine hadrosaurid from the Liscomb Bonebed of the Prince Creek Formation. The lambeosaurine supraoccipital has well-developed squamosal bosses and a short sutural surface with the exoccipital-opisthotic complex, and is similar to lambeosaurine supraoccipitals from the Dinosaur Park Formation in having anteriorly positioned squamosal bosses. Afnities with Canadian lambeosaurines elucidate more extensive faunal exchange between the Arctic and lower paleolatitudes which was previously suggested by the presence of Edmontosaurus, Pachyrhinosaurus, tyrannosaurids, and troodontids in both regions. The presence of one lambeosaurine and nine hadrosaurine supraoccipitals in the Liscomb Bonebed suggests hadrosaurine dominated faunal structure as in the Careless Creek Quarry of the USA that was also deposited under a near-shore environment. It difers from the lambeosaurine dominant structures of localities in Russia and China interpreted as inland environments. This may suggest that lambeosaurines had less preference for near-shore environments than hadrosaurines in both Arctic and lower paleolatitudes. Vertebrate animals in the Arctic have experienced physiological, behavioral, and morphological adaptations to survive in an extreme environment1–3.
    [Show full text]
  • Over 13,000 Elements from a Single Bonebed Help Elucidate Disarticulation and Transport of an Edmontosaurus Thanatocoenosis
    PLOS ONE RESEARCH ARTICLE Over 13,000 elements from a single bonebed help elucidate disarticulation and transport of an Edmontosaurus thanatocoenosis 1 2 3 3 Keith Snyder , Matthew McLainID , Jared WoodID *, Arthur ChadwickID 1 Biology Department, Southern Adventist University, Collegedale, TN, United States of America, 2 Biological and Physical Sciences, The Master's University, Santa Clarita, CA, United States of America, 3 Department of Biological Sciences, Southwestern Adventist University, Keene, TX, United States of America a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract Over twenty years of work on the Hanson Ranch (HR) Bonebed in the Lance Formation of eastern Wyoming has yielded over 13,000 individual elements primarily of the hadrosaurid dinosaur Edmontosaurus annectens. The fossil bones are found normally-graded within a OPEN ACCESS fine-grained (claystone to siltstone) bed that varies from one to two meters in thickness. Citation: Snyder K, McLain M, Wood J, Chadwick Almost all specimens exhibit exquisite preservation (i.e., little to no abrasion, weathering, A (2020) Over 13,000 elements from a single and breakage), but they are disarticulated which, combined with our sedimentological bonebed help elucidate disarticulation and observations, suggests that the bones were remobilized and buried after a period of initial transport of an Edmontosaurus thanatocoenosis. PLoS ONE 15(5): e0233182. https://doi.org/ decay and disarticulation of Edmontosaurus carcasses. Because of the large number of 10.1371/journal.pone.0233182 recovered fossil elements, we have been able to gain deeper insight into Edmontosaurus Editor: Jun Liu, Chinese Academy of Sciences, biostratigraphy including disarticulation and transport of skeletal elements.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Arctic Hadrosaurid from the Prince Creek Formation (Lower Maastrichtian) of Northern Alaska
    Editors' choice A new Arctic hadrosaurid from the Prince Creek Formation (lower Maastrichtian) of northern Alaska HIROTSUGU MORI, PATRICK S. DRUCKENMILLER, and GREGORY M. ERICKSON Mori, H., Druckenmiller, P.S., and Erickson, G.M. 2016. A new Arctic hadrosaurid from the Prince Creek Formation (lower Maastrichtian) of northern Alaska. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 61 (1): 15–32. The Liscomb bonebed in the Price Creek Formation of northern Alaska has produced thousands of individual bones of a saurolophine hadrosaurid similar to Edmontosaurus; however, the specific identity of this taxon has been unclear, in part because the vast majority of the remains represent immature individuals. In this study, we address the taxonomic status of the Alaskan material through a comparative and quantitative morphological analysis of juvenile as well several near adult-sized specimens with particular reference to the two known species of Edmontosaurus, as well as a cladistic analysis using two different matrices for Hadrosauroidea. In the comparative morphological analysis, we introduce a quantitative method using bivariate plots to address ontogenetic variation. Our comparative anatomical analysis reveals that the Alaskan saurolophine possesses a unique suite of characters that distinguishes it from Edmontosaurus, including a premaxillary circumnarial ridge that projects posterolaterally without a premaxillary vestibular promontory, a shallow groove lateral to the posterodorsal premaxillary foramen, a relatively narrow jugal process of the postorbital lacking a postorbital pocket, a relatively tall maxilla, a relatively gracile jugal, a more strongly angled posterior margin of the anterior process of the jugal, wide lateral exposure of the quadratojugal, and a short symphyseal process of the dentary. The cladistic analyses consistently recover the Alaskan saurolophine as the sister taxon to Edmontosaurus annectens + Edmontosaurus regalis.
    [Show full text]
  • Depositional Model of a Late Cretaceous Dinosaur Fossil Concentration, Lance Formation Summer Rose Weeks
    Loma Linda University TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects 9-2016 Depositional Model of a Late Cretaceous Dinosaur Fossil Concentration, Lance Formation Summer Rose Weeks Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd Part of the Geology Commons, and the Paleontology Commons Recommended Citation Weeks, Summer Rose, "Depositional Model of a Late Cretaceous Dinosaur Fossil Concentration, Lance Formation" (2016). Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects. 405. http://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/405 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects by an authorized administrator of TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY School of Medicine in conjunction with the Faculty of Graduate Studies ____________________ Depositional Model of a Late Cretaceous Dinosaur Fossil Concentration, Lance Formation by Summer Rose Weeks ____________________ A Thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Masters of Science in Geology ____________________ September 2016 © 2016 Summer Rose Weeks All Rights Reserved Each person whose signature appears below certifies that this thesis in his/her opinion is adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree Master of Science. , Chairperson Leonard Brand, Professor of Biology and Paleontology Arthur V. Chadwick, Professor of Biology, Southwestern Adventist University Kevin E. Nick, Associate Professor of Geology iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Financial support for this research has come from Loma Linda University.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 “Every Man Is a Valuable Member of Society Who by His Observations, Researches, and Experiments Procures Knowledge for Men
    Name: GEOL 104 Dinosaurs: A Natural History Smithsonian Assignment DUE ONLINE: November 16 (0101) or November 19 (FCH1) “Every man is a valuable member of society who by his observations, researches, and experiments procures knowledge for men.” -James Smithson (1765-1829), a British natural historian whose legacy of over $500,000 was given to the government of the United States of America for the creation of “an Establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge”: the Smithsonian Institution. The Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) has one of the largest collections of dinosaur and other fossils in the world. The Smithsonian museums are free; hours for the NMNH are 10 am to 5:30 pm 7 days a week. You can take the Metro from the College Park Station to any of a number of stations near the Museum. The quickest route is the Green Line from the UMd-College Park Station to Archives/Navy Memorial/Penn Quarter: you don’t have to change trains, and the NMNH is just on the other side of the Archives Building. For this exercise you may wish to bring along the anatomy sheets available on ELMS. You may work in teams and discuss your answers; however ALL WORK YOU TURN IN MUST BE YOUR OWN. (I have caught and reported a number of students in the past you have cheated by copying each other’s work: please don’t make me do that again…). To comply with University Senate regulations, this assignment is covered by the University’s Honor Code: I pledge on my honor that I have not given or received any unauthorized assistance on this assignment NOTE: Use your OWN OBSERVATIONS in order to answer the questions.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Cranial Description of the Types of Edmontosaurus Regalis
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Supplementary cranial description of the types of Edmontosaurus regalis (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae), with comments on the phylogenetics and biogeography of Hadrosaurinae Hai Xing1*, Jordan C. Mallon2, Margaret L. Currie2 a1111111111 a1111111111 1 Beijing Museum of Natural History, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China, 2 Palaeobiology, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada a1111111111 a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 Abstract The cranial anatomy of the flat-skulled hadrosaurine Edmontosaurus regalis (Ornithischia: OPEN ACCESS Hadrosauridae) is extensively described here, based on the holotype and paratype collected Citation: Xing H, Mallon JC, Currie ML (2017) Supplementary cranial description of the types of from the middle part of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation in southern Alberta. Focus is Edmontosaurus regalis (Ornithischia: given to previously undocumented features of ontogenetic and phylogenetic importance. Hadrosauridae), with comments on the This description facilitates overall osteological comparisons between E. regalis and other phylogenetics and biogeography of Hadrosaurinae. hadrosaurids (especially E. annectens), and revises the diagnosis of E. regalis, to which a PLoS ONE 12(4): e0175253. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0175253 new autapomorphy (the dorsal half of the jugal anterior process bearing a sharp posterolat- eral projection into the orbit) is added. We consider the recently named Ugrunaaluk kuukpi- Editor: Anthony Fiorillo, Perot Museum of Nature and Science, UNITED STATES kensis from the upper Campanian/lower Maastrichtian of Alaska a nomen dubium, and conservatively regard the Alaskan material as belonging to Edmontosaurus sp.. A phyloge- Received: December 26, 2016 netic analysis of Hadrosauroidea using maximum parsimony further corroborates the sister- Accepted: March 22, 2017 taxon relationship between E.
    [Show full text]