2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 65

THE BIG TREES AND SHRUBS OF MICHIGAN

Elwood B. Ehrle Michigan Big Tree Coordinator Dept. of Biological Sciences Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, MI 49008 [email protected]

ABSTRACT The history and development of Michigan’s Big Tree and Shrub Program is described. Specifi- cations are given on how to measure and report potential champion-sized trees and shrubs. A list of 678 individual trees and shrubs is presented along with their measurements and locations. State and current and former National Champions are designated. An additional list sorted by counties is pre- sented. Some of these trees and shrubs haven’t been re-measured for many years. Readers are urged to become active in visiting and re-measuring them.

INTRODUCTION

This paper presents a revision and expansion of “The Champion Trees and Shrubs of Michigan,” published in The Michigan Botanist (vol. 42, #1, pp 3–46) in 2003. Many changes have occurred in the lists of Champion Trees and Shrubs since that paper was published. Additional species have been included, new champions have been found, and, regrettably, some of our fine former champi- ons have been lost to ice and wind storms, lightning strikes, road commissions, and development. The 2003 list contained 81 genera, 217 species and varieties, and 252 items. The list presented herein contains 86 genera, 298 species and varieties, and 678 items. The additional species and varieties are largely the result of Robert Bloye’s study of the trees of the Michigan State University campus in East Lans- ing, Stu Bassett’s studies at the Kellogg Biological Station near Gull Lake in Kalamazoo County, Jeff Boddy’s studies at Leila Arboretum in Battle Creek in Calhoun County, along with those of Richard Pomorsky, Gail McPherson and others who contributed to the annual Big Tree Hunt sponsored by Global ReLeaf of Michigan. Since 2003, the author has measured 49 champion and sub-cham- pion trees, all of which are included here, plus many others that were too small to be included. Much of the material in the next several paragraphs has appeared in The Michigan Botanist in earlier versions of this paper. They are repeated here, and in some cases expanded, so as to be available to Michigan Botanical Club mem- bers and others who take this paper into the field when searching for big trees and shrubs. Reducing all this to a literature citation wouldn’t be of much use to them when they are in the field. 66 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45

The very large increase in the total number of items is due to the decision to include most of the “Michigan Big Tree and Shrub Inventory.” This list of 953 trees first put together in 1997 was not published previously because the data- base on which it was built contained too many errors. In the intervening years, I have culled many of these and deleted some data from old records. Trees re- ported in many of the old records most likely no longer exist. Errors certainly remain in this larger list. Data were available on 1132 trees, but 445 have been excluded. I entrust this list to the members of the Michigan Botanical Club to make additional corrections, additions, and deletions over time. American Forests is also taking steps to “clean up” the National Register of Big Trees. Eventually, they want to exclude all National Champions that haven’t been re-measured in the last ten years. They are beginning by asking for re-mea- surement of all National Champions that haven’t been re-measured since 1980. This will be an ongoing challenge for Michigan since we have over 50 National Champions on their list. Many of these have not been visited or re-measured in the last ten years. Anyone willing to help with this work is urged to contact me for whatever locational data I might have. Whenever possible, GPS data have been recorded for trees measured during the last few years. The GPS coordinates should enable anyone with a GPS unit to locate these trees anywhere in the state within 30 feet. American Forests has published the National Register of Big Trees since the 1940s with the support of the Davey Tree Expert Company and State Coordina- tors in each of the states. As American Forests is organized the big tree work comes under the Global ReLeaf part of the organization. Its purposes are to raise awareness of the importance of trees in our lives, raise funds to plant trees in many parts of the planet, including Michigan, and record just how big some of our woody species can get to be. Global ReLeaf has also recently produced soft- ware through which a community can analyze the percent tree cover in both towns and rural areas. Some woody species get to be very large under the forces of genetics and nat- ural selection. All plants that share ecosystems are competing for light, water, nutrition and space. There are winners and losers in this competition. Besides ge- netics and natural selection some members of a species get to be very large and others don’t due to the vagaries of logging, slope, location, fire and drought. The best information on how large a species can get to be is contained in the National Register of Big Trees and state reports such as the one published here. Every year still bigger examples are found and previous champions are lost. To keep up with these changes, the National Register of Big Trees is published every two years, the Michigan list every three years in recent times. The Big Tree Program of the Michigan Botanical Club started soon after the organization of the club in 1941. Paul Thompson, affiliated with the Cranbrook Institute of Sciences, became the state’s Big Tree Coordinator and served in that capacity for over forty years until his death in 1994. Many individuals, mostly Michigan Botanical Club members, worked with Paul over the years as he set about discovering, measuring, and recording Michigan’s biggest trees and shrubs. Champion size trees were reported to American Forests, nomi- nated for National Champion status, and subsequently listed in the National 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 67

Register of Big Trees, issued every two years by American Forests. The Michi- gan list of State Champions continues to evolve and expand. For an earlier record which will facilitate comparison with the current list see Thompson (1975 and 1986). I began my work with Paul Thompson in 1991. We had decided to prepare a series of short articles for publication in The Michigan Botanist. Paul described trees he thought I could find, gave me careful directions to their locations, and I began a new set of measurements. About two dozen trees had been located and re-measured before his death in 1994. The series of articles in The Michigan Botanist has continued to grow. As of the October, 2005 issue, 49 have been published and another sixteen have been submitted. These articles are described in the next section of this paper and listed in Table 1. Paul Thompson had an amazing ability to recall instantly a great many details about each champion tree or shrub and its location. He enjoyed telling me whether the approach road was paved or gravel, whether the farmhouse the tree stood beside had bay windows or not, and, oh yes, “There is a woodpecker hole on the northeast side of the trunk.” When I learned of his death, I feared that all of this had been lost. Much of it has been, of course, but not all. Through the kindness of his family and the efforts of friends, George and Kathleen Thomson (no relation to Paul), his meticulous and voluminous notes were preserved. The notes contained information on 3734 individual trees and shrubs in Michigan. In some cases, the measurements were exact and the locations were precise. In other cases, measurements were approximations and locations were described only in cryptic hints. 1 Sorting through Paul Thompson’s records took 2 ⁄2 years. That work resulted in The Michigan Botanist series of articles, and the 1997 paper updating Paul’s 1994 list of champions, published as Ehrle (1997). Based on Paul Thompson’s records, the four or five largest of each species were entered into a computer database known as the “Michigan Big Tree and Shrub Inventory.” The 227 items in the 1997 list of champions were subsets extracted from the larger database. The database has been updated periodically. The most recent update provided the information for this paper. Native and non-native species have been included in the Michigan lists from the beginning of the big tree work in the state in order to make the lists as inclu- sive as possible. The National Register of Big Trees includes native and “natu- ralized” species with the definition of naturalized continuing to evolve over time. Then again, they include the Giant Saguaro Cactus as a “tree or shrub” which perplexes some non-desert people. Paul Thompson and the people who worked with him discovered many of the champions and sub-champions included in the database. Through their efforts, at one time Michigan had more recorded National Champions standing within its borders than most other states. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Paul Thompson and in salute to his outstanding contributions to Michigan botany and to the Michigan Botanical Club. 68 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45

THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST BIG TREE ARTICLES

With the agreement of the editor of The Michigan Botanist and the endorse- ment of the Michigan Botanical Club Board of Directors, a series of articles on Michigan’s big trees was started in The Michigan Botanist in 1992 (see Table 1). Each article provides a description and illustration of the species along with the location of the champion, directions on how to reach it, and its most recent mea- surements. Consulting these papers before going out to search for a particular tree can be a useful time saver. The third paper in this series reports on a tree that has since been lost in a storm. Reprints of these articles are available from Elwood B. Ehrle.

HOW TO MEASURE AND REPORT A BIG TREE

National and State Champion status is based on a point system. The number 1 of points is obtained by adding the circumference of the trunk, in inches, 4 ⁄2′ 1 above the ground to the height in feet and ⁄4 of the average crown spread in feet. Trees or shrubs that are within 5 points of one another are considered to be co- champions. The circumference of the trunk is usually the easiest measurement to make. A 1 tape can be run around the trunk at 4 ⁄2′ above the ground or a string can be used if a long tape is not available. In situations where the tree grows on a steep slope, 1 there may be some uncertainty as to just where on the trunk 4 ⁄2′ comes. In these 1 cases, it is best to measure the circumference at 4 ⁄2′ on both the up-slope and down-slope sides and average them together. If a tree trunk branches below 1 1 4 ⁄2′, the least circumference between 4 ⁄2 feet and the ground should be measured. The height is best determined by using a clinometer, Abney Hand Level, transit, or other instrument for measuring the angle formed by sighting the base and top of the tree. If this angle is measured 100′ from the tree, a table of tangents can be used to convert the number of degrees of the angle to the height of the tree in feet. Some modern clinometers, besides providing the angle from base to top, will also provide the height as a percentage of the distance from the tree. This feature is most useful in association with a laser range finder to measure the dis- tance to the tree. If instruments to measure the angle, are not available a straight stick can be used by backing away from the tree to measure its height. Hold the stick at arm’s length while backing away from the tree. When far enough from the tree to sight over the hand holding the stick to the base of the tree and over the top of the stick to the top of the tree, you are at a distance from the tree equal to the height of the tree. For this to be accurate, you must be on ground level with the tree base. There are several other more or less reliable methods of measuring the heights of trees. If a tree stands alone and casts a shadow on a sunny day, the length of the shadow can be measured and compared to the shadow cast by a yardstick. For instance, if the yardstick (3′) casts a 6′ shadow (each foot of the yardstick casts a 2′ shadow) and the tree casts a 120′ shadow, the height of the 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 69

TABLE 1. The Michigan Botanist Big Tree Articles Thus Far Published Mich. Bot. Volume Article # Page & Year 1. Populus balsamifera L. 31: 112–114 (1992) Balsam Poplar 2. Populus tremuloides Michx. 32: 232–234 (1993) Quaking Aspen 3. Quercus bicolor Willd. 32: 266–268 (1993) Swamp White Oak 4. Pinus banksiana Lamb. 33: 19–21 (1994) Jack Pine 5. Pinus resinosa Ait. 33: 69–71 (1994) Red Pine 6. Magnolia acuminata (L.) L. 33: 91–93 (1994) Cucumber Tree 7. Quercus alba L. 33: 125–127 (1994) White Oak 8. Quercus rubra L. 34: 79–81 (1995) Red Oak 9. Ginkgo biloba L. 34: 133–134 (1995) Ginkgo 10. Tilia americana L. 34: 141–143 (1995) Basswood 11. Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. 34: 144–146 (1995) Red Ash 12. Morus rubra L. 34: 147–149 (1995) Red Mulberry 13. Quercus macrocarpa Michx. 35: 27–29 (1996) Bur Oak 14. Gleditsia triacanthos L. 35: 51–53 (1996) Honeylocust 15. Populus deltoides Marsh. 35: 54–56 (1996) Cottonwood 16. Salix nigra Marsh. 35: 96–98 (1996) Black Willow 17. Pinus nigra var. austriaca 35: 99–101 (1996) (Hoess.) Aschers. Black Pine 18. Fraxinus americana L. 36: 119–120 (1997) White Ash 19. Acer platanoides L. 36: 121–123 (1997) Norway Maple 20. Ostrya virginiana (Miller) K. Koch 37: 14–16 (1998) Ironwood or Hop–hornbeam 21. Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Bork. 37: 59–61 (1998) American Chestnut 22. Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. 37: 62–63 (1998) American Beech 23. Acer saccharum Marsh. 37: 117–119 (1998) Sugar Maple 24. Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. 38: 42–44 (1999) Bald-cypress 25. Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) 38: 45–47 (1999) Buckholz Giant sequoia (Continued) 70 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45

TABLE 1. The Michigan Botanist Big Tree Articles Thus Far Published Mich. Bot. Volume Article # Page & Year 26. Acer pseudoplatanus L. 39: 51–52 (2000) Sycamore Maple 27. Prunus pensylvanica L.f. 41: 13–14 (2002) Pin Cherry 28. Salix koidzuna f. tortuosa Rehder 41: 15–17 (2002) Corkscrew Willow 29. Betula papyrifera Marsh. var. cordifolia 41: 94–96 (2003) (Regel) Fern. Mt. Paper Birch 30. Betula pendula Roth. 41: 97–99 (2003) European White Birch 31. Acer saccharinum L. 41:101–103 (2003) Silver Maple 32. Platanus occidentalis L. 41:104–106 (2003) Sycamore 33. Picea abies(L.) Kartsten 42: 47–49 (2003) Norway Spruce 34. Quercus schumardii Buckley 42:161–162 (2003) Southern Red Oak 35. Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush 43: 38–40 (2004) Pumpkin Ash 36. Syringa vulgaris L. 43:128–130 (2004) Common Lilac 37. Diospyros virginiana L. 43:131–132 (2004) Common Persimmon 38. Catalpa bignonioides Walter 43:133–136 (2004) Southern Catalpa 39. Morus alba L. 43:379–381 (2004) White Mulberry 40. Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal 43:399–400 (2004) Pawpaw 41. Quercus meuhlenbergii 43:421–422 (2004) Chinkapin Oak 42. Quercus bicolor 43:423–424 (2004) Swamp White Oak 43. Magnolia ×soulangeana Soul. 44: 9–11 (2005) Saucer Magnolia 44. Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees 44: 75–77 (2005) Sassafras 45. Juniperus virginiana L. 44:105–108 (2005) Eastern Redcedar 46. Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco 44:109–110 (2005) Douglas-fir 47. Acer negundo L. 44:111–112 (2005) Boxelder 48. Quercus velutina Lam. 44:183–184 (2005) Black Oak 49. Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle 44:185–187 (2005) Tree-of-Heaven 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 71 tree is 60′. Another method that works quite well is to have someone of known height, say 6′, stand at the base of the tree. When you back away from the tree holding a yardstick at arms length, you will reach a point where you can measure the apparent height of the person standing at the tree base and the apparent height of the tree from that point. For instance, if the 6′ person measures 6″ on the yardstick (1″ for each foot) held at arm’s length and the tree measures 30″, the height of the tree is 30′. For trees standing in a mixed woods where it may be difficult to be sure which top branches belong to which tree and shadows and long lines of sight are not available, the use of an Abney hand-held level, transit, or other instruments may be necessary. In those cases, County Extension Agents, county or city foresters, college or university personnel or other experienced per- sons may be of help. A most imaginative method for measuring heights was undertaken by a per- son who waited for a very calm day, bought a helium filled balloon from a flower shop, tied it to the end of his fishing line, and let out enough line so the balloon rose to the top of the tree. He then tied a knot in the fishing line and reeled it in. Once the balloon was off, he tied the end of his line to a nearby shrub and backed away until he found his knot. With a tape measure it was easy and accurate to measure the distance from the end of the line to the knot. Voilà! He had his height. The average crown spread can be measured by examining the farthest extent of the crown on all sides of the tree. You then measure the tip-to-tip distance across the largest crown length. Do the same at right angles to the first and aver- age the two. The average is known as the average crown spread. To report a big tree, first determine the identity of the tree. It will not be suf- ficient to say, “It is some kind of oak,” unless you are prepared to send leaves, twig tips and acorns in with your measurements. Personnel from your County Extension Service or a nearby college or university may be able to help you con- firm the identity of the tree. Second, take the measurements described above. If 1 this is not practical, at least measure the girth in inches at 4 ⁄2′ above the ground. Finally, send the name of the tree, its exact location, and measurements to the State’s Big Tree Coordinator, (for the near future the author of this paper). This will insure consideration of the tree for inclusion in the state’s Big Tree Inven- tory. It is hoped that GPS records can be included to more accurately indicate the location. You can always find out who the big tree coordinator is for any state in the country by contacting the Director, National Big Tree Program, American Forests, PO Box 2000, Washington D.C. 20013 (www.americanforests.org).

COMMENTS ON THE LIST OF THE BIG TREES & SHRUBS OF MICHIGAN

Much of the information in the list of the big trees and shrubs of Michigan (Table 2) is self-explanatory. In Tables 2 and 5 the State and National Champi- ons are in bold face with the National Champions followed by an asterisk. Table 3 presents a list of the abbreviations used. Table 4 presents an alphabetical list of 72 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r = 1 3 1 2 3 3 8 6 3 3 4 5 a 0 0 6 0 0 0 6 9 8 0 0 0 e G 0 0 9 0 0 0 9 9 9 0 0 0 Y 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 . k s i r e e t n l e e n n s l l o r n o o r r a s h s o s e e h h r r e e s n p p y y & E e e E E y y p & a ) o o . h s . . s l o l o m m y w l l ( l m h y l P B e o o d B B r B B c o b e c B B u d e h h r t t d t h d d t t a o v d r r T T o l r W M r o o S r T e i e e B l e o l e t e o o . l l d i b b s a b b f u u J u M w w w e f a c . o o b o l o a a l l a r i e D R P G R R P E P R O E & J E F d n i ″ e t r e 5 s – t a i 8 n ″ s ′ i r i ″ s 5 ″ 1 l 4 r - . h n 4 1 8 2 t h 3 ′ . - c o 1 4 l 2 c 3 . 7 n i 7 . i . l ′ m e i 3 7 p 2 3 m 0 3 ′ e G 1 7 1 2 k u G ′ 2 . m 8 ′ m h i ° e ° 9 a 5 9 2 p r e & 2 e 4 ° t n 2 h 0 & r 2 r o d i . 4 I 8 ° 2 ° 4 ° t . a C a m e i S C 4 1 6 8 4 e y c N s . o l . u d s s ) W 8 4 4 r l 8 l n t a i - s l e e u W H R . e H o ″ N n t a - a n m W W f d r s i s A ″ 8 e e r o - - ) s l u 0 o i H o l k R ″ l 9 0 ″ t ′ f ′ n w t T . l r i 1 i m b e s i 6 7 7 3 a 5 a o 5 n e S y . . 2 r e r k . P 6 2 t 7 9 o r D c N W 2 2 . . P 5 d o W r s n 8 7 A ( C e 5 4 2 2 . n b . n f f r a a ′ ′ ′ ′ u n n t n r E r n 7 a e 2 a o o t P 3 3 4 4 e o e o e r t × 2 o M 1 i A e t # e 4 4 4 4 . e e e s m t ° o ° C 4 s ⁄ t ° ° ° ° r f n L l a 1 a d c d w 4 5 w i l f b v i k 2 2 2 2 i o o n t t c i 8 8 a 1 s e s o o c + 4 4 4 4 e e e F o e r E 1 o r W T G E 1 B S B B W W L l S S L N W N N N H o t + n e G r ( r u = . C s t . P e y y c d t t y y k i i t t a n r i i f s s a a s s r r r r t d e e P l e e e v v o i i v v e e n i i t f b n n o n n a i t t n n U U i U U i c S s . b e e l n . d e e e t t l p t u t t i u r a l a a a w a a J a t t e t H t k M e C r T S S n s r e p S S p . e d o e n e t e e s l A c l n n t t m n n r n g o d l t t e a i c a a i r i n u M a a n a e e C n fi t n e m m p a y v g g p o u g g i m m u t u n i i a S w n i i a a n u n e h m o l a a k a q n q o l m n t h h o o e h h c y h h i a e o h t r c t r h h k r r r a u c c c r c l c t r w a g g a a n i i n o a g i g i c n a u o h o a u o i l a a o n n o n n e C M M L W C H M O P P O N I M I M I M T I S I B C M B g e a t . r a e S t 2 5 3 4 7 8 0 8 8 2 7 4 . v S 4 2 3 4 2 3 1 3 2 4 3 3 a C . = n . a 0 0 9 5 6 1 9 1 8 2 1 0 S g H 7 0 8 4 1 9 . 6 4 9 7 8 i 1 1 h C c , i t e 7 9 9 7 4 6 9 7 7 8 5 2 M G e 7 5 7 4 8 8 5 3 8 7 9 f f o n i s t b s 8 5 9 2 8 4 1 8 2 9 5 3 t h u 5 6 7 0 0 8 2 2 9 8 5 8 r P g 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 i h e S h d = n a H s , e t e e r e f T 2 ⁄ 1 g i 4 a B t r l s i a l i a r r a a a e e r r e y p F s e e e o o s h o o i i e l l h m l l e m l r T n d m m m o o a p o o h a o r e e a a a a r r c r c n i c c s r o c s . i i N i i s s s l i l r r n n a m r m l l l n n r r r r n a 2 F i i i F F F a o i i i i r n a a a a o o o F o o r u F F b c c f g h o F b b b c F c F h F E n r h N m m m m i t e e s s s s s s e c s s s s s s L m e e a o a a a t t n t t e e e e s e e e e e e e n e s i i s h s s n k i i i i i i i i i B i i i i i i m l l t l l a t a k h h a h h r b b b b b b b b b b i b b o a r i a a a a A i L A B T g C A B A B A A B W A A W W A W A F A G A M A N 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 73 ) 5 5 5 9 5 5 4 3 6 5 3 3 d 6 0 0 9 9 9 0 0 7 0 0 0 e 9 0 0 9 9 9 0 0 9 0 0 0 u 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 n i t n o e l C e n & ( r l n & n a r r h o e e o i e e e & s h e e s s y y m E k y y k r t p e e r r o o E . y s r t e r r o o l l e e t r l a l . e m d B l T T h B s B o o P y y d B B B a m s P t d t r r h g g o t t a m n i i t t c r r d o m W r r T s s B i o o e e B e e o B B o i i f r l M f P f b b Z b b o g g a u i w f u . . A A o o e e . o l o l h a t e w l B R R C S A A R R P G J R E R S R E ″ ″ . t 3 r 3 t a ′ 7 6 . . 9 C ″ g 4 2 – 3 4 n 2 e 5 i ′ 2 ′ 4 r ′ ′ . n . n 9 3 a 3 9 0 o a 6 2 i 4 ′ s 0 7 2 e ° t C ° l 9 ° d 0 1 4 a y . . 2 2 2 . - t n 8 a l 5 4 4 ° 4 t g . l S u 3 2 4 s e D a N n d m o W l N ° ° e i l s 8 - y r l a u r 5 5 H b u r l ″ B t c a W 8 8 e a m W e G o i a 6 s e e - s c r k u l r g 0 C ″ r H . H t n m W W e a c n a o o t l 0 - - u ′ e a 3 l t g s e a ′ ′ ′ i b y y i n ″ 6 r 4 P t o e l e o N 2 8 . r e 4 r e i l l 4 o p 8 S t i d 0 3 8 l L 4 o s k 3 7 b A C B w r t ′ a n f 1 3 ° 5 . r o f . ′ . i r W t e o e 8 s o 2 n 2 t g u o t 3 5 4 b H g f 2 A u 4 o 1 n C g e e 4 4 2 B e ° ° e o e p o e A ° ° ° f n a N d m d l 5 4 f . t d l i R i l 2 4 2 o n m o 5 8 8 ° e o s a u s e W 4 4 4 e i a r t r 2 1 0 S E P S 9 B W L N # C K N N P W W N E 3 y t y y y i t t t i i i s s s s r r r r e e e e v i v v v i i i n n n n U e U U U s e e e e t r t t t e a y a a a t t k v t t t i o S w w e k a S S S r r o C o e r a e a e r o o o l n g z r n n n a k n l n e n z T r b b a i a a a a s e e C a r r a n P u u e m v g t t r g g g d m m m i o L b o m i i i A A a e n e h m p h a h a a s n l s t h a h l h h h r v y h s t a s h h h k l l k l a n n r t c l c c c a a a g a a i g c i g i g i c r a a a o u a n n r i h n a n n n W I C G I K J W N M T B M V S I W A M A I K M G 3 0 8 4 6 7 5 4 8 0 0 3 4 2 3 2 4 2 4 2 4 5 6 1 7 0 9 9 7 4 0 4 6 5 6 7 7 3 5 2 3 3 6 5 0 9 4 3 0 0 7 7 7 2 5 2 6 5 8 6 5 7 7 3 4 7 7 3 1 6 7 0 0 7 1 1 7 3 9 1 2 2 7 4 9 4 7 8 1 4 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 a n a m a n i u a e i s n l n i e n n p a e e e r p i n a i a r r r t e e r a i t t t l r e s l e e e a m r i e l s s s e m l l l a l p h e i e M l o m l e e e u p l g F c p p p a a d p p F a d e t p p p r k a p r m r r a a a n r i a s i n r i e n a M i m n o o e o m m m n n a M a M M M u F i r F a a t i M h v n a a a n M b b g g c e c c c g n e e e m r m r s o s s h s r e g g g g d e r r r r r r r r e e e c d k e u u i i i t d i r d r e e d e d e e d e e e p k i i e b i b b b o c c e c e c c e c c c o m m a r e A N N A A A N V T A A H A H A A H A A A H A A P 74 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 3 3 3 2 6 5 0 3 3 a 0 0 0 7 0 7 8 7 0 e 0 0 0 9 0 9 9 9 0 Y 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 e e l l n n , a r r n n t o o n m h , h s o s o a e e e i o l s s a p p y y y E s E f k o p p ) s h f r o o o . . s s r s l l l m m e g e r ( m m n e B B o o f r n B B B h o N o o o b f i . e h h p t d t t d h h e C J v m B m c r r r T T o o r T T i N . o . e e e l o l o e l l L n . M P b b b s u u H D u u J w w . h . o o o . b . l l a a a a o R R P E R P P M J H P O R G E & & l l a y H r e r ″ o e t ″ ″ e s y 3 e s - s 7 6 v ′ u a 9 t i d 5 . 8 0 m e o . . a 0 e R 7 e M d 7 5 o ′ 1 H ′ r 9 a ′ C . o t 9 d 9 o R s 9 4 o S 2 n n 2 e 2 R z e 0 l ° n ° o a l ° ° n i a 4 l n l 4 e t w 4 t i i 2 I o l l 8 8 c s l i o m 8 s v a 4 i e y a e a r k r r t C W l M W N r t r W c T h H ″ a f m - - a o u a 9 c . r ′ ″ ″ 8 o e s l o t n J K B l a i 0 8 9 0 e k l r . o S 0 F f f 1 1 3 e a M e G R . . 9 d & 8 o o 7 n b . n 4 3 5 L w i 1 n e ′ ′ ′ s n n u r 0 & t k S o e a 3 l 4 4 3 e i a o h o 4 n i i s 4 e e 4 4 4 s L H ° t C c a M m ° ° ° o n r a u m f 3 f w f i b o 2 2 2 p a t c l 6 o 8 o o R 5 W e 4 4 4 p e h o a . 2 N E 0 B N N 2 S T N S N L N W N O W y y y t t t i i i s s s y r r r t e e e i ) i v v v C i i i v n n n o d l s N U U U u n ( b b e e e e o u t t t e u l l m l G a a a l a n t t t i C e f e C l a v S S S w w . r l e o . t i n h C t a a t e A t c n n n t h t o . n n r t t a M b t e M W a a a r a d M e e n s n e o t n m m m S g y g g u o t t n f i m a n i t i g c a u i M n a a a N n a i q o h h k o g o n n o g q l n h h h f o h h h s s a r f i r c r c e e r m c u c h c l k o l w g g g a a l a o i a a i v i i a u l a u W o o l i o 1 n n n I I I M A M M C M L W W C O W A H 1 M T M N N M M H . S 4 8 0 7 7 7 4 2 9 1 7 3 . 3 2 1 6 2 2 9 0 2 2 1 4 C 1 1 1 1 3 1 5 8 4 6 0 6 0 6 0 9 H 3 3 1 1 5 4 0 7 1 9 1 5 1 1 1 1 0 9 6 2 3 1 9 0 4 5 4 4 G 3 2 8 3 3 1 6 1 7 7 4 1 2 2 2 1 1 s 2 7 4 2 4 2 8 3 6 5 0 4 t 7 6 2 3 9 8 4 5 5 9 1 1 P 1 3 3 3 3 2 3 d m e m e e m m u u l l u e c u u n p p l c i i i c c * a a t p r i i n n a e n n u * a M M o o e o a a e e h o l m v l l d d m M i e v v c l a C n e e d m p i a l l l p p l l n n u e m m y y d a n r a u k p y y a a e . i N p p s r r u u u u a r u s s r n y r a m s r t r r 2 e e a a g g n i M e M M g n n g a a I a n a g g u d d e e i e r - d e i i e e M o l l b M M E i d l h d d N m g m n n n p n n n p p z r e c e e E E L m k k k E e o n r r r r r r r r r r r r p c p p n c c i B r i m x x i i e e e e e e e e e e e e p x t a a a a r r r c c c c c c c c c c c c o u o o l a a o l l t A t t P A L T C A M A A K A B A B B B A B A A A B S A S A S 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 75 ) 4 3 4 2 2 3 7 6 1 7 4 5 3 d 0 0 0 0 7 0 9 8 7 9 0 9 0 e 0 0 0 0 9 0 9 9 9 9 0 9 0 u 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 n i t R n o N e e e l l l C D g r ( r r n n r h h h – o o e e i e s s b y E E E n d k y p p i l n o . . o . s n n l o k l e e r l m m l a i a s B B B f f d B l l o a o o f f n B F t n p p d t d d h h e e a t n m a a a r h o o o r p T T a N N o i e V p o e o o K K l l P . . e P b L b f u u J J w w w e s e f . o . . l . o l l d a a e o o o E R R J H R R P P E H E J J J E r e w ″ o 6 ″ n T 3 . . a 5 b ′ . s ′ k r 5 3 t u 3 d c . 9 o n 5 l ′ p 6 o r 3 0 R . ′ l 8 C 7 M o 6 e l — d . r 9 . 2 C 2 a h v e 4 ° n . 2 8 R w i l t 7 e & d g ° 3 l 4 o r 1 o r s 2 & e a a k ° m ° 4 a 8 y e b – B D v e r A o 2 r T 6 8 h i u r e t H a m N 8 r 8 W c e 5 e n n R r . s e d d - l u r F W a o 9 v o e d l D t b e ″ C u e i w - i i W t W r o 9 e r t r s R ″ 4 - u - n d o n w y o ′ ′ A h 1 y a b r u 1 4 F g f n f n e e o D s 9 . e 7 n f t . I p r 5 – y o a e r a f r . 3 . 4 e 7 r o C M t N e t . c t o k t r u c 3 5 5 e m 4 o t — n m ′ . ′ l e S . e n n S b a i o r u W n d a T S 4 3 7 e u 7 e e i h B e R h e i r t L P s A 4 4 4 e e C t 1 0 s S v D d e 6 W e a ° ° ° ° T i . e i n m 6 7 f 0 0 t w w e c 4 2 2 2 k s t t k s r o 8 5 0 8 i o 9 0 R g A t 5 t e 4 4 4 4 a i e e . r a a 2 0 3 6 8 . 7 4 F N L B 4 L 2 4 B U N B R N N N 2 B N E 0 6 4 , p y i t y i t h i s s s r r n e e 5 s v w i v 9 r i o m n 9 e n r T t 1 U a s U a e s n F r e e i n e i t h g i s t e . c a a r y n t a l h t s t i o e t n y i t r S i C C t v S R a i p p C o a . c f n e t u m r e n S i C r 8 P e l b b r e t o a i e d a a S T i a t s e a t 7 n m n g n a n e g e a s n r m m m U r s d f c i l e 1 i e N l a i d s i a o i t e e a i n o o i a o l h y r s l s h n i h p n s r r C v n n C c h c y c k r e b c r a o a r m g a a a o i a a a . a . i g m r a r e m a e e r u e W t t r n n G L W I M M O M G T E M A S S R 6 C M I W M M B N S B 8 0 2 6 4 2 7 7 8 0 3 7 7 0 5 5 7 7 3 0 4 1 1 1 1 1 4 0 4 4 3 9 0 2 6 2 5 8 8 0 6 5 7 9 4 2 4 7 1 1 1 0 9 8 2 9 6 7 7 8 5 6 6 3 2 7 3 3 1 7 9 9 3 5 5 0 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 4 7 8 0 6 5 5 6 9 3 6 2 7 6 1 8 9 0 0 0 8 3 2 2 2 2 1 3 3 1 3 3 3 e l p a M r e . l s r d u s a e u n v w n a s s t h a e m m m s s e e e t l a c l u u u e e l a d d p e S e e l i i p n n n d d l p l l a i i i i i p o o a p r r r m o p p e e e o o — o n n l l l a a a a m m m M u i a a d M n n e d a a e e e p p p h h h u u u r r l a a u l l l t t e u r r r M c c c e M M a a a t t e b p e r p p p a a l r e b b c c b c a a l l s y a u y y o l l s a a a o M M M a a a d u u u p p p r a a a p p p r r s s r s e m r r r m M M M M w r r r r r r r r r r r r r w w e e e a w a r r r e e e e e e e e e e e e e d v v v d d d c c h l l l c c o c c c c c c c c c c c o o e e e e y y i i i c A A N N N A A A s A A S S R A A R A R A R A S S A S 76 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 0 6 7 4 5 5 7 4 8 2 6 a 7 8 9 9 0 9 9 8 6 0 9 e 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 0 9 Y 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 e n l n n o r a r r r o s o h r n r t e e s e s p e s a e E n c k p k p ) i n c e e c i r o . s n m a L c n a n s ( m o d m m l e o B r e e a n o o a o P e O p p e h / p e h p h h d e a K S v n r n T W g S S o r T T H i o o K T . l y o e . r n l r l n s r n s u J a u h u e r A g B h w a o . b i a l a h a e o o o . P P S T J D C J J P E M & O J B s r . e r d t & d r a R ) n a e d y e a e r e u t n a s l t o a q d i l u s W B d v d n i y i o a M a r o r o a L s e e o H t P T n m G e v 6 ( e H R e . i e e 2 f e t . m v v r h f i r R 4 o . d a e f t e H c T g t h 0 d r u S S R S c n H D n a l 2 g e W i e , , W u i - e f e f o n B s d t n S f a D d r o p t B e . R e n n M , u t o r e o n L . l . d 2 a s c c f r N S u o d o r t W H i . B b e o L q a a r s A a t s 9 . y C E r b t e o s s r d n o e 1 s a G S i u i . r r N n r u e o R n B i v e R a M i T e o , S i M h t C a M y F s 4 y k r N r i a m 5 5 d t P e e k a a c 9 r d F 0 3 3 1 r l g c b c l m 9 u e l i o 3 a o e 5 7 4 2 . a u 1 F 3 7 4 M B 1 O 0 Q L J T N s P A L a y l t i u s C 5 n e i 4 a r s l 6 e n r o s u e . e e b e s r d s v P r k e n r a a i R a A v e e n r n . r L a v o o T n e w i o r a n o y A y r f n a u r s P e t r z o T C s a s i o n r a t A e a a r T n a n n i e n t t a l e y o e g e d n f C a l o n e t t o s s e o d B m i e b n s d s o M a g n g o g h e n n u d l e i i n d a t k f n s s e k c a r u d l u l w s e c g a d e l d w c a a o a c r e a e l s r a e o l u e W o u e u o a a K W J D L M A G L O G N C A J G N E D O W R S T L M . S 4 7 0 1 0 0 2 2 6 . 2 1 3 6 8 0 1 0 6 C 1 1 1 1 1 5 6 0 5 8 7 6 2 5 H 4 2 5 1 7 1 1 0 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 7 0 7 5 3 7 5 1 5 9 G 1 3 6 2 4 2 9 9 1 4 3 9 2 2 2 3 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 s 8 9 8 7 3 5 1 3 3 t 8 8 7 7 2 3 4 4 4 P 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 d * e u m n i m m m u t e m m l u u u n n e m m m m m i u u p n n n o i i i u u u u u r r r m m a e e r r r r r r r r e e e e e e e e e C l l a a a a l u l l l l l l l l a a a a a a a a e t p p M h h h p p p p p p p p p h h h h h h h h . N a a a c c c a m a a a a a c c c c c c c c a a a 2 n c c c c n i a i c c c c c c c c M M a a a M M M M M M o a M M M a a a p a a a a a E N t s s s s s s s s s s s s r r r r r r r r r r r L m n a a n r r r r r r r r r r r r e e e e a a a a a i u B m e e e e e e e e e e e e v g g v v v t g g g g g l o l l l c c c c c c c c c c c c o a i u u A i i i u u u u u S A L T C A A S A A S M A S S A S A S A S A S S A A S 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 77 ) 3 4 3 3 9 9 5 8 1 5 5 4 6 d 0 0 6 8 7 6 0 6 7 0 0 6 9 e 0 0 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 0 0 9 9 u 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 n i t n o e e e l l l e C n n l & r ( r r n o o r r h h h s o s & e i h e s p p i y k E E E E z t p n s k o . . . t . n l m m s a e m w e f f l r B B B o o B f B s f f o r o f o p s h h e e d d t d h d e k a a K m r T T o o o o n N N T N . e o B K o l o l o a o . . l . J b P u u N J J u e J w w w u w . . . o . l l . l a a l a t o E A R P P E H P H R E S H & J E ′ f s ! . 1 t o r d . d 4 o i e l d n t 8 r . r I W . a R b W 4 o g i i y ′ ′ ′ ′ n A 2 o W N k . . 3 9 5 m ° h o 0 d m f e p i N 6 7 9 5 . d 0 t E s t o 1 y T 0 2 1 6 . 8 1 l r a x w S . . . R . 1 t 0 e t E S e u 7 4 1 4 s W e 2 . S k n i o . i ′ 2 2 3 A 3 i ) y 3 & l l ° ° ° B ° g 6 d r 5 C m – a t — 2 5 5 r . 5 4 9 e 2 R — f c c e A e 8 8 8 s 1 8 u 1 d l i , l s . . y e s t . ″ r r S t o o R g 3 b 0 3 a n S S d 2 e W W W u W n o - H o 8 ′ U 5 - - - R - G , l m v a w w ′ ′ ′ ′ ( 1 R 2 4 ° N i d i w r , e o o 1 5 9 h 3 8 r 4 i r l W n o e t w . n R G 9 6 8 g e 7 l N 4 i a t T 5 a B i @ n o S . f i 2 6 3 f h 4 a k S . . . 3 . t r . a N n o c s t o g E H S U n r 6 7 4 i 7 n e . R i k J t g P M r r e 5 0 2 s e M 1 y 6 1 8 r A r n t o e f ° ° ° ° N e g d 5 5 l 6 3 9 f c w a p u l o l 2 2 2 2 5 d t l n r w u 0 3 6 3 1 o e p S e i t 4 4 4 e 4 5 l e a r o 5 4 6 4 0 5 2 V T K E W 5 K 3 1 P S B T S 3 N N N R N N l l i H n o d c n a p a e i l s B h I o o o s w o f s r o o o n e n a e n g u o o l d e z z z r o z k i n o u o w t I b r b t a t a a t i e a a u a p c E o a h i e t e g h a m m n b a a c T m L n S m m m l s n n w m l g h n s i e o o i s n a R a a l i a i l r y s a d a y C k c c u l l l l t l l l o a n e x a a a i c a k . a o a a a m M r u n r o a l e e i l t a S W G H L K W M B L C S 2 S K K G M M C A E K V 9 6 7 1 7 1 4 3 2 8 6 2 6 7 4 8 4 3 3 4 3 5 5 5 1 3 8 8 4 3 7 8 5 0 8 2 9 9 5 4 6 6 6 6 3 7 5 7 8 5 3 6 2 0 6 9 8 5 9 8 5 6 3 1 0 0 0 0 4 6 7 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 9 5 9 3 7 2 5 9 1 0 1 3 6 7 9 7 7 8 8 8 9 5 5 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 m u m m m u u u n n n n a t t a a a a a u t t t s r a s s s n a m d e t a a a i e c * s a a t l e n n s c c c t t o t l e n e r r a s r p a u o o o i u u i y e u p p e e h m b b c a a t p p p n v e v n n m n a t l y y e t p c a a u t t t p p p C i a k a l l c u s e e y t a i i i s M s - × s t c M e e g h g o p e k k a e e e h h h e a s u n c c s k c h h h s s s n s s s h c H i s s s i u r i c i - u u B u u u C u u u a u C u C u C p f h o a p l l l l l l u t - l l l - - - t t B B s s o e e e w u u u u u u u u u n e H B - n n s s s r r o o c c c c c c s c c c o e u u i i r a r r r l s s s s s e e s s s s d d l e l o o o e h h e e e o e o c c e o e e i e e e r e A O O A A A H H M A H M A A A H R A A A A T R Y 78 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 6 3 3 3 9 8 4 4 6 a 0 0 0 8 8 6 6 6 6 e 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 Y 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 e l e e n n n l l r n n n n o o r r o h s o o o o s h h s s s s s r p p E E E n p p p p ) e . e . . s m m h ( m m m m f n B o o B B f f r P s f o o o o f f n e c h h e e d h h h h d d e e e v n T T o o o r r N T T T T M N N o o l l o o e . l l l l l B . . J s i u u J u u u u J J w . w w . . . . b a l l l a a a a a a E E E P H P P P P H H P H O G W . . d f f R o h y t c r u a e e ′ c e e s g 5 ′ r v k B d 0 i 6 i . u n r e 6 a r 9 . r . . k u e g N 8 e D r e B w e d 0 . . v t l d v t a v e i s r . 4 i 3 R e t i ’ r r t r s e ° S t n A l e 4 i n l l S b R g v e 3 C ° D l s O i a 8 e n z i 8 n 2 e p r 3 n . 1 n i . e a m l R v i B k 8 . e t M 2 r l a o 1 p e e t p h W r d l s r f v r a . v - r i E f a c i a r r S w W m a ′ S u o F e h B - o A e a a S 1 ′ P R 8 . e M f U k H H P k k h 8 e 2 8 c f w k c o e c N f f h f f c o i 4 W k s 1 l 8 c u i o t . t n l o o & o t o r r r a o 4 i 9 k o f e 5 e . r o k e k t r r 1 L o B i B e B n b S E 0 c e 1 s b t n e B W P g f a ° ° f f t a e o i i e a a 0 8 8 f l t d m z 2 3 o o b x g c g 2 5 3 3 0 i s B e o m b m e o 4 4 l . d o d 0 2 2 2 0 u 2 ⁄ D 1 C 4 E W 4 E S E E 4 N L 1 J S 1 E W 3 N 6 e l a d a r e e r r v o A o b l e r a C A m e y o f t r a n i w w o o e k A n a a l z G C r c I r r n n i r a s E A d i i n n o n e e e e y a a o e t a e a a n m f o a t t t l a N m y l l n a s t n s a n a n a o i w g h h n n r m g s a i c l c y C n a C C r h s y s l a e l r u m e e l o o t l o w e a l . a a a . i a . g a m o k r t l a o W o l v r t t v t o n K M W S M H A B I 4 O C W S G W W N C O A T A T S A . S 0 1 3 4 5 5 6 0 9 3 3 6 . 6 8 3 7 3 4 3 3 2 2 2 5 C 5 5 1 3 3 0 0 6 1 4 6 6 H 2 5 9 6 4 4 3 6 6 5 5 6 3 0 5 9 1 3 0 4 9 0 5 8 G 2 8 3 7 4 5 3 8 4 3 2 3 1 1 s 6 0 6 1 3 2 8 1 7 0 7 8 t 5 5 4 6 9 0 6 6 1 9 8 1 P 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 a d e a e y y r n e r u r a a e o r r r n s o b e i e m m s t r i i i b a b b * r a a n r s s r s r e a n n e r r e s s e s s a o e e e o c b e e a i i c r m o o i d i t t a a a i v v d r s n C d d l l e l l l a v r n n s s s i v l l e r r a a i e o i i a a r t i u A e r o o o t t e e . e e A N A A h g j e h e d u m s s g g g u u d d 2 c l l u H H d c l l S l l n a S d d d u u a u u u - - a n g r i e n g r g r r A o e e e f f A A E h h s y l y N l l l z a t t a s s o o s s s s s l o k l L m k n n k k k z k k - - n n n i u u e u u u u u c e c c c c c c i e e a a B w w m m e t l l n b n n n n n n e e e a a i a e e i i l l l l l l l l m m o o o l a l l p A r r p p p T L A T C A A T A A B A A M B A A B A S S S S A A D D 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 79 ) 8 3 3 3 1 3 8 8 1 5 1 d 6 0 7 0 0 6 8 5 7 9 7 e 9 0 9 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 u 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 n i t n o e e l l C n n n r r ( n n n n o o o y h h s s o s o o o h n e e s s s s e c p p p l E E w p p p p e fl r . b . r o r e m m m a e r m m m m l B B o o o T m P i o o o o k y B h h h s a d d r h h h h a g n s t M i t s T T T o o r G T T T T a o s . e l o l o e l B i t l l l l V T n b g u u u S D u u u u w w o . A e l l o a a a d a a a a P P R E P E R P A P P A & & P E R g s s s e n i c a m d n p a a l . e r i e e i r d e r u c ′ a d t v a R s B 0 S s t n e o r 7 s p n f a y n i l e y 9 t u o A . i o r k . h a i t l 2 W e e e t n g i C e t w i 5 k , v v a o e l i ° i u k c d c i f W t H A t l 5 r a R a i 5 u a t 8 r t 5 u a r . n e 3 d r t p s 7 o r T P g a - r . t o r n W E c , t o g a 2 c G - e e y I e i F n ′ k S s e y g B g C o h n r 7 t R n r t k u S o i n r c o a e e 7 e l o a o r i o l a n u – 0 k e n o t e P o . r t t r S E u H c r a M i H 4 s 2 N a p i i G b E e L S L 1 m 7 h u 6 G E ° n t h r l i m . m m 5 f l 2 h m 2 c a a o o 0 1 0 o - s R a m 1 5 o r e 4 o o r i . 0 . 5 0 . M 5 S R G C 7 C F F 1 N 2 B N N 6 0 k r a P e t a t s l y S r r l t i . i o d o t r b b C H r o r M r w w l f e r n a y d a n w l l l c o t l a a w e e i i o n i o a u p e a H a H b r n n d d n w b o g i d d H a n C a r n e fi t n e M r a u r n n r a i p t t e n n e n h e e a a n d A P A n B m e a a M u k h e h e l l h l g a p l e p l t l o c s o c s f c k n k w u v n u r t p k p k w n e r w i a o a a o e a a o t a a n o a o n e e o l n o a o a S K H L U O C W H B V M O A O G W A P O N O P K C 0 0 4 4 8 0 1 5 4 0 6 3 6 1 3 2 4 5 7 3 3 7 9 1 7 8 2 2 7 4 7 4 6 8 8 7 9 1 3 4 4 5 1 3 0 3 1 5 2 8 0 1 1 6 3 9 1 7 9 6 9 5 5 0 5 7 1 2 6 4 3 8 1 1 1 6 5 1 1 1 1 2 0 2 2 4 5 0 3 4 1 0 3 2 6 7 2 1 2 8 1 6 2 9 4 7 8 1 1 3 1 2 2 a y y e y a r y r r s r e r n r k a i r i s s r e n a e s c i i e i y s p e u a b i e s s i b s r n b t r s u b r g e i e n n r v e e a o e g S c o n i v c e e e e i c c c c i i i n a b i e a n i i b a v g r o v a n n s l t v a a b r e v e r n l s a r e e n s r e i o c u r r h e e l i r r r a h h a o o e h r k e e S i h h g l S v y e e e r f S l i i g g g c h S n r c c i i i e e r f r i i r g a e e f t l c r r h h y a r h h h i i e l l y l i i a d r p c c a l l m n e c c c w i S W e a n h a n s B B B e n a a l n n e b n n n a e l n p I B a s y d a a a a e a a a a i i h a a ’ h d r P l w l l l w w l l l i n l l l r e n k g l n g n i e e o e e e o o o u u s m u u e e o w l l l e u a v o u l i t t w t t l v l l l l m m m m o m r m r e s l o e h e e e i l o a a e e e A A A A A A D A R A A R F A D A B C B P Y Y B B R Y 80 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 3 2 6 1 6 5 0 2 5 a 0 7 0 7 9 7 7 6 9 e 0 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 Y 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 e l e n l r o r h s b e h n r p y E i E n ) e i o . e . o s l m t k s ( H B o B f f s r B S n f f n r e h n n e t d t d e e i e n v e r r T o z o r H n u r N N e e l o u o e r g . . b n b s D u J J a w a G w o o . . o b . l a l . P R E D H J B W H E R O W e d c I ″ n n o 8 a M . s r 6 p ′ t , . r e d 9 n r n 4 e n n ′ t e a e 7 e . . y u 9 n y v t 3 r s d d a . e 2 d a r D n a e r ° k 2 R w C e o u R a H u r 4 c 0 s h n o g a ° a 8 q g d z p n g l t e r 6 i C n n B . e y e i e u l a 8 m W h e B d r b n p - d o L — B i G e B ″ n p R S . g W s l h k s . a f i 9 - r o d x r n n y ′ T . r d h o i a 2 a h e r o t u 8 . R e c f r p P R r S b d S 2 1 l v A o e r f T e l i r W 5 5 h d . e e a r ′ . o n t u h w a l t S i r n o 3 3 t e o a H a S e k i P i G C o G a 4 5 b l r m t P n e ° ° r l a a a m w 9 3 0 l o a G 2 2 4 r z a t a c 7 4 1 w s h i t b 5 2 a e l 4 4 e a l o i a . 3 7 . 5 H 2 N B 3 L E 3 0 9 L P A E N L N W y t i s r e v y i t e i n k C a U e L y k e e t s t a l i r l a i L a C e t r e n v t n n S k e r o o f e B a e a c n n n a o o v A r n v f u u e g a r o z u w o z a r l T a a r n o a t a c y s a a a a n m l u g y s o o f B e o n p n H n n H i t e o P a o s d m m o e e B n t e o b n r d n h l m l o l h k a a n n n i r y n e c u l l a w e i e e o n h c e e s w g i a e u h a r e l l W e o a e a e a c h r a o n P L I M T L S H C J W C V K G N N T T K G G L N . S 2 0 2 6 8 3 6 6 4 1 . 6 8 8 5 8 8 7 7 1 7 C 0 5 7 3 7 7 1 6 3 8 H 9 5 6 8 0 0 3 7 6 7 1 1 6 9 5 6 2 0 8 3 7 7 8 G 0 2 1 6 2 2 1 7 6 7 5 1 1 1 2 2 1 s 8 0 2 0 8 6 3 0 4 4 t 1 0 0 7 4 4 5 7 4 5 P 2 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 h h h . c c d r c h r r e * * i r a i s c i u i v r a l a a B B i n i B r r r i i a a a * r t e B t s e e e r r r t e a f f f n i e e e e l n u r i i i p a f f o e p h i e r r u r i i p m a h l r r a d C r p y y y d a c a a a h h i o h P W e y y a r r r P * u h h h p p p r f c n c c c . N i p p i c c c g g g r r a a e a r p P n n c m a 2 n i i i a a i i r r r i i d i B n i a × a p o p p p i i i l n n n p p r a n B B B e o a E t B B B d o N r t o a a a a a a a a a a a p i r r f r l l l l l l n e L l l m l l l c n r r r i r t o n e e e u u u u u u u u u u u u . e i e e u d s B r b m t t t t t t t t p p t t p t t r r v v v o o e y e o e e e e e e e e e e u i a i i a a a A a o R B L T C B B B W B R R v B M B M B c P P B B P B E H 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 81 ) 4 5 5 4 5 5 6 7 4 1 4 d 0 7 6 8 7 7 9 9 6 7 0 e 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 u 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 n i t n o e C n n n l & ( n n o o o r s s s o o e h s s p p p y E t p p n o t . n l m m m a e m m n h l a o o o B f B s l s c o o o f p i s h h h p s a t h h d e a t a a r T T T w o T T a B N e e K B l l l o K l l . L . b L u u u u u e F J . w u e o . . a a a . l a a t o o R N P M P P P J P L H E S J 0 1 E 3 s e i t 7 d . s n 2 i m ′ a n ′ f d o 9 . o o L 6 o d g 4 i R g 8 . d 7 t o R e k n e n 2 0 1 b o a o R i e . . o e o r n t , r u i . 3 d r r 4 , o w o l t o l S d t T t e 2 t d 2 i d c b ′ l s C a l ° C ° f g a e u g x 0 R e y o a . 5 i 5 i o s n o r y d 4 B i c T r 8 8 e E R l i B . r a D R C e p t f r 0 t k t g h o 3 a o o k u W W @ 5 S 0 n n a n c o t . - - e - 8 n & i e l R 1 o t ′ ′ r h B u L S a i d t e 1 k o r – f 5 7 7 a t S o i M e e r n 1 7 , a d e e e o 8 c 9 3 . c t 5 o 3 p f B C n s n C e e n n L 7 8 s t e 2 . . a o e a t p O v t a u k g i o g S t / r W e 1 3 9 i o t J s s R r n g J e A s n L n t S 2 0 N h 3 s I i t o e r S o o ° o ° h l r t i i g l 9 a 0 t 1 e f p b s i l p r 2 w 2 a U l 5 5 1 4 v r a o O m e w p i m p e 4 o 4 u i 0 3 5 4 f 4 ⁄ K O 1 O 1 4 O S B E R 1 N N N M G 1 2 o W N c o n n s s l s a s o l l s a i u l B d w l H e n u e d e o o o O e o c d e r H w o s n l l e r s f o l s a z k n a e i e k d a u s z o e n l w c e r n a d d l o v fi i a a n a n e l a e e a l a o r n n M s G t o e a L N m n s r k J e m a d a M w m l N e s t h c l l t f s a a l i k s n o t n a n f a r f s l k l k f s l s n k l k e o i s r a o o o o a a o c e a a e m o a a a u a a c a l e r h c a K W W C 4 S B O O M C S S S G G M K F W F O N J O W 8 4 7 0 0 9 3 2 6 1 8 4 0 6 7 7 8 8 7 3 2 9 0 7 6 6 1 0 9 5 1 1 0 9 0 6 5 0 1 6 7 6 0 0 4 4 2 4 9 7 8 9 8 1 1 1 4 4 5 0 9 3 8 5 4 7 4 6 7 7 2 4 7 6 4 3 0 3 4 3 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 1 8 9 1 4 5 2 4 3 8 6 1 7 9 1 8 9 6 5 4 3 4 4 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 a n m a m s s a a n i i i a y e a s s y y s r e n i i i y y b r r i m m i s o b r r a n l s i o o n r r y i m m k s n s o o y y y o r l r n r r k k o o r c r r r o k k r n a f f e o o c c i o o o i i o i c c o o o i i e r r a a f a a f o k i i n i i k k k r r r H a d d H c o b i H c n H H c c c d d c b b r r b i H H i n c a i i i s r r k n l i t t a l a a n o o t t s l a l l l l r o o u H a H H H i l l g c c u u a u u u i g c g g c a c t n c t t t n n n i n i n a a a a i a b n n r u r a a a a i a a r u r r u u l r y y y y p y l e e a a e e e y y y y p y y n n n n e t t r r r r r r t t e r r r r r r r c c t t t g t g g g a a a a a a a a a a i m a a a i e e i i m i i i i h C P P C C B C P S C C C B C A A C C B C P P C C B P 82 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 4 5 3 1 6 5 5 8 1 5 8 a 0 9 0 7 9 6 6 6 7 7 6 e 0 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Y 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 e l e e n n l l & r n o o r r h o s s e h h s p p y E E E t p ) o . t . . s l m m ( e m f B o o B B l f f f r B s f o f f f e e s h h e t d h d d e e e h v a r T T o o o N r T c N N N e B o l l o o s e . l . . . b s u n u J u J J J w w w u . o . . . b l e l l a a a t R E H E H E P H P H R P O S . d . e R E v S h o . s r 4 i ′ n d g 7 ′ 6 d F o i 1 a R 9 7 f f d f t d . 2 o a 4 5 l o o o a . n d # t o 7 o i R 3 . t , S , R N R W W 2 2 s e n . l d ° , 4 t i n s u d o . i a 5 ° d n i i s S o d t d c m s A i a 8 5 a o i m a c l s 2 o 7 o f n 8 ⁄ p R g s o 1 n y g 3 2 o o W i G W R o a u , i e - d R a l , W . ′ , J s r . r g - c M M o i o w N d ′ 4 1 i e y i d o r n . o v t h f . r i 8 1 3 d d R e i h o d d B R l n g r o n k d r 8 8 w 1 v i r . e n a D C e i a R o 6 g g d O M e R 3 . o S H r y Y C o R g z i H n e W 2 9 t t 7 5 t o r t t o e U L o W W l ° ° f a s i f a l 6 8 7 i o n n e l 2 3 o d n c L 1 3 d 1 0 8 1 x m o o o m e l 4 i 4 e r i o w r r 0 8 2 7 6 0 f 4 ⁄ K 1 S 1 O L B 5 1 4 6 E N L D N 3 F M o W F a l u s n r i k e r n t e a e a s P w r w a n e e e e n n o w o r v g N o o w o W s a e t a i d h A f a z k 4 r e i s e k n n e d r o i c r n r a e d s 1 e T s e a n n l e i n t e y a o t n B a a R t t t o w s g L E m a d C J m t a i h t t l s M g h n a l f n a n n a l r N i n t s f f u n i s e l l k n n u k o a r n a a a 4 l d w c a o o a a n c m a e e l r u r a l r o e o p 2 e o a o 4 ⁄ A K K M G I G K J G W S C O N W T O W N P L T 1 T G . S 5 6 2 8 0 2 0 4 2 6 8 6 . 8 6 6 5 8 6 0 5 5 5 4 8 C 1 4 2 2 0 4 3 3 1 8 2 9 4 H 8 5 7 6 6 6 7 6 6 7 8 9 5 3 5 3 8 7 2 9 7 7 7 7 G 6 2 9 5 0 9 0 5 2 1 2 6 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 s 0 2 3 8 2 6 0 4 8 3 8 3 t 7 9 8 2 9 7 0 3 0 0 2 8 P 2 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 s s d a e e s e t d d e m t t u i i u y d i t u u a n o o i y y a a r s a a n i i i a t u r r n n t o s t p p a a o a a p p t t p i i a l l n n t t s o o n l l s s n l l k e t s s t n a a a a o o e l k k a a o o o c a e e t t t t s n t t o c c i i i m t o n n h e i i h h n n a a e a C c c a a n a a g g t a a e e C e h H i i m e d e C C C C g H H t t C C a . N C d d i p p b b a a C m k n a a v 2 k k n n b s s n n n n a a v v r n n a e r r e a o r r e a a a a r r e r e o o a a o a a c E s a a e e n c c n N e e p p e i n n a i i b p p p e l l b b a a a a L h h m r h h l l l a h a r r y t t g t n t t t a a n g t t g t e y y a a a i e e B i s t t r s m r r a t r r s s t t u u t a u a a a a a a a a o a a a a h o o a m a m m o o h A h o h C C C C C S L S T C C C S S S C C C A C A C S N N C A 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 83 ) 2 0 5 3 3 5 5 3 6 7 7 8 6 d 0 7 6 0 7 7 9 8 6 8 9 6 6 e 0 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 u 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 n i t i n k o s C r k n n ( n n n n e o o o c s s o o o o & i s s s s m h p p e t e n p p p p o e r j s n r m m t P o e m m m m f i f a o o T f l f o o o o u w d R y e h h e p h h h h g s r r L i a l t T T N n N T T T T l a s . l l B . o K i . l l l l h E t J u u g J m u c u u u . e . i A n . e a a a a a a o H M W P P R P P P A A J H P R s l o o W h . 4 i n c 9 d a . s m - d I R m e 5 i f R . h r r t o r 0 e r s e w h , a n n S d ) o p e e , . k l M e i n a l e s l r d N r i i u f s e m w g R . o o o t 0 m t W e t r . r 2 e l W s 5 S E d e d , - C 6 e y e e G f B l & t , t c 0 1 T v i R n o e l ( a p M n n i 4 . r & c 0 l a fi - e . e o a f e h n t 0 & r m f r P n i d s k o p r o a 1 a r o C M t i e o n p M a a a R e t i t r n G r e f S w e e l a t n t c g L e s g n o W e P r g k a a e d k n C g e r o o d i n s d l n e n c 0 t e d w 9 c e e r a r T h r e a n d o 0 r t r o s 8 e e i R l a l T a 5 t a g - t a s a y F l b l u i t W W 0 1 f s a n n M 3 I W E # B S S A W J Q S 1 S I o I a e r A y d u t S e r u t a a N e e s s s l k l l l l a i e i L s e h H l H g l e w w C r i l d d r w r d n a a l l f o l g d e a e o l e e M l d n n t e o b a r n g d e d L b e e e n fi e r e n a fi m u r e n E t t n h n n e fi a w e o t i a d N i A a a m w c a r m f A l h h n B n h k g d h s l n l n i t s s h o d n n i o o o y s k e n n n k l k n a n t n l u a a a g o o a o a a a m a a l r u a n l r o a a a n l l o E n O O A W E W 3 V W W L S I G W A B S A D M P B C O B 8 5 1 5 4 2 5 7 6 5 9 0 9 8 2 2 2 3 8 6 7 8 6 1 5 4 8 5 8 6 6 3 7 9 7 6 3 5 9 9 9 2 2 4 0 9 8 1 1 5 0 0 1 1 3 4 2 9 2 9 9 8 3 6 9 6 9 4 2 4 5 4 5 6 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 6 1 3 7 8 4 6 3 0 9 3 7 7 3 1 7 0 7 5 9 7 7 7 4 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 y r s r i e l s s m b i i a l l u t k a a c c n t t i e a n n n y d e e o y y y * H r i d d s r r r p r c i i i * s s s n r r r a a a e l c i i i a a a c c i j e e e o l l l p b s a a a a o c c p p g l a a a i b b b t n l l s s k o i t t t l o o r s a k k k m i a a a o n o c t n n n o o n t t c c c i i s s c u u e b f a e a e e e e l a c c a e a a a i a u u e h l d e h d d d e e t C b i h h h h H p u G r i i i y C C s H H H L t t p p s s e s c n c c c T n h l r u s s n n n f n c n n u u n n n c c c a e p r a o b a a r r l o o a s o t b b i a a o o o o o o l l e e e r p n f a n n u d p p r a a l s s s s m s h m m m r i h h u l l o i i r h i i i o o t a h h t t a t s t t c a t a t t a t t t r t r r m m m m t d l l p t l t l d l p t p t r o e a e e w e o a o e a o e e o o e o e u e e a u u N C N C C C N C C C C C C C C C C D C C B B C B C K 84 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 3 0 3 5 3 5 3 3 7 5 a 0 7 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 9 e 0 9 0 0 0 0 9 0 9 9 Y 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 e l n r n o n e h o s e e e o i y s p s y y e y E k o t p ) r e o o o l n . s t s r l l l m e a r e ( m B B o T r h B B s B o o m s y e h P t d t t t h g r k a v m i t c r r r r T i o r T s o e e e e e B o l B e i l M P b b b b s u g B u w u . o o o . o A b l e a a . t R P R E R R S R P A S O R G . l l . . a e g e c ″ H d v e l ″ ″ 0 n c A n e ″ 0 5 7 B i . n o 6 9 0 r ′ c n t . . 1 e k e 6 i . 3 e o S 2 8 5 . n c v i c ′ ′ ′ i s 2 n i 2 t f a ′ 9 9 8 S u e 0 t L a o . R 2 2 9 2 o t f d S f ° ° ° 4 . 2 e h r o S d l o f s t 4 4 ° 4 2 e . a t e l ° a s n e o , 8 8 4 8 e k u l g x t t l a t 5 u a c 8 c i l n i e W u c d r 8 e o r t W W W t n a p i u n l i i - - - n s h s W . a g t r G c , ″ ″ ″ d & e H - W s s t n o s r o n g ″ 2 - 4 2 f f t d I l l t n n i n ′ i n i l 3 6 8 3 7 H E o o I e o s n e e b 6 . . . o e i k 5 e a f e t s m d N r d r 2 3 . 3 6 r k f o i r r c B o l r e r e l r 3 5 2 5 5 f t o o o o c ′ ′ ′ ′ . n a a a t s o n o n o m g o r o 3 4 4 3 3 o s e k r r r p o g M i s b G G 4 2 4 4 4 e c t d b o M o B s r a o M ° ° ° ° ° n l l g a a f 5 l c c n n o f n l 2 2 2 2 2 a r a a c b d ′ 0 5 a e r o e n r 4 4 4 4 4 e e r a o E E 6 5 n 0 c n B 1 4 S B K S C A C I N N L N S N a 3 N N L a y y y y t t t t i i i i s s s s r r r r e e e e v v v v i i i i n n n n U U U U s s l e e e e l l t t t t l i i a a a a a t t t t H H e o S S S S r d r w o d e l e n l A n n n l n a z o e k l d e a a a a a n r a d i b fi a n fi n m m m e m n r e g g g v y g o n t i i i t i a L m e a a a a a n a m h m A l i h l n n h h h t h a l h h h h y h r o o s l l k r c c k c u c r n c w g g g a g o i i i i o a a a a u o e o l n u l o n n n n I I I O W W B I K M M G A M N C B M B T O B . S 7 4 1 7 6 5 8 2 2 6 . 1 7 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 C 4 1 3 2 9 6 0 1 4 3 H 2 2 2 5 2 2 3 3 6 3 9 9 6 7 7 3 6 7 6 4 G 4 2 1 4 8 1 6 3 6 1 1 1 s 2 6 2 8 5 8 6 6 8 4 t 9 5 4 0 2 4 0 7 3 5 P 1 1 1 1 1 1 a s i b l s a m n e u a t c s i a a m u s d n k r c s t s d o i u u o s t o e u f b p n e * e s i o b u d r a s s e g j u o n n i i e p s s s r i t r s s i i i t y t s i s R e d s s s i e i n n d d d n m r v e C u n n n r r e e g u u u n o u r e e e s s b a a m l e r d d e n b b b a l C i d d d s d u u e a e p p a a d d d l e d r t y a a a e r h h y y e e e e n n . s N e a n n n h t t F c c T m e R a a 2 a R R R a a a C F p n n r n e e a c c e i t - c c c a E n a a i n n o n a a E s r e N a s d s r r r r s s s k e n n i i i e L g m i i i u e k e e e m m t o n c c c t o o n t t t s i s c c c n i i a i a B i t s m r r r r s r s r s i n t a h i e e e h h h h e e a a o e h r l a a a a A C E C C K E E L T C C C C E C C C C W C F H A 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 85 ) 0 2 2 7 3 3 8 7 3 7 3 d 8 9 0 9 0 0 6 8 0 7 0 e 9 9 0 9 0 0 9 9 0 9 0 u 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 n i t n i o k C n n n n n s ( n r o o o o o s s s s o s o e e e e s p p p p p y y y m y p h n o o o o o l l l m m m m m c a l m l a P o o o o o B B B o B p b h h h h h i t d t t s h a t r e r r r e T T T T T r T l a e e e h K e l l l l l l h b b b w S b u u u u u u e c o o o o o . i a a a a a a o R P P R R R P P R P P R J C y e e c l n l ″ e , a ″ ″ ″ 3 i n e v 3 1 6 c 0 l a . . l 9 9 0 c S d l . . . 5 m r e . f r i a 9 7 5 n 5 u ′ ′ ′ ′ v e e d c o . o i l t 9 9 9 r 8 m H f d p r c e a s 2 2 2 n 2 t . r o d ° ° ° ° y e R D i f h u d n 4 4 4 4 t e t c s o C s i a n 8 8 8 8 n t R d fi f . e . i o s d l s o r o t t s g e r m y W W W W o n n n n s o e f r - - - - n I r u m e l b o o i o e i S ″ ″ ″ ″ h , i e e t , , s r r p h d k s s t 0 4 9 4 s d S r n l n a a n n l s o c i 2 9 7 5 n l W f u o a r o e e d . . . . i k n o C e u n , o o t d d r n P 9 2 1 1 r m C o l d u i H c r d B r r t b o 5 5 5 5 l w j r ′ ′ ′ ′ i e d o a n r r a a n y K y y f a 3 3 3 3 e E e o o l n a a e D r g G o G g 4 4 4 4 e r r W r S 0 a b B N o ° ° ° ° T l l l e t 0 f f d l C f w s t 2 2 2 2 s t a a a v e 7 5 5 o o g o o e s 4 4 4 4 e i e a e e i e r E 2 7 4 v u B 2 N B 1 2 B E B B N F S N B I N E N j B N y y y t t t y i i i t i s s s s r r r r e e e k e v v v a i i i v i n n n O n U U U r U s r e e e l k e t t t l u h c t i a a a e o B a t t t s t H m f S S S R w S r a m r w d h o a t o l h n n n a o u n e p a d n e b g a a a e l n c e d b a e d e r W n fi m m m r e e g g a g o s t n n g m n F t i i w i a i i i A r a a a a T o m A h l a a w h a l f h h h h l s n h h h J o m h f m s k a n l c c c k o n c n t a r o g g g i i o i . a g i o 2 a t o a ⁄ i n e n l t 1 n n n n I W M A W O B O A H W M I M M O I I B L S M S 4 1 6 9 7 4 5 1 9 6 4 6 5 9 9 2 4 4 7 1 2 4 5 1 0 4 9 7 6 1 3 1 6 5 5 8 0 3 5 2 2 9 2 3 5 1 9 7 0 5 5 3 2 4 2 5 2 5 9 7 5 5 2 4 2 1 9 1 2 5 1 1 3 1 9 1 1 9 0 3 3 9 4 1 6 8 7 7 5 4 0 4 6 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 s a i r s b n e u d d d r n o o o i s o o o a h u w a a c w w c d d m i e e a a g . g g o a a i i r o r n o k k l l d e e o o o i y o o a o o u u f r o k k D g w f f D D t t v w r r o u u i i i g a a t t e g g n n f f a n n a v w o e e d d n n o a a h n s r r i i d g i e e s e e d d s k k d d D i e e u r r C D r o k k a r t t o o u o o L L s s o e o o l l e g i i o o g o h o o n s s D fl k a m a fl e e t t t e i i w n n fl t a t t t w w s s r w w i e i n i o s s s s s s t - - s s - - a a l r l s s r a a a e a u a u u u u u e e e e r r n n u w w w w n r r F g r r n n n n n n n n n o o d d o o o w d w d n e i e l r l r r r r r l l r i r d a a i a a t t o l l l l o o l o l o o o o o l l h l h e o l l l r e e e e C C Y F C Y C C C C F C C Y C C Y A C R C A C F 86 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 6 3 3 4 4 6 3 3 4 5 6 5 a 9 0 0 6 0 7 8 6 6 7 9 0 e 9 0 0 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 Y 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 & n n n n n n n o o o o o n . s o s s s o s n e o i e s s o p p p p p i s y k y p p s ) r k o r s r s n n o l m m m m m s e e r l ( m m e a a r o o o o o r h B l l o o o k h o B e h h h h h p p P t h h a P t v m a a s m c r T T T T T c r r T T o e e o e l l l l l e K K l l M M P T b s P b u u u u u u u e e . o . . b . o . a a a a a a a o o P R R R A G P P P P P G P O J R J ″ . 3 t d 7 s . i ″ . R 4 r 8 d f 1 h e 0 ′ o l . R c i 9 l 0 l e i 2 l 1 m l d . d ° ′ e l i G t a d 4 9 s 9 a r f o 8 2 t a l R H o - . ° i h a R ″ W d 4 a c n M y 7 , r r d r 8 o . e W R e 3 e u 1 l s T . e R d S r e v h 9 e r W i c 0 t i c t R - . ′ k e 4 s C d h n ″ a a n 4 d R d s e a e i i n 4 n r 4 t Y e & t n k d R o a 2 l ° a c s i l n . r f i e e h P A 2 i s s a r n o 1 o n c I ′ i n e 4 n e i i r K E S P t e 4 e o & c R a N t P i P y 4 d 3 2 0 0 t fi . i 2 S L ° b e d l a f 0 3 4 8 4 s s 2 l l 2 n c a 5 5 5 7 1 2 1 - e o a 4 o o r E r 3 7 4 7 3 7 7 M L 4 1 2 2 2 1 H T S 5 L N P H y t y i t i s s r r e e v i v i n n U U s e l e t l t i a s a a t n l t H e m l o m S w i r S r a s t d a e e a o l A l l h r n d H n h e d n d d e I I b g o a l r d d d u a g e r y n f n fi n e e m y g a o t e n n n l e e n g m n t i a i k a i a H i A a r s s i n n a a a d m l h l a l z n l l l n h s s n h e s y y h n o m h k k m k n u k k c k w n c v o o a r w a a a r g o i r i g a a a a a a r r e e o e r n i l e i o n n O O B O W M C I B W W F B A O F O B I M T G G B O N . S 9 5 6 6 0 3 5 3 5 8 5 8 . 1 1 2 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 C 1 5 7 1 5 7 2 2 7 7 8 8 H 1 1 1 3 3 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 6 3 0 6 0 9 4 3 6 9 8 0 G 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 s 9 0 2 5 4 2 0 9 9 5 3 5 t 1 3 3 5 8 5 4 3 4 5 5 5 P d e e e e d a e e e e a u a a a o e r r r a n r i i i a a a n t t t i r o y i i e s s n a r r r i a t e e e t r r f a c s o o s w g g g e i r k k k i n g e d d d d c k o g u y y y e n i r o o o o y m m o o o o r o o m g g g h p e o g e e m o o o o C l e m m m r a g g g s c c m e D C g e o m S S S w o o o w w w u a c . N a a m S t o r a c c c n g m g g g t a p r r s a 2 c t e n n n m r n n a a o o o o s i u s s s u i s s s s s s o o o o o s E l s s u n u u u N n D D D D u u u u u u l l e l u u l m m m L m m O n n n n e n n n n y y n y y y e n i i i n n y i i z B r r r r z r t t t r m r r r t m m m m k a a a d t l a o o o r r r o a o o o o o o o o e o o o o o o a i A C L T C C C S C C G C G G C R C H C H C C C C C C C C 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 87 ) 9 5 8 3 4 4 4 5 9 3 3 3 d 5 7 9 0 6 0 0 7 5 0 0 0 e 9 9 9 0 9 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 u 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 n i t n o C n n n r ( n o o o n e s s s o e e e o i i e k s p p p s y y y k k r y p r n o o o s s a l o l l m m m e e r r l m o o o P h B B B n o o o B h h h u P t t t h n t t m m c r r r T T T r l o T o o i e e e l l l e r l M P P b b b b u u a u H u . o . . o o o a a a h a . P P R J G S R P R P R R R n m l e r i d u e e a e a ″ v ″ ″ r . s w - o i 1 t 4 5 k ″ T u 3 l e R R 0 8 6 . . . r a e b 3 M 2 e r e 3 3 n o . e . ′ ′ w 1 r a d k o r r 9 ′ b d i h 9 9 e i e d a e r 5 t 9 r s T 2 2 ′ d n p e r d 2 o i L ° ° t A r 3 g ° s r o s C 4 4 i m F o s 4 4 o n e n 8 8 a c ° r d . B n d o 8 b n 2 e h w t n d e t — w y E W W 4 A a o s t . C r - W - e N o k R ″ S n e ″ ″ ″ o N a c n b l r 1 , r r a 7 , f 5 0 0 h d . a e 0 n u a n d w 5 B n , m c 1 9 3 i . n n v 0 a e o . n . . . e P k r . i r o 6 g o r a 4 o d d 8 8 4 e a e d r i c C o t i 5 l h n 3 r r r 4 5 5 ′ h t n a k t n ′ ′ ′ c O o a n a l n a f 8 a S W e l e r 3 3 3 U e a o i o 2 M a b G G 4 4 4 G N t e 0 0 0 s f ° c ° ° ° r w a l l l n 0 4 0 2 t k o 4 w f C e z 2 2 2 a a a s a o 2 4 9 2 c t i 8 o e 4 4 4 e e d l e a r E e 1 2 C 0 1 a i R 8 3 J 2 B S 3 B N s J B P S N b F E N W y y y t t t y i i i t e i s s s s g r r r r e e e e l e v v v l i i i v i o n n n n C U U U . U e e e e t m t t t a a a s d a s t m t t l t l l n o l S S S i S i a a e C l l n n n n H n H d s w I r a a a n d n a I n e a y n y o e m e e m m e g g g i e o l n o g l m o i i i p a r b i a a a s s r t n n n s n a r l a n r l a h s h h p e h e y h y y h k h k y n h o i k c c a c k g o v c v c c e a g a a g g a v i i i g i a h r e a e i e r u a a n n n n W C I W J O W I I L M S G J B D M I M O B W M T 3 8 4 5 6 1 4 8 4 4 0 2 3 3 6 4 3 2 2 6 3 9 5 0 1 9 5 8 3 1 8 2 2 2 2 4 5 3 1 3 3 4 5 8 0 8 9 0 3 8 8 5 5 9 3 3 4 1 9 7 0 1 2 2 2 7 4 1 3 7 7 9 6 8 5 8 2 3 3 7 6 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 4 0 1 1 1 1 1 n n o r r o d a i h i e l r a t i n n a l e t s y r r e * n n n r a w n a t r s a r g y o r d r n n n s s s s g a l e n g o o i i i i o g o u - h r r r o s i o g r l l l l t k t i s o a h H h l l l l n h o o o n v p h l o t u t t o a l t l n u w r o o o o o n t e h h h h o v t t t r a w o o w e a o w t a a w m l i o c d l c m m m m m a a a h w w w a r S w m m H t d b s s s s s s s s s a a a l a a H H H H s s o r n w u u u u u u u u u c o H H H s u u H s u a d a s g g g g g g g g g d ’ S n g g a c e p e e e e e e e e e e y y y d u y r l i H s e e l s e e a a a a a a a a a ’ r n n n n a n g a a s l t t t t t t t t t s o k r i e t t . e u w t w w w e c a a a a a a a a a u n a a r a r r r o r r o r o o o r r o r n n o m r r r e a a C C C P P C D C C A D C C D C D C C D C A v O C O 88 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 3 3 3 9 3 3 9 3 4 3 2 a 0 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 0 8 e 0 0 0 9 0 0 9 0 0 0 9 Y 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 n n n o o s o s n e e e e e e e s o p p i y y y y y y y p s ) k o o o o o r s o o l l l l l m m s l l ( m e r o o r B B B B B o h o B B e h h t t t t t h P t t v m r r r r r T T c r r r T e e e e e o e e l l e l M b b b b b s P b b u u u o o o o . o b o o . a a a R R R R R P P R G R P O R ″ f 3 o . . 5 ″ e r ″ l 3 N ″ ″ 0 e ″ . 7 e c ″ l . 8 3 1 v 4 7 r l 9 . i h 0 s i . 6 7 9 3 . t a 0 . . . ′ 6 n c 9 s R . 5 2 4 7 4 s e ′ ′ ′ 1 H f n 6 . s r ′ 1 1 ′ d d l 8 9 9 e o ′ ° o a l 9 . r n 9 n 2 2 2 l 9 d r a 3 e 2 d d a l o e 2 ° ° ° r 2 c i ° d 8 e ° . d a H 4 4 4 ° R a i a G 4 n e E . 4 R 8 8 8 C 4 s s H , l W 8 k o 8 t G d l U 8 - i d a a l a s r d t e e m l ″ W W W E r f e W a r e a - - W - o L a n a 3 W , o i n o i m f ″ ″ ″ ″ B p - - a f e s l 0 l e R H h d l a l ″ ″ 5 7 7 3 i f f i 1 i n L i s d B l o . 5 0 2 5 6 7 l y u W r l o e o u . . . . l k o i f 6 8 3 k a i b W d . . 7 8 2 3 r r r r r G G o d 1 g i w r ′ f e e 4 2 5 4 5 5 a r k f n ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ s f W n l a 4 l o n e k n P K o a 4 4 3 3 3 3 g o a o r f 3 r a n t i e G 4 4 4 4 4 4 n o t 3 3 t ° o M o d d i a n ° ° ° ° ° ° w d l c e a 0 0 2 c i e f n n b e 2 2 2 2 2 2 e a c K i 9 5 s 4 e o e W r E 4 4 r 4 4 4 4 e d o E 9 7 f t i N W O N S S E 1 1 S B L N N N s N N s N N N o y y y y y t t t t t y i i i i i t i s s s s s e s r r r r r c r e e e e e e n v v v v v i i i i i v e i i n n n n n c n S U U U U U s U s . l e e e e e l t l e t t t t t l i s t i a a a a a s a n a t t t t t H l I t H e l S S S S S i r S d k d l e l A n n n n n o l H n e d d e I a a a a a o r d d a fi y n n fi r m m m m m y g g g g g o n n l e g e m t i i i i i a a i b a a a a a r s m a a m l a l n n l l n h h h h h s e h n h h h o h h o h y k k u c k c k c c c v c o a w g g g o g g i o i i i i a g i a a a a r e o l r l o n n n n n n I I I O O I O B C M M B W B M M T O M G I I M C . S 8 9 9 1 8 2 5 5 9 6 1 . 1 2 1 2 1 5 4 4 1 2 C 4 5 4 9 4 5 2 6 6 7 0 H 2 1 1 3 4 5 2 3 3 2 4 2 5 0 0 3 8 7 1 6 2 0 G 2 1 2 5 3 3 1 7 1 3 2 s 1 5 9 2 8 0 1 8 7 6 3 t 5 3 3 0 8 0 4 1 5 6 6 P 1 1 1 m a a m u n a c c n r u r d d i a i r r y o a a e c fi n n y o t p s i i u h n a o o p t h n t a o o n s n t r t t r i n o i p p a n o n n n a w o t c r o i r r t w r d n a a r r e n p a i n h j j o e n c a a e a h o u o a a t a n r t o j a n h i r u d d H h . i d a a m h h H t w t i i t e e h u w C p p p p v e a a p a n i r r e w p p s a w n w C C i r s s s s C . e e N o s i a i a o s H s s a t n e m i u u u u H 2 t e e u e b r n u u u a g m m b s s H H g g g g g s H n g m d o b o g g g e e o o n E b e e e e e n N e a o i e d d t t h e e e o i o i n t n a a a a n t n L m t l a e e l a a a h t t t p t p h s n t s e t t a p a t t t a . i s B s s t t w . m a a a y a y e a o t a a a y p p r p r a a r r r o o a r r r r r o r u r r r r a A a a a a a W C L T C C W C R C C F D C D C H C C C G C J J v J v 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 89 ) 3 8 4 0 3 5 0 d 0 9 8 7 0 0 6 e 0 9 9 9 0 0 9 u 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 n i t n o e l C n n n n ( r n n g o o o o h s s s o s o & n n i e s s o p p p p i E r y p p s k . e r o m m m m s t l m m e r B p o o o & o f e o o h f i o B p h h h h s t d h h e P l t o t N m l T T T T o r c r T T a N e o r o l l e l l l l d K . M P b P u u u u e u u J w W . . . l o . a . a a a r a a . P E E J P H P R P P R M F P G . d ″ r R 4 e t e d 5 ′ l s . i 1 R k 7 5 m n 4 e e ′ I n 0 v g . 5 e 8 y i d 0 d r e 1 a 2 e y d l r n e 4 ° . r r D a y w ° a 4 e a L G e r n d k 5 i t 8 b n k e n r l k 8 t 6 e i d a c u a d l o e l 1 k a W O n r L o P k m o - . W r # e C a P f m r o . - ″ s e r n t a ′ r 8 e o f e e a 5 B y , R w n C & 2 P r 9 r o h r 7 C G n e R t n t 7 . r d 8 F i e p d h . e f a n e e 6 1 n a 1 C t N n t r . ′ n o o l e n o u d a r e w , e S 9 3 i h o e p d o . o r N H W r s s o b S t 5 4 e r e c r w o d t C ° ° u a a i r S L 9 6 0 e w n o k n z 2 2 a g t . B 0 1 0 0 i v a a o a m W 4 e 4 h l e i d k l l 5 7 7 3 t . 4 1 1 4 E 2 F P E O 7 N N P B J M N N R y t i s r e v i n U s l k e l d s t i l r d a e a i H t m fi P p S a r r r w w d a l h a a o u o h e n e e t g R n n d d d e b b a S n e e fi e n e n r r e e n n n r n g e m o i f t t d w b i o n w t n a a a n e m A A a a n t t o h h l l l a t a n a i h o m y y n o h s y s s n n z t k k k r a n r n n c n e a i i a o a a a k g i e a a a r a l l e d e n l u n r W n n W O E K O O W T L C G A B S B E W I W L A W A I M 4 5 7 2 5 3 3 0 3 2 6 7 5 5 4 5 4 3 3 2 3 3 1 3 8 1 7 5 6 5 5 7 5 6 3 3 6 6 5 5 3 3 4 2 4 1 3 2 4 6 0 5 3 2 0 1 9 5 0 6 0 5 6 0 9 9 2 6 9 1 6 1 1 3 1 1 4 1 0 1 3 5 3 1 8 4 3 2 3 4 7 6 4 6 1 5 1 3 5 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 * a e r a a a i e e u a a l r r a i i a p o l l a u u n e f a a r o o i n s p p a a f f e e t u r r i a i i u a a s p i t t u u a p n a p p i s s o n i u m t p p h o l i r o o u u g g y r c a o o o r r g h l e t g g r u r r f e n r e e n h h i s t t u u i v i a a e n n e e v v a s s o i e e a a e e v u i i d v a a e l s s s n l l u u B e e u n s r n s s s s s B r r s s s o u u u O o B B a u O O E u u u u n T o T T o u u r g r r m n a m m n m m g g n n e n n g d m m m m e e n y c l y g y a y y n n l l g g e i a a i m m y y y y i i i s d p i a p i i i d d a a r n n n g s n n n n n s s s s n n u e s s n e e e n n o s o r o n s s o r o o r o i r r o o i g i a a a i i i l u u u u u e u e l u l u u u u u u m p a p p D P R P E E E D R R E E W B E B E E B S E S E F S A 90 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 1 3 3 5 3 7 4 4 5 3 a 0 0 9 9 0 9 0 0 9 0 e 0 0 9 9 0 9 0 0 9 0 Y 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 e e l l e l r r n r h h o n h e e e e e s o i & E E E y y t y y p s k ) z t . . t . s r o o t o o n n l l e ( l l m i e B B e B e r s o n s v B B B B e s l s e d d h d K t t t t v a a a o o o c r o r r r r T r B o e o e e e o e B l H s M b b b b G u w w . w u u b l o l o . o o l . a t t E R E E M R B P S S O L R R ″ 8 r ″ 8 a 4 ″ 1 e . 5 6 e . n 2 4 v ) ′ 5 . 5 i e ′ . 3 3 5 7 r ′ 4 g y 4 e 5 1 m t - 8 ′ 1 D d k 0 o l r ° . 9 2 a t e M 3 ° 4 . H 4 B L n ( p 8 ° 4 2 o i l . s k ° o 4 8 o d a o t d c r r d 5 r W z 8 o e P - a e e n a 8 p W . . o t e R . ″ - n a k e e W w d r S e l 4 ″ o w - W u t u g v l o t e v s 6 ″ 6 - f R a t F a S ′ u T A p n g 1 8 7 o t A e 3 . . . k o o t n 6 r W n r G k r h . e 4 5 . 9 i t r t r h e o o c e s d v 2 1 4 5 d 0 a a r S K . ′ ′ ′ n o n l P k L n 6 A R l W r u u 4 4 3 4 i t o c a t e C i f f o 4 3 4 2 C n 6 8 n t i B a D v S o c ° ° ° ° l n o a 8 7 8 o f i o G 2 r 2 2 2 i n c 9 1 7 9 o B a m 4 u b 4 4 4 t n a o W W 0 0 0 0 i 1 9 N M 1 S N N 4 H A L J N N S N V A U n y y t t o i i i e t s s d e c r r a k t n e e n a v v S e a i i i l L l c n n h l a S l c c U U i . i u t e e R g s t t G o f n a a a l I t t . o e o o o r o S S o i k o o t o E o A n a e B o z e z n n r z u l z e o o r a n d a N a a o n a a t t a m g a r c a y o o n g g p o i s m m e n g t g d m b m i i a i s a m s m a a h e l w k n n l o n n a n a h h t m l i a n a k k i l h h a l e l e u l k l r c c l a e t c c n x w a l g g i i a a 2 t a n a o r a e o l e a e a . a o n n O A K I K O C M 3 O I C M M J L T K K K J S N L . S 2 0 6 8 5 5 2 7 4 4 . 3 0 0 4 9 8 7 2 7 8 C 1 1 1 0 6 3 8 7 1 6 6 2 1 H 7 6 5 9 8 0 8 8 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 6 3 0 6 8 4 5 6 G 4 4 4 9 7 3 8 3 0 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 s 7 0 7 8 1 8 2 2 6 8 t 3 2 0 1 8 5 9 5 2 7 P 2 1 3 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 a e c a i n n a u h e p c h o e t h r e a t c d p a e . B e r e . S u r g a B a a a n v v n i i i a i l l c v n h t h i h h h a a l p o o a a c a c n e a a a a a a c c f f c c c e o e e e e e i i o c c i c c i c c h e e f e h h h e c c e m i i i i i i e t t p i d d c a i i e e t t t t t t e c c c C a a l a a o d B e B a a a a a a e e e e W n n n n B B B e r v v u e n . N e e e v v v v v v u u a a l l c u n l l l l l l m n n a d i 2 n n n r r p p B B B B y y r n a a y y y y y y a a E a a a n n g g s s o o g s s s s s s e o r r r r c c E r r e e c e N u i i h t t s s s e s e e e i p s s s s s s s p p t L r m r p r p a a p p p p o n u u u u u u u u e u u u o o e e . i e o B r . . m p p p p g g r g r g t g r g g g a g g g r r r m o m u o o o o a a m a u a u a a a a a a a a A a p t a a A F L T C F v A F F A F E F F E E S F C F F C a F v C C v 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 91 ) 3 4 3 5 4 5 3 4 3 5 4 d 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 e 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 u 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 n i t n o e e e l l l e e e C l l l r r ( r r r r h h h n e h h h & e e o i i y E E E E E E y t y s a k k o . . . t r . . . r o o l s s l e l e t r r B B B B B B s B s h o o B B s n d t d d d d d P t t a m m e r o o o c r o r o o e e o o B e e o o o o o o M b P P F b b w w w w u w w o . . o o l l . . l l l l t R R E R R S E E E G E R E E f n o s i ″ t ″ a ″ f r 4 e t 6 3 e o e 4 n 6 . 5 r n ′ d ′ . ′ ′ r . u t 0 r n 4 7 e 0 3 5 ′ 2 o ′ f ′ S o a 6 5 n 2 2 9 f 9 o 9 r c l 1 0 2 5 2 h . . 2 . . 4 o n d ° o r c ° ° 5 2 5 c 9 o 4 W o n t r a 4 4 3 4 3 1 r r 8 e h a e i u ° ° ° 8 ° 8 a u e c n m 6 5 3 h 5 f y e m y W . . S u H 8 8 8 r W W 8 r t . - t C d - - N 5 — a + ″ e c a . S e ″ ″ r i . W . k W 2 R W W 1 r r v d 4 s W . 7 4 - b - - - k k r 2 o l ′ r l ′ ′ ′ b i n A r u r . 0 8 i . i a e e b 6 . . 7 8 0 w a a a . L t a 7 d r & n L t 0 P 2 2 9 r 8 4 M o r w P a P 5 f y l a ′ 8 5 5 A 3 S 6 4 T n a o o ′ . ′ o . . . n e n n i 3 n t r H l u m d T 3 3 5 e & 7 4 7 t e c b o 4 o e t n e e s 4 4 2 e e k e a 1 1 1 s ° 7 k s d h l i S 2 ° ° ° ° ° ° d n n i n t i t n 2 4 w c w k 2 2 4 2 2 2 s a n t t o a r u n o 9 9 4 3 o m 4 4 4 4 4 c 4 e e r e r l r o o o 2 2 1 B B B W 2 F B 8 4 B 1 C N F S N N N N N A P N y t y y i t t i i s s s r r r e e e v i v v i i n n n U U U r e s e e o t t t d b a i a a t r t t p o o S A o o S S o o a n o o e o o o o n e R z z n l o n n e z z d z z l t e a a e a n a a i a c a k a s t a n t m g l v g g e m s m A a s i g a m m i i m a i m m i m i m a h l a i E n t n h r t a h h a r a a h a a n i n h h y l k l f t r l l c l l c c n a g a i v a a g i g i a a a o a n o a a a e o i n n n W I M I N K K O K K M I P M L M K K N S M A 0 0 2 5 8 4 5 2 0 0 1 7 5 4 3 4 4 8 6 9 5 6 2 1 4 5 1 6 2 2 8 5 0 5 5 6 4 5 8 4 9 7 5 0 1 4 0 9 8 8 9 8 5 2 2 3 6 6 6 7 7 2 4 4 3 7 4 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 4 2 1 8 1 8 6 0 8 3 2 4 3 4 3 0 5 2 4 5 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 2 1 3 a a a h t e l r a a c r a a a t t u i e o l l u a a l h e d n i i u u h p o i h h c h h c n n n d d B r c c c c e i i c c e e i n n u e e f e a c c e e e r e e l p e e a a p a t e e B l l p p B . . e . . B B B B r r f . . . . r r h L a a r r r r g f f a a a a a c g g a a a a n n a a n v v e a e v v e n n i a a v v v v l e e l i i e l L p a a a c c p a a L L p p a a a a i i y e h t c c c r B c c r r e e t t i c c c i c i i i e c h u i i i i t t t u e e e e t t u u t t t t d e p a a a a a C P W a a a a e e m m C C W W o v v v v v v v v v v a a l l l r l l B h h n n n l l l l n n n n a y y y e s s y y s s a a a y y y y r e a a a a t s s s s s s s s s e e e u u A A e e e e o e L l s s s s s p p p n n s s s s p p p p e e h i i o o o o u u u t t u u u u n u u o o o o . x x i i c r r r g r r r g g r r g g g g g g r i a a h h e u u u a u u a a u u a a r a a a a r r a F F E F F F E F F F E v E E E F F E F T F W W 92 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 5 6 3 1 1 2 1 2 2 3 6 4 7 a 8 9 8 0 8 7 7 7 9 0 0 0 9 e 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 9 Y 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 e e l l n n r r n n n n e o & r h h o o o o s & r i u l e s s s s e p i l E E k y p p p p h ) y B e k . . s & t n s n o m s i & b r ( l m m m m w a a n B B o r l l h n o o o o o p a a B i m t e h p p w d d h h h h i S V t p S v m a a m e T o o r r T T T T a . o r m a e h o e o l K e K l l l l v d S P L s a b u C u u u u W w w e e e . . . b . n o l o l a a . t a a a o o P J R R S S P P R E R E O P N J A N P r 0 e 9 ″ n . 8 3 2 . . g 5 3 2 l e 3 i - d a 2 . . l v a 5 t l . ° 8 R r ′ c 4 t A a W 3 t e 9 i c e 6 l 0 H b e 2 S k n a n m 6 l n i r l ° s S r r l . i l o l 8 . 6 e e . t 4 r a a n — . d e t 2 n d 1 i k r a 8 n k k H b . S H H R a 6 o p R e w t . r r D p l W a r L y b o a c e 6 a a l e C - i 0 e r e h l m b k T 8 e L ″ g t l P P e b 0 f v - a a S i i b f . A i 5 r n 4 ° d D d v , m d d L p C o 5 o o 8 6 R N I n . n e u 2 u - n n f s 9 L l n e m J 5 a l k 4 m 3 a a l ′ o n t a 1 o d o a l l a t W a 3 4 c R o h s s 4 o c e G , C c n i C L W 9 s 4 a S I I 3 i t 0 a o d ) y t . ° f r t a N i i a 4 0 2 2 f g f 1 S n 2 w 2 i s o a n 8 c p 1 8 2 6 o o 3 m r e o . 4 4 o 4 o o 4 1 2 2 n 2 3 N W N N T 2 2 I 1 W L C ( N 7 C T N N O k r a P s e n u D y y t t r i i s l s s a l r r e a e e B v v F i i l g n n a n t U U i s s l p c e e y l e t t i a r i e a a a l t H t C e g r S S S a . n d — e l A n o e l u 2 e e n n w d l e I o g r a e e d d 2 a a o s t n fi y - e c a y o n n I e n n n g g e m m g a w t w e D a i i n s n a a l m l a a a a a n l n a n a l e l M n s s l i i h h i o f y i k g l o h h y t s u r k r k e n n c l c o r r f n x o w a o a g i g i a f n r a a e e o d e d e e e l a e o n n S L O W I L W C O L A O L B B G N M A B B T O C I M . S 6 9 2 3 6 0 4 8 0 1 4 5 . 1 9 9 3 3 7 0 4 0 5 0 4 C 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 6 5 5 7 2 7 6 9 H 1 0 3 7 5 5 3 6 7 9 9 6 1 1 1 1 1 2 7 2 0 4 9 5 3 6 5 1 7 G 0 4 1 6 7 9 8 9 9 6 7 7 2 2 2 1 1 2 s 7 3 6 6 1 1 3 8 6 0 3 7 t 2 0 0 9 4 8 3 6 7 9 9 5 P 3 4 3 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 3 1 * a a t c a a a a a a i l t t c c c n d i i i u a a a l l e a n n n g a n u u a u v a a a n l a d g g n n * v v v a i y c l l l a n n n t i r s y y y c a a u a r n e i d s s s r r n f r e r a o a n n n d d n o h m r e g a a n n n C s i e u r m a g e i e e e u u m a n p q p A . N h a n p p p q q h h h h h h m h s s s s s s 2 s s s s s h n s s s n s s s s s s a h h i u u u u u s A A A A s s A A u o u u u u u u A A E k N n n n n n A n n n n n n n A A i i i i i e n n n n p L m e k i i k i i i i i t n t x x x e x x e e e e i c c e e x i i x x x x x x B m m e e e e t a a a a a a u a h a a a a a a u a u h r r r r o l l a r r l r l l r r u r r r r r r r A F L T C F W W B F F B F G F F F G G G F B F B B F F P 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 93 ) 3 9 8 3 0 0 6 6 5 4 d 9 8 9 0 7 7 6 7 8 0 e 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 0 u 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 n i t n o e i r l C n & n k e ( r n o s o r n h o s & & s n i e e g s p p l E s o z k k a y p l r t e . s c & e o m m i a i e r l m W r f l B b J o o f f n h f f o o f i f B p p f h t b h e r d d h i e e r e t S m r T T m o P r e J N T a N N o m t a e o l . l l t e h H . . S P b l u C m J u u J J c a w . . . a . . . i o l a . a a o R T H M S D R H W H P R R P E P ″ 7 5 . l 7 a 5 r ′ t f d 8 . r n o h 2 d a e e e c ° k v v R r C v i 4 n e . n i u l r 8 a r k c e d . h u i r e b e D l . D d , e o R W e C o - r d w 4 y d R e N B t w r ″ h o r 3 o C l t k i R e , r e o 3 - d a l a a a o c e l b v i T 1 y r a n i n . r n o S L a . C M e w c a b a r s k 5 o o , d R r i i n y e f l c 5 n l T h C & e l & ′ o l R o n r L G o t c E a l 3 e e e a o t y l e c M S S t 4 m u S i h H 2 C V c r g l H W l ° h 1 5 g h 3 f y e r f d y i 2 E b s 7 4 7 g 5 5 t c a o b o e a n i 4 i i u i 7 1 2 7 4 e 5 8 C P 1 B E W N K S H N L E 2 2 n y t i s r e v r i i s n a e l r U C r o e o . h t t i b S a t S r t n . n f S a A e w w e i a t o l l a a r e n e e n i I P l r l e e n n e d e a s n i e e l t a W a e e e o e e o g e e e a i p m s o A t t o w A i S l d r d s s r n I r a r Y n n n o h h a f s s s f s h i n y r n n l C l h l n s y y s y f t o c l o n o o l l o a o o a a a a a . g o i i i m o e r r e e t n S W W I M H M W 3 M M M B H W W W S W D W G G L 9 6 8 7 9 0 2 9 0 0 4 7 0 2 5 6 6 0 4 7 6 0 1 1 1 1 5 0 2 0 7 0 4 5 0 8 6 7 3 1 8 7 8 9 8 0 7 1 1 1 1 1 7 0 5 4 0 7 3 7 5 2 7 8 6 5 4 2 2 4 2 6 5 3 2 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 7 9 8 4 2 3 2 0 0 0 6 0 8 1 1 4 4 5 5 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 t s t t t s s s u u u u s s c c c c o o o s s s s o o o s h h o o o o L t t o L L L a h h h h y n n t t h t t d y y y t e a a n n n n e e e n n n c c a a a a * a a t n n n u a a a t t c c c c o a a f s b b o o o c i i s s b b h a a a a s o o o u i i a i i r r i s H u u s s s o o l l r H H H i r r r r t t c i i i l l i i c c t t r t t A i i p s t o m s s s b b o o a s a m m m b b a a s a a s s r s i i n L r r r e i i a i i L L i e e e e o o s s l u i o o e e e o o s s s s l l l o o t t k y t t s t t g g y y n n g g i n i n n n g g n n n g g i i t i i i e i p i i i e e r k k k k r r r k k k k d d d d d d d . x n n . n . . o m n n o e e o o n n n n n n e e e e e r r r r a i i l o l i i i i i i l o l l o l l u h r h h h a a a a G G G G G G G F P G G H G v G T H v G G H v T G G T v T 94 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 3 4 4 6 4 5 3 6 9 a 0 0 7 8 0 6 0 9 8 e 0 0 9 9 0 9 0 9 9 Y 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 a e n n n l n n o o o r n s s o s h n e e e e s p p p e E r y y y p ) & K e d . n s o o o m m m c t l ( l l m n o o o o t B r m o s e B B B e r e M h h h l t h r d s t u t t t e v i T T T s t e e i r o r r r T h a e l l l e n e S p o e l N i a s b b b C u . u u B u . w n u b o o o a d a a l . a . R M P P E S P K P E R D O R E g ″ 0 n 4 4 i ″ 5 - d 2 3 l . . i 0 i M . . 3 u s s t ′ 2 m 2 n t r B ′ 9 5 r e o ′ u 3 4 ″ 2 u n v 8 o 1 1 3 i 4 1 o o r ° . c y 2 2 i f 9 c m ′ t ° e 4 0 - r s D o l . a 3 4 s i I 8 1 l a r i r d ° 1 . 8 n t a f F N n ° e a 6 e s W n o i V t n 4 . v - o 8 v W m e i s r n ″ e t e - 8 a S r i t p A ″ 2 n R e W n u e i y i r 8 - i 1 W s m y h e ′ t h n v - a t B 7 0 n d s m 8 . B a ″ . o r D e m t r m 6 6 f . . 1 1 A l 2 o R d e f n 8 4 1 1 o k k f r f i E , . ′ ′ ′ v n o r r N l n a o o . e 3 7 3 3 i p a a a o l . t l i C i g 4 3 4 4 G e e P P t k S m H ° ° ° ° a N d d l a d 0 n a i r i y y 2 2 1 1 e h a c 9 8 t t t 4 t a s s 4 4 4 4 i i e o r w 0 2 4 1 E 4 E F 8 C C 6 B 1 S L N N E N N W y y t t i i s s r r k e e r v v i i a n n n e P v U U e a t e e a t t H t r a a a s S t t h e u t n t r S S n n n e u n a e e A o n n o o c b r r d e e m i i b n r g d a a S e g r i e e n e c c u u e y l o n m l e g g m o m m f a t n n D i i k w w B B a f k o a k a o o a g C e e l n t n a a h h s n f s c h r r c h c e r k . u n n c c n n i l a o w u a u t a g o o i i g a a t l o W a a e e r o n n I O V U M M M M M A C N M L L F M M H M T I V N . S 0 3 1 9 0 1 1 2 0 8 8 . 4 2 6 0 6 6 4 9 2 C 1 6 9 2 3 4 3 4 8 5 2 3 H 7 3 1 4 8 9 9 8 2 2 3 1 8 5 9 7 8 4 7 1 7 2 7 G 1 5 1 6 1 7 0 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 s 4 0 8 0 5 2 6 4 7 6 2 t 4 6 0 7 8 1 3 1 5 3 4 P 1 3 2 2 2 2 t s a s u e n a d s s s u e e e c e a e n s u u u c e e e r i o i a u c c c o r r r i T i i i n L o n h T T T i i n i o o o t i e y t i i i g d y e e e y n a e e y g l r n l d d d e e e e a a l t f l i r l s n f f f l o f i e c s s s f f f a o v o m u o r o l l o v a C u u u l o o o l a i e s e d s H e i H e H d d d i s r C H i z n C C C . a l i t N a c z a a a i a l l i s m a t n y n l l l e c 2 n a m y y y c c t a s c e n a u c c c a r k a a i a k k k a r H e o o m H s c E e c s n o o o l g c - c c c m N p e p - i t i i r n a n n n n n n u i a L m u u u r o v h o h r i e t a n t t t h r e d c t l c i e m m B . m m m m c m t t n n n n x x o t t x e r g i i y a i l y y y a o e e e e m e e a u e m h A a l l u l v L T C G B G T G K G K G K K H H W I W A A I I J M 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 95 ) 5 9 5 5 3 4 6 7 5 8 8 8 d 8 8 9 9 8 0 9 9 9 8 8 9 e 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 u 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 n i t n o e l C n n & ( r n n n n o o h & s o o o s o n r s s s s t p p e E e n t p p p p e . c n a o n r m m t n n o m m m m t c a B o o T a l s m e s o o o o o t . y h h l p n e p u d h h h h c g l n r m r i a R t h e s l T T o S e a T T T T s P e r e o l o B l n i K l l l l H r n J . v & u g u S G u u u u w . P h e . a A l . e C a a a a a a . . . . o o P P A W E M J P E J J P P J R S K P T y b 7 d 4 ⁄ 1 6 e n e ′ r l 2 e s i 8 u E e 3 d s 6 - m a N a w 4 3 t o . e . 9 7 e 1 f 1 R 8 d f e m b 2 o 2 . c e o r ° d d R . d . n n e a t 6 R S e R r d R e o c k 7 8 . . . t i . e d . 1 e a 9 i t t n l R d d i s n t d e 3 l t c S i 9 a s W S o t m R R s v a - . . R e n h 1 t i ′ r t m r n r u S A i e e , 4 H e 1 W . j S k l l o K W o v n 1 t t y i 6 b 6 c t t d f d . l a U f H o e i i 5 1 o n l l n o . m M o u r i N 2 L L p W p a M R 2 & i - a S C B 2 S W S . N 5 7 0 1 1 e h 4 ⁄ ° 8 i N K 1 i 5 9 5 4 5 1 1 0 0 0 k S 3 8 6 a 2 8 1 0 6 6 3 3 2 2 - e m m 4 E r 1 d 2 3 8 2 5 4 6 3 1 1 o 2 2 ⁄ ⁄ 7 1 2 2 6 2 3 4 4 4 T N 1 1 E N M J D a e p i s d l h n l e s e o t h n s r fi o d o w C w o m r w o n p u a o e o f o n t a z o e l o z T n e s o l l b o t o H s n a d d b i l e t a e l a a a g c n n r e n t n n f v n m g t i a B m N a m n d o o w E n a m a t A o h h o i l o t k n t h i t l l s a t t a a i i r s s i s a f l c s l n p n t s r d n k l k e n l y n n x a i a i o a a a i m e e o a W a n c o l a l r u n e a e W S K W H O N L N L K A M H 5 N O A W C K L M C O C 0 8 0 6 8 1 9 5 1 6 4 4 6 1 7 2 3 8 9 0 1 7 9 2 2 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 6 4 0 1 1 8 3 7 3 0 9 7 4 9 8 5 8 2 5 0 0 1 1 7 6 1 1 1 1 1 7 9 3 9 1 6 0 9 7 4 6 7 5 3 7 7 8 6 6 5 8 2 1 4 4 4 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 0 8 2 7 7 7 7 4 2 1 7 7 6 9 0 8 5 6 1 2 1 6 5 8 5 3 3 2 1 3 4 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 * s i n u r e m t a p t a a e i u m t u a r e e a n n t t t t t t o r r i r a a a a a a n e a l u l u u u u u u c u r r r r r r i e e g g a n n i a n n n n n n J g g g g g g g i n n e l s l l l l l l i i i i i i t i i e n r c t t W a u W a a a a a a r n c c n n n n n n u u u s s r s o h W n s s s s s s s s s h W W W W W W n n e n n n s r s n r n r n n n n n n n i m p i k a a a k k k k k k e l a e a e a a a a a a a i l l l l t c l t l c t l l l c c l l c l c c l t g m t t g g g n g a g g a g g g a a g g a g a a g u n l o u l u n l l l l l u u u u u u u u u u u u u J B J B B B E J E J J J J J B J C B B J J B J B B J 96 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 5 3 2 3 6 3 8 9 7 8 6 a 6 0 6 0 0 0 8 6 9 6 9 e 9 0 9 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 Y 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 e l n r n k o e h s o e r e y s c e p d y E i o p ) o l n . w n s n n l m k a y ( m y z a B a B o f f r c B l l e o e a f f i e h p p v w t t d h e e S n r R v a a e r r T i o r T a N N r e e h l o y e K K l . . d H M b b s a u n u J J w e e . o o n . . . b o l a o a o o H R P R A T P H D J H O N E J , ″ n 9 e 8 d ″ 4 2 l . r 1 3 h 4 a s 1 8 9 ′ o 3 . - g e ′ 0 3 P 4 S m n ′ 8 4 4 u & u 2 9 7 U 0 i & . ° . . 2 r D s r 4 ° 6 g m & o d e r 8 4 5 t d o . i ° l n R a 8 r d f 4 ) e d W k B w e y - 8 R l u W s r R B n o k ″ r c - s p e i . a c e T A e ″ 2 R t g W a o s ( o g k b v e - 8 0 f f r l n ′ i u . d d i c 1 9 o o M r r t i a 1 . . m a p e r d f S e r M 3 3 3 d R w , e l v e & e o 9 4 5 i e C R e d y ′ ′ . o n n n n l n r d r a k 8 3 3 e e o R f r m i n S J i o m e n 4 4 4 e g s t o o o o c ° ° ° a f o r a n c m w c f x w 2 2 2 b o x a i t t c a o a o i W e l 4 4 4 r e e o E W W C N N W B A S B M W W L N S N E N y y t t i i s s a r r e e e r v v n A i i o n n e n c d o U U a m t n r a s e e e a M t t e l s t G m a a r s f a d t t a . a I e y o e t i n n S S l r c v w e S a l u . a n l i d E v A n n i u u r e t l o d a t a a r r e d u N a a W o T i n m m g y g o o h n h i n n f H n i t w i C Q a a a d m c a c e e P l o a a n a l n a h h f f l l m n o t h i h n n n i f c u c k e e r n o o a x a e a w g g n i i n M i o 3 r l a e e W o r e r o . . o n o n o I L L I I G W S N I M C P B L 0 W G T S O M W B . S 2 9 8 8 1 4 0 3 0 7 0 . 1 4 2 2 4 1 5 9 2 7 C 8 9 8 6 1 0 5 7 4 1 8 H 4 1 6 6 5 4 5 8 5 7 5 3 7 3 6 1 3 2 4 9 3 G 5 2 1 1 5 8 3 0 2 9 0 1 1 1 1 s 5 5 7 6 2 2 1 2 1 7 9 t 1 3 3 8 2 4 8 7 3 5 9 P 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 . r a a t v a l s s a a d i i u e n n n n a a a c r u a a r r r i n n n u u i i a e n a a a r a a a n i n n d e i i i d d d t r r m m h i i a a r e h h n n n e e e e e c n g g e d i i i p c c T m m a r C p p o r r e C C C r r g g g i i - a a a i i m o o a u - - - a r r r a a n C s i d i i i u u c n c n v v a C i d d d L d e s - r L L e v v v i d d u u e e e i a . s s s s N e i i e d c n m J J R s s s r k t 2 n n R R R c c u u u u R e e a n a a r u u u e e a a r r r r p u s d d n d e o r r r n n n E R e e e e e e n d d e u s e N r r r r n e n e e p r e e p p L p p p p m x d b e e e e l p p p k x x i i i i o u n u i r t t t t d o o i i i i i . . i e B r r l m s r o o s s s r r n n n n t r r r p r n n n o r r o o a u a u a a a a u a u a e A u a u u u a u u u J G v L T C J d J G J J J E E E E J v E B K L E L L E G 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 97 ) 5 5 6 1 9 7 5 5 6 d 0 6 7 0 8 7 7 0 9 e 0 9 9 0 9 9 9 0 9 u 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 n i t n o e l n e e C l l r ( n n o r r r s h o o & h h e s s o & E h E E n p p p . c e . . y t m m m e v f B d u B B i f o o o g r r d o e r d D h h h d d N e e o d e o o o N T T T k k e b B u o C o o a a . c l l l A f J B u u u u w B B w w f . M . l r l l a a a . . . e E H B P D P P J J J J E E A s d y d t n i n d s a a n l d r ′ ′ a . k e a 5 E 6 r a v o k 6 . e i 0 r e t e t 6 O 0 f n c . e . f n r n 6 e 1 o U e 0 y d a 3 C 1 h r 6 r C ° t ° d n t e R . t n 5 5 a n n f e r d e e 8 8 e e g d r o d o i k R , m u n t R b a l d h W W t N E e e i s e E S - , a - c L e a ′ ′ , a i c t C . B N o O . r r n s R s i 4 5 y i N e r . k E d e R f T 1 7 M 2 e R i r P r e e m e n o 3 s 8 0 s , a e e l P e . . v v n u e o s i 1 c e d P 9 7 r S N o r r N A n I m P E r , t e R r 1 1 e e o . d t a 4 ° ° f i a e d p t g 0 f 8 n s l o i t r L f y 3 2 2 o i P l n l 8 o 1 i s e - o 4 4 i e v . o u a 5 3 4 0 5 r N 3 3 T W B M W 7 W E P 5 F V I N N 3 k r a P t o s r a t e E s o l , M l o s i z d n H a n k o o o e o o r o o m o d s e o l u o z a r z d W a e e z l d a i n H a e u a C t fi a t t a e n r r n n u i e e e i i r e m e n e w H e n a m e K m o m o n n n o o i e e l l r a a p a y r h a r r r a o h t f f y y y l r k t e l k s t t t l r l t w n a o o o a a a a a a c e e e e a e a a a u e l a o B O W W O W K L E H L L D B K W L E W D D C B K 2 3 0 6 8 4 8 4 4 0 4 8 3 4 9 6 1 2 5 5 6 5 5 7 1 4 3 5 3 3 0 9 8 9 1 2 8 8 5 0 2 2 0 8 8 5 6 8 9 1 1 1 1 3 6 9 0 2 1 9 2 2 4 1 4 4 5 3 1 5 8 0 0 6 5 8 6 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 7 8 1 8 4 5 5 8 6 2 6 2 6 3 8 9 1 0 3 2 7 8 3 1 3 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 a u a a a a r r r fl a a a u u u u a a a i r r r l l l c fl fl fl fl e e e p p p i i i i f f f a i i i c c c c o o o r k a a a a k p p p P P P y c i r r r r i i n c t l l l i a y y y y h s a u t t t t u u w w w r o c r t t t s s s s o o o a r z r a a a l l l r r r r a n n n l l l a n a u n m a a a a m e e e i o o o e b n L d a r r r i b b b b c Y Y Y a i b h / / / T c m d d d r n m T c m m m m s r e e e m m m m a n n n a e a a u u u u u u a e e e n a a a a l n r e e e e l d g r r d r g g g g r r b d d d d t e t t i t t t t t d d d p x i i i i e e e e x x i e e e e p p p t d u t o o o o u u u u i i c i i i e i i i r s e e e e s r i r r l l l n q r q q q q r r a i a i a a u a i i i i i i i p w u u u w w w w L E L E L E L L S T L T S L S L S L L S L S L T 98 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 9 5 6 2 1 5 3 8 3 0 0 a 7 0 0 0 7 7 9 6 7 9 7 e 9 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Y 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 d i e e m l l r n r r n n a o i h h s o o r r s s e D p E E e d p p ) c p . . y l s & n m p l ( m m n B a B i M w o f f f f r a o o f f f f o a h e h d y d h h s e e e e m w S l v l S T o o e r r T T S e N N N N r . s l o o h e e l l . . . . s d s a N u v u u J D J J J w w u n . . . . . b o . l e l a a a R A P H G C H H E B P H O E P N 5 ′ 6 2 t 5 n 9 6 S ) a . 4 5 . 6 n , y . m i 0 b 6 2 y r / e e a S u 8 r ° e . 0 l v d t e e 5 i t e w 1 t M y e C H v W r u s 8 s e o i a t a o − u r r E m y h D s m e r 8 w W o E e B a p B t D - m e e g 8 h ′ e C H E n y r E r y k d 0 s g C 8 r . u i i e a e a d o 2 0 e – 2 o & n t v n t J F o H 0 3 i L H t s 4 e e . t d . C o i 2 m f e l r t e R n 4 o t . l N r u m o R t o k d S o . 2 l W n n . u e n g ) s o t F ° n f r a o e S o A w 2 o x C n b 2 G fi e s e o r e , r . C e o 1 . o 4 r r v u t t . u t t d t - O i ′ M 7 n B s e s e n o E S D N o f S S p n H n e e o k n n e h t o . m o H I r s t d i r S i c U c 0 l o o t n s d e d i i T W r n w e a d d a m 5 u 0 a t t u o d y l u n k r f g c r o l 3 o c c 1 g m o o e E t f a h i l o d o a i o e e 0 1 4 - C O 5 C 3 O B E S M E B O F 2 L F W F ( 2 ( S S p i y h s c n n i d w a u n a p e o a s Q r l T s o n f h A h e z e d e o p c d r k d r a i n e n n n a r e h t t c n n u y o e e e i i e n s o O c t a o o N R e m e o i w m f s B n n n o o i r s i a o r n n n a t a r a i t e i f r o r r r t k i y y y J l k r u l t t r a r r r r n k n o w c a a a a n c . a m e a e e r e e o e o l a e d a t o a a o B W B S F 2 B K I V J W B L C D J B C L T W H N D A . S 2 1 3 9 4 5 5 2 9 1 7 . 8 9 3 6 6 4 7 8 6 7 7 C 1 6 6 2 0 5 5 2 0 0 6 2 H 2 0 9 7 7 8 7 7 5 6 9 1 1 1 1 0 8 4 2 3 5 1 1 8 8 7 G 0 7 7 6 7 7 3 2 6 6 1 9 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 s 8 9 3 2 8 7 0 7 9 2 8 t 4 9 0 5 6 3 1 4 2 0 0 P 3 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 a r r r r a a a a a e l r r d l l a f a p i t e e e p p i a a a a a a f f o l i i i a t t t p u i i o o a l l l i o a a a P n n l p p r o o o a a a a P P i i i i n n n n e r r r r t u l l i n i n i n f t w g e e e e n m u u i w w e g g g f f f f t t o a e m m m e e e e i i i i o o o u a a a l n m l l m g u u u l g g g g c n n l l C o M m m m m a c c c e o n M n n n n M M a e e e r o o a a a o o o o Y r r r p a a a a a . N Y Y r r r / d p p p p / / a m r r r r r e d d 2 a a a e e e e i n a e e n i i i a b l n n a a a a e b l l b l b O O O O O e r e e o r r r r E e e o r N r r o o o m t d u e m e e e e m m t t u u u u d d n L m l n n n l l l l p o u n g u g g g g u u p p o o g c i i c i c g g c c g i i B c i i m c c c l a a a a a t l l r a a r r a a a a a a a s s s s s o i u u u u i i a u A u u L T T T L M M M L T C L M O C M C M O O M O M O C M C 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 99 ) 3 7 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 5 d 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 e 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 u 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 n i t n o C ( & r e e e e d e e e e y y y y e n n y k y y e o o o o o r a l o l l o o l r s l l a l l T r B B B B d P B B B e y l o t t t t g r i t t t d n i t r r r r o r r r e s o n e e e e t e e e B i r W b b b b S b b b g A a o o o o . A o o o e . . h R R R V S R R D R R A R L g ″ n ″ ″ 9 ″ ″ ″ i + s ″ 5 7 9 2 3 4 d . 0 n l 0 9 2 4 0 8 i . . 5 . . . 9 e 0 s 4 8 . 3 u 3 7 6 e d ′ ′ ′ s e ′ ′ n 4 i 4 r n B ′ e 9 9 8 9 9 ′ e r a o 2 9 2 2 e 2 2 8 s t d n T ° ° ° ° ° e i 2 r e s 2 G e r 4 ° 4 4 4 4 ° a c k e g e l s i 8 4 8 8 i 8 8 4 l T s c t n G a u v 8 i c a 8 . u S B e l o r l l t r W W W W W o i l e a - - - - - B y S B W W O . H n c e e ″ ″ ″ ″ ″ t S - - s H f o f s ″ 4 2 6 8 3 ″ o n f i B t n m o & s o e s 3 8 8 7 9 5 7 u o d l e , n . . . . . i e r 9 7 e o l m k e e r d 8 3 . 2 4 3 . v l n i w l e i n e r C d 5 5 0 5 5 5 1 e o d w c o n ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ l r K a a r n r D u o T n i 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 C o u t . r b o . o G 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 C C f o S c s B t N s S N ° ° ° ° ° ° ° l c f o r s f f k 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 a n 5 2 o e 4 a o c o W 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 e a E E 2 1 e 1 a S V W 1 S 2 N 3 S E N y N N N J B N N N N y y y y t t t t y y y i i i i t t t i i i s s s s s s s r r r r r r r e e e e e e e v v v v i i i i v v v i i i n n n n n n n U U U U U U U s e e e e g e e e t t t t t t t n a a a a i a a a t t t t t t t r S S S S S S S p r w n n n n S a o e n n n a a a a n e b a a a n n n n m m m m r e g g g g n g g g m e m m o t w i i o e i i i i i a a a a i i A a a s a a s h a h h h h i h h r h r h h h h k h h h s k c r c c c n c r c r n c g g g g c i i i i a g c i i g g i e d e e n a n a n n n n n n I I L J I M I M A M J B M B M W I A M I I M 3 6 1 2 0 6 2 3 3 0 3 1 8 3 3 6 3 2 3 3 2 1 9 8 1 8 6 7 2 4 1 2 9 5 3 3 2 1 2 1 0 1 8 7 0 9 1 1 3 7 8 1 4 3 3 3 2 5 4 1 2 1 1 6 0 7 6 8 6 5 6 7 0 2 7 5 9 6 0 7 3 5 4 2 1 s s u l u a a i i b i l t o o M n k n = e . l a g . g l r a i a n e M l a r n a s a e p r M = a e a i i . l t a ′ i e p e . g r r i a r l p r a a ′ l i a g a e e M i n a e o l p e n i a l a M o t t b n a t a i l l n n a t o a t n f i a o i i × l a a S i f a l a o i a l b b v a b l o g i t n h i l r i m c l u . o a e e c o l n l a u a i l c e P g o r l u o l i C e r o o n g i o e n o p W l a n a l l s c o t a i n y s r M g a g r t n a l C i r g r × × × s a s n l e b a s t e × M a g S r i u a a g t e M o n a a a a a a t e a t r l g a a a a a a i i i i i i M i M i i i b r r M o B M l b l l l l l l e a n l l l ′ ′ l h l e e M e s o o o o o o r M a y P l r o o o e m o i s s s o e n n n n n n e n r o e W l n n n e r r y u M c u u o b s c g g g g g g b s . g g r g l l r r c i . R . i e b u u r t a a a a a a r a a e a a a a m v u n n o o a a a a a . v M A M C M M A c v M M M M c M S M L U S M M B M v × 100 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 3 3 0 6 6 3 6 3 6 1 7 7 a 0 0 8 6 6 0 6 0 6 7 9 9 e 0 0 9 9 9 0 9 0 9 9 9 9 Y 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 n n o o s s e e e e p p y y y y ) n n o o o o s l l l l m m a a ( l f f f l o o f r B B B B f f f f p p e h h e e e t t t t e a a v r r r r T T N N N r N e e e e K K l l e . . . . b b b b s u u J J J e e J . . . o o o o . b a a o o R R H J H H R R H P O J P d k R o ″ o s y r ″ 0 t ″ . d e r b 3 7 1 e v ″ . R e i g 5 1 v e 7 2 . . i r g s n . 5 n r 5 2 8 i g . ′ ′ y y u D o l 1 r a D 8 ′ 8 9 l t a a o . s p 1 2 2 9 r a s ′ H y e w w H S ° ° & 2 a e r 9 H n k k 4 4 ° r t l s n u i a 2 r r l . i 8 8 4 a s a ° . r d a a a d Q e H m 8 H 4 g b e m . n a W W P P i R R N H 8 i n r - - l a E o W E , l i i i i i W . i ″ ″ e e l - s s l f f t t i d f h W ″ l 0 2 g g l d o n m i o s a a M - o i l 6 2 8 & u u t t e ″ . . W k r u 6 7 o o 7 S S 4 d O 9 1 . W r e h f W i W f B r f 6 4 5 1 R R t t f n o p . ′ ′ ′ n n t t o . a o r r K o r a 2 3 3 4 e e e o e e e ′ n o o l l i o r e G S 4 4 4 i e e S e f f 3 t d 4 c d d f f g ° ° ° i l i a i 0 d w 4 e m s d d i m m 2 2 2 t a c l 5 0 0 ° i i s m m o o d 4 4 4 e e o e W 7 0 0 2 S M M B 1 B 1 T W 1 3 L C C A N S N 3 4 N y y y y t t t t i i i i s s s s r r r r e e e e v v v v i i i i n n n n k k U r U U U r s l a a e e e e l t t t t i P P a a a a s a t t t t H l n n e l S S S S o r i o d t t l A n n n h n H n e n d d t a a a a r e e fi y n n u t e m e e m m m g y g g g o l i e B B i t i i i a a o a a a a r n n n m l l o n n n h h h h s s e y h y y h h o h r m y k k c u s c c s c t v w a g a a g g o g i i i y i a a a e o a a l e l o n n n n W M I W W I C C I M M C W O B T P D I O B M . S 8 3 8 8 3 5 4 3 2 8 . 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 5 2 6 C 8 7 8 8 3 5 0 1 6 6 H 1 1 2 3 1 4 2 3 1 4 0 9 6 2 0 3 7 8 3 8 G 2 1 2 2 3 4 1 3 1 8 1 s 6 3 2 7 0 1 6 8 5 1 t 4 4 6 6 5 0 4 7 3 5 P 1 1 1 e l p p a i b n a u r Z C b . d a r e e g e r l a l a u n s e p i i C v i e e a p l n l l l p r i s a a l p d o p t i i i e p p a f n e * e i p a n r r n i e t p p l b e e w t a a s d o a a b l u h a a p a l s i l s h m o b i i a c n n p r l b s b b C p a - e o a u s i a ′ r e e o o p c a a n C F p m r b A r g n . a r r N e e s r r a B e C e l l e m o u u n 2 e o o C p i b n u n o C C n a p p o s d c c fl a f h i p s r r d a i o o p p e e n E e e e a r N s s s s s s s l s s u i i s a a o n l c m L h m r r C u u u u u u u u u b t n u b b e g a i i o l l l l l l l l l i l B l m m d e u a a b t p a a a a a a a a a a a a a r e a o r r o a r r o a A e a c ′ M M M L T C M S C C M J M O M L T P M P M C M R 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 101 ) 5 3 9 2 3 5 3 2 3 1 d 9 0 8 9 0 9 0 0 0 8 e 9 0 9 9 0 9 0 0 0 9 u 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 n i t n o e l e C n n l ( r n o o r n e h s s o e e h a y s p p y y z E E o p s t o l o n . . t l l m m u o m & B e B o o t B B B S o s e s h h s l t t t d h d a n a r r r T T p o o h T e e e e a l l t o s o B l t r r b b b u u u w S w a a u o o o l l a a t a . E R P J S M P R R M E P s t n d e ″ e n e e ″ ″ 9 r d g a t k 3 1 7 r n s . i a 9 0 a g s 5 . . ′ f d n e n L l 3 4 5 4 G o i d o ′ ′ ′ i c t i 1 l i g e d n 8 9 9 u t d S e 1 l a v a n . d a 2 2 2 i n n B e e i i r t h ° ° ° . i 0 t e u s e l v S e B 4 4 4 n 1 i 4 r W B S ° r v l 8 8 8 , o t y 6 t a , t e 6 a t y W e b a A , D e S e s t c n 8 r r W W W n u i n s – v - - - n r e u d e m B u o d g e r ″ ″ ″ o e e e t o W r s t k d o u f o l r o 4 5 - 5 h b P a l n n n z ′ C u o l u h s 8 8 4 A a t e a o o G 1 . . . f F s c i u r o f b s i S d 7 6 0 3 o e C t f e m ’ t k o B r r 8 5 5 5 s k u a r M n r ′ ′ ′ . z n a e l a l e E r a r e g a o 3 3 7 3 e e a v o i u B r O E L n g e G i 4 4 2 4 c m H h K o ° ° ° ° T d l e m 9 0 0 R w l a r 2 2 2 2 l l t a k d 0 5 0 9 m g l a 5 e W 4 4 4 a 4 n l e e i a 2 3 6 8 . L E B 1 4 5 G B K N B 2 O N N N K N O 0 y y y t t t i i i s s s r r r e e e v v v i i i n e n n n v k U U U a s e s l e e e l e l H t t t l i r i i a a a h t t t c C H H t S S S n e o o u d d e l l e l o o t o n n n r e e t e e d e z z k S a a a o e d e e a fi n n a a a n n fi m t m m t g g g n f a a i w i i B a s a s L M a a a m a m m m o l i i g g a l h g h h f l h o h h a a f o n n k e e l c e c c k l l n o l l g o g g o a i l i o i a a W l l a a a u l e l l n n n M O N A E I M A B L A I O M M B I M K K G W 8 6 8 6 5 6 9 6 3 3 3 2 4 1 2 4 7 4 6 9 8 2 0 0 4 6 5 4 5 2 5 5 2 2 4 7 1 0 4 8 1 9 2 0 1 1 2 2 8 7 3 3 7 2 6 3 2 5 1 1 1 2 9 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 7 6 4 8 7 8 3 3 4 8 4 8 8 5 7 4 3 3 8 9 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 s s e e d d i i a y o o l e r b b e l u r l o o p i e d r p r n t t r p b p n n l s s e a e a o o u A k b t t b p c a p p s a a . M s e r r i r e y y y r a a d e y y y d d l l d e i r r C a l a d i C r r r t l o d t r o o g g i i v p r r r e b s o i o a e n n o o o e e e p h f a a i r r e h b a a i i i u n w b w w b b b e o l a c v a a a A l l l o o b b n d l b o W s d d A k u u b b l l b i B u u u r u u e y l l l u e e × n c a a r t q g × a s q q a a a r e o R M s R R e M M M o r n e e s s p d s s s s s s s i o a s s fl e i m n n n e e e u u t . t u u u u u u a p a a t t t e b . i l l l r r r r r t t t i i i p e w w w r m h a e a a o o e e o o o h h h h M e y a a a a o M c l × M S M = D M D M B D M C M g M M W W W M M W M W 102 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 2 6 6 0 6 0 9 4 4 1 a 6 0 0 6 7 6 6 6 6 0 e 9 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 Y 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 n n n n n n o a o s o o o r r s s s s m e p d e r d p p p p ) y n y e s n m a ( m m m m w k a w o f r s o o o o c a f i a e h w a h h h h e S w S v w e T e r T T T T N N e r r h l h e l l l l . d d a s a L d u u u u u J n n . o b o . o a a a a a P A P P P A L P H N R O N s d s r o a r 4 h c 9 . c e - A r e I k d o v ° a f . t R 4 f A o L r 8 o s n t u 4 i s r d . o W w d e o t s w n 6 . t C o e g a t R L 8 S d d n g e o y e t v L f e R o d e l e l W c o h B a i d 9 k B B × n r g r o r a e 4 i ° a r o r e M e a d 8 r k t 8 e a k n n B o a g 7 D 9 r n a o d o W i 3 0 M n o , L 7 L t . n i t W c i w r l a 5 7 2 1 e h h r k a h c 1 3 8 2 e 4 s s a e e u r i o W i 4 4 8 7 t S F 3 7 F B 4 O N 2 N L B s r o b d a r n e A e r a t x k l s e h i A p r d n s s d u p d u o I b u a e s l r n l d n e a n l l v n l a a y r o a n P s e n a m e n e e e t a l l i e G a l o l e H n w e c o e l n n s n r h r v w h l f r r J a d c y k f s k u e a r r i e g a g w a o a a l a n . a i o a i a l e o h e a l e h i t o O L O M W C F S L H S B C N C M H T A S C B . S 0 6 2 6 5 3 0 3 0 1 . 1 1 5 5 6 8 6 8 5 C 8 4 0 0 0 5 8 9 7 8 H 1 1 2 7 8 5 5 4 7 7 0 7 3 3 4 5 3 7 0 4 G 1 1 0 0 1 0 4 4 8 1 1 1 2 2 1 s 0 4 6 7 8 6 1 2 7 5 t 3 2 3 8 9 8 8 1 3 7 P 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 * s u s s t u u a t t n a a o n n d r e o o c r r u c c u n n n i u u a a t r r y m n n a l y y e e n m m a a e l l l t t a a s c l l c c o y i i i s s s s o y a i i m m m u r t o o t t n n r a a C u u r a a r a a i i h a H a a r e r h h H H E E t e e e b g g v e . t t N v v / / b r r l b b b l l n n m u b i i 2 n n n n d d l i u y l i n i n n a r y y a a a v v r o o a u s r r s s u a o a E t p p p s N o o o t t o o s a o a o l a a a o l n l o o L m u M n n M u y h y h w w e n s s s e e r r u r r u i u B s s s p p n n m m m m p d t t d t p p o o o o o e e e y y y s o s o o o e o e a u A u u r r M N R N M R L T C M N M N T T N M N O T I H O H I 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 103 ) 3 6 4 2 2 2 7 5 0 4 1 d 0 8 0 0 0 0 9 0 6 0 0 e 0 9 0 0 0 0 9 0 9 0 0 u 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 n i t n e & l o r d e e e l l l e e n C h n & l l r ( r r n o a r r E l s l h h h o y e t h h . r d s n a a y E E E h e E E o e B p h r o c . . . g . . o r l i o p N n d m e B B B J B B n B e S l o o W n i p e n t d d d o h d d K e s e e r a o o S i o o o T n w h e g h o o n o h l o o l y n p b c u T n E u w w a w i h w w e o e o l l . l l l a t o J R E D E E R W & P E E M D S . n ′ o 0 i 3 d p a l . 1 f s R ″ . s u m 5 i o 4 d 3 s e a 9 l 6 o 2 N f n ′ e ′ ′ i . 1 h ′ l i ° o d 9 c 0 9 d 5 n 0 a n s 9 ′ i m o 8 1 0 R w l o e 0 t h s n 8 9 i 1 3 6 a 1 9 t P e . . . n 2 t n 7 t d a n , f N ° 2 2 d f W I 9 o . 1 f a d e i e - o r R 4 4 3 d o 5 . 3 l ′ l i 2 s o n n i ° ° k ° a 8 t e 5 9 d s R o n a u e e 5 4 s a i 5 a m S 9 r G r a o m t R r o v 8 8 8 u W i L 3 i 8 , T N e r l a M - o t . t F t o A r 3 d ″ r o a e c r F t 2 W W W r n d h a l d 6 f e s - - 2 - e e e i R p n l 1 e ′ ′ ′ a E y u s t f ° 5 n n w i m l u t B p i 4 8 4 r . i O i m . o m 6 r o v g n e o 6 8 0 e 2 f u H M r h t d 4 a r o u d d u r L 0 0 5 h 5 o c f o f n ′ . . . e a o n o d R N W i F N T S o 7 5 3 7 e d e F a o d . i l r s r C D f r r 0 3 4 3 . 1 7 0 t 1 a n e d d d e o ° ° ° ° T r i m 0 8 3 5 l d 9 1 n v n d 1 4 l 2 5 a w i R i 2 9 9 7 a 1 h i 3 g i e 3 e 4 4 4 r 4 i d o W e e . 8 4 1 2 0 f 1 S M 0 E 1 9 S 1 2 2 N N N M N d P 2 D o B N b y t a i e s r r a e A l v s u i r s s e n t e n i U s n n e i n r e l s e e e e t r o C s d P y e a r p l t e c p i e v e o n n S o n k s a n v o o w o r W a e s r a a i a o o T n r r n g s a z g z T c a L a o d s o i y i n T y a a n a i C m g n d g o a a b n i o o m f a d w m a M t m e s M n n b a b l h i m o s m n h i a a a n f g e v k l a e c v l l k s t r r a d l l g i o c o r t o r l h a a i a E o h a a p y n a I C G G M N S O O S J P G N C S C K K O M H 6 6 8 0 1 7 6 0 8 7 7 1 4 7 6 2 4 7 1 0 0 2 3 5 7 0 8 7 5 7 9 9 7 1 9 9 1 8 2 5 2 0 5 4 2 8 5 0 8 2 1 3 7 7 0 3 5 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 7 5 3 1 7 9 2 3 7 7 9 4 8 6 2 3 6 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 e s e n s e n r e * u r u a m n r n m a e e a e a e e t i e e e e n e r c s n c c c c r m n o e e T a u i e o u u u u a a r T a c c a r r c r r r r g c c s E e d k u u c s s s s k p / d r u p p p p e r u u b r r i n r e e e e u i r d n S S S S S i i i i o a a p p e n v a o p e b l l o l b b b b r y y y y y S S d C S d a g g o C a a a a a g o a a a a a o o r e e y l e w r l h a a a t t a a a a a l w t w w w w l r u i i u e e e i e n p e e e e r e t r r r r e c c h c h c c c c c h o o s o m o o o o h m i i i i h i i i i r P P P A A I H O N P P N N P N N P P W P P W W 104 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 3 5 4 3 3 3 2 3 0 0 3 a 0 0 6 0 9 0 0 0 7 8 0 e 0 0 9 0 9 0 0 0 9 9 0 Y 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 s l l e a e l e l l r F e a r h l e e e n e & d h & e i a y y y y E g E e t y v ) o o o o n n . s . k s e o l l l l i e i l ( y B B f r B B D B B u p r m f B e d t t t t S o d e C t d C v r r r r o l c o r o r e N l e e e e e o a e o c R . A M b b b r s b B b u J w w e V o o . o . b o N o l r . l R E C R B R D R H G O R D R E . ″ N g 7 ″ 5 d 1 ″ l 7 9 ″ 3 e . 7 r B ″ 2 6 1 s . 1 0 e d 2 . 0 u ′ s 1 2 h v . n ′ 5 3 i o , 9 c 5 . ′ u 7 o ′ , 8 . r d 4 R 7 9 1 H y B e ′ 2 8 d ′ a 7 l , 2 d l e ° R a . . s 9 2 9 e c ° 8 e n y 4 ° b b 3 s 2 i 2 r e 4 2 m r a i 4 ° 8 a e , ° 2 g F 8 a e . ° e 8 4 n 4 i t C t a R . s l s a 5 8 W l 8 t m e l c l ’ W t l - i c u i 8 W y e e u s s ″ a s r a - × o t m s W W g c e m e r ″ e ″ 9 - - W e E t W s h S , o n a H ″ 4 7 ″ 6 u - l n f e f H ′ u C s d 4 e 3 4 5 0 3 ⁄ o e W o o 1 d . . . o 9 e m f l . n 3 8 r i h l A l 2 M i 2 9 . . 5 r r 4 y C o s i h u c E 3 f e e 5 5 0 4 4 P 1 a e w t c ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ . e n n y t l r o H S S n 0 o R s n 3 3 4 4 3 e e 4 o w r n - u , i 1 r i & e e e - a e 4 4 4 4 4 4 I 1 o P C ⁄ t l c r 1 e . k ° ° ° ° ° ° T N i d c a e m f w t f f p i v p r 2 2 2 2 4 2 B 2 t c k c i s o g o o a 4 E o g 4 4 4 4 4 4 i e 4 o a e r W . N 0 B N E M W B T E L L H A N S d N N N N N N S . p y y y y t t t t y w i i i i t i s s s s T s r r r r r e e e e e e r v v v v e i i i i v t o i t n n n n n e m l U U U U u U i q e e e e s r B e t t t t l t l a , a a a a i a a l t t t t r t l e M S S S S H e r e S n r f v e a r A e i w n n n n t n o e d g t r v c a a a a r d t R a a i r e y a l S m m a m m s g y g g g o n g l m l o i t i i i u o n R e i a a a a i l a F f e a n i l q n h h h b a h h h h h h h x h r i f n b n m c u c c d e c k c c w g g e g g i i i a i g i d o o a o a o a h o 6 o n n s n n r r n n I M C I I S M M O R I M W C 1 I M T I C I M I I . S 5 9 9 0 5 8 0 8 7 8 . 1 3 4 1 1 3 2 3 4 C 9 7 3 8 0 6 1 4 8 0 H 3 6 5 7 4 3 6 6 7 9 8 7 6 7 6 4 2 2 3 7 G 2 5 9 4 9 3 4 7 9 9 s 0 9 0 9 6 5 0 5 9 9 t 2 6 3 0 7 8 8 4 6 7 P 1 1 1 1 1 1 s n e g e n e e d c c c u e u u u p u r r r . n p p p i e a P e t S S S a a n n e e n n e i s a a × e c n i n a c e e a a s s o i n P a e t a k n u m u u u u r P n n s i i a i l l l e C c r a a r a e s s e e c b r e i k t e g p u B B B p k k g g . n s N o r u n r n n e i S m m S e e n n n n 2 o a o o o a a p o r n t e a u n l m a a n n u u d d d i n c i i n c a b S o S g o m p E b b p p N a a a e a P a P P s s l s t r r r L s m k i s s a a a a t a a n r s u c o o u o u k b k k u s u i e e e e e e B i m l l l a i t r c a c c c n c c n c n n c c n o l o o o r a i i i i i i i i w p e i i i A a a a L T C P P P J S P P B S S P C P C P P C B P J P J 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 105 ) 3 3 5 6 3 3 3 6 3 5 3 3 d 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 e 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 u 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 n i t n o e l i e e C l l ( r k r r s h e e e e e h h e e e & y y y y y E w E E y y y n o o o o e o . y . . l o o l l l l o l a l l l d l e B B B B B B B B d p B B B T t t t t d t d d o a t t t r r r r r o o r r o r k B e e e e e K e e e o o o n f b b b b b b b b a e w f w w o o o o o o o o l l l r o e R R E J R R R E R R J E R F ° 5 d n 3 n o ″ ″ i t a n ″ ″ 1 ″ 2 ″ n a o ″ 9 4 3 0 0 8 i . . m 7 1 3 U 1 t ′ d 2 . . 9 . 7 . d 0 u a t e 6 5 3 . 4 3 4 1 t e ′ ′ r ′ ′ R n 3 1 2 t s 5 ′ 9 9 n 8 8 ′ e ′ 6 s e u . s 2 2 9 i a 2 2 9 d - 8 e l g ° ° l ° ° 2 d 2 n 2 n ″ s l 2 u m a i S 4 4 ° 4 4 ° 1 n o t t 9 ° a u i ° 8 8 4 r 8 4 8 u . n 1 4 S . m o n 5 H n . 8 o l y 8 o e l i 8 l d 8 r l l e 7 r W W W W e P H s U a - - - - a g ″ 4 a W W h A O ′ W ″ ″ ″ ″ s f w - - t – m W r 2 l - H H f t 3 e ″ 9 3 ″ 1 7 - f o a a ″ 5 ′ l b e o i b l t 4 . 3 3 8 5 3 2 o i e l l m 8 i 7 . . . . r l ° b u l i 1 w 1 4 r r r l e i o 8 p 6 7 3 . 9 2 . r 2 f . 5 o e u e e s r r ′ 2 5 5 3 5 5 5 n C 4 t o f 1 ′ ′ ′ . ′ ′ ′ n n W o o d l r C 8 r i 5 0 4 4 3 3 3 3 r N n s e o f ′ 2 u f s H o 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 o M s . ° o c c d o 3 o c b ° ° ° ° ° ° ° i c i o e c g 4 f 4 r t s 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 r r a ° 8 o d a u 4 E c 4 4 4 4 4 4 g W W e l t W W 2 C S N S S N N A N W N B N N N N A 4 N N W B y y y y y y t t t t t t y y y i i i i i i t t t i i i s s s s s s s s s r r r r r r r r r e e e e e e e e e v v v v v v i i i i i i v v v i i i n n n n n n n n n U U U U U U U U U m e e e e e e e e e e t t t t t t u t t t s t a a a a a a r y a a a t t t t t t e t e t t t i r S S S S S S v S S S o o o C a o o n n n n n n b n n n r z n z e r a a a a a a a a a T s a a u m m m m m m g g g g g g A g g g r m m m i i i i i i o i i i a a a a a a d m m e a a a h h a h h h h h h h h n h h h h h h a a v h h l h l c c c c c c l l c c c i a g g g g g g i a i i i i i g g i i i g a r a a e r n n n n n n n n n I M I C I I M M M M L I M G T I M I I M I M K K 7 6 2 9 6 8 9 9 0 5 2 0 1 2 2 2 4 2 3 5 4 2 4 6 3 1 6 7 1 8 3 5 9 1 0 8 2 4 6 4 2 1 7 6 4 3 6 3 6 0 6 0 9 9 9 8 8 5 9 6 3 4 3 2 2 1 1 3 6 2 7 0 1 1 1 1 3 8 4 4 6 7 7 3 4 2 0 9 6 8 1 7 5 4 0 1 2 6 5 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 a i l o f e i t n i a l P . r a a e l e e r a l n n n e i v e e i i a a f r i a a P r r n P P a l r r b i i o o t e d u o o e e d d s r P y fl fl s m n e c i e i i fl fl n n e e e o i e e i o l a i i i i e l a s s t i e n a a R U r g n n l r i R R s s P i r r r i f i P P n n x n n o g u x n n f e e i e e g g P b e e e i P P o n e s s e e e i i n n s P s P d d c fl j m n r a e e - r d d fl n n a a e e m y i e i i e e s s s s s s s n n e o n n r u s s s s s r r b t g r b a a t t u u u u u u g u a a . u u u u u f s d s s p p r p p f n n n n m n n u n n n n m n n u i o i i i i i i u i u i i i i i i a a e a a a P P J P J J P L J P v L P P L P J P M P P A P A A 106 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 9 3 3 3 2 2 1 6 3 4 a 8 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 e 9 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 Y 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 i k k s n n r o o o o r o e e e e r s s e d y y y y m s t b p p ) y t o o o o n l t o s t l l l g l a ( e o m m w e g P r B B B s B i o o s a H e s r s w t t t d t h h S v a r a e r r r r B r T T B a r e e e e h B B e l l h n d b b b b s a u u c & h u u o o o n o b o i t a a t o R R S P R J R P A R O S R N ″ ″ r ″ ″ 8 3 e l 4 1 1 6 . v o . 9 0 i . 8 . . o 1 n n R 5 5 7 1 h t o ′ ′ ′ ′ e i s c f 9 9 8 9 t e e o S a l 2 2 2 2 t w i e m ° ° ° ° c t h s W a S i u 4 4 4 4 e r c u s e s l 8 8 8 8 n T t s B o e u a a r t t r c u r k W W W W – H . i s s o e - - - - M b a t t g e e ″ ″ ″ ″ p v s M a c t t f i L f o S e 7 0 7 1 z S E a l n n o l o d R 0 2 6 7 a r h l o o o r n . . . . l t r i n w r e a o T p 8 2 5 4 C C 0 e P a o e r r B v o 5 5 5 4 4 n a ′ ′ ′ ′ a e e n n o u C y i y L r g 3 3 3 3 e e r o r r C n f r r e i N o g m f 4 4 4 4 o t a a a o c g o e ° ° ° ° r T T c o a r 3 r l l v d e 2 2 2 2 l t c l 4 i b g g b t t e E 4 4 4 E 4 i i i r i o i W W y 4 n L B K B S S 9 B S N L L N N L N N N I y y y y t t t t i i i i k s s s s r r r r r a e e e e P v v v v i i i i e 2 n n n n t 1 a U U U U t 4 S e e e e t t t t d . t a a a a R a t t t t e t M o S S S S y r o o e t n o e o e o e A n n n n n o h z z n e z k c u e a a a a g i r a m i a w e a a s m m m m a o g y g g g s p o a b i t i i i m L r a a a a w n m u m m C n e n n h h h h e a a e i l t o c h h a h a h u t l g f l t c u l c l c c r r c n g w g g g g c i i i i a a o o a u n o a e u o u a e o n n n n I M T K C L S I G K I M B K P L S T O M G W I M . S 3 4 4 0 5 7 0 4 1 . 1 2 2 4 3 4 5 5 5 C 7 0 5 1 8 6 1 2 2 H 1 7 2 5 6 9 4 2 3 1 1 0 3 8 7 7 4 0 1 1 1 4 G 2 9 6 5 2 6 6 0 0 4 3 1 1 1 1 s 3 7 8 6 6 8 5 7 9 t 4 7 5 2 3 0 5 7 6 P 1 1 1 2 2 2 a c u a l e g n . d i e r e P a n u i v a n e P i s a a a * t n s s a e o e i r e n t a e s r o o a n i o n P s o a a r r o i e s i e e m h fl r s s o e e d o a C e i P n n n P a e r o o i i e d d c n n v d a a a W e d n n i . a i e N i a r r r n n P P o u i i m s s n d 2 s e g e n n g g s s e a o o e e n i a P e i o s i i o n n n o e e o n n n p p p p r r o r e r E n n p r r i a a P i i o c N d i i e e s s s s s s n L m P p s s s s s e fi P P r r d n d h i t t a u u u u u u c . u u u u u i B m c s s n c n d t d d p r n n n a n n n t n n n n n o e u a i i u o i a i o e e i i i i i i i i A a a A P L T C P P P P A P P M P P J v P P R P R P R P P 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 107 ) 3 1 3 8 3 8 4 3 3 4 6 d 0 0 0 9 0 9 0 0 0 6 6 e 0 0 0 9 0 9 0 0 0 9 9 u 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 n i t n d o n e C l a ( l r & e e e e e h & d e y y y y y o k E y e n o o o o o a o . o l l l l l l o u l s B f f g B B B B B W w l f f e B i a a t t t t t d e e s k t e r i r r r r r P r o c N N p e e e e e n N e o o n . . S b b b b b b n J J o R h w o . o o e o . . o o l o . R J R R R M R D J R E H H R s n . i ″ ″ o l s ″ i i t f ″ 1 1 9 t d x l r o ″ 4 5 8 4 l a n e . . . u t 4 9 a a a . 0 2 . fl 2 o n 8 r l g 5 . 1 0 4 c . H t o l ′ ′ ′ ″ l n 0 5 s r P l a s ′ ′ i i 8 9 i g 8 3 f l i i a d 2 9 8 2 n 2 n 3 H d l n i ′ i ° ° n r r ° 2 2 i e i n d 3 r n e 4 ° 4 ° l . 4 T u l l o r m l 1 e 1 o i 8 4 8 4 8 n i l e t ° u r B 3 d . u 8 8 t a n d e b w 4 l M r s d W W W A B S a v l a 8 - - - U u H e a R W W f i l f e ″ ″ ″ r c - - L c U e s f t i o s i o e i ″ ″ 9 1 2 R W n s n r o e i F N - . i k r 7 7 7 5 9 e g n . . . ″ p @ r i N p . e r M t y 4 5 i s 0 . 9 . 1 r r c 1 ’ e a A h . k n s S P t e y 5 1 3 5 0 5 a c S s r r n g h ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ t r t n l S d m t r a l a i o i 3 3 4 3 4 3 n e C e n C a r i t s o a o p 4 4 4 4 4 4 e P a C e r G e e d c c d e d ° ° ° ° ° r ° l v l l u w y f i t e a i 2 1 2 2 2 2 k m t A t m t t t A r o v o W i 4 4 4 4 4 a 4 a e i u e s W n o R L E B E L S N C S B N C N N N N I O f N N y y y y t t t t y k r i i i i t r i o s s s s a s r r r r b r r e e e e P e v v v v a i i i i v e i t H n n n n n a p t r k i U U U U U r e S h e e e e a p . s e t t t t t t p P n a a a a a t t t t o t M e w S S S S l n C S o o o s e o w e f o o I n n n n T t n e n a g i z e z t o i a a a a e a e c n a n e a a e n m m m p m g g g g g e S u e m n i n i i e u w i n i a a a a i w u m m i e a q e i o q a h h h h o r h a c r h h h a a h s r t h r t c c c l l w c r r r c n n m e g g g g i i a i o i g i n p a e e e a e r o e i n n n n n M P O I 2 P I I M B K I K M M B K M L M L T I M 3 6 7 6 3 4 1 6 8 1 5 7 5 9 9 8 5 3 3 3 2 6 4 1 0 7 1 0 0 8 4 4 4 4 2 5 5 5 2 5 2 3 8 2 0 6 6 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 9 4 3 6 3 6 2 2 3 2 2 0 0 2 4 5 3 2 9 1 4 6 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 3 9 4 1 0 5 1 5 3 2 5 1 6 7 5 0 0 9 3 2 2 2 3 5 3 1 1 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 s i l s s i i e a s l l e e i t n a a a n n i e t t n i i a n m e n n s e n P * a n P P r i i a s e e e n i d i t a r i e o s i d d P n r e e i t t h f e a i i i s s t t t c i P u i s c i i n s c c n o n u u e c i P i h e e b b i i h h e l c c n g b b o n l g v n o o c e P v i o o e a l i o o u W e e r t r r l a W W s r n r r i i y r r t t y P s s P a t t y u o n s s s u w v i a n n o o M h u u s s s l r r r h n h n t s s s s s s n n m m m s s e s a i e e c c a W t a a t t t n u u u u u u t a t a a u u u g t t s s s m o a c o c c r n n n n n n a n n n a a i i a i a i i a i i i i l i W i i c l y l c y y P S E P P P E E P S P S P G P P H V P P S S P S 108 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 5 3 7 2 5 5 6 4 a 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 e 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 Y 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 e e e l l l e e l r r r n p r e h h h h o e h y c s m & y E E E r E o p ) a t l o . . . a . s n t l y l L ( m & i r a B e B B B B r l B e o s e n p s M d t d d t b h d m i v a a s r r o o o o a r T i d w i e e o o o i B o e K l r l L l b s b I v u i w w w e w . u o a b o l l . l l t a o S E R J E R E D W E O R W P ′ ″ 9 3 9 e f 5 3 l . n l ″ o 9 E i . 7 a 9 i l h 4 S 1 1 l H ′ ′ ° . 5 p i n m ′ a 0 5 5 0 e y o e 4 3 ⁄ 2 s m 3 8 1 i t . H 1 o ′ t 1 1 o l a y 1 . ° . . a 3 9 d y c a J W P . t y 4 8 4 2 e - r R fi 1 ′ a S l w 8 ° 5 2 i d e . l . t e 5 ° ° l k 4 d w s n r e a r ! 5 7 a d k 5 W 8 i n t e a h n a n - c r 0 8 a 8 e a e i R . g o a ″ C P o i n W e Y k g 7 V t o 6 L - f t W W i d a e y f o 1 g ″ 4 - - H f r n l r r ′ ′ g ° g o 3 r a 2 7 o i D u e s o a l 9 2 . 5 u e i 7 r h v n 8 5 3 . 4 o n H T E e m e c @ B o r 3 8 a 1 2 i i R g ′ ′ N . . e n n s t a s 1 S N D V g a 4 4 4 0 e . r o d e S k M 4 r i B g r l 4 4 2 3 1 o 1 6 9 3 t w n a o ° ° ° ° T k r d c 3 a – 0 2 8 8 4 e l u - y 1 2 2 6 l o a d c s r 0 5 5 3 3 g i t e E S e 4 4 4 S 4 i o o 2 0 3 5 f 4 4 1 K B N 5 5 U N B 4 L N o N N 3 U N 3 M 3 t c i r t s i D y t i n s o r i t e a v i v r n e U s n x e i t o o a a C t v e e e S x e r e o l i e n e t a r a o e A n o t n e h o n c i a i z k b t i i i e a v r e w c y t a a h t u e m p e g y e u o m e e e i e m m n l w i t o L a l U n p C m q o n n o e r o o n m a n n h l y h a p r r f r n c m f y y y a m n a l c u l i t n i w a g a o i e o a y a a e o a a h u e e o h h l r o n L M K M W C I M W M P C S N M C C B W T G M D W . S 3 1 0 2 8 7 0 6 0 . 9 6 6 9 6 8 7 4 9 C 3 2 7 6 5 5 8 5 7 H 2 7 0 9 7 8 6 7 3 1 1 1 9 2 1 3 1 8 5 6 8 1 0 G 5 0 7 4 2 8 2 5 0 7 0 2 1 1 3 1 1 2 2 3 1 3 s 5 9 3 2 0 2 2 8 0 t 0 8 7 3 8 3 4 5 6 P 4 1 4 2 2 3 3 2 4 * s d i a l a d e r d d i a a a l o u e r o o i t s f e o l o e n i o o e s s e n i f f e o t i i e w e e e r f d w w * m r r t n i i d r d e n d t r n n m r i i e a e i o o a o e a r a o o e a s m c t o l o r r t c n l t t l l a a n s t t C t c a a t t a b c p a a l l l a p l e a e l b b a l l a o l o o × o a e o e l l l . N o p a b d p p × e m P a a b d d C 2 P C C s s P o P r o o n a s s s s s s s s s u u o P n n o n n P P n E u u u u N u u u u m u m r l l l n n r r o l l o l l l e n m L m e e a e a e e t a a d u u u n t t a u u d u u u t t t i s a t t s i i i t B m l s n p l p p s s p p n p p p t c a a h a h h o a a a l l o o a o o a a y l o o o o o o A L T C P P S L P P P P W L W W P B P P P B E E P E 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 109 ) 9 4 1 7 8 3 5 0 4 1 4 0 d 8 8 0 6 8 8 6 8 6 9 8 6 e 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 u 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 n i t n o e l C n n n ( r n o o o l h s o s s r r s a p p p E e e n e p c c . o m m m N n n s m B o o o f f e e l n o f f h h h e p p e d h e e T T a T S o S T H N N l h o l l l n n . . c n u u u u J J i w h h . o . l a a a a o o J P H M D J H P E P P 3 e 8 c 1 n - a m t r l s M t o i S t r n a f e f e n e r e e o i i t n r i T i t a k r e s d t m r . S e P d k o a n e 2 n i ⁄ v 1 e 4 a s y p i k P d u e . a a p t o n R 1 r E d d e n L a S O 4 r . n k C o R M . e i . e h e a 1 o t . t - t r d . a c c d y d s e t 4 L c r e r 2 v d n a d n a e g S e l R - l f o h m e r a D n o y E a S S s o U B T d u a r g y a i S h i t m k l i o U r r f f d f F s e F t h S S u U L e a o w o r W f e o R c f f 1 f f r n s o i o d o h o e M m n N o e . s o o r y f c h n t R a d o l i e f d M o r s e o i i S N r e e i u h t n o c a R s o e s e d i i m i d e r d t o g c i i i i T k s v a k 7 n s n s s B n 3 m m n i e a u e a W W W / 2 u O S 2 6 B 1 B E S J 2 S E E L L B R S A W t k s r e a r b o P u l F e t l C k a r a y t n a n a i S e o P a i B . i t t r t t e r n l a a s e l o l y M u i e t l n N b e e M a r i f v o y e e e t t t o r e e a t a t . e a t t t u t B k i H t n S r g a d u t t e M k i e e h w a d e a t c s a a e t e C n y e a l p H e u u n e n l S u t L n n u n a u n m a i o t p a r u L d q q a i l q a t o a d q o l q o z i e l e o r w l l e c p r r t t r r r t r f k t o i l k n e t y p r e v h a u a a a a m a o u a n e a n i o h e e e a e a o c i u a C S M M D B O L L A M H H L M G F B S R M O S S O P 0 7 0 7 0 3 2 7 3 8 1 5 9 4 3 2 6 7 6 3 4 6 6 2 3 5 3 1 0 2 0 8 5 3 4 7 8 5 9 7 8 1 3 1 8 3 8 5 6 9 3 0 1 1 1 1 6 6 4 5 0 8 6 8 8 5 5 6 2 8 9 9 0 1 1 1 5 1 9 6 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 2 4 4 8 2 9 3 8 9 8 0 6 6 8 1 5 3 2 5 5 8 7 6 8 4 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 a * a c a a a i * a l c c c t i i i a l l l a a a t s t t i a a a t e t t t s a a . i i i n t t e a a d r e i . . . n n c d r n a r r r r r r a a i o d e e a a a a a a l i v c a a a n i o l d d l l l c n l a v v v n m i i a u d n n n p i n m i a p p p e e u c d d u e e e n r e a a a o r i u n o o o l m p p r r r n n l e r p p p a e g m s P e s P P P a a P m s s s i g g g e r P e r r i i r i m r A m A y r n g t A A A y y y n g n n g n t m r n a a d d d d g s s s a a h a h h g r a s s s s s s r r r t t s s t t t c n u u u n c a s s u u u u u u a a i a i o l o l l o o o u u i i l l l l l l b r u u c b b b k c r o k u o u o u n n u u u u u u i i t e t t n n e a a r p p m p r p p p p m m p m p u u g g g u u u u i m p o i o i o r o m r p o o o o o o o r o o r P B B P P B L P P P P L L P Q A P P L A Q P P A P A 110 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 9 3 1 6 6 9 7 2 3 6 5 a 6 0 7 6 9 8 6 7 6 9 6 e 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Y 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 e l g n n r n n o o i r h s s o e s a & p p y E m p ) k o . s n l m m m m k ( m a B a o o u f f f r a B l o f f f h e h h p C t d h B e e e g v a r T T i o r T N N N T r n e o l l e K l . . . a b s B u u l u J J J w e & l o . . . b l . a a a o A R H E S H P H P J P O R r . a d B ″ d R 6 o R e 8 . L e v - l 2 i l a d i 2 e t ′ . H R v v y S e 9 i s a 6 e e r v f 2 e e l t , 3 ° i d i o B l n n A D - l i s 4 d o l s R r a s M e o 8 E J M e R n e k e p n d t s H l f v o n S a 7 W s d e p i o i t a d o R l - s i ; t L u o i d R ″ o R r H , j d s & u l s S m l o 3 l d , l n S d M o R S O , l d a . E 7 i e i i . o 6 d R W s R n f l f d s h 2 f t 3 l h H m e a o ′ o i s n R r 2 o n a R - c r r e m r 4 e e a o i o l l h l S e n l i – N 4 e W u t c G e W W m o C g C E h ° f i a q t 1 f e n w e f c t t t 2 u o t c l 1 2 1 2 o a S h s s s o m u 4 o e r i o o 0 2 9 8 u u 6 N F 6 S 2 D N 7 B W J 3 L j N S B D W y t i s r e v i n k r y U r t e i a e t d m C P l a o a t e e y n e l n o fi S H r o a o e p n o n t r l o f A i n a l u z B o e n z d u n o t a t a r a a d e A l s g a a s n s M u m g y o n h n e d m f n B n n i t e g P a N m o f a a i m r c a l a n a o o l n n n h h f a s l s i o h l h a o n t i h y l k l c k u s c l f t e o n e a w g i v a g a a m a x a e o a o r a E W i e u a o n n O L I M K I S L C C O W O R W L B C 3 K N T L N . S 0 3 6 0 5 4 5 2 9 4 . 3 6 5 4 4 5 7 2 4 4 C 0 4 4 5 5 8 1 6 8 8 H 3 5 4 9 4 3 5 4 6 8 3 3 7 7 6 6 4 8 9 9 9 G 2 2 5 4 1 7 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 s 1 3 1 8 3 6 0 9 6 8 t 1 6 9 4 3 5 7 6 0 2 P 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 a n e y l y y a r d y p r r r r c e a . i r r r e u a c r e e e n i h c n a * a h h i a n h a t C v c i s a v C C C n l a e r v n u s s i t r r l o y m m s e u y u u m n y y s e u u y m m r a s s C u u o e r r a e s i i n o o m r e u u r a a r r y S y i i n e r r . r v v e N S S w e m r e e r e m v r v e e 2 a a a c p r h h h S r n n n n a a a a c c p e e t s s s s o s t C o o o C C e E s s s s s s h N h o l o u u u u u t t t m L u u m u m u m u u c c b C e C e n n e n n n n i i n n n n n n i B e u r e m e m m m r t u u u u u u u u u u u n n o p o o o o a r p r r r r i i r r r w r r r A w w P A P S L T C P S A P P P S D C P C P P P C P P P 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 111 ) 3 6 2 5 7 6 9 3 3 9 4 8 d 0 9 9 0 9 6 5 8 0 8 0 e 9 0 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 0 9 0 u 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 n i t n o e e l l e e C n l l ( r r n n n r o r r r h h e s o o o e h h e & s s s h p y E E E E k p p p c o y . . r . . t n l m i a m m m d a B B o d B B B l o o o P P d d h n p d t h h h d d o o a n o a r T o o o T T T o B o e y l o o o K m r l m l l r f b w r u a u a u u f w l w e w i o m e l l a l h a a a e o E E E S J P D B P P R P E J E n ! e o e d t ′ i e r 2 s r l f o l t f o 8 e l o ″ i f o H 0 t L 5 . . r e ′ e h - n i 5 e e 6 n i e e 3 t . l 4 e & t r g n 3 o n 6 c 9 S r g i a H ′ ° d e T o e r r 7 e n l l p i e . 5 9 v f e , i l o g d i a g i f t 2 s 8 2 e c i n r d C i i m d ° i r , R N 1 n B s i l l a e B ° D R 4 D d a l W E t l o l a . . 5 h - . 8 w r i a p L ′ n e p r – N n o 8 e k e m e u I a C 1 r i n f r p u o , H t s t W v c u C d t 9 e l a B v a o i e - s t W S t M d O g m 8 a s e ″ R - P e e n s o s . m R M ′ o K h f S r n i l s n 7 r r n u t o i e d 9 e i 9 o e y r o e e u s l 0 o 7 o o d e t S t h d n 1 l t 0 . i i P i R h r o s k 3 k ° t s b r h t n n n W p f 2 0 r r c n e f w c i h ′ a . r a 2 x s I a a l f p o a u S a r u n o i o e 4 0 u 4 a a o A d r r J s o e l N P W W e f 4 2 q T i 7 n m d G c n o c N g h t ° ° a o k r d i d e . 7 8 7 0 f c n l i f f c t r f u 2 2 c r a s m i o h 6 9 9 7 l e o s s a o o e o u 4 E 4 e a a e d o i h E t 0 3 3 9 o 2 ⁄ 1 2 F L N S B 2 E H S T B D 1 1 S N B R C C N N g N y t i s r e v e i c n n U e r e t w a i a t t k L o S n e o o o n w o f e a o e o o l n a z r o z r i n z z o a n a s d a g n C a a n u t u e m e g a m i p m n n o t o i W o m s a e B n m i e m m a s o Y a s t l w h t t h i a s h l y a t a a h r t k h s l a k f l l l l l t c t n n h a n t a o c g i a g c m a o a a a s e o t e a a a d a c a a n n 2 ⁄ C K S S J W I K K K W J O D L H V O 1 I K M A B 0 0 5 6 7 1 3 8 2 3 4 5 7 3 6 6 9 8 3 6 3 5 3 8 5 2 3 4 1 7 9 7 7 6 7 8 9 1 2 6 1 4 0 6 3 1 0 3 4 2 5 0 7 9 6 8 5 0 8 8 0 9 8 4 7 2 1 1 2 1 2 7 8 6 6 4 4 7 2 9 0 9 4 7 3 7 7 0 2 6 6 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 4 1 y ’ . r e r r a a e t v h o i r i C i s a h e e t c i s i i ‘ z y a h n * y y y y y r n a n r r r r r a a a r t e a r r r r r W a n n v e i a l e e e e e a a a a a n a a l m h i i i y n y w h h h h h n n n n n y y t i u r i i i i i s n n C a o r r r t t t t t r C C C C C i i o r g i r r n g n r r o o o o o y e r g g k e e e k k k k k i r r r r r r r u F r e e S i c h i i c c c c c h h - e e e e e s i p r s s v l a t s s s s s s v v s a a a a a e C l C C s s s s l l l l l a o a e s s s s s s t s h l i e B u u u u e e B B B B B d u u u u u u u n z g k C k k n n n n u d n n n n n n e n d d d d d n o u o o l i l l l l l u u u u e u u u n u u u u i e i i i i i r o h h h r i r r r s r r r r r r r P P P P P W W P P W P W P W W C P O P C P C P m D 112 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 3 9 6 3 3 6 9 3 3 8 a 0 8 0 0 0 6 8 0 9 6 e 0 9 0 0 0 9 9 0 9 9 Y 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 e e l l e e n n l l r r n n o o r r h h s o o s n e e & h h s s o p p i y y h E E E E & p p s ) c k o o y . . r . . s l l m m s s a ( m m e d r B B o o r B B f r n B B o o h d i f o e e h h t t d d h h d d e P o g v m r r T T o o M c o o r T T o B N e e o l o o l e o o l l e . f R M b b s P l u u u u J f w w w w o . . o a . b l . l a l l a a a e R C J G R P D H P E P R O E E E P k ″ r ″ 7 a k 1 4 ′ . r ′ 7 1 P 0 . ′ a 1 6 5 7 4 y P ′ 5 2 m l t 6 1 . 1 l i r ′ 8 8 y 1 0 . 2 d t a . n a 9 2 i 0 2 1 n s ° 0 2 u F ° n H 2 4 a n 4 ° 1 5 ° u t ° s m o 8 4 . s 8 3 s n 6 8 m l m r i r n 8 m m l 8 m W u a a u W a o m a - d — W u i e g W n P ″ h o - l s t W – s C H l R h ″ 2 - - r e u i w C ′ ′ ′ u m . c 3 7 e r a s e l p t i o 1 5 . l 4 . e e 1 o r k W d S l M 7 7 3 . E 5 p d m l n M b u o l p f 8 2 5 4 9 a n p t d ′ y ′ ′ . . r . – n n o e f l d p o l a a e 7 0 4 e C l

7 3 o r o t a t A u C i D E n e e e 2 2 4 r

1 4 t n c . S h G r ° ° ° ° ° a i d r o fi t a 4 5 8 v w l i r h o r i 2 2 2 2 r 2 i t o c p 3 7 4 0 t i s o n 4 4 4 4 g 4 e h e e h o a 0 2 6 4 3 L E N T 1 8 2 6 B 1 T U N L N N R F N A N y y t t i i s s r r e e v v i i n e n n v U U a e e H t t a a a h t t k t e S S e e r u r w w r e n A o n n i a a e r o d l n t n S a a n n r b n C n a n a n u m m o r e e y g g o h f a a t t t i i S a s a o a a e w c o A l t l g g h h n t n g h h f h h h w d t n s s k e e l n u l a t e c c n a n o a l l w g g a l i i a a a e a W l l e l o r o d a d n l o n n O C I W K I C C W N B W A C A A A T A B A M K M . S 5 5 0 0 0 8 0 4 3 5 2 . 5 2 4 5 4 1 4 2 3 2 3 C 1 1 1 1 1 7 0 0 5 4 4 6 0 4 1 H 5 6 9 9 3 3 3 3 0 8 3 1 1 1 6 0 6 6 3 7 6 2 8 0 0 G 3 8 5 8 3 4 1 0 5 6 3 1 2 2 2 2 s 0 1 2 6 8 9 0 3 9 5 9 t 0 6 5 8 7 8 8 7 8 7 6 P 2 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 r ′ i

e

F z - a s l a

l B i i g i s

i n u d e s e o i m a e z i u

D u m z e n * t n s i a e i e i n e ′ n t

u s e n a r i e s e n r n t t e a

A i a r m a t

z ′ t u o t k p t a i m a y a p m i i a a a a o r a a a u n l l i r C e b s r o a a m l c l g i e a b b b e o u e a O B g P H l l l l k o f . i N H e a a k k k u F m o l c i f a a a u m z a 2 s - a a a i h P n n n o a r s s s u n n a t t s r n s s s t t M c c o o O t a u u o o O O O o y E e o a u u u m o N l l c c r s y s a o e d a c c c m m L d m e e e m g u r r m t t e g r r r e n t t t k e u u t i l u u l . e e i i i i l B . u e e e m m c m m l r r w t e r u e r e h e h h h u u o u u u o o o o o a y s a t y s a t A a a A ′ P Q C P v D L T C P Q Q S W Q W Q W v W R P C P C P C 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 113 ) 5 8 8 2 3 7 3 5 4 6 d 0 8 8 0 0 8 0 7 8 6 e 0 9 9 0 0 9 0 9 9 9 u 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 n i t n o e C n n n l ( n n n n n o o o r n & & & s o s o o o o s e & h o i & s s s s s s s p p p s i y E k h n p p p p p n r e k o t s . i e l m m m e s k r o r m m m m m r k o o o B h n B o o o o o o o R A h h h a w P t h h h h h d r t m c a m h r T T T r o T T T T T F o e o p l e l l o l l l l l H M e P b P b b u u u u u u u u . s w . . o o o . a a l a a a a a a o B P P R R J P G P M R P P E P R P n e e w . t d ″ y e s 8 R a k B 7 . s , c w ′ . 2 . g r u ′ e 7 i n d o f 8 v i 6 t a t o r r f L 2 R 3 d A s . e ° u & a e d h 2 R e v b 4 o t i n W ° h n r v d H 8 n 8 u e t C i o a S 5 e l R d o 6 r c r R d r 8 , v i n W 1 C a l d , i R n r e e D m - n e o e l n h ″ P g W r g d a 3 y e l R a n e h - l a o e n 1 r 8 h 1 d a r ′ f R i J t i p S m d 1 k 6 1 d 4 L o 5 o r . r a H n c n s f n e 9 h 7 h i i 1 e # ! - n o e ′ B u a s & r e t 0 N y I M m . i e H d r e 1 o o e N i e B r i s a e E 7 l 1 k & g 9 r g a C G B o ° ° f f e d a i m 5 n 0 w s b 3 p u 3 3 o o t l k 7 o 0 3 3 L 4 A m y 1 6 p o l 4 4 e a a 0 3 8 0 . 1 2 ⁄ 1 O R W W A 7 2 5 N B # N P 1 0 H Y N 1 N k r a y t P i s l l r i e v M i n n e p l a U i l d i h e a e v t i s u l t l l a n i t o H U - v w a S w f r s n o a P e o o o n m e T t n b l l y n a k d s d t e E r l a W a o e n n c m i g a l t n l g n i c i l f N J A o o d a n a e t h C a t t w e n l a s h a w o l i y s i h f n y i l i a w n n l n c k y y w n l t a i a v g o o i o n n i o m t a o l a E n i a e a o r n o o M W I C O O F C N M T L I H W A L H I 5 B B E H 6 7 2 4 9 1 5 7 6 0 2 9 2 3 2 8 8 5 3 2 5 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 9 7 8 1 7 3 7 8 7 1 2 7 1 0 2 9 9 8 5 1 1 6 9 1 1 1 1 1 4 6 7 3 4 3 8 6 5 3 3 1 1 1 4 0 1 5 3 6 0 6 4 0 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 8 7 7 2 7 1 7 7 2 7 9 0 9 4 7 6 7 7 1 9 7 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 1 3 3 1 3 a b l s a k u s a c s u r c u O e r c e u r m u ) e Q a a u Q e n k × k k k k a Q D × a a a e a a a a r r i e r r r r r × O n o o s i k O O O O n i l l i i o o o o o i c l l l l l e c a r o o g e e e e c t a o o o o o a c t t t t r i c c r b j c i i i i i i k k c c c c c l k b o e e h i i i i i . o l h h h h a a b a b c c k a b b b b b b c a k a k Q W s s s s s O W W W W O n O s s s s s s s a a e u u u u u t O t p y u u u u u u u = p p p p l O c c c c c e e ( O e c c c c c c c l e h l r r r r r m m m m m r r r r r r r t k r k r e k e e e e a e i a e e e e e e e a a a a r a c c a h u u u u u b u u u u u u u u u w c w w w w l a c a Q S Q S Q S Q S S Q Q Q S T Q J Q a J Q W Q Q m S 114 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 4 1 0 1 7 8 0 7 a 9 0 9 9 9 9 8 6 e 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 Y 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 d e l e n n n n l r n n n a o o o r l r h s o s o s o g h & d e s s s p p p n E E o k i p p p ) a . l r . t s o & m m m r ( a k m m m B o o o B r a e c o o o P W i i e h h h d h h h d r s v M n T T T o i o r T T W T u o o l l n l e o n l l r t l a s n r u u u n a u u u w w L e b l u a a a l y a a h a E P L P P J P D S B O P P E e n n e o e r r — p . T a d e h O g s S i R S u e . B e o d d d f m i v h l o o R i s R l f r E , C i . e s o E N r d e D a k d i d n , i r v a n E R u e o R D k T a A s m q S v O , y e n i . f k 2 h S , ⁄ i d a a r e t e e 1 c d & a l d r a l d 6 e R i , a w w r e t a r R l J C d e d a r k n e S h M H n l . e e y f p r R R u i l T e 2 d f ⁄ k n 1 a p f 1 o e e o e i n e a e o 3 M R o l S 2 P l r d o l h i 2 L i M G i 2 W i r S 2 y 1 t s 6 G C N / e v e e i a M 6 3 5 1 d t f l f 1 n h l c l s 2 0 1 4 4 2 r m s o o m 2 a i o a a i 0 5 8 3 8 2 8 o 4 2 ⁄ L S 7 B 3 6 2 F 1 5 L 7 1 c V S E e p l i l i h v s s n t t n w a o i o r n r a T P e o O s i f r o o k b o o o A e l a r d e z e n z k c i r n l n E A n n e n a a n t O u a a n a y r a o u u e i o f o t l a n o e i e w d m n L o m o e l s s i s o n n o s r e a m h a a o r C e h h k f k l k e l l l u r l l r p r n l l w c g . m c o a 5 a i a i e a a o a l e a l e t h W . o a a O J K B S L C H C K C J S A 1 L T C T N A S B . S 6 5 8 0 1 2 3 7 2 2 6 . 0 1 0 8 2 4 9 1 5 1 2 C 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 8 3 9 6 6 6 2 0 H 0 9 9 2 7 3 2 1 3 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 6 6 8 0 5 8 0 0 6 6 4 G 3 9 4 8 5 0 0 3 4 2 0 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 s 1 2 7 5 8 7 2 5 8 0 4 t 7 6 0 0 9 7 9 8 6 8 6 P 2 2 4 4 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 a a s d i p p e l a a a a a i r r u a p p p p a a r k a a i i r r r r n d a i r r a a i c c a a a a a t c a a e e c c c c o o o i n O e c c n n s r r o o o o r i i i i o r r r r c c r r p m n c c b i c c c c i C a a k b b l a c c k k a a a a k e k l a m P o o a a . N m m m e m i a a c m c m i m i m m O 2 n O O s s s s n k k O a O k k k k s s s s s s s s r e u u u u o a a e e t t E a a a a l e u u u u u u u u N l l c c c c e e c c c c c c c c g L m h O O l l g r r r r g O O O O r r r r r r r r n t r r n e e e e i n n B r r e e e e e r e e e m i r r r r t i i a a u u u u u u u u u o u u u o u u u a u u u h A c h c h Q S B Q L S Q T C Q Q Q B B Q S Q Q N B Q S Q S B Q B 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 115 ) 3 5 3 5 8 4 0 6 6 0 0 d 0 0 0 0 5 0 7 9 6 7 9 e 0 0 0 0 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 u 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 n i t n o e e a l l e e C l l r r ( n n n n r r n h h o o o h h e e s s s E E E E y p p p K . . . . o c l m m m f B B B B f f o o o f B M e d d h h h d d e t o o e r o o N T T T N e o o n o o . l l l . a b J u u u J w w w w . u . o l l l l a a a R E E E P E H P D H P ″ 6 f 7 o s 4 k . e 2 u r l s 0 m 4 p a e d ′ ′ d ′ t 5 o 9 P ′ t d r m 4 1 3 1 i R r f 4 o a 3 6 9 - l e N i 1 m y 1 2 3 7 r t n C ° . . . r , s a r . 2 t m ) 3 9 5 3 n e d u e h 3 u I s s S 2 8 0 4 3 ⁄ o v 1 r s y C b ) C ° ° ° i a o . u , a A 9 t 3 3 5 u e t W e e n r d - t s w 6 8 8 8 k s N w k n A R ″ o s a n a 2 R h a u 5 ( e m h g F W o k W W d r L g T s e N a 6 - - - n i r f l ′ o ′ ′ n ( g i k h 3 m d k h a a . o 8 . a n 0 4 a r C r d e d K i 9 i 0 6 P . 1 1 a g e s c o L W v o f 6 i a 1 7 1 d 3 h l n - a g r r . o . ′ - . t g r W o r o c s F I o e e d 8 4 9 B 6 n a r e l t r n o 0 W e N k 3 3 0 a 1 y a 4 g n s e r r O S t 6 ° s , ° ° ° t t K r 9 2 n d e r a . s a d 2 7 2 l t 2 2 n 9 4 2 8 o l u v u i - P e e 4 l 4 o 4 4 e i D l e 9 1 7 4 o x . W N 5 C P L 4 2 2 W E A M c N G e fi N N J e c n e i c S f o e t u t r s i l t o l s i b n c r I k H a w A e i e r o o k t w r a e e o o o n n a o e e n s r d n t z z b t a r n s n o d d d o t e e r c a s a C n r n o e a e t n n n o g P A e t a a b l n b A n a a a e i m m h l n a w f h l l l r h l r t r n u t s y a a t a o s k n c o k k k l a r a l n a r t a i t a a a a a a a a o e a r e n h o o o a a h W O O W O O W K R C P N A P D C K W E B C S 0 5 3 1 0 1 1 0 8 8 0 7 5 2 2 2 3 0 5 0 9 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 5 1 4 5 0 6 2 0 8 2 1 9 8 1 8 3 0 4 0 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 9 6 2 2 9 3 0 5 2 1 7 6 1 3 8 5 8 0 5 9 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 5 8 4 1 7 5 0 8 5 0 9 5 8 6 6 4 4 9 3 2 7 0 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 k i a i i i g O i i × r a g g s e r r p a a a a a b e e b r p p p p p s b b b a r r r r r n i e s c n n a a a a a e r i l t e e c c c c c B o a r k l l s t h k k a r o o o o o b a h h s r r r r r e u c l a a b l e e l c c c c a c u a u a O l O O a a a a a a a u u b a l s k k m m p n s n n m m m m a m m m p i a u a i i u s s s p c k k k s s s s s s s s s k p p k c O O u u u r a a a a r u u u u u u u u u a a a a c c c e s k s e c c c c c c c c c k k r r r O O O O r r r r r r r r r O b u b u n n n e e e i e e e e e e e e e i i r r r b b n n Q Q u u u u u u u u u u u u e h h h u u u e i i × Q B B Q Q B Q Q Q B Q B Q × C Q Q Q C Q C P P 116 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 0 5 3 2 3 4 5 1 3 4 3 7 a 6 0 0 0 6 0 8 9 0 0 9 9 e 9 0 0 0 9 0 9 9 0 0 9 9 Y 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 f l e e e l l e n n S l r r n o o r n l r h h s s o e a h y e e s p p y r E E E y k p m ) n a o . . r r . s l o m m a a l ( m e D l B B o o B r B o P B p e h h m t d d h d & a t v n r T T o o r o m r T o i e y K l l o e o o e l r l b s Z l b u u a u e w w w o e b . l o l a a l a h o P R B P K E P S R E E O J . . 6 e 7 v 9 e ) . 1 A . v t s m ″ t d r S A n a 8 e q I ′ R e n 5 y v ′ 8 . r ) H i r a e . 7 t 5 l 0 e g s ′ s R d 4 . s i 3 t d r w . 9 3 d h d a p . d . d o o 5 2 e c n a 5 5 d ° n r i B e n 2 F e l u ° r 5 ° 4 a a t C o 6 o M 2 r T s 5 8 r O n r t e ( h 8 , e n 8 7 o . c t g G i p d G i W s & 1 i 6 k e x h m - n W a r f r l W r 5 R 7 e k B - ″ d o - p r ( a - o y a ′ P ′ U a t n 3 . e k g e 1 R i 6 P 9 H r y s f 7 4 o L e e o v 8 p 6 . 4 l e e o i f o 3 d m - d k o s l C 9 2 l e r d 7 n J r o 1 . ′ u 5 n n . a o e e t u T r w b n . 6 4 D 5 o o 1 s d e L fi S t H i o o i g o i 3 4 1 1 r 0 t P s M h r c s S t s ° ° ° n e e t a o 1 e e l s i f t k a s 4 2 2 l c C u r b e 3 n 9 a i a c o a i r 4 4 4 o r t o W p W 2 2 a W 2 C S S S H S S 3 M L A N & J W T S N N y k t y i t r i s a s r r P e e v e i v t i n a n t U U S e e e s t s t e a r y a a t t n e t e i S r v S u o k C a e o A c n n a D l n r i z k e r l a r u a i T n n s n a c t n o n e m y g o e v g e e e r m a t i o o i a e o b i a i d s n m e h a n n s r g t r z n z r n g h r t h n y h t a t v h r y y e k u c a r l r n n c u a l w a g a o a i a a c g i a l e r a e e l o e o a r c o n a n B W I B A F C W W D W M J B G I T M S T N K S . S 3 1 0 3 7 8 8 9 7 0 . 2 0 3 8 8 5 6 5 8 2 C 1 1 6 3 1 5 0 5 9 8 3 7 H 4 0 9 7 0 5 8 6 6 8 1 1 3 7 7 0 6 4 0 7 7 4 2 G 2 5 9 6 7 5 2 9 2 0 9 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 s 5 5 9 0 8 7 1 2 2 9 t 7 8 0 5 9 1 3 1 8 0 P 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 3 d k e a s u k s e k n i O a i a d r t t s i t O r n a u e O s s s o u r r r r o u a k n d u u u n n m k k d t u u u r l i i b b e a k n n C a s a k a k k e i b i b b b r a r e u o a e R r r a a a O R o o o u . N p p p r r O O p r p r r r h m O t 2 O O O t t n s s s s s n n a s s s s s s k u r C u u r h u u u u u o h h h E e u u u u u u a N n e s f n n c c c c c s s s t i t t c c c c c c L m r i i i h h r r r r r l O s r r r r r r n s l s l l t t a e e e e e i B e g e e e e e e r m e e r g g g t n u u u u u u w u u u u u o o h h n h o i a n n n A Q P L T C Q Q D Q C Q C Q Q E E Q C Q E E Q N Q N 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 117 ) 6 1 3 2 3 4 3 5 3 7 8 d 6 0 0 8 0 7 0 0 7 8 8 e 9 0 0 9 0 9 0 0 9 9 9 u 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 n i t n o l e e l e l l e C l e h ( r r n n n n n r c b h h o o o o o e t h e & s s s s s p e y E E E y p p p p p r o . . m . K o l e l m m m m m l a f B B B h B f o o o o o o B t C e d d t h h h h h d o e t r o o r o N b P T T T T T n e e o o a o . a l l l l l k b b z s J u u u u u w w i w c . o o l l l l u a a a a a a S R H P P R E P J E P E P E ″ s ″ r r 0 0 e e 4 4 ) 0 t n . . t & 6 ′ r ′ g 9 9 S - e a 8 0 a 2 2 d ′ v ′ h 8 u 5 & t M o 8 8 A 0 W 8 4 q r . o . f 2 . 2 l 5 e d ° 7 ° 3 o e b e ( a w d v a 4 0 r c 4 0 d i s r n e i ° ° 5 e 8 e t n 8 . N g d s a R 3 5 1 a e v r n i H n H i r R 8 e 8 2 i W W v e e k d t r t l - - m v y v o l n e n A i ″ ″ a C i D l W W R 4 ⁄ a o e r o b h i 1 - - 7 7 l r f r R ′ ′ y s C i d f C 9 9 e , D C n e 0 1 . . M a D G u t n o v d l d e f h I r 0 6 5 5 r i l a a t r n d 2 o R s l e R y 2 5 5 5 l u 0 r T e a ′ . . ′ R e r 1 d n a a w 2 n e E 4 6 3 3 e G v e o l r & d r t n d o 1 i 2 4 4 4 r S G r 0 i o o A o e s d S ° ° ° ° n u i o l 0 6 g c c t d a M t f w 2 2 i 2 2 a t m a 9 1 6 n e m r r a x 4 4 4 4 e e e E E 2 2 4 4 0 n 1 I S 4 2 4 1 2 N O S L N M N O C N B N G y a t y i t e i c s r s r n r A e a e l v n i v i B o n n i n s i t d t U t r U a p n r h e i e e a a e g t h r m r t i e s a c e o a M t c r G s n e t f n S e H H n f S w t R e o n e f o s o r n n e n e o d l e o r b T m r a e n n n a w s W o n n h e o W e e m u g l u o s u I g a e l m m a i c a s i b i W S N r s a n o o a l B n o L g e v e r o C h e h i i i y k h h h l h c t y e k n n c a l l l c . n c l R a g i a a g i t a a m m m e e l a o a e W a a n n G W I C J V C 4 2 C 3 W B D A N M M O M M W N I 0 9 4 0 1 0 1 7 4 2 1 7 0 9 9 2 3 9 2 9 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 8 6 5 2 0 1 6 2 0 1 1 1 0 2 8 1 1 1 9 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 8 9 6 6 2 2 9 4 5 6 5 2 5 6 3 4 3 5 2 4 1 4 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 7 4 3 3 1 5 0 3 5 0 4 4 0 6 8 7 8 7 6 4 7 4 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 s u c r k e a u i O i Q i s k d k k k k e a n r × t a a a a i a a a a t a t O a k n n n a e O O O O t i i i a r m t t t l a a a a a w u d k l d d d d l r r r r b u u u u e a l h e e e a e e l l l b b b b u e h c t R e e e t H R R R R u u u u s r s s O k k k r v v r r s r v n k k a a a s s s s n n n n e a s s s s s s s s r t r r r r a a u u u u t O O O e u u u u u u u u n e e e e c c c c e i O O c c c c c c c c h h h h h k k k r r t r r r r r r r r r r t t t u t t t t c c c e e e e e e e e e u e e e r r r r s s u h l a a a u u u u u u u u u u u u o o o o l l l o o c o e Q Q Q N B B B Q N Q Q Q v S S Q N Q Q N Q P Q P 118 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 8 5 3 2 2 8 8 3 7 6 5 a 8 7 0 7 7 6 6 0 6 0 7 e 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 0 9 0 9 Y 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 e l n n n n r n n o o o o h s s o o s s r e s s & p p p p E e y d p p ) . y n s o n m m m m & l ( m m a B a w o o o o f r l s o o s s f B a e h h h h e r p d h h e e w t S v e a n T T T T o n r e r T T N v o r l o e l l l h o K e l l . J J E d s a b u u u u u u J w e . . n b o . . l o a a a a a a o D J P E D P P R P A P P O N D H s t n e r e g c e n m l v n t i o o e r l i e a o , R a ′ c l t p h i , a 3 n S r s ° c t A 2 i o k e o 1 S r t f 9 r p c t . 9 p u n s o e a e y & 1 2 r p e o e a t H e w 3 9 o l r n t C ° H d o f t 0 , o . R u C s 2 o r T e i s R t m 6 r ’ 8 i e R n g d u n t 8 e u n v a N t r l t s n i n U o e i W o e e n a t a r r n o W - a m t r g g s R ′ e l o l u I d M × N n t o a l d u n t 0 a n ° i i j e A n r H c e k b 4 l r 6 o o i 6 h , e d o i e t r o d w 2 m e b o f 2 r h r d . a u b C g o n t o z u t h n r A o 0 7 u t t r s R a r C n a f R o S l m T 9 3 i e e i b o S e s H s r e o t ° R 9 y f m r h g E . s n d i b r o a f 2 s a b e o h f i K 1 d o l l a a c b b 8 o c 4 a v s r o m e a r r 4 i e o i o u E 3 0 e c 4 N ⁄ W R K S N T 3 C 2 A C L N 1 b R a N H E y t i s r e o v i o z n a s U l e m l e i g a t l d a a H i a t e w r R S r o d K r r w w w r l a e o t o A f a a a e o o l n e r n d d t z b l c n o n n n i r b b a i fi e r a a n n h a a r r e e e y a o t v g e m t t t c t l a a s i N A w n m m A A h a l l h n h h h n n n a t h s i s d a o o C h s s s y k k n l l u e r s a n c n w a g o . a a a a g i a a m a a r o o l o n l n h n t o n S W K C I W W B C C A M O O W P A 5 A N T A B W . S 0 7 6 6 8 5 2 5 7 6 6 8 . 8 4 2 9 3 6 2 2 2 4 0 2 C 1 0 0 4 6 3 1 5 6 5 0 4 6 H 2 4 3 8 2 6 7 9 3 4 3 2 1 6 8 8 6 1 5 5 2 3 0 5 8 G 5 3 6 1 4 4 4 5 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 s 6 0 9 6 4 2 2 5 5 6 6 1 t 9 9 0 2 7 2 3 7 6 6 5 5 P 3 1 3 1 1 2 * d * n a a e r n n n c t a a i a a a r r r u a o l l a t t c c c o o o a n n n h a i i i r u u a n l n i t r r t t t h h h i a t r n a g g n t t t r r r u k o o i c i n n e o k k k a a a h n n g t c i c a c h h n o t t c c c h h h h a a t t n u u a m n t n t t t u a u l u u u i r r a C k k a k l k a a a l u r c B f f k r e m e c c l B B B r c e c c c f a . a k N × v u a k s s s u u u v × n m 2 n n n s s s s a S O p a s s u u u O n a a B B B s s a a a u u u u o O u u e o n n n g O E e e e u u n n n n N c y y y m c c m p n c c p p p L k m s s s k r r i m m m o o s r r o m m n m m s s s o o o c t t c e e i n a a a B r e e t a a m a a u t r r r t i o o o a a u u u u h h h l l l l o h h o h u h h o l a u u u A h Q B Q Q B B R S R B L T C Q E E R E R E R R R G G G R 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 119 ) 6 6 5 7 3 0 7 2 5 4 5 d 7 8 7 7 0 6 6 7 7 8 6 e 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 u 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 n i t n o i C n n n k ( n n n n n s o o o & s s o o o o o s n e s s s s s i p p p e & p p p p p p s w p m m m a e y o n m m m m m p i o o o e L o o o o o o r l H w h h h . h h h h h o d V H d T T T r T T T T T e a l E . l l l l l l l l o B D H y r u u u u u m u u u . . a a . a a a a a a a a P P P P R H W W P P P H D P ) . f r o ) C n 9 e e W f 9 l e l - S c f e — o y n e f M y B r m ( a o r n ( e e a r e t a d g t s t t e r r r d d n e L R n o t e o u s p R r E m t n r t r , t g e t e e N r e o t n e S d F c a n t S s n a l s C o i S t s n s I R r r r a h d u i a w a i u t d n e y p e r t i e o i t R n t M o t P S C W i a a n n , o H m r n M S e r 1 0 2 e i o N S M W d w d b 0 6 1 0 4 l r c a u 3 2 1 4 6 5 2 3 9 u a a m a d l l r 3 3 3 1 8 0 5 3 9 e 4 W E P 1 2 3 9 4 1 1 M 5 n A C r e t n e C t n e p d i s o r r c h o e s a f h n s m t M c t o w o i f o a l o t S s e o o P i a g r T l f f z e e r B r d o f e l l n E o o i a E o u e p n u n r t a a a o n p a c e e N i i b g o l a s o S N m e n B d d w s o l s n n o n i s . n s s s b a s s o a i i i w r r C i k l l y y o k l k s r r s t w r l a l n r a c . a a v c a i a i m m m a e u a l e e r a i e i t p a W 1 L O 1 C V H C N K D B C H W S C J S H 7 L H 8 0 0 6 5 3 8 8 6 8 5 8 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 8 2 7 8 0 1 1 1 5 6 5 8 3 3 7 1 4 1 6 4 0 2 2 1 3 3 7 2 2 8 9 0 1 1 1 2 0 1 3 0 2 3 3 4 3 4 8 6 4 4 1 2 1 9 9 2 9 3 9 1 2 2 1 2 2 4 3 2 7 8 2 2 6 3 4 1 9 9 7 7 3 5 5 9 4 5 9 5 2 2 3 4 2 3 4 a i a a c i i a c c t a c a a s * u c c a c c u g a a o i c a a c a c o o d c a o b a a n a a d d m m t i u a n t t L a l u u i s n n w w w m m u u e m s s l l i i r e e m s o o o l u a o u S S u u u a s s l l l h h u b a c × p l l l h c c S a a a S p p p i i i p p S n n a p o a o o b b b l o r r a a y y g o l l l a a L h i i d W W W g L L t t g c i i o o t c a a a n I n n n i n n k e e e h o s s s h s k k i i i i i s t t t x x x c k n c c g o g i i i u u u n u i i i b b b b u i i l l l a a a n a a h h h h h h h o o o o h l l l i t m h t a a a h S S R R R S S R R B S R B R R B R P S S W W S W 120 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 6 6 5 0 8 5 0 6 7 6 7 a 7 0 7 7 7 7 6 7 9 9 9 e 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Y 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 n n n & n n n n n o o o t o o o s s o o s r s s s s s e n d p p p c p p p p p ) e y n n e n s j m m m a a a ( m m m m m w z s l l m o o o e r t r o o o o o a a p p e e h h h r e w h h h h h r S g a a v a i e T T T K r r T T T T T a r h K K l l l e e w l l l l l d s a B u u u S m P u u u u u e e n b o . a a a a a a a a o . . o o P A P C P P P J T P P P O N J P J l l i M p f . o l m t d i d a a N a S t R w r o , e r d s d r y e d T o 8 f t d r R R n b R c t a # r u o R 2 a e d r n l i b A t r k o e k u o t m e l d r a a b a a i n S n l k H o r a e l n o a L f h a r o n e M P d u t t o P L A e e o a H r S e r i B 5 W i r 0 o t g m N d T g r a d W a 9 0 0 0 i l o d a i c ″ 6 5 7 6 B 1 g L o e o R a i o 0 4 5 1 8 6 6 N R G D D 4 7 S R 2 9 L B 6 g r u b s n g o y s n t i d i a u r C a L o e H e e f r b n l e w r o a A o s p w a u d b a c d t u u u u s a e i n r a S s n a a a a t n a H e e y o m e n i g N a n n n n t t a r r M i e l U o w l a i a a a a n d h n t t f n z a n l m l l l l f c i a p f s k r i o u n o n a e i d e e e e l o w a v a o a a 5 e o e o i e e e d e e e m h a . o O B L M S C W L A H K L L N W S L L G C T E S 2 . S 5 4 4 2 3 7 8 8 1 8 8 . 5 5 4 4 9 8 1 3 2 3 2 C 8 8 9 2 6 5 1 6 3 6 2 H 6 6 6 1 8 8 3 3 4 3 3 1 6 8 5 1 4 2 6 8 0 5 0 6 G 8 4 4 6 4 2 3 1 4 2 2 5 2 3 2 s 8 0 5 4 3 9 2 4 3 6 5 t 6 3 2 8 5 2 7 6 7 6 9 P 3 1 1 1 4 3 s d i e s t * s s u s e i e e n d r i a i d d w w w t t i i a c o o w o o n . i a c w l e o o l l l i l l l a r o w o r l l o n n a r r r i l m a a n i i l n a o w l o w w o a l d w o o o w w C l i l a d d o a l i v i o l l l l W o o e l i W W g o o o l i o l g g l y b l o o o l l . l N W f l y b l a f f y W l l l c i y y m c c c i i b 2 b i i i a b b W a a s b n s s s a g a e i g l m e a e i i i e e m m W W W o W W W l E l l n n n a a b b d N a a b b d d d i i s s e h h h y L m y y y p p x x x x x n b x x x x x s x x c c c b d s s s i i i i i i i i i i i i i e B l e m s b s s s l l l l l t a a a b l l l l l l l e e o o e a e e e u e u u u a a a a a a a a a a a a A L T C S G S S S P P S W W S P S S B P S S B P S S P P 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 121 ) 4 5 5 4 2 6 4 9 7 8 7 d 6 7 8 6 8 7 7 8 6 8 9 e 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 u 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 n i t n o C n n n n n n n ( n n n n n o o o o o o o s s o s s o s o o s o s n s s s s s p p p p p p p a p p p p p n m m m m m m m m m m m m m f a o o o o o o o l f o o o o o u h h h h h h h e p r h h h h h t a T T T T T T T l N T T T T T i l l l l l l l K . l l l l l u u u u u u u J H u u u u u e . a a a a a a a a a a a a . o H P P P P P P P P P P P J J P s e d d d d R R i R s k d e k . e n r a r c S o k e e a e e n , o e a v v e r P i a r i M L d r e g b a r i o r f r e e n s D r f e r o s t e a A o v r e r e r A R r N e n E e . n n C o v o M e i R y d e i 5 r o i h a l a t i i l 0 s m t n g r t & S a h r 8 o a n A T s e 4 e — E , r 1 e . n o r k n f r e l n , 3 H u 0 o r c m c o i g a t e o , w , e f r e H s d g n a e n K o D i p l R a A e R r d r r o l f i 3 h d e o b d m a B g a p t r o t l 0 n i c h a c u r w l b e o i 7 5 i e s o t o t E o u h w o 2 7 f D S S F U 2 E N 1 T N U L o N r e t s s d s s l a e l l m l n l l c w i h r i i a y a i a a a t c t o c l h i u u H H H i b o d d n s w b b t U g a a d d d I C e r e y n t n y y R e n t n n n n m l f n n i l l e m U a i a p r r f A r a a n a o r r o o l h a a o l n o l l l t r a a l l e p o e e y s r c m c y k k i n k k k t n e e a v g d v v a a r a a a a a a a a e W h e e E e e n i e a e e u O O L O L O N N D B M W M B W A B C B N O C C S W 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 3 3 6 1 8 8 9 3 2 1 4 1 1 2 2 1 3 9 1 1 1 1 2 0 4 8 6 9 2 2 2 6 6 5 5 8 1 3 4 2 1 4 5 2 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 5 3 5 4 2 8 6 5 3 0 4 1 1 3 5 1 3 1 1 2 2 0 2 1 7 3 2 3 3 3 2 4 0 2 4 5 5 6 4 8 8 9 4 8 4 0 5 9 4 3 7 8 5 4 5 1 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 s i s s y i y n r s r r e n r * * e e d e b d a b s w w r * * w a w a i r n w a e o o o o r i e n l l a l o d l s s l m w w l l w w w a l l a s s d l l i i i a c w i i a i l l o i i l o o i l l c o o o s i l l l l a f i i o u l E l l u s o a s i i l l i E l l l l W W s r i W g g i W g i i r l g i i i u r g g t W i i i n u g r a a r n g c r a a i e y n w x i c e x W W o r r W W r r W a o W a u e f f n p p s m o f f e n u b m k b k k k m k b m a k d b d x x x x x x x x c x c x c c x u d c s c i i i i i i i a i i i i t l m m a n a l l a l a l l l l m l l n l l m a a e r r r r l a u o o l a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a S C S S S C S S S C S C S S B S B S M S B A S C S C 122 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 4 3 4 6 2 2 4 0 1 a 0 0 8 6 7 0 8 7 7 e 0 0 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 Y 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 e l n n n r n n o o o h o o s s s e s s d k p p p E y p p ) c n & & . s o m m m a t o l ( m m r & l f B e o o o n d r d f e o o d c B s o e h h h d k e n p l d h h o y s t a l v o r i a T T T o r o r N o T T l e h r e o l o e l l l e . l l R C W s B D C b u u u J W u u A w . . . b . l o . . . a a a a a . . E D W R P L J P J H O C P P D P C ″ 5 4 c . i 4 s 5 ′ , t d u 2 9 - S 2 W R M S ° h 1 r ′ t 4 f 3 e U 0 0 t 8 o . 3 2 R s . e d , 5 n e 6 e e f , W n 4 . n ⁄ 9 c o - h v N 1 o n a 8 a i 9 n ″ c 5 y o r 1 a 1 L t 7 o E 5 ° r a b W 9 t S D i 6 R . n T n u S B i n 8 6 e o f m d 2 e f y ⁄ t m e r 5 1 0 o f l ′ u l a s g W o 7 3 u . a 3 r - E l - n B E ′ A h i 0 e i 4 W b 9 s e d 5 f . ° v d , d e f 8 w k . o N 2 s 2 e a - t d a k R e u a 4 y , W 4 r n s l 1 . n o a v E r L n 8 , a e u 5 T 7 o N B l e s a 2 i C L A c i N L 1 1 n t . e e d . e ° h a l i r a 8 t 0 s g t M o k i t M 4 w k a c 0 r 1 9 c t a d . o d m e e 4 a i l o a t e 2 3 4 8 n L 2 1 P W I 1 1 L S N L N W 2 B S K y t i s r e v i n U d n e t a a l a e t t l s e l I r n S w e i n c A c c e a e n o o B a e a e a e r t n e i d e n n a P t n t n d n n n y a o o o e g n h o o i g s i m a s i t a s e i s i r e r i s a s a g a L i k k g n l n g h s u e r k n k n n n c c h e u w w u e k s r r c c k l c c w a o a l o a a i g e o l o a a e o o a l a a a o n K A C B J M H L M C M L A J D M O L M M T M I . S 5 5 6 8 2 4 2 5 3 0 6 . 3 1 7 5 8 6 5 3 1 1 6 C 1 7 2 0 2 8 3 7 5 6 2 8 H 2 8 6 8 7 9 5 1 4 0 7 1 0 8 5 6 2 8 2 8 1 6 2 G 2 6 7 5 8 6 6 1 9 3 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 s 1 9 0 9 6 0 8 6 0 6 7 t 5 6 5 5 7 7 2 3 5 6 4 P 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 m u e h t s n e A e e a e d e e r g e n r r i i T u T T s a g a a m n t s n a n i c a a a a m m m u n t e i n n d a c c d d u u u o d e y n i i b n e c y u o i o o r r i d d d a b r o n n o u o g i i i i r g g m b r r d u o o l p a b b b C p o e e a a a e l l l n p M e p p a a b u P b s a a a P P e . j N a a m r s r s q j j s m n u s s s 2 d e s s s e e e a u e e a n a a a c s a a a a a a a a a a s s d c d r r r i s o S r r e r r r c r r r l E u e e l N f f u f f f i f f f o o o o t u n n n L b m r E a a E b a a a a a a h n h h u a n b s s e a a s s s s s s i B m d m s p s p p r d t m s s s s s p s q a p p i o e m e a a a a a a a o a o o e o A a a a a a a R S L T C S R S S S S S S S S J J S S S S J G S A 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 123 ) 6 6 4 8 7 4 8 6 7 2 2 d 7 6 0 9 6 6 9 9 9 0 7 e 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 u 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 n i t n k o e k a l e C n l a n l ( r k n l h o a r k o c h h a c s o e h s h c i & i c s i h r p y E i a r E d t p a e n l r m o . t m r . l n l m h r a r M e m U a f f l a M B o B o P U s B l o f f o n p s s c h e e p d s t h C d m C e a u m a a l e r T c o c o a N N T a M o l i r e i B K l o o r K l . . l l l a l M M C b l a i u J J u e i w i u w e . . . h . a . o l h a l t a o o H P H S E P E J W D C D G C C W J R , n d e a s n g i u a n k h o f ′ c n d l w i H 6 a a o a 8 l , d o b r g M 0 t a t o . R R f 4 ⁄ k e e S 1 n , n 4 o r e r . n e k t d o 4 a 2 s e n e r r n a b r r r ° E A 1 e r I v o e . f o r e o i 5 t M t L c n N n r f n r F t a v 8 p c r , f n e i a t e , i s x o i e f 4 i e i o ⁄ o v G d a e 1 T Z R t i o W t v c h S O r . n N i t - 7 r a r a n t ′ , e E n 4 n r ⁄ d e a 4 E r 1 o e 1 W 7 , D L h W a W o a r e a 9 W t R e 3 t 4 S r C e t t c S S e e n - 1 M 9 o 3 k n , e W r F n n S n . e d i S e s e f n i R a 3 e i l d S 4 t e , R s r i n o a s o , 3 r e U e L m e , m 2 e C e d t r 4 P t ⁄ a . s P e ° T e k l N 1 h 1 d n e o t r f n r n l l c r r t 2 r 3 t l i 4 2 c v i o g t u o a a o u i w a t E i 4 i 4 l x e r 6 3 x o G 8 U W G M T G 2 P O N S B e R E E c N W F n k o i r t a a t P y S t t o i l r s t i a C r e c e d i d h s l n M g c r l u a o e i l n l s o e v s o o o G n k I a i r G e o c c a f e r r e u c c c B f u z l c e a a o b b L e T m a a l t a o a a H a i e n n g e s s n n n n i i m m l n v e e d i i n i e g r S m i e w o o k k a h n n k k k g n e C o h a a l t i d c c c c l I c c c m y y l a c r . e l n w d a a a a a a t a a . a 2 a r m i ⁄ e o e o e t o 1 L H L M R M K M G M 1 K M S M M 7 W N M W L 1 6 4 5 4 2 9 9 1 2 6 2 1 3 2 2 6 1 2 3 3 1 8 1 9 8 4 5 2 0 0 8 3 3 7 2 2 2 2 3 6 3 5 2 2 4 5 3 1 9 6 1 5 7 3 5 3 4 1 1 3 4 5 5 6 5 5 1 9 1 9 5 0 2 4 7 2 3 2 7 3 4 4 6 8 9 1 0 2 4 1 1 1 1 h h s s h s A t t A h t t A u u h s n n u u a a i s i n n n t t n n A i a r r a a a a a a A r r a a t t t t i t a e e n * s i i n e e t a a a r i l l a n i n d d n a i i s i l d d n i r l l i a o o r a u d d c c u a r f f d d u u t i a a a o o p o a a i i a a o r t a f f c r a a o l l l n g p r r r i i i u l l o n i l g e t t r r t u o M u l c M B B c u t t M B B u L e c c o u e u m a a o r v n e n a n n a u n e n n v e e a a d a e e a d l l a a a s M a a a M a a l l a e s s s c c c e y y e c c s s g g y i y i i y y g i i p u u u n p h h u r u r r h h n n r r c n o w c b b b w i a i o e e e b b p p i e e p p r a o a r r r r r r r r r o p a a l a a l u m m m u m m i o o o o o h t t t t y y y i h a S E S A S E S S S S S A S A A S S A S J S L S L 124 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 8 8 8 6 8 3 8 0 3 6 a 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 6 0 6 e 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 0 9 Y 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 e l e e e e e n l l l l l r o r r r r r h h h h h h s e e h h h h h c c c c c p y y E i i i i i E E E E E ) r r r r r o o ...... l l l l l s l l m & ( B o B B B B B r U U U U U B B n e h t d s s s t s s d d d d d h v r e e e r e e T o o o o o o e r e l l l l l e e l o o o o o o r r r e r r u D b b s a a a a a u g w w w w w w . o o b h h h l h h a l l l l l a D E E E E E R P C C C E R O C C R 1 3 - h ″ e d M ″ c s 1 e r . 4 R t t u 7 g & u . 4 h a o . S . y h t 5 0 g ′ t 4 4 h t a t f i ′ , C 4 t l 9 o e 2 d S o 9 R k r 1 - r 2 s k f C - 2 ’ r n a u ° h f e o ° N e a M c a y o e 4 o n d M d e 4 r n t s i v 8 o S b n s e C n r 8 u M i n r s r a f N i t u d o o h r e u r . i o W A i c o w s o W W - n a N m s o s C . d e G - e e ″ n t d , t e n m s H f ″ o i r t C r 4 I s e k n n o 6 n S r . l o i a 3 o 2 a p s 1 g o 2 P n t e f 1 a e n . 8 e e , , r a t l w c e l . o . . l m t , n o W 8 n i e k e e e w t n d e e 3 & - s i o 0 . a i s 5 c a n w e v l r o ′ t r E v v 5 r r d i 4 r ′ V o u L f n d a a E 3 e 4 S t e i o C t A A 1 t 3 r o k r 4 s - 2 C i s c h i W S G n 4 c g R n g - s d d t d o ° i c n f ° l r o o a k m i 5 o n n n n b f M 2 f n l f o r 2 r a r a c c M e a a a 1 o o 4 o e o l b 5 c r r u e r a l n 4 e a o r 2 . N F A G G H K 2 B S W N N L B G 1 H A O & 0 N N y y t t i i s s r r e e v v i i n n U U d d d d d e e n n n n n t t a a a a a a a a l l l l l t t n s s s s s e o S S I I I I I e r o n o v h o e A c c c c c c c c c c n n z a r z p d a a a a a a a a a a a a r a u e a n n n n n n n H m m n n n n n y g g d o s i i i i i e i i i i i t i i a B m r a i a m o l k k k k k k k k k k h n n h h a r o t h a h J c c c c c c c c c c l k f u c c l r n u w g g a a a a a i i a a a a . a a a x e o a a t o o n n M M M M M K B V I M C M M O M M M M K T S I S O . S 4 7 2 0 1 0 7 9 3 5 7 . 3 2 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 C 5 5 7 8 0 8 0 0 1 5 0 H 2 2 2 2 3 6 1 8 0 1 8 1 1 0 9 5 2 0 6 5 5 4 7 5 G 5 5 3 5 4 1 7 7 5 1 5 1 1 s 5 2 0 9 0 3 2 3 3 8 4 t 8 9 7 8 8 9 9 6 6 3 4 P 1 1 1 1 2 e a . . s s t r r s i s s ′ r s a a e e V a n e r r v v r v a r p p d p r o y y m m e y o i b s C C l m u u u l r i l C l u l n h h d d a e i A h a l l c c i t d s s s s s i i t l c r i i i i i a a H n n a t t e i ′ a r r r r r i n o t s s o a B B a a a a a i i e s d m B w a r i d C g g g g g i d d o a d e – – l l l l l a e d i – d Y u . u u N u u u c d m e m m m 2 m m c e v v v v v E m n m u n a u u o i u u m u a C a a a a a u i i o E n i N r d h h g g g g g h s a d d e a d L m c c o a j c t n n n n n c c c c c n o o u i i l e o i i i i i i i r i l B t t u m t r a a a a a x x x r r r r r t t x h l l l l l s s s a o h o a a a a e y i y y i i y i y i i i a A i S L L T C S S L L S L S T T L d T d T d H T T W K 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 125 ) 5 6 2 6 3 3 4 3 3 8 d 9 0 9 0 9 0 6 0 0 6 e 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 0 9 u 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 n i t n o e e l l e C n l r ( r r n o r & e h h s o r e e e h r & k s e d p y y y E E e E r p y o o o n . c y . . a l l l m a n m d w B B o B P B B B e y o a d h r p w d t t t d h d o S n n e r r r T o S o o o T e B r e e e h o l o r o l n d f b b b a H a u u w f w h w n o o o o l . l a l h a e o J E A S J R P R R P R E N E ) e d t ″ ″ ″ R a l 4 3 7 v o 7 9 y n i . 3 . ′ o e . r o 4 7 i s 4 h 8 p f e 3 4 ( c p n 3 ′ 5 ′ o e i ′ 6 S 8 8 r . n d . s 8 m 2 K 2 N y T o 2 n d 2 a ° R ° t r , f ° 1 o u h 4 g s 4 g i a ° o . 4 i o t d 8 s 8 n m r n l C 5 g 8 i i s . n B . , r R l E b l i l 8 p l d C s l a i a W W i l a i y m W e d e u O . a e t M - - F L m s W B n — a c u – r 6 ″ ″ G h f i B a n t u s f – e o i t y d T 3 ″ 2 5 t i o v e l l o t u e o n c ′ - w t s f 1 5 6 r r a e h e o c n 9 . . r h e O a S o r e 0 o e t k e d u M u 5 5 . 7 e C m f S l b a N e m e r f o N 3 5 2 5 n r f l n c o ′ ′ ′ . r t o k l a L r a o n t r o r C i a 3 4 3 0 a n o A c o e d F r H o v G y 4 4 4 2 e r P e s c a 0 L o c t ° e ° ° ° e a t l a m 3 d r 9 d k f l l a f i 2 2 2 2 k n r l i a r y 1 c 7 o e u i s o W 4 4 4 4 e e a o a o r W t 9 a 0 n T V L S B 1 L 7 I N E F S N C N J N S N M S y y y t t t i i i k s s s r r r r a a e e e l P v v v u i i i e s n n n t n a d i U U U t n n e S e e e e e e l a l t t t . l l s l r t i P a a a i s r t t t a v I k v e n M s e S S S e e v n o u n e B k e a i n n n o u r o r a s a a n d u n t a i a a g g i a n s i T a C n i L D u m m m m a g n g g n p o n e n n i i i i a o i a a s a a e n d f f o u l a a M l a p h z h h l z h l o n o o c h h k h h t k l e t c t c c e n r e n a c d g g g g i i i M a e a r l n e e a e e o E E a l n n n n L I M I L S J O B C S B G S O S I I B M M O P 6 8 6 2 0 6 5 7 8 9 0 7 6 3 2 3 3 4 6 2 3 7 3 7 9 1 1 0 6 2 8 2 8 8 5 3 8 3 5 4 1 8 7 1 1 1 2 5 4 3 2 5 8 0 4 0 4 2 0 7 2 5 3 1 6 6 0 4 5 5 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 4 9 2 0 4 9 5 3 5 6 8 0 4 7 4 5 2 1 3 3 3 8 3 3 2 1 2 3 1 1 2 a t e a a t d i ′ r d V a o o x d r c i o * i n o l e n s w a l e b r i a s s o a d l * t r i e l s s i i l l n P v A a o s s ′ s k k i a V T y l i i a i a t c c l r l B s s . L n h a a s r a n n o o y o a n n o c n n n e l l o p o a d t e d n a h e e t r e a a a r c y b p e t e e n d m m d d i p t c c d n d r a i v o v a i i e d e e m a a r y e a i c d n r n r r a a A d l d t e d d n i n n u r c e H H e e e e e i u r l o s a a a m p o o L o o l e d m C L o a L L c c o n n o m m o o t a o × r n c t a p r r a a a a l i e e r w a a w w c l e n j j o e e l t i s e s s g t t a a a a a i i s g g a a e s a u u i i i i i s i i i v i s s r i s s x u u l l l l l h l l l T r a h h a i i i i i a a a o a a i i o m i s s × B T T O B B T T T W T T T S L T T S K P T T E E 126 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 2 0 1 1 1 5 6 3 1 5 3 a 6 9 0 0 0 6 9 0 8 6 0 e 9 9 0 0 0 9 9 0 9 9 0 Y 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 o e e e n l l l l l n o r r r e & s o e h h h t & & e s p y s n E E E y p ) k k o o o . . . n s o l m g g s l ( m a f C o B B B f m r r l B o o f o f B e e h h e p t h k d d e d t d v M M a a r & T c r o o o r N T n i N r e l i e o o e K o y y . l r . r t t b s A b u t G J r t t u J e w w w . . . o b o a a l l l e a . a a o F O P S P P P H J R H R E E O P E e d ″ v n R i 3 e ″ r 1 e e 1 . r D , 9 w 4 o . h t e 4 l h c l 3 e ′ h a c u 4 S b s i 8 ′ r r r a i 2 e 8 h d o ° t C k w c 2 b i R 4 r ° a t n r u 8 a k l r 4 s e e L , c r e e 8 C e n i C f r e W e r T f y n a v f W s v b W i l – o d f & a l i - r r l o W o r , t e i ″ ″ L e & n l t D S i 4 8 G D a g o S l E H a s i l 2 0 i c e g t t . . e n l o a n e d k a n a e . a 9 9 a l p t i e s T H s d t n 5 5 e d n p v o S ′ ′ s m i n r i g t S l fi o y R l o 3 3 a h o e & e e n r e i l c 4 4 e i y O l t y O m d w i P P 9 ° ° l o n e n a o n f a b f r D 5 2 2 e i c k n L a 6 2 o a o - o o t 4 4 r l h a o h u 1 7 e o B M E 3 B S S 3 C E A Y L M n t N N y t y y i t t i i s d k s s r r r o r e a e e o v p v i v r v i s s e i i h n l d B n n m e s u o r U e g n U U o o i a a e w l e e n t B W F l t t o i a n t t t a a a t T t r t o V e n n n S i i i e r S e S B s t w o o o k A s n x a n n d a – P P P e o a n r d a a t n t L r t e e m e g y o n e e e g e i g e e e i m m D t i t a i i a s s s n a n C e l a o a n n n o h n l n h r t s s s h h m y y h r r h i f h s y y y k c u k t t c a o c o o w a a g i a a a a g i h o g i a a e r r r e o m e o n n n S W O W W W I M M O C E N W D G G W W G D I T I M . S 1 2 3 0 2 8 8 7 7 6 2 . 7 6 1 9 1 1 0 7 5 6 6 C 1 1 1 1 9 4 6 9 9 1 1 1 7 5 3 7 H 0 8 4 1 1 8 8 2 9 8 8 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 6 9 7 4 5 4 8 6 5 1 G 2 0 2 1 3 2 9 6 5 1 4 6 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 s 8 1 0 8 3 3 2 1 4 5 5 t 1 5 0 6 8 2 9 0 7 1 4 P 3 3 4 3 3 2 1 3 2 2 2 ) ? s i a r r a e g c d l e o u r u v m k a p a s l n . i c k i a a a a n r . n t s c E o n n n n a a a l n U n i o e a a a a v c d l ( o e a m i n r c c c c m e m m m m m l r a a i i i i i r r d l l l l e m o C l r r c r r r r a o e E b e a e m o e e e e b b n E E E E a n H l . N i a r n a a i m l m L n H m l l 2 n n n n m m m m E m m a a l a - n a a g m l l a a a a a g g m a a a a c c n n h o c h E E c c c c E E s s s N i t r s s i s s s s s s i i i i l a a L m r i e o u u u u u u u u u u r r r r h h h n l t o g g e o i e e e e c B c c m s r g t m m m m m m m m m m u u y y y l l l l l l l l l l o a a m a m m m m n s s m A T L T C T E U C A U A U A U U A A U U W W U W U U S E 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 127 ) 3 3 5 6 5 6 5 5 8 1 6 2 8 d 0 0 6 6 9 9 9 6 6 0 9 0 5 e 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 0 9 u 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 n i t n i o k e C n n s l ( n r o r o o s o e e s h s r e p y y e E m p e o n e o o . n o r l l r m v a m l a f l P o B f f T T B B l f a o y f f p y h e p t t d r h g g e e d r a H i i r a t t r r T o N T s N N a s e e K l k B B i K o i . l h . . r b b g u g J u e J J c e a w . o o . . A A e i e a l a o o R R H P H A J A H M J P R E R R e l v e i ″ r n ″ 1 n D 9 6 . e a 3 a d 4 . v h l c l f c 4 3 f R i A ′ a o 1 o f n ′ 8 s e h t o o e H 2 9 e t k S c ° W 2 a 6 d e M i 4 ° n 9 W e r L o s d l 7 8 4 a l 4 u f l T a o n 2 r d 8 t p 4 o t N l a a d T 1 e n W t 2 . r , n r k u m l s . . u W - m H e 8 i E l k r e c e d a k ″ o S - u i v 1 a r a t h t t r . i i ″ 1 r r s s R w R a n t s e P a H i d 7 7 a s U g R a c n o u . f P P r a e h 5 d s f t n f o r J 0 . o A l C d h c n n a l h a o o v i S r 5 0 h c f r t a ′ ′ 6 e l e t e l d a t N o e i R d 3 4 e e 9 E e e y n o i r E D - W b 4 4 n b e n i e e G t I C E ° ° T a e a r m 5 0 d n n r f m z s 2 i 2 m z a d 0 0 0 a i g a o i o s 5 e E 4 4 o l i u e l r 6 1 5 7 e . h 1 S F R 2 N S E E 2 3 N B B N N R n c 0 y y t t y i i t i s s s r r r e e e v v i i v i n n g n n U U i U s e e e t t n t a a a a t t t L S S w S r f r w n l a r o l o n n a o o n i n d e b t a a n y d t b a d n e h r s a n n t N r m m e s r e g g t n g e e i m n o t i i g n a o i e A o a a i t n a w A h a l n n n t o a e h l n h h h h g l s h h y r a n i h o s y y n k v m n c c k t n c t c e t e e a g g a i i v a a a e g i t a a a e r n a n o i e r r 0 n n n W M I W I W W E W O A D M I A M T T 1 O R L Z G O H 7 4 7 8 7 5 8 0 8 7 2 7 0 0 4 4 5 6 6 7 6 0 9 9 1 1 1 1 6 1 6 2 1 4 0 0 2 2 4 0 7 8 5 0 7 7 7 1 2 6 9 4 1 1 1 1 9 2 6 5 8 2 6 9 9 4 4 5 0 7 9 7 3 9 0 9 0 7 0 3 5 6 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 7 9 9 4 7 3 5 8 0 3 1 4 6 8 4 6 8 9 4 3 8 9 5 2 2 1 1 3 1 1 2 3 1 2 3 3 ) s i ? r a a r e g l c u o r v p . r . a i a a l i i U a v a i l ( o a a m s r n m f o a a l a l r n i l i a l l i l a f e i t m i i i o i r m a t E m m m m v c m E m m l m l o l l l r l m v l l l m n r l o b o r m m m r i r r E b r o E E E E u r E a E e E E E u u u u a e e e u h m p p p m r s b n y p p p r p s t e n n n y b l e h h r s r a s a a s a s s s s s s s s s s s s s s E m i m e i i i e e i i e u u u u u u u u u r u u u e u l l r r r e p p k n t n t e e e e g i g i p c p m m m m m m m m m m m m p m p b i b b b i l l l l l l l l l l l l l n h n h o i l e i i i l e U U E U S U S U S C E U S C U U U S U S U U S S U R 128 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45 r 3 4 5 3 7 6 4 5 6 7 a 0 0 7 0 6 0 0 7 7 9 e 0 0 9 0 9 0 0 9 9 9 Y 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 e l n n n r n n o o o h s s o s o e e s s p p p y y E t t t p p ) n o o . t t t s l l m m m a y e e e ( m m l B o o o r s s s B B e o o p s s s e h h h v t t d h h a r a a a v r r T T T o r T T a e e B B B K l l l o e l l H b b s u u u u u e w u u u o o . b l a a a t t t a a o P R S R H P S S P P P O J E ″ ″ s t k 1 6 d e e 5 l 2 n . . l e e o 1 r r 5 a ′ t 4 e P e ′ s C 9 H v s 8 2 h d o d y u A ° 2 s e e i o d ° 4 R w l k s w 4 F 8 e T R H e e e o 8 f i k c c e o . y W r o v l n r n g W l fl e e e k i k – e a r C - i N g r k t B o h e ″ ″ c m r , d a r k t o f i 7 3 r o E S t a n & o n r r P o 7 1 a e o u f . . P n b R P d e B P r 5 l d o 9 2 o n B f f l e n R 1 h r e i 5 5 o h a o o t e l ′ ′ n n 6 t a w v t g r d e d m 3 3 r e o 2 l e o a n u i N 1 b G d o 4 4 o C e b t l t t f d i 1 ° ° r a i c i i l a w a fi f f f o f t s z 6 2 2 z a c o n o M i s o o . i - m E 4 4 l e r l o e p n 4 ⁄ S E B B E E W N W N M L 3 u E N N I N y y t t y i i t i s s s r r r s e e i e v v l i i v o i n n p n o U U d s U s l n e e s l e d e t t i a s t a n l a a r a a t t s H o C e t e I o o S S r o v S f m d o o c l c a o o A n n z z r n m e a z a d a a r a a a a e T n a fi n E n n n m e m g y g i o i g e m g o i t i a S H o m m i a a d t n m m k a k l n t a n n s h h a a h i f n t h y h a o c n c h y n l l k s c u l c r c a o w e g a g o a i a i a e g i a a a m r a o a l o r r o n n n I I G C W M I S C M K 3 W T P T M K K T M O B M . S 5 0 4 1 2 3 5 9 6 0 0 . 1 2 8 6 2 3 4 3 4 4 4 C 1 2 4 5 7 8 1 2 0 0 1 0 H 1 1 1 7 8 7 3 3 3 3 5 1 0 2 0 6 1 7 7 7 3 5 4 G 1 0 1 7 7 1 1 2 3 2 3 1 2 1 1 1 s 7 0 2 9 6 7 7 8 3 6 4 t 2 5 3 5 7 0 5 6 7 6 9 P 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 r . e r v a l e v e l d fi m K * - m e m u . l a e i u u o t l l c t * n E g i S o b m m m o i a l l l i t f a g d u i c i i i h t v n i i i a a a a E E E e s n o c l c t n t t t n s s o t a l a m n e e e e p a a D n n n l u l a C l e a g g g y m m y e l s w w w m m o r e e e ’ D r o . m u N o o o r o o r m m v v h v r m s m m 2 r h u m d d d e m m h h e m n e a u u × × × × t l o l e t t u u r r r l n b u v t o b E n n l e e e s s s s s N E E r n n y s s E n m y n r r e r r p p p r L m u u u u u u u u n n e n k k k u u u u u m K i B b n m c m m c m n c t m m m m m m m b b i e b b b . m l l l l l l l a i i i o o a a o l a a i i i o a t A o U R L T C U U R C U U V C U R U V V K C N V N V V S t 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 129 5 5 4 3 8 2 3 4 7 7 7 8 0 7 6 0 6 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 0 9 9 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 n n n n n n n o o o o e s s s s o o o e y s s s p p p p y o p p p o l n l m m m m m m m B a o o o o B l o o o h h h h h t p t t h h h i a r r T T T T T T T e e m l l l l K l l l b b S u u u u u u u e o o . a a a a a a a o P P P R P P P R P R J e g ″ e c l n ″ 4 e n n i n c 0 3 c e d o e . d r i 2 e n l i o 2 . R i c r e g 3 7 i C u r ′ ′ g S a c e r l 8 9 B f t S e 2 2 f M o n s v ° ° f I o e e e 4 4 o E c t C f 8 8 i e f u W o t v n t o , i i r W W u t S t s e e i i - - s k , r t S ″ ″ W a i r s n s p p 7 7 , t I h a R n n 5 2 s k I m n e m . . P f k r k e a a d 3 2 o k r o a h i d r 5 5 w o w o t ′ ′ y P a u s r o K e S 3 3 e t r l e s r b b G 4 4 r l S 3 b e g a ° ° a n a l a 0 n f v z u 2 2 d a d a v 5 a I i o e r o 4 4 l r e e 7 t n E C C R 1 C C B I E N a N y y t t i i s s r r e e v v i i n n U U s s l e e l l t t l i i h a a s s t e t e e H l H l l l l s l S l S l i i d i i d l m l v v n n H H e u d d d e e e e a a d d d n c fi e y k n n n fi y k e m m g g n n n l l e o i i a a a a a a a r w t n a a a m r m l l l T l l l h h L e a e L y h o h n o k k k f k k k c c v v n e a g o g o i i a a a o a a a e l e l e r E W n n O O O O W O I O B S S B M B M T B S L I 5 8 8 3 8 7 1 1 4 2 1 2 2 3 1 1 2 3 1 5 6 9 3 4 5 2 3 8 6 2 3 1 2 2 2 3 1 2 1 8 4 0 1 7 8 0 6 5 5 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 7 2 9 8 9 0 2 3 5 9 5 3 3 4 4 5 2 5 3 3 2 * m m u m u n l u m * a a n * c u h a m y y i i y y l c r r p r u m m i r r i r r m o e e r l r r f u u e e m m c u e a i e e o l b b b b m u u v f n n b b a r i m o o a n n r b b o t l l n n u a a n i i a a o o u k a r c a a l l l u r r r r r m b i i r r r × t p t e i m r r r C C u h t t p C C h - - l u e Z V s w - - l s w s m m m m y h h t a h h e y A a m m m A s s x u u u u s s s n a - - x u u u H u u o e H n n n n u u y a v y o n n n l l b b r r r r h r b b n o r r r k k h t k k h h g t u u u u h h a c u u u c k c c n l g g a n g g p i i b b b b a b b b a i i i i i i i i l a r e i i i l r a r a H V B V V B H V V J H V H V Z P Z F P Z 130 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45

TABLE 3. Alphabetical list of abbreviations used in Table 2 of the Big Trees and Shrubs of Michi- gan # Number M- Michigan State Road + Plus Mi Mile * Current or former National Mt Mountain Champion N North AA Ann Arbor NCh (or *) Current or former National Admin Administration Champion Ave Avenue NE Northeast Betw Between Nr Near Bldg Building NW Northwest Blvd Boulevard Pk Park Bus Business Pkg Parking CC Community College Pt Point Co County Pte Pointe Cr Creek Pts Points C.R. County Road R River CS or C.S. Crown Spread R Range Ctr Center Rd Road cv Cultivar Rds Roads Dev Development Res Residence Dr Drive RR Railroad E East S South Eliz Park Elizabeth Park SE Southeast ENE Eastnortheast Sect. Section Entr Entrance S.R. State Road Ft Feet St. Saint Ft Fort St State G Girth in inches St Street Gov’t Government Stat Station GPS Global Positioning by Satellite Sts Streets H Height in feet Subdiv Subdivision Hdqs or Hqtr Headquarters SW Southwest Hse House T Township I- Interstate Highway Twp Township Id Identification Univ University IM Intermural US US Highway Inst Institute Var Variety Kellogg Bio. Kellogg Biological Station W West Station × hybrid

the same trees and shrubs by common names to facilitate finding a tree or shrub when only the common name is known. Table 5 presents a list of these same trees and shrubs arranged by county. The scientific and common names used in these lists are those regularly used in books and manuals treating the plants known to be growing in the Great Lakes area. Important among these are Barnes and Wagner (1981 and 2004), Voss’ three volumes on the flora of Michigan (Voss, 1972, 1985, & 1996), Gleason and Cronquist (1991), Dirr (1983), and Rehder (1951). In most cases there is little un- certainty about what name to use. A few, however, are problematic. Most of these are related to hybrids between species or a difference of taxonomic opin- 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 131

TABLE 4. Common Names of Michigan’s Big Trees and Shrubs Common Name Genus/species Alaska-Cedar Chamaecyparis nootkaensis Alder, Black Alnus glutinosa Alder, Speckled Alnus rugosa Apple, Common Malus pumila or M. sylvestris Apple, Crab Malus coronaria Apple, Southern Crab Malus angustifolia Apricot Prunus armeniaca Arborvitae, Oriental Thuja orientalis Ash, Black Fraxinus nigra Ash, Blue Fraxinus quadrangulata Ash, Green Fraxinus pennsylvanica Ash, Pumpkin Fraxinus profunda Ash, White Fraxinus americana Aspen, Bigtooth Populus grandidentata Aspen, Quaking Populus tremuloides Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum var. distichum Basswood Tilia americana Basswood, Large-leaved Tilia platyphylla Beech, American Fagus grandifolia Beech, American Weeping Fagus grandifolia var. pendula Beech, Copper Fagus sylvatica var. atropunicea Beech, European Fagus sylvatica Beech, European Cut-leaf Fagus sylvatica var. laciniata Beech, European Purple-leaf Fagus sylvatica var. purpurea Beech, European Spaeth Fagus sylvatica var. spatheana Beech, Tricolor Fagus sylvatica var. tricolor Beech, European Weeping Fagus sylvatica var. pendula Beech, Fern-Leaved Fagus sylvatica var. heterophylla Birch, European White Betula pendula Birch, Hybrid Betula ×purpusii Birch, Mt. Paper Betula papyrifera var. cordifolia Birch, Paper Betula papyrifera Birch, River Betula nigra Birch, Western Paper Betula occidentalis Birch, Yellow Betula alleghaniensis Black Haw Viburnum prunifolium Bladdernut, American Staphylea trifoliata Box-elder Acer negundo Buckeye, Ohio Aesculus glabra Buckeye, Red Aesculus pavia Buckeye, Yellow Aesculus octandra Buckthorn, European Rhamnus cathartica Buckthorn, Glossy Rhamnus frangula Burning-bush or Wahoo, Eastern Euonymus atropurpurea Butternut Juglans cinerea Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis Catalpa, Northern Catalpa speciosa Catalpa, Southern Catalpa bignoniodes Cedar, Japanese Cryptomeria japonica var. lobbii Cedar of Lebanon Cedrus lebani Cedar, White or ArborVitae Thuja occidentalis Cherry, Choke Prunus virginiana (Continued) 132 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45

TABLE 4. Continued Common Name Genus/species Cherry, Common Sour Prunus cerasus Cherry, Double Sweet Prunus avium “Plena” Cherry, Oriental Snow White Prunus serrulata “Shirotae” Cherry, Pin Prunus pensylvanica Cherry, Sweet Prunus avium Cherry, Wild Black Prunus serotina Chestnut, American Castanea dentata Chestnut, Chinese Castanea mollissima Chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa Cockspur thorn Crataegus crus-galli Coffee-tree, Kentucky Gymnocladus dioicus Cork Tree, Amur Phellodendron amurense Cornelian Cherry Cornus mas Cottonwood, Eastern Populus deltoides Crab, Prairie Malus ioensis Crabapple, ‘Barbara Ann’ Malus × ‘Barbara Ann’ Crabapple, ‘Bob White’ Malus ‘Bob White’ Crabapple, Japanese Flowering Malus floribunda Crabapple, ‘Mary Potter’ Malus ‘Mary Potter’ Crabapple, Oregon Malus fusca Crabapple, Redbud Malus sieboldii var. zuni cv calocarpa Crabapple scheideckeri Malus ×scheideckeri Crabapple, Tea Malus hupehensis Cucumber-tree Magnolia acuminata Cypress, Bald Taxodium distichum var. distichum Devil’s Walking Stick Aralia spinosa Dogwood, Alternate Leaved Cornus alternifolia Dogwood, Chinese Cornus kousa var. chinensis Dogwood, Flowering Cornus florida Dogwood, Flowering Red Cornus florida f. rubra Dogwood, Gray Cornus foemina var. racemosa Dogwood, Red-osier Cornus stolonifera Dogwood, Silky Cornus purpusii Douglas-Fir Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas-Fir, Rocky Mountain Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca Elderberry, Common Sambucus canadensis Elderberry, Red Sambucus pubens Elm, American Ulmus americana Elm, Camperdown Ulmus ×vegeta Elm, Chinese Ulmus parvifolia Elm, English Ulmus procera Elm, Klemmer Dutch Ulmus hollandica Elm, Rock Ulmus thomasii Elm, September Ulmus serotina Elm, Siberian Ulmus pumila Elm, Slippery Ulmus rubra Elm, Smooth-laced Ulmus minor Elm, Wych Ulmus glabra Euodia, Korean Tetradium danielli Euonymus, Winged Euonymus alata False Cypress, Hinoki Chamaecyparis obtusa Fir, Balsam Abies balsamea Fir, Douglas Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Fir, Fraser Abies fraseri (Continued) 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 133

TABLE 4. Continued Common Name Genus/species Fir, Giant Abies grandis Fir, Manchurian Abies holophylla Fir, Nikko Abies homolepis Fir, Nordmann Abies nordmanniana Fir, Vietch Abies vietchii Fir, White Abies concolor Fringe Tree Chionanthus virginicus Fringetree, Chinese Chionanthus retusus Ginkgo Ginkgo biloba Goldenrain-Tree Koelreuteria paniculata Hackberry, Common Celtis occidentalis Hackberry, Dwarf or Georgia Celtis tenuifolia Hawthorn, Arnold’s Crataegus mollis var. arnoldiana Hawthorn, Black Crataegus douglasii Hawthorn, Cockspur Crataegus crus-galli Hawthorn, Dotted Crataegus punctata Hawthorn, Douglas Crataegus douglasii Hawthorn, Downy Crataegus mollis Hawthorn, Frosted Crataegus pruinosa Hawthorn, Green Crataegus viridis Hawthorn, Oneseed Crataegus monogyra Hawthorn, Paul’s Scarlet Crataegus laevigata Hawthorn, Pear Crataegus calpodendron Hawthorn, Russian Crataegus pinnatifida Hawthorn, Washington Cragaegus phaenopyrum Hazelnut, American Corylus americana Hemlock, Carolina Tsuga caroliniana Hemlock, Eastern Tsuga canadensis Hickory, Bitternut Carya cordiformis Hickory, Pignut Carya glabra Hickory, Shagbark Carya ovata Hickory, Shellbark Carya laciniosa Highbush-Cranberry Viburnum opulus or V. trilobum Hobblebush Viburnum alnifolium Holly, American Ilex opaca Holly, Michigan Ilex verticillata Holly, Mountain Nemopanthus mucronatus Honey-Locust Gleditsia triacanthos Honey-Locust, Thornless Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis Hop-hornbeam, Eastern Ostrya virginiana Hop-tree Ptelea trifoliata Hornbeam, American Carpinus caroliniana Horse-Chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum Horse-Chestnut, Red Aesculus ×carnea Indigo, False Amorpha fruticosa Ironwood Ostrya virginiana Juniper, Common Juniperus communis Juniper, Ground Juniperus communis var. depressa Katsuratree Cercidiphyllum japonicum Larch, European Larix decidua Lilac Syringa vulgaris Lilac, Japanese Syringa reticulata Linden, European Tilia cordata (Continued) 134 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45

TABLE 4. Continued Common Name Genus/species Linden, Kaiser Tilia ×europea ‘Pallida’ Linden, Silver Tilia tomentosa Locust, Black Robinia pseudoacacia Locust, Honey Gleditsia triacanthos Locust, Pink Idaho Robinia ×ambigua Locust, Thornless Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis Magnolia, Anise Magnolia salicifolia Magnolia, Cucumber Magnolia acuminata Magnolia, Loebner Magnolia ×loebneri Magnolia, Merrill Magnolia ×loebneri cv Merrill Magnolia, Saucer Magnolia ×soulangeana Magnolia, Star Magnolia stellata cv Royal Star Magnolia, Umbrella Magnolia tripetala Maple, Amur Acer ginnala Maple, Black Acer nigrum Maple, Hedge Acer campestre Maple, Kurozi-Itaya Acer mayrii Maple, Manchurian Acer mandchuricum Maple, Mountain Acer spicatum Maple, Norway Acer platanoides Maple, Paperbark Acer griseum Maple, Red Acer rubrum Maple, Schwedler Acer platanoides var. schwedleri Maple, Silver Acer saccharinum Maple, Striped Acer pensylvanicum Maple, Sugar Acer saccharum Maple, Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus Maple, Trident Acer buergeridanum Mimosa Albizzia julibrissin Mountain-ash, American Sorbus americana Mountain-ash, European Sorbus aucuparia Mountain-ash, Showy Sorbus decora Mulberry, Red Morus rubra Mulberry, White Morus alba Mulberry, Weeping White Morus alba var. pendula Nannyberry Viburnum lentago Oak, Bebb’s Quercus macrocarpa × alba Oak, Bebb’s Quercus ×bebbiana Oak, Black Quercus velutina Oak, Bottom Quercus ×runcinata Oak, Bur Quercus macrocarpa Oak, Chestnut Quercus prinus Oak, Chinkapin Quercus muehlenbergii Oak, Deam Quercus alba × Q. muehlenbergii Oak, Dwarf Chestnut Quercus prinoides Oak, English Quercus robur Oak, Hawkins Quercus rubra × Q. velutina Oak, Jack Quercus bicolor × Q. alba or Q. ×jackiana Oak, Northern Pin Quercus ellipsoidalis Oak, Pin Quercus palustris Oak, Post Quercus stellata Oak, Red/Northern Quercus rubra Oak, Sawtooth Quercus acutissima (Continued) 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 135

TABLE 4. Continued Common Name Genus/species Oak, Scarlet Quercus coccinea Oak, Schuette Quercus ×schuettii Oak, Shingle Quercus imbricaria Oak, Shumard or Southern Red Quercus shumardii Oak, Swamp White Quercus bicolor Oak, Turkey Quercus cerris Oak, White Quercus alba Osage-Orange Maclura pomifera Pagodatree, Japanese Sophora japonica Pawpaw Asimina triloba Pear, Callery ‘Autumn Blaze’ Pyrus calleryana ‘Autumn Blaze’ Pear, Common Pyrus communis Pecan Carya illinoensis Persimmon Diospyros virginiana Pine, Austrian (or Black) Pinus nigra Pine, Bristlecone Pinus aristata Pine, Eastern White Pinus strobus Pine, Giant Mugo Pinus uncinata Pine, Himalayan Pinus wallichiana Pine, Jack Pinus banksiana Pine, Japanese Red Pinus densiflora Pine, Japanese Umbrella Pinus densiflora var. umbraculifera Pine, Japanese White Pinus parviflora var. glauca Pine, Jeffrey Pinus jeffreyi Pine, Limber Pinus flexilis Pine, Lodge-pole Pinus contorta var. latifolia Pine, Macedonian Pinus puece Pine, Mugo Pinus mugo Pine, Pacific Ponderosa Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa Pine, Pitch Pinus rigida Pine, Ponderosa Pinus ponderosa Pine, Red Pinus resinosa Pine, Scotch Pinus sylvestris Pine, SW White Pinus strobiformis Pine, Swiss Stone Pinus cembra Pine, Virginia Pinus virginiana Planetree, London Platanus ×acerifolia Plum, American Prunus americana Poplar, Balsam Populus balsamifera Poplar, Lombardy Populus nigra var. italica Poplar, White Populus alba Prickly-Ash Zanthoxylum americanum Red-Cedar, Eastern Juniperus virginiana Red-Cedar, Burk Juniperus virginiana var. burki Redbud, Eastern Cercis canadensis Redbud, Eastern White Cercis canadensis f. alba Redwood, Dawn Metasequoia glyptostroboides Russian-Olive Elaeagnus angustifolia Sassafras Sassafras albidum Sequoia, Giant Sequoiadendron giganteum Serviceberry, Downy Amelanchier arborea Serviceberry, Roundleaf Amelanchier sanguinea Serviceberry, Allegheny Amelanchier laevis (Continued) 136 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45

TABLE 4. Continued Common Name Genus/species Smoketree Cotinus coggygria Smoketree, American Cotinus obovatus Sour-gum Nyssa sylvatica Spicebush Lindera benzoin Spindle Tree Euonymus europaea Spruce, Black Picea mariana Spruce, Colorado Blue Picea pungens Spruce, Norway Picea abies Spruce, Serbian Picea omorika Spruce, Spartan Picea glauca × Picea pungens Spruce, White Picea glauca Sumac, Poison Toxicodendron vernix Sumac, Shining Rhus copallina Sumac, Smooth Rhus glabra Sumac, Staghorn Rhus typhina Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua Sycamore Platanus occidentalis Tamarack, Eastern Larix laricina Tree-Of-Heaven Ailanthus altissima Tulip-tree/Poplar, Yellow Liriodendron tulipifera Tupelo Nyssa sylvatica Viburnum or Hobblebush Viburnum alnifolium Viburnum, Double-file Viburnum plicatum var. tomentosum Viburnum, Fragrant Viburnum ×carlcephalum Walnut, Black Juglans nigra Walnut, English Juglans regia White-cedar, Northern Thuja occidentalis Willow, Autumn Salix serissima Willow, Balsam Salix pyrifolia Willow, Bebb’s Salix bebbiana Willow, Black Salix nigra Willow, Crack Salix fragilis Willow, Golden Salix alba var. tristis Willow, Meadow Salix petiolaris Willow, Peachleaf Salix amygdaloides Willow, Pussy Salix discolor Willow, Sandbar Salix exigua Willow, Weeping Salix babylonica Willow, White Salix alba Witch-Hazel Hamamelis virginiana Yellow Poplar Liriodendron tulipifera Yellow-wood Cladrastis kentukea or C. lutea Yew, Halloran Taxus media ‘Halloran’ Zelkova, Japanese Zelkova serrata

ion as to whether the varieties of a species should be recognized as separate species. Unfortunately, both of these types of problems occur in our most com- mon trees, oaks and maples. Where more than one champion tree of a given species is listed, it is likely due to the designation of co-champions or situations where the state and one- time national champions are different trees. There are also cases where only the 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 137 girth is known for recently discovered trees. In these cases the current or past champions, for which complete data are known, are also listed. Finally, in other cases, large individuals of a particular species of tree are listed because they likely represent the upcoming state or national champions (should current cham- pions die) and should be monitored. 1 The measurements in Table 2 are given as inches at 4 ⁄2 feet above the ground for girth and as feet for height and average crown spread. In most cases these measurements were made in accordance with the specifications given above. Pe- riodically, when a tree is re-measured it is found to have a lesser height or aver- age crown spread. This is usually due to a loss of branches caused by a storm since the earlier measurements were made. The date of the most recent measure- ment is given in the last column of Table 2. Some of these trees haven’t been re- measured in many years. All interested parties are urged to join the search for them and to report their current measurements. The Town column of Table 2 may indicate the city in which a tree or shrub exists or, where more useful, the name of the township. For some entries, a state park may be listed or the name of a lake or other recognized area if it is likely to be helpful in finding the location. The location column provides the best information available in the state’s big tree records. In many cases it is both exact and accurate, e.g. a street address or intersection. In other cases, the information is more vague, e.g. near Sleeping Bear Dunes. In some cases hand drawn maps are available in the files. The observer(s) column in Table 2 lists over 160 people who have been di- rectly involved over the years in reporting on the trees and shrubs of Michigan. Many more have probably been involved but their names are lost. Among this large group of people, ten stand out as being frequent contributors. In addition to the author of this paper, they are Stu Bassett, Robert Bloye, Jeff Boddy, Joe Kaplan, Gail McPherson, H. J .Neff, Richard Pomorski , John Spencer and, of course, Paul Thompson. Without the steadfast and long- term involvement of these ten, there would be no Big Tree and Shrub Program in Michigan. The Michigan Botanical Club owes them a profound debt of gratitude. Table 3 (alphabetical list of abbreviations), 4 (common names) and 5 (county lists) are included here to serve various interests. Table 3 should be helpful to readers not familiar with some of the abbreviations used in table 2. Table 4 should be useful to those who rely on common names more than technical botan- ical names. The common names are listed in reverse order, e.g. Oak, Bebb’s rather than Bebb’s Oak to keep all the oaks together, the Norway Maple with the other maples, etc. Table 5 is included for the convenience of those interested in one or more counties. These often include local newspaper writers or editors, magazine writers or editors, those organizing big tree bus or field trips, and local boards, commissions and other political entities. 138 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45

TABLE 5. County List of Michigan’s Big Trees and Shrubs. ALLEGAN Acer nigrum * Maple, Black Acer saccharum Maple, Sugar Alnus rugosa Alder, Speckled Catalpa bignonioides Catalpa, Southern Celtis occidentalis Hackberry, Common Juglans cinerea Butternut Morus alba Mulberry, White Morus alba var. pendula Mulberry, Weeping White Quercus alba Oak, White Quercus rubra Oak, Red/Northern Sassafras albidum Sassafras

ANTRIM Aesculus hippocastanum Horse-Chestnut Fraxinus americana Ash, White Juglans nigra Walnut, Black Prunus armeniaca Apricot

BARRY Amelanchier arborea Serviceberry, Downy

BAY Quercus bicolor Oak, Swamp White

BENZIE Cornus stolonifera Dogwood, Red Osier Populus grandidentata Aspen, Bigtooth Quercus robur Oak, English Salix amygdaloides Willow, Peachleaf Tsuga canadensis Hemlock, Eastern

BERRIEN Acer saccharinum Maple, Silver Cercis canadensis Redbud, Eastern Liriodendron tulipifera Tuliptree/Poplar, Yellow Maclura pomifera Osage-orange Magnolia acuminata Magnolia, Cucumber Magnolia ×soulangeana Magnolia, Saucer Morus rubra Mulberry, Red Platanus occidentalis Sycamore Quercus macrocarpa Oak, Bur Quercus prinoides Oak, Dwarf Chestnut Rhus copallina Sumac, Shining Sassafras albidum Sassafras Taxodium distichum Baldcypress

BRANCH Aesculus glabra Buckeye, Ohio Celtis occidentalis Hackberry, Common Larix decidua Larch, European Liriodendron tulipifera Tuliptree/ Yellow Poplar Prunus cerasus Cherry, Common Sour (Continued)

*indicates current or former National Champions. Bold face indicates State Champions. 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 139

TABLE 5. Continued Quercus alba Oak, White Quercus ×runcinata Oak, Bottom

CALHOUN Abies concolor Fir, White Abies veitchii Fir, Veitch Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum Pinus flexilis Pine, Limber Prunus cerasus * Cherry, Common Sour Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas-Fir Quercus acutissima Oak, Sawtooth Quercus imbricaria Oak, Shingle Quercus rubra Oak, Red/Northern Quercus velutina Oak, Black Tilia cordata Linden, European

CASS Carya cordiformis Hickory, Bitternut Fraxinus pennsylvanica* Ash,Green Nyssa sylvatica Tupelo Phellodendron amurense Corktree, Amur Quercus velutina Oak, Black Rhus typhina Sumac, Staghorn Sassafras albidum Sassafras Ulmus thomasii* Elm, Rock

CHARLEVOIX Ostrya virginiana Ironwood, E. Hophornbeam Populus alba * Poplar, White Ulmus americana Elm, American

CHEBOYGAN Betula papyrifera* Birch, Paper Picea glauca Spruce, White Pinus banksiana Pine, Jack

CHIPPEWA Crataegus douglasii Hawthorn, Douglas Populus deltoides Cottonwood, Eastern Populus nigra var. italica Poplar, Lombardy Salix pyrifolia Willow, Balsam

CLARE Ostrya virginiana Ironwood/E Hophornbeam

CLINTON Quercus bicolor Oak, Swamp White

DELTA Acer spicatum Maple, Mountain Populus grandidentata Aspen, Bigtooth

EATON Catalpa speciosa Catalpa, Northern Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian-olive (Continued) 140 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45

TABLE 5. Continued Quercus macrocarpa × Quercus alba Oak, Bebbs Ulmus thomasii Elm, Rock

EMMET Tsuga canadensis Hemlock, Eastern

GENESEE Carya laciniosa Hickory, Shellbark Quercus velutina Oak, Black

GOGEBIC Picea glauca Spruce, White Pinus resinosa* Pine, Red

GRAND TRAVERSE Abies nordmanniana Fir, Nordman Acer platanoides Maple, Norway Acer saccharum Maple, Sugar Castanea dentata Chestnut, American Juniperus virginiana Red-cedar, Eastern Ostrya virginiana * Ironwood Picea abies Spruce, Norway Pinus nigra Pine, Austrian Quercus robur Oak, English Sorbus aucuparia Mountain Ash, European Tilia americana Basswood Ulmus thomasii Elm, Rock

HILLSDALE Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo Juglans cinerea Butternut Quercus coccinea Oak, scarlet Quercus macrocarpa Oak, Bur Rhus glabra Sumac, Smooth Robinia pseudoacacia Locust, Black

HOUGHTON Acer spicatum* Maple, Mountain Amelanchier laevis Serviceberry, Allegheny Sorbus americana Mountain Ash, American Sorbus decora Mountain Ash, Showy

HURON Betula papyrifera* Birch, Paper Salix alba Willow, White

INGHAM Abies concolor Fir, White Abies grandis Fir, Giant Abies holophylla Fir, Manchurian Abies homolepis Fir, Nikko Abies nordmanniana Fir, Nordman Acer buergerianum Maple, Trident Acer campestre Maple, Hedge Acer ginnala Maple, Amur (Continued) 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 141

TABLE 5. Continued Acer griseum Maple, Paperbark Acer mandschuricum Maple, Manchurian Acer mayrii Maple, Kurozi-Itaya Acer platanoides var. schwedleri Maple, Schwedler Acer pseudoplatanus Maple, Sycamore Amelanchier arborea Serviceberry, Downy Betula occidentalis Birch, Western Paper Catalpa speciosa * Catalpa Northern Cercidophyllum japonicum Katsura Cercis canadensis forma alba Redbud, Eastern White Chamaecyparis nootkatensis Alaska-Cedar Chionanthus retusus Fringetree, Chinese Cladrastis kentukea Yellow-wood Cornus florida forma rubra Dogwood, Flowering, Red Cornus kousa var. chinensis Dogwood, Chinese Cornus mas Cornelian Cherry Cotinus coggygria Smoketree, Common Crataegus calpodendron Hawthorn, Pear Crataegus laevigata Hawthorn, Paul’s Scarlet Crataegus mollis var. arnoldiana Hawthorn, Arnold’s Crataegus monogyra Hawthorn, One-seed Crataegus phaenopyrum Hawthorn, Washington Crataegus pinnatifida Hawthorn, Russian Crataegus pruinosa Hawthorn, Frosted Crataegus viridus Hawthorn, Green Cryptomeria japonica Cedar, Japanese Cryptomeria japonica var. lobbii Cedar, Japanese Euonymus europaea Spindle Tree Fagus sylvatica Beech, European Fagus sylvatica cv spatheana Beech, European Spaeth Fagus sylvatica var. laciniata Beech, European Cut-leaf Fagus sylvatica var. pendula Beech, European Weeping Fagus sylvatica var. purpurea Beech, European, Purple Leaf Fraxinus quadrangulata Ash, Blue Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis Honey Locust, Thornless Ilex opaca Holly, American Juniperus virginiana var. burki Red-cedar, Burk Koelreuteria paniculata Goldenrain-Tree Magnolia salicifolia Magnolia, Anise Magnolia stellata cv Royal Star Magnolia, Star Magnolia ×loebneri Magnolia, Loebner Magnolia ×loebneri cv Merrill Magnolia, Merrill Malus ‘Bob White’ Crabapple, Bob White Malus ‘Mary Potter’ Crabapple, Mary Potter Malus floribunda Crabapple, Japanese Flowering Malus fusca Crabapple, Oregon Malus hupehensis Crabapple, Tea Malus sieboldii var. zuni cv calocarpa Crabapple, Redbud Malus × ‘Barbara Ann’ Crabapple, Barbara Ann Malus ×scheideckeri Crabapple, Scheideckeri Metasequoia glyptostroboides Redwood, Dawn Phellodendron amurense Corktree, Amur Picea glauca × Picea pungens Spruce, Spartan Picea omorika Spruce, Serbian (Continued) 142 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45

TABLE 5. Continued Picea pungens Spruce, Colorado Blue Pinus aristata Pine, Bristlecone Pinus cembra Pine, Swiss Stone Pinus contorta var. latifolia Pine, Lodge-pole Pinus densiflora Pine, Japanese Red Pinus densiflora var. umbraculifera Pine, Japanese Umbrella Pinus flexilis Pine, Limber Pinus jeffreyi Pine, Jeffrey Pinus mugo Pine, Mugo Pinus nigra Pine, Austrian Pinus parviflora var. glauca Pine, Japanese White Pinus peuce Pine, Macedonian Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa Pine, Pacific Ponderosa Pinus rigida Pine, Pitch Pinus strobiformis Pine, SW White Pinus uncinata Pine, Giant Mugo Pinus virginiana Pine, Virginia Pinus wallichiana Pine, Himalayan Platanus occidentalis Sycamore Platanus ×acerifolia Planetree, London Prunus avium Cherry, Sweet Prunus avium ‘plena’ Cherry, Double Sweet Prunus serrulata ‘Shirotae’ Cherry, Oriental Snow White Prunus virginiana Cherry, Choke Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca Douglas-Fir, Rocky Mountain Pyrus calleryana ‘Autumn Blaze’ Pear, Callery ‘Autumn Blaze’ Quercus cerris Oak, Turkey Quercus prinus Oak, Chestnut Quercus robur Oak, English Quercus stellata Oak, Post Rhamnus cathartica Buckthorn, European Sophora japonica Pagoda, Japanese Taxus media ‘Halloran’ Yew, ‘Halloran’ Tetradium danielli Euodia, Korean Thuja orientalis Arborvitae, Oriental Tilia americana Basswood Tilia tomentosa Linden, Silver Tilia ×europea ‘Pallida’ Linden, Kaiser Ulmus glabra Elm, Wych Ulmus minor Elm, Smooth-Leaved Ulmus minor var vulgaris Elm, English Ulmus parvifolia Elm, Chinese Ulmus rubra Elm, Slippery Ulmus thomasii Elm, Rock Ulmus ×hollandica Elm, Klemmer Dutch Viburnum plicatum var. tomentosum Viburnum, Double File Viburnum ×carlcephalum Viburnum, Fragrant Zelkova serrata Zelkova, Japanese

IONIA Abies concolor Fir, White Catalpa speciosa Catalpa, Northern Juniperus virginiana Red-Cedar, Eastern Maclura pomifera Osage-orange Quercus alba Oak, White Quercus bicolor Oak, Swamp White (Continued) 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 143

TABLE 5. Continued IRON Pinus banksiana Pine, Jack

ISABELLA Picea mariana Spruce, Black

JACKSON Acer campestre Maple, Hedge Acer saccharinum Maple, Silver Betula ×purpusii Birch, Hybrid Carya glabra Hickory, Pignut Catalpa speciosa Catalpa, Northern Cotinus obovatus Smoketree, American Fagus sylvatica var. atropunicea Beech, Copper Magnolia acuminata Magnolia, Cucumber Magnolia tripetala Magnolia, Umbrella Picea abies Spruce, Norway Prunus serotina Cherry, Wild Black Quercus coccinea Oak, Scarlet Quercus prinus Oak, Chestnut Quercus rubra × Quercus velutina Oak, Hawkins Robinia pseudoacacia Locust, Black Sassafras albidum Sassafras Tilia platyphylla Basswood, Large-leaved

KALAMAZOO Acer campestre Maple, Hedge Acer saccharinum Maple, Silver Aesculus octandra Buckeye, Yellow Aesculus pavia Buckeye, Red Aesculus ×carnea Horse-Chestnut, Red Albizzia julibrissin Mimosa Betula nigra Birch, River Carya glabra Hickory, Pignut Carya illinoensis Pecan Castanea mollissima Chestnut, Chinese Chamaecyparis obtusa False Cypress, Hinoki Fagus grandifolia var. pendula Beech, American Weeping Fagus sylvatica Beech, European Fagus sylvatica var. atropunicea Beech, Copper Fagus sylvatica var. laciniata Beech, European Cutleaf Fagus sylvatica var. pendula Beech, European Weeping Fagus sylvatica var. tricolor Beech, Tricolor Juglans nigra Walnut, Black Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum Liriodendron tulipifera Tuliptree/Poplar, Yellow Maclura pomifera Osage-orange Morus alba Mulberry, White Picea abies Spruce, Norway Pinus nigra Pine, Austrian Pinus ponderosa Pine, Pondorosa Platanus occidentalis Sycamore Platanus ×acerifolia Planetree, London Prunus pensylvanica Cherry, Pin Prunus serotina Cherry, Wild Black (Continued) 144 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45

TABLE 5. Continued Quercus coccinea Oak , Scarlet Quercus macrocarpa × Quercus alba Oak, Bebbs Quercus palustris Oak, Pin Quercus rubra Oak, Red/Northern Rhamnus cathartica Buckthorn, European Rhus copallina * Sumac, Shining Syringa reticulata Lilac, Japanese Taxodium distichum var. distichum Bald Cypress Ulmus ×vegeta Elm, Camperdown

KENT Castanea dentata Chestnut , American Catalpa bignonioides Catalpa, Southern Diospyros virginiana Persimmon Juglans cinerea Butternut Prunus virginiana Cherry, Choke Ptelea trifoliata * Hoptree, Common Salix babylonica Willow, Weeping

KEWEENAW Amelanchier sanguinea Serviceberry, Roundleaf Betula allegheniensis Birch, Yellow Pinus strobus Pine, Eastern White Sambucus pubens Elderberry, Red

LAKE Larix laricina Tamarack, Eastern

LAPEER Quercus macrocarpa Oak, Bur

LEELANAU Acer platanoides Maple, Norway Acer saccharum Maple, Sugar Acer spicatum Maple, Mountain Amelanchier laevis Serviceberry, Allegheny Betula papyrifera var. cordifolia * Birch, Mountain Paper Betula pendula Birch, European White Fagus sylvatica var. atropunicea Beech, Copper Fraxinus americana Ash, White Juniperus communis var. depressa Juniper Ground Nemopanthus mucronatus Holly, Mountain Populus tremuloides Aspen, Quaking Prunus armeniaca Apricot Prunus pensylvanica Cherry, Pin Salix amygdaloides Willow, Peachleaf Salix bebbiana Willow, Bebbs Salix discolor Willow, Pussy Salix petiolaris * Willow, Meadow Sambucus canadensis Elderberry, Common Sorbus americana Mountain Ash, American Thuja occidentalis * Cedar, White or ArborVitae Tilia americana Basswood (Continued) 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 145

TABLE 5. Continued LENAWEE Catalpa bignonioides Catalpa, Southern Cornus alternifolia Dogwood, Alternate Leaf Euonymus alata Euonymus, Winged Fagus grandifolia Beech, American Fraxinus nigra * Ash, Black Fraxinus quadrangulata Ash, Blue Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis * Locust, Thornless Gymnocladus dioicus Coffeetree, Kentucky Juglans nigra Walnut, Black Larix decidua Larch, European Magnolia acuminata Magnolia, Cucumber Morus alba Mulberry, White Pinus nigra Pine, Austrian Pinus sylvestris Pine, Scotch Platanus occidentalis Sycamore Quercus macrocarpa Oak, Bur Salix alba Willow, White Sorbus aucuparia Mountain Ash, European Zanthoxylum americanum Prickly-Ash

LIVINGSTON Acer negundo Box Elder Fraxinus americana Ash, White Prunus cerasus Cherry, Common Sour Quercus bicolor × Quercus alba (Q. jackiana) Oak, Jack Quercus coccinea Oak, Scarlet Salix babylonica * Willow, Weeping Ulmus pumila Elm, Siberian

LUCE Abies balsamea Fir, Balsam Acer saccharinum * Maple, Silver Pinus resinosa Pine, Red

MACKINAC Abies balsamea Fir, Balsam Acer pensylvanicum Maple, Striped Betula allegheniensis Birch, Yellow Sambucus pubens Elderberry, Red Sorbus decora * Mountain Ash, Showy Syringa vulgaris Lilac Ulmus ×vegeta Elm, Camperdown

MACOMB Acer nigrum Maple, Black Acer rubrum Maple, Red Aesculus hippocastanum Horse-Chestnut Gymnocladus dioicus Coffeetree, Kentucky Ilex opaca Holly, American Juglans nigra Walnut, Black Nyssa sylvatica Tupelo Populus alba Poplar, White (Continued) 146 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45

TABLE 5. Continued Quercus velutina Oak, Black Salix amygdaloides Willow, Peachleaf Salix exigua Willow, Sandbar Salix fragilis * Willow, Crack Staphylea trifoliata Bladdernut, American Ulmus glabra Elm, Wych

MANISTEE Acer pseudoplatanus Maple, Sycamore Acer saccharum Maple, Sugar Castanea dentata Chestnut, American Fagus grandifolia Beech, American Fagus sylvatica var. heterophylla Beech, Fernleaved Metasequoia glyptostroboides Redwood, Dawn Sequoiadendron giganteum Sequoia, Giant

MARQUETTE Abies balsamea Fir, Balsam Acer pensylvanicum Maple, Striped Pinus banksiana Pine, Jack Pinus strobus Pine, Eastern White Populus balsamifera * Poplar, Balsam Populus grandidentata * Aspen, Bigtooth Populus nigra var. italica Poplar, Lombardy

MASON Acer saccharum Maple, Sugar Juglans regia Walnut, English

MENOMINEE Populus balsamifera Poplar, Balsam

MONROE Carya glabra Hickory Pignut Celtis occidentalis Hackberry, Common Cladrastis kentukea Yellow-wood Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo Sophora japonica Pagoda, Japanese

MONTCALM Acer saccharinum Maple, Silver Quercus bicolor Oak, Swamp White

MONTMORENCY Picea glauca Spruce, White

MUSKEGON Hamamelis virginiana Witch-hazel

OAKLAND Abies concolor Fir, White Acer nigrum Maple, Black Acer saccharinum Maple, Silver Amelanchier arborea Serviceberry, Downy Amelanchier sanguinea Serviceberry, Roundleaf (Continued) 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 147

TABLE 5. Continued Aralia spinosa Devil’s Walking Stick Aronia melanocarpa Chokeberry Carpinus caroliana Hornbeam, American Carya glabra Hickory, Pignut Carya ovata Hickory, Shagbark Catalpa speciosa Catalpa, Northern Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush Cercis canadensis Redbud, Eastern Chionanthus virginicus Fringe Tree Cladrastis kentukea Yellow-wood Cornus alternifolia Dogwood, Alternate leaved Cornus purpusii Dogwood, Silky Cornus racemosa Dogwood, Gray Corylus americana Hazelnut Cotinus coggygria Smoketree. Common Crataegus mollis Hawthorn, Downy Crataegus phaenopyrum Hawthorn, Washington Crataegus punctata Hawthorn, Dotted Cryptomeria japonica var. lobbii Cedar, Japanese Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian-olive Euonymus atropurpurea Burning Bush Fagus sylvatica Beech, European Fagus sylvatica var. pendula Beech, European Weeping Fraxinus pensylvanica Ash, Green Hamamelis virginiana Witch-Hazel Juglans nigra Walnut, Black Juniperus virginiana Red-Cedar, Eastern Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum Malus ioensis * Crab, Prairie Malus pumila Apple, Common Malus sylvestris Apple Common Metasequoia glyptostroboides Redwood, Dawn Nemopanthus mucronatus * Holly, Mountain Picea abies Spruce, Norway Picea pungens Spruce, Colorado Blue Prunus americana Plum, American Prunus armeniaca Apricot Prunus avium Cherry, Sweet Pyrus communis Pear, Common Quercus bicolor × Quercus alba (Q. jackiana) Oak, Jack Quercus ellipsoidalis Oak, Northern Pin Quercus macrocarpa Oak, Bur Quercus macrocarpa × Quercus alba Oak, Bebbs Quercus muehlenbergii Oak, Chinkapin Quercus schuettii Oak, Schuette Rhamnus frangula * Buckthorn, Glossy Rhus typhina Sumac, Staghorn Salix alba var. tristis Willow, Golden Salix fragilis * Willow, Crack Salix serissima * Willow, Autumn Sambucus canadensis Elderberry, Common Sophora japonica Pagoda, Japanese Thuja occidentalis Cedar, white or Arbor Vitae Toxicodendron vernix Sumac. Poison (Continued) 148 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45

TABLE 5. Continued Tsuga caroliniana Hemlock, Carolina Ulmus americana Elm, American Ulmus pumila Elm, Siberian Ulmus rubra Elm, Slippery Viburnum lentago * Nannyberry Viburnum prunifolium Black Haw Viburnum trilobum or V. opulus * Highbush – Cranberry Zanthoxylum americanum* Prickly-Ash

OCEANA Carya cordiformis Hickory, Bitternut Juglans nigra Walnut, Black Larix larcina Tamarack, Eastern

ONTONAGAN Abies balsamea Fir, Balsam Betula allegheniensis Birch, Yellow Fraxinus nigra Ash, Black Pinus resinosa Pine, Red Pinus strobus * Pine, Eastern White Populus tremuloides * Aspen, Quaking Tsuga canadensis Hemlock, Eastern Ulmus rubra Elm, Slippery

OSCEOLA Acer saccharum Maple, Sugar Thuja occidentalis Cedar, White or Arbor Vitae

OTTAWA Alnus rugosa Alder, Speckled Cornus florida Dogwood, Flowering Fagus grandifolia Beech, American Picea abies Spruce, Norway Prunus serotina Cherry, Wild Black Quercus coccinea Oak, Scarlet Ulmus pumila Elm, Siberian

SAGINAW Pinus ponderosa Pine, Ponderosa

SANILAC Aesculus glabra Buckeye, Ohio Fagus sylvatica var. atropunicea Beech, Copper Fraxinus americana Ash, White Juglans cinerea Butternut

SCHOOLCRAFT Betula papyrifera Birch, Paper Populus nigra var. italica Poplar, Lombardy

SHIAWASEE Carya cordiformis Hickory, Bitternut Morus rubra Mulberry. Red Quercus muehlenbergii Oak, Chinkapin Salix discolor Willow, Pussy (Continued) 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 149

TABLE 5. Continued ST. CLAIR Acer rubrum Maple, Red Aesculus hippocastanum Horse-Chestnut Ailanthus altissima Tree-of-Heaven Alnus rugosa * Alder, Speckled Gleditsia triacanthos Locust, Honey Quercus macrocarpa Oak, Bur Quercus velutina Oak, Black Robinia ×ambigua Locust, Pink Idaho

ST. JOSEPH Cornus florida Dogwood, Flowering

VAN BUREN Asimina triloba Pawpaw Betula nigra Birch, River Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush Gymnocladus dioicus Coffeetree, Kentucky Ilex verticillata Holly, Michigan Maclura pomifera Orange, Osage Prunus serotina * Cherry, Wild Black Quercus rubra Oak, Red/Northern Taxodium distichum var distichum Bald Cypress Ulmus pumila Elm, Siberian

WASHTENAW Acer ginnala Maple, Amur Acer griseum Maple, Paperbark Acer negundo * Box Elder Acer saccharinum Maple Silver Ailanthus altissima Tree-of-Heaven Alnus glutinosa Alder, Black Amorpha fruticosa Indigo, Blue Betula nigra Birch, River Carya illinoensis Pecan Carya ovata Hickory, Shagbark Cedrus lebani Cedar of Lebanon Celtis tenuifolia * Hackberry, Dwarf or Georgia Cercidophyllum japonica Katsuratree Cercis canadensis Redbud, Eastern Chionanthus virginicus Fringe Tree Cladrastis kentukea Yellow-wood Corylus americana Hazelnut Diospyros virginiana Persimmon Euonymus atropurpurea Burning Bush Gleditsia triacanthos Locust, Honey Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis Locust, Thornless Juglans regia Walnut, English Juniperus communis * Juniper, Common Magnolia ×soulangeana Magnolia, Saucer Prunus serotina Cherry, Wild Black Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas-Fir Quercus alba Oak, White Quercus alba × Q. muehlenbergii Oak, Deam Quercus macrocarpa Oak, Bur (Continued) 150 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45

TABLE 5. Continued Quercus muehlenbergii Oak, Chinkapin Quercus ×runcinata Oak, Bottom Rhamnus cathartica * Buckthorn, European Rhamnus frangula Buckthorn, Glossy Salix discolor Willow, Pussy Salix nigra Willow, Black Ulmus americana Elm, American Ulmus parvifolia Elm, Chinese Ulmus procera Elm, English

WAYNE Abies fraseri Fir, Fraser Abies homolepis Fir, Nikko Acer platanoides Maple, Norway Aesculus hippocastanum Horse-Chestnut Alnus glutinosa Alder, Black Betula nigra Birch, River Celtis occidentalis Hackberry, Common Cercis canadensis Redbud, Eastern Cornus racemosa Dogwood, Gray Crataegus crus-galli Hawthorn, Cockspur Crataegus mollis * Hawthorn, Downy Crataegus monogyra Hawthorn, Oneseed Crataegus sp. Hawthorn Euonymus atropurpurea * Burning Bush Euonymus europaea Spindle Tree Fagus sylvatica var. laciniata Beech, European Cut-Leaf Fraxinus pensylvanica Ash , Green Fraxinus profunda Ash, Pumpkin Gleditsia triacanthos Locust, Honey Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis Locust, Thornless Lindera benzoin Spicebush Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum Liriodendron tulipifera Tuliptree/Poplar, Yellow Maclura pomifera Osage-orange Magnolia acuminata Magnolia, Cucumber Malus augustifolia Apple, Southern Crab Malus coronaria Apple, Crab Malus ioensis Crab, Prairie Nyssa sylvatica Tupelo Populus alba Poplar, White Populus deltoides Cottonwood, Eastern Prunus avium Cherry, Sweet Prunus virginiana Cherry, Choke Quercus bicolor Oak, Swamp White Quercus palustris Oak, Pin Quercus prinus Oak, Chestnut Quercus robur Oak, English Quercus rubra Oak, Red/Northern Quercus shumardii Oak, Shumard; Southern Red Rhus copallina Sumac, Shining Robinia pseudoacacia Locust, Black Salix alba Willow, White Salix exigua Willow, Sandbar (Continued) 2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 151

TABLE 5. Continued Salix nigra Willow, Black Staphylea trifoliata Bladdernut, American Ulmus americana Elm, American Ulmus glabra Elm, Wych Ulmus pumila Elm, Siberian Ulmus serotina Elm, September Viburnum alnifolium Hobble-bush Viburnum lentago Nannyberry Viburnum trilobum or V. opulus * Highbush-Cranberry Zanthoxylum americanum Prickly-Ash

WEXFORD Picea pungens Spruce, Colorado Blue

IMPROVING THE LISTS

The three greatest ways in which the current lists can be improved are: 1) de- termining if a listed tree or shrub still exists, 2) obtaining exact and accurate in- formation on the location of each tree or shrub listed and 3) obtaining up to date measurements. It is hoped that users of the list will continue to supply such in- formation to the State’s Big Tree Coordinator and that each succeeding version of these lists will be better than the last.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Several Western Michigan University students helped with the development of “The Michigan Big Tree and Shrub Inventory.” In recent years the computer expertise of Mrs. Sarah Williams in up- dating the big tree and shrub database is particularly appreciated. The continuous help of my wife, Nancy, in preparation of the manuscript made this paper possible. The help of the Hanes Fund in supporting the state’s big tree and shrub work is gratefully acknowledged.

LITERATURE CITED Barnes, B.V. & W.H. Wagner. 1981. Michigan Trees. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. viii + 383 pp. Barnes, B.V. & W.H. Wagner. 2004. Michigan Trees: Revised and Updated. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. x + 447 pp. Dirr, M.A. 1983. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants. Stipes Publ. Co., Champaign, Illinois. i + 826 pp. Ehrle, E.B. 1997. The Champion Trees and Shrubs of Michigan. The Michigan Botanist 36: (1) 3–29. Ehrle, E.B. 2003. The Champion Trees and Shrubs of Michigan. The Michigan Botanist 42: (1) 3–46. Gleason, H.A. and A.R. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, Second edition. New York Botanical Garden, New York. lxxv + 910 pp. Rehder, A. 1951. Manual of Cultivated Trees and Shrubs. The Macmillan Co., New York. xxx + 996 pp. Thompson, P. W. 1975. Champion Trees of Michigan. The Michigan Botanist 14: 167–174. Thompson, P.W. 1986. Champion Trees of Michigan. The Michigan Botanist 25: 112–120. Voss, E.G. 1972. Michigan Flora: Part I. Gymnosperms and Monocots. Bulletin of the Cranbrook In- stitute of Science No. 55 and University of Michigan Herbarium. xv + 488 pp. 152 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 45

Voss, E.G. 1985. Michigan Flora: Part II. Dicots (Saururaceae-Cornaceae). Bull. Cranbrook Insti- tute of Science No. 59 and University of Michigan Herbarium. xix + 724 pp. Voss, E.G. 1996. Michigan Flora: Part III. Dicots (Pyrolaceae-Compositae). Bull. Cranbrook Insti- tute of Science No. 61 and University of Michigan Herbarium. xix + 622 pp.