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Identification of Mulberry Pests and Its Natural Enemies at “Rumah Sutera Alam” Ciapus, West Java

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Identification of Mulberry Pests and Its Natural Enemies at “Rumah Sutera Alam” Ciapus, West Java Akta Agrosia. 2021. 24(1):9 - 18 9 Akta Agrosia Identification of Mulberry Pests and Its Natural Enemies at “Rumah Sutera Alam” Ciapus, West Java * Adrian Triandi , Nadzirum Mubin, Lia Nurulalia Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University Wing 7 Level 5 Kamper St. Dramaga Babakan Bogor 16680. INDONESIA ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO Mulberry plant (Morus alba) has an important social and economic contribution, which grown mainly for feeding silk worm (Bombyx mori), Keywords: whose silk is used for crafting Indonesia traditional clothes. Cultivation IPM of mulberry crops, harveste dfor its leaves and fruit, ideally by Morus alba Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is necessary so that mulberry plants natural enemies grow ideally and leaves have high quality and quantity without pest becoming a source of inoculum for pests and diseases of silkworm trapping maintenance. Mulberry cultivation is generally carried out without using Article history: pesticide input so it is interesting in monitoring pests and natural Received: Dec 03, 2020 enemies in the mulberry ecosystem. The research was conducted on two Accepted: Jun 04, 2021 varieties of mulberry plants, namely Morus alba var. Kanva-2 and Morus cathayana in the same agroecosystem. Observation of pests and *Corresponding author: natural enemies was carried out using yellow sticky traps (YST) and E-mail: [email protected] pitfall traps (PFT). The orders and families found in the two varieties showed acroceridae family of 37.81% in the YST and hypogastruridae family with a value of 83.76% in the PFT observation INTRODUCTION Morus spp. including economic value because they produce large amounts of high-quality Mulberry (Morus spp.) is a plant that has leaves, namely M. alba, M. multicaulis (good important socio-economic value in Asia, quality without fertilization but with coarse especially Central and East Asia. Mulberry leaves), and M. nigra (black mulberry). The cultivation practices are related to many development of a new type of mulberry that is industries, including food (fruit), medicine often cultivated by farmers are M. cathayana, (polyphenol and antioxidative flavonoid M. alba var. Kanva 2, and M. lembang. compounds), and the use of leaves as silkworm Regarding those varieties, several varieties feed-in sericulture practices. However, have economically importance namely mulberry crop is grown mainly for feeding the cathayana and Kanva-2. silkworm, Bombyx mori, to produce silk yarn. The challenges faced by silkworm farmers The silk worm, eating the mulberry leaves, are the lack of availability to good mulberry converts the leaf protein to silk protein (Ghosh leaves or the decreased productivity of et. al. 2017). mulberry due to pests and disease The varieties played important values in the (Prayudyaningsih 2006). There are at least 6 ISSN: 1410-3354 / e-ISSN:2615-7136 Cited this as: Triandi, A., N. Mubin and L. Nurulalia. 2021. Identification of mulberry pests and its natural enemies at “Rumah Sutera Alam” Ciapus, West Java. Akta Agrosia 24(1):9-18 . 10 Akta Agrosia, 2021, 24(1): 9– 18 types of pests that are of concern in the Sampling Techniques cultivation of mulberry plants in Indonesia. In Sample was taken weekly for a month by a general, pests attack all parts of the plant, survey, using the Yellow Sticky Trap (YST) including leaves, stems, and roots. The and Pitfall Trap (PFT), done in 2 different negative impact of pest attacks is a decrease in mulberry plant varieties (Morus cathayana and the production and quality of mulberry leaves, M. alba Var. Kanva-2). The author determines in this case, water and protein content, so it is sample plants or samples by making a diagonal not good for use as caterpillar feed map of the observation area. For each plant that (Prayudyaningsih 2006). Mulberry is is passed by a diagonal point, YST and PFTs vulnerable to attack by a variety of pests which are performed. The YST size used is 20 cm x causes an abrupt decline in leaf yield and a 25 cm. The PFT used was a 90 mL volume cup degradation of its appearance. Feeding certain filled with soapy water.Both of these sampling leaves to silkworm results in detrimental techniques are aimed at obtaining insects that effects on the yield of coconut and the have flying characteristics and are around the consistency of the silk. While mulberry is canopy of the plantations (YST), while the PFT home to hundreds of insect species, including is aimed at getting insects that cross and are active in Pyralidae, mulberry thrips, Thripidae, pink the roots and soil around the mulberry plantations. mealybug, Pseudococcidae, Pseudoccidae on The author uses the yellow sticky trap (YST) papaya, and Aleyrodidae cause significant because in general arthropods and other flying disruption and crop damages, while the insects are attracted to yellow. Yellow sticky majority of them live in mild or secondary pest traps were effective in attracting and trapping a status below the level of economic harm. large number of adult whiteflies (Bandyopadhyay et The loss of yield due to pest attacks on al. 2004) as the main pest of mulberry plants. mulberry cultivation is definitely high, In a comparative efficacy study, the yellow considering the low use of pesticides (insecticides) sticky traps alone could suppress 32% of the in the crop, since the leaves can still be used populations within 28 days of installation. (harvested 2-3 times a day as feed for Some literature noted that YST is not silkworms (Bombyx mori). Yield losses substantially different in the monitoring (leaves) from pests ranged from 20.05 % process for other essential mulberry pests. (41.36 grams per plant) to 94.34 % (each plant Monitoring and controlling of Cotarina sp. or leaf was invaded by pests) (Prayudyaningsih generally referred to as mulberry fruit gal- 2006). Pest management is required in a proper midge, did not have a major impact using YST, manner so that mulberry pests can be properly but Green sticky traps had an exceptionally managed. Mulberry pest control options are excellent adult trapping effect followed by blue required to apply the Integrated Pest Control sticky traps, whereas turquoise and purple (IPM) concept and to make pesticides the last sticky traps had the worse trapping effects control choice so that mulberry leaves are not harmful (Jiequn et al. 2018). Due to its general when offered as feed to silkworm (B.mori). existence, the authors have preferred to use The objective of this experiment were to YST as a monitoring tool. observe and to classify the pest incidence on The use of PFT instruments is used to track two species of mulberry Morus alba var. arthropods that have the roles of pests and Kanva-2 and Morus cathayana and their natural enemies. Pitfall trapping, the easiest natrural enemies. and cheapest method, is useful in catching certain arthropod that are nocturnally active on MATERIALS AND METHODS the surface but are inefficient in capturing either the bottom dwellers or those that scatter Time and Location by flight. Pitfall trapping is most effective in The experiment was done from September open environments, such as grasslands and 5th to October 20th, 2020, at Rumah Sutera scrub woodland, as the capture values can be Alam Ciapus, Bogor, West Java, from where influenced by vegetation complexity. the leaf sample were taken for the experiment. Akta Agrosia. 2021. 24(1):9 - 18 A. B. Fig 1 Sampling location and placement of YST (A) and PFT (B) on mulberry plants Determination of sample space, varies Identification of Insects and Other between species, but for mulberry plants, the Arthropods on The Trap author is related by Jiequn's research (2018), Insects and arthropods caught in both traps putting mulberry sticky traps at a distance of (YST and PFT) were identified to the family 1,5 m from the ground using a wooden stick. level using the reference source Hymenoptera There is no standardization of the size and of the world: an identification guides to families depth of the PFT when monitoring using PFT, by Goulet and Huber (1993), Australasian because the PFT application is a modification Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): a Biosystematic depending on the commodity. Even if researchers Revision of Genera of Fourteen Families, with a are unable to use the suggested uniform reclassification of Species, Borror and Delong's template, pitfall trap data obtained in future Introduction to the study of insects (2005), studies will be more useful if investigators Insects of Australia Volumes 1A & 2A (1991), listed all of the pitfall trap approaches used as well as specific national and international including specifics of the above characteristics scientific journals. Observation of insects and of pitfall traps, positioning, and maintenance arthropods was carried out using a stereo- strategies (Hohbein 2018). The author microscope and a binocular microscope. In positions the PFT at a depth of 2-5cm such that some limitation conditions, the authors also observed the observation plate is level with the land, the with a dinolite magnification tool (potable digital plate has a diameter of 8cm and the plate depth microscope). is 5cm. The author adds a solution to kill insects or arthropods, a mixture of water and Relative Abundance of Insects and dishwashing liquid soap. The history of this Arthropods in the Sampling Area solution is resistance (does not evaporate The relative abundances of each other insect quickly), is efficient in killing insects, and is and arthropod were calculated by the Krebs inexpensive. The placement of the PFT is in a equation (1989). distance of +-10cm from the stem of the plant. 12 Akta Agrosia, 2021, 24(1): 9– 18 Relative abundance data were then analyzed population abundance of up to 83.76%. Several on the role of each arthropod in the agroecosystem.
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