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Document no.: Ref: TJC2020.160 HERITAGE STATEMENT December 2020

NEWFOUNDLAND NURSERY, Sir William Hill Road, ,

INTRODUCTION

SCOPE DESIGNATIONS

This document presents a heritage statement for the The building is not statutorily designated. buildings at the former Newfoundland Nursery, Sir There are a number of designated heritage assets William Hill Road, , Derbyshire (Figure 1), between 500m and 1km of the site (Figure 1), National Grid Reference: SK 23215 78266. including Grindleford Conservation Area to the The assessment has been informed through a site south-east; a series of Scheduled cairns and stone visit, review of data from the Derbyshire Historic circles on to the north-west, and a Environment Record and consultation of sources of collection of Grade II Listed Buildings at Cherry information listed in the bibliography. It has been Cottage to the north. undertaken in accordance with guidance published by The site lies within the National Park. Historic , the Chartered Institute for

Archaeologists and Peak District National Park Authority as set out in the Supporting Material section.

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Cedar House Unit 18B, Cobbett Road The Old Tannery

38 Trap Lane Zone 1 Business Park Hensington Road

Sheffield Burntwood Woodstock South Yorkshire Staffordshire Oxfordshire

S11 7RD WS7 3GL OX20 1JL

Tel: 0114 287 0323 Tel: 01543 479 226 Tel: 01865 364 543

NEWFOUNDLAND NURSERY, Eyam, Derbyshire Heritage Statement - Report Ref: TJC2019.158

Figure 1: Site location plan showing heritage designations

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NEWFOUNDLAND NURSERY, Eyam, Derbyshire Heritage Statement - Report Ref: TJC2019.158

SITE SUMMARY

ARRANGEMENT The topography of the site falls steadily towards the east, with the buildings situated at around c.300m The site comprises a small group of buildings above Ordnance datum. including:

The buildings are set back from Sir William Hill Road 1. Derelict rectangular house; situated within the centre of a series of rectilinear 2. Attached barn to the west; and enclosures. To the north and west of the site is Eyam Moor, and to is east is Sheriff Wood which descends 3. Detached outbuilding to the north. down the hill into the valley of the River Derwent.

Figure 2: Site layout

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NEWFOUNDLAND NURSERY, Eyam, Derbyshire Heritage Statement - Report Ref: TJC2019.158

PLANNING CONTEXT

INTRODUCTION states that development must conserve and enhance heritage assets and their setting. Change arising to the historic environment from the planning process is managed through legislation, DMC5: Assessing the impact of development on planning policy and practice guidance, and Historic designated and non-designated heritage assets and England advice to ensure affected heritage assets are their settings which states that applications must conserved in a manner appropriate to their describe the significance of affected heritage assets significance. and the effect of the proposal, going on to state that proposals resulting in harm will not be permitted LEGISLATION unless adequately justified. The principal legislation relevant to the protection of the historic environment comprise: DMC10: Conversion of a Heritage Asset which states that conversion will be permitted where it preserves Historic Buildings and Ancient Monuments Act 1953 character and significance, including the effects of makes the effect of proposals on registered parks, domestication on agricultural landscapes. For new gardens, and battlefields a material consideration in housing for sale on the open market conversion will planning decisions. only be permitted where the building is a heritage

Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act asset. 1979 which affords protection to Scheduled NATIONAL PLANNING POLICY Monuments and Areas of Archaeological Interest. The Government’s planning polices for England are Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) set out in the National Planning Policy Framework Act 1990 which provides planning controls for works (NPPF, 2019). For non-designated heritage assets, affecting Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas. NPPF recommends that the effect of the proposal is considered in determining a proposal, giving a LOCAL PLANNING POLICY balanced judgement in regard to the scale of harm The statutory development plan for the Peak District and the significance of the asset (para. 197). National Park comprises the Core Strategy (adopted October 2011) and the Development Management Polices (adopted May 2019). Relevant policies comprise:

L3: Cultural Heritage Assets of Archaeological, Architectural, Artistic or Historic Significance which

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NEWFOUNDLAND NURSERY, Eyam, Derbyshire Heritage Statement - Report Ref: TJC2019.158

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

The site was enclosed from moorland during the early 19th Century, illustrated on the 1813 enclosure award map for Eyam (Figure 4) as lying within the centre of a large rectangular plot of land formed at the edge of Eyam Moor. The land at this time was owned by the Duke of Devonshire.

By the publication of the 1842 tithe map (Figure 5) for Eyam (surveyed in 1839), the land surrounding the site was owned by Peter Wright Esquire and subdivided into rectangular allotments, containing grass (plots 372-376) and plantations (plots 377- 378). The plan also shows a square building occupying the western part of the site.

The first edition Ordnance Survey (OS) map of 1880 Figure 4: 1813 Eyam enclosure map (Figure 6) illustrates further development, as the © Derbyshire Record Office building doubled in size and an outbuilding added to its north. A subsequent edition of 1898 (Figure 7) names the site as Newfoundland Nursery.

An advert placed in the Sheffield and Rotherham Independent on September 16th 1893 identifies the Newfoundland Nurseries as operated by Charles Smith. The article refers to plants being disposed of due to the sale of another of their nurseries at Padley:

Figure 3: Sheffield and Rotherham Independent on Figure 5: 1842 Eyam tithe map September 16th 1893 © Geneologist 2019

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NEWFOUNDLAND NURSERY, Eyam, Derbyshire Heritage Statement - Report Ref: TJC2019.158

Figure 6: 1880 Ordnance Survey map Figure 7: 1893 Ordnance Survey map

A subsequent advert posted in Sheffield Daily Telegraph on Saturday 5th 1903 (Figure 8) provides further details of the type of plants Charles Smith was growing, and demonstrates they were also carrying out landscaping and forestry.

Subsequent editions of the Ordnance Survey show the site remained in uses as Newfoundland Nursery until the late 20th Century, with changes to the site largely in relation to reconfiguring of the barns and outbuildings immediately west of the central house.

The property is believed to have been reacquired by the Chatsworth Estate, who were subsequently led to sell it as part of the Highlow estate to cover death duties in 1957. The property was bought by the previous tenant who had rented it since 1938, and has since been latterly sold to the present owners.

Figure 8: Sheffield Daily Telegraph, Sat. 5th 1903

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NEWFOUNDLAND NURSERY, Eyam, Derbyshire Heritage Statement - Report Ref: TJC2019.158

BUILDING APPRAISAL

HOUSE

Exterior

The house (Figures 9-12 & 17) comprises a three- bay wide structure built from rounded gritstone rubble, with dressed gritstone lintels to doors and windows. No roof timbers survived, although Figure 9: South elevation of the House fragmentary remains suggest it had stone slates. Elements of the external face of the south and west elevations have collapsed, and the rubble core of the walls fallen away, revealing the rear of the internal masonry walls.

A structural break in the south elevation indicates two main phases of construction, corroborating the historic map evidence, with that to the west being Figure 10: East elevation of the House the earlier part. Scars in the west elevation (Figure 12) also indicate the presence of a former outshot, the end wall of which (including stone slates) has been incorporated in the adjoining barn.

Interior

Only the interior of the eastern part of the building was accessible at time of survey (Figures 13-16). This Figure 11: North Elevation of the House section comprised two rooms (G1-G2), with areas of flagstone floors surviving and two fireplaces, one with an unusual stone-built hob-grate and attached oven. The remains of a staircase were also present, corresponding with a break in an internal spinal wall at first floor level indicating the stairs turned south to a small first floor hallway at the rear of the chimney stack from where rooms to either side could be accessed. Figure 12: West elevation of the House

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NEWFOUNDLAND NURSERY, Eyam, Derbyshire Heritage Statement - Report Ref: TJC2019.158

Figure 13: G1, looking E Figure 14: G1, looking W, noting stairs to right

Figure 15: Detail of fireplace in G1 Figure 16: Room G2, looking W

Figure 17: Plan and elevation of the site (Note: Site plan is based on a roughly dimensioned sketch and is for illustrative purposes only)

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NEWFOUNDLAND NURSERY, Eyam, Derbyshire Heritage Statement - Report Ref: TJC2019.158

BARN

The ruined house (Figures 18-21 & 17) comprises a rectangular range built from gritstone rubble with a pitched roof of corrugated metal sheets. The roof structure does not contain any historic fabric.

The northern elevation of the building is open sided, with no other extant openings into the barn. Figure 18: South elevation of the Barn

Structural breaks in the south elevation reveal the incorporated gable of an earlier lean-to, including elements of stone slate roof (Figure 21), a blocked door, and a straight joint indicating the western end of the building was a later addition. There is further evidence of a blocked taking-in door/pitching hole in the west gable (Figure 20).

Figure 19: North elevation of the Barn OUTBUILDING

Situated to the north of the House is a small detached structure (Figure 22-24) built from gritstone rubble. The building has partially collapsed and the roof has been lost.

There is a single doorway in the east elevation, with iron pintles for an inward opening door.

Figure 20: West elevaiton of the Barn A stone in the west wall has been carved with the initials “C.S.” (Figure 23).

CHAMBER

Between the house and outbuilding is an underground chamber, partially covered over with a substantial gritstone boulder (Figures 25-26). The interior of the chamber is plastered. This may be associated with the well shown on historic OS maps Figure 21: Detail of preserved gable and blocked at this location. door within the south wall of the barn, looking S

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NEWFOUNDLAND NURSERY, Eyam, Derbyshire Heritage Statement - Report Ref: TJC2019.158

Figure 22: Outbuilding, looking NE Figure 23: Initials in W elevation of outbuilding

Figure 24: Interior of outbuilding (G6) Figure 25: Stone covering underground chamber, looking W

Figure 26: Interior of the underground chamber

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NEWFOUNDLAND NURSERY, Eyam, Derbyshire Heritage Statement - Report Ref: TJC2019.158

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

SIGNIFICANCE * Its archaeological interest, which makes a low

Newfoundland Nurseries was founded in the late contribution to its significance, deriving from Georgian period, formed on a new encroachment evidence for the phased development of the into Eyam Moor. The construction of a building at the structure. site coincided with the creation of the nursery, and Setting was subsequently expanded during the mid to late The setting of Newfoundland Nursery is principally 19th Century, including the addition of larger living established by the relationship of the building to its accommodation. surrounding enclosures which formed the essential The market for which Newfoundland Nurseries was economic basis for the building’s existence, whilst its producing its plants was not uncovered as part of the rural location reflects the agricultural nature of its limited research conducted for this report, but business. These characteristics make a positive adverts suggest it was principally concerned with contribution to its significance, in preserving legibility ornamental trees and shrubs. There is an oral of its former use. tradition that the site produced plants for Chatsworth Estate (owner, pers. comm.). Contribution to Other Heritage Assets The site is considered to contribute positively to the The building is considered to possess regional landscape character of the Dark Peak area of the heritage significance, deriving from. Peak District National Park as a well preserved (albeit partially ruinous) example of a rare site type * Its architectural interest, which makes a associated with the development of estate medium contribution to its significance, due to landscapes which are one of the defining its distinctive local vernacular construction, the characteristics of the region (PDNPA, 2017: 1). This survival of 19th Century details internally contribution has been eroded by change in use from including fireplaces, and the extent to which nursery to pasture, and is at further risk from the the 19th Century arrangement of the site potential collapse of the building. survives.

* Its historic interest, which makes a low contribution to its significance, in relation to its history as a nursery associated with the propagation of plants for designed gardens and landscape.

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NEWFOUNDLAND NURSERY, Eyam, Derbyshire Heritage Statement - Report Ref: TJC2019.158

IMPACT ASSESSMENT

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANCE with only minor insertions associated with alterations to circulation. The site encompasses the remains of a dwelling and associated outbuildings, built between 1813 and The surrounding grounds are to be re-enclosed with 1839 to provide accommodation for Newfoundland new dry-stone walls, with the main parking provision Nursery. and gardens to be positioned to the north of the buildings. The detached outbuilding is to be restored The buildings at the site are considered to comprise as a shed. non-designated heritage assets of regional significance. IMPACT ASSESSMENT

The key elements of the site’s significance is the Works Affecting Historic Fabric – The restoration integrity of its 19th Century arrangement, distinctive of the building will require physical interventions to local vernacular and surviving internal features, and its rebuild collapsed elements of the structure, although association with the production of ornamental plants the main part of the standing structure is to be for gardens and parks in the area. preserved. The level of alterations are kept to a minimal, and any harm arising from the loss of historic SUMMARY OF PROPOSAL fabric will be outweighed by the benefit derived from The proposal seeks to restore and convert the conserving the remaining structure which is at risk of buildings at Newfoundland Nursery to a three- collapse leading to total loss of its significance. bedroom family home. Appearance – The proposal will restore the building The scheme will restore the building based on the to its mid to late 19th Century appearance, with minor physical evidence embodied in its surviving fabric, alterations to its curtilage. avoiding the creation of additional extensions or The restoration works have been designed in insertions to external elevations. Reinstated openings consideration of the extant fabric, its phased are to preserve the distinctive character between the development and likely original uses. New work is to former domestic and agricultural parts of the building, match existing where it survives, and draw from the whilst the new glazing to the open-sided barn will use local vernacular where it does not. The resulting a minimalist contemporary Crittall type glazing to design is considered to be accurate to the evidence distinguish it as a modern alteration whilst preserving and to have minimised supposition. The legibility of the scale of the original opening. reinstatement of the building will enhance the The interior fabric of the building will be largely legibility of its age and function, preserving its preserved, including the surviving historic fireplaces,

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NEWFOUNDLAND NURSERY, Eyam, Derbyshire Heritage Statement - Report Ref: TJC2019.158

significance and enhancing its contribution to the through appropriate restoration of its collapsed walls historic environment. roof, doors and fenestration. The scale of impacts required to achieve this benefit are minimal and have Internally the lost staircase will be reinstated in line been designed in consideration of heritage advice to with the historic evidence, and minor alterations are preserve the significance of the structure. proposed to layout and circulation to link the domestic and agricultural sides of the building The domestic conversion of the building is internally, and enable the provision of bathrooms. considered to be an appropriate use given its former partial use as a dwelling. The overall character of the site will be changed by the restoration and partial conversion, reinstating and The scheme is considered to be in line with local enlarging domestic curtilage. The effects of this on the planning polices L3, DMC5 and DMC10, and is character of the surrounding landscape have been recommended for approval. mitigated by positioning the majority of the gardens to the rear of the building, where they are less visible. Given the previous use of part of the site as a dwelling, the presence of domestic ephemera is not considered to be out of keeping, or to detract from, the heritage significance of the building.

CONCLUSION

The current condition of the building is poor, with total loss of roof from the main house and the collapse of external areas of stonework. It is likely that collapse will continue, and the asset lost, unless works are undertaken to repair and make the structure weathertight. The loss of this locally distinctive development of historic and architectural interest that makes a positive contribution to the character of the historic landscape would result in harm to the historic environment. AUTHOR The proposed conversion will have a positive effect James Thomson BA MA PGDip (Conserv.) MCIfA on the historic environment, through securing the Edited by Oliver Jessop BA MA MCIfA preservation of its historic fabric and the 14.12.2020 enhancement of its character and appearance

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NEWFOUNDLAND NURSERY, Eyam, Derbyshire Heritage Statement - Report Ref: TJC2019.158

ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE and the contribution made by setting (2015b & 2019). The significance of heritage assets is their value to this and future generations because of the archaeological, By understanding the heritage interest of an asset or architectural, artistic or historic interest embodied in place, it is possible to derive an assessment of overall their physical presence and way in which they are significance through reference to published guidance: experienced (MHCLG, 2019), defined as (MHCLG, 2018): Heritage Significance

Heritage assets of outstanding universal § Archaeological interest: There will be value which fulfil the criteria for inclusion on the UNESCO World 1 archaeological interest in a heritage asset if it holds, Heritage List (section II.D of UNESCO,

or potentially holds, evidence of past human activity International 2019). worthy of expert investigation at some point. Heritage assets of exceptional interest, § Architectural and Artistic interest: These are and of particular or national importance that fulfil the criteria for listing at a high interests in the design and general aesthetics of a grade (i.e. as a , 2 place. They can arise from conscious design or National or Grade I or II* Listed Building / Registered Park and Garden) (DCMS fortuitously from the way the heritage asset has High 2013 & 2018 & Historic England evolved. More specifically, architectural interest is selection criteria. an interest in the art or science of the design, Heritage assets of special interest that fulfil the criteria for listing (i.e. as a

construction, craftsmanship and decoration of Conservation Area, Grade II Listed buildings and structures of all types. Artistic interest Building / Registered Park and Garden, 3

National Registered Battlefield or Protected is an interest in other human creative skill, like Wreck Site) (DCMS, 2018) & Historic sculpture. England selection criteria. § Historic interest: An interest in past lives and Heritage assets of moderate interest that fulfil the criteria for local listing as events (including pre-historic). Heritage assets can set out by local authority guidance or Historic England’s advice note on Local illustrate or be associated with them. Heritage Listing (2016b). Broadly defined, such assets with historic interest not only provide a assets possess architectural or historical 4

material record of our nation’s history, but can also Regional interest that notably contributes to local distinctiveness or possesses provide meaning for communities derived from archaeological interest that greatly their collective experience of a place and can contributes towards the objectives of a regional research agenda. symbolise wider values such as faith and cultural Heritage asset of limited interest that identity. fails to fulfil the criteria for local listing or only slightly contribute to the The assessment of heritage interest is undertaken in objectives of a regional research 5 / Negligible agenda, typically due to poor consultation with the guidance set out in the preservation, survival or restricted Local contextual associations. supporting materials section including Historic England’s staged approaches to assessing significance

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NEWFOUNDLAND NURSERY, Eyam, Derbyshire Heritage Statement - Report Ref: TJC2019.158

CONTRIBUTION TO SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT OF EFFECT

Elements of a heritage asset, including heritage An assessment of the effect of the proposed works interests and elements of their setting, may not considers the contribution made by the affected contribute equally to its significance, reflecting the element to the significance of a heritage assets, and varying degree of heritage interest embodied in its the nature of any effect (both negative and positive) fabric. This is expressed in line with the following to that contribution. The scale of effect adopted is scale: set out in the following table:

Contribution to Significance Effect of Proposal Proposals will greatly reveal or enhance

Element is fundamental to the key

heritage interest/s that define the the contribution the effected element significance of the asset, and of H makes to the significance of the heritage ++ Very High potential national, or higher, heritage Positive asset, and/or substantially contribute significance in its own right. towards the conservation of the asset. Proposals will better reveal or enhance Element makes an important the contribution the effected element contribution to the significance of the makes to the significance of the heritage + asset, comprising an aspect of regional M Positive asset and/or contribute towards the significance that has been affected by conservation the asset. Medium no more than moderate (under 50%)

/ loss. Proposals will preserve the contribution Element makes a slight contribution to the effected element makes to the o significance of the heritage asset. Neutral the significance of the asset, comprising No Harm

an aspect of local significance, of fabric Proposals will result in the partial loss of of potential higher value which has L

Low the positive contribution the effected been affected by substantial (over element makes to the significance of the 50%) loss such that its contribution to - heritage asset and/or will have a significance is greatly reduced. Negative detrimental effect on the conservation Element does not contribute to the of the asset.

significance of the asset. N Proposals will result in the total loss of

Neutral the positive contribution the effected element makes to the significance of the -- Element represents an unsympathetic heritage asset and/or will have a change which detracts from the Neg significant detrimental effect on the significance of the asset. Very Negative conservation of the asset. Negative

Effect uncertain: more information Sensitivity uncertain: more information required. required. ? ? Uncertain Uncertain

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NEWFOUNDLAND NURSERY, Eyam, Derbyshire Heritage Statement - Report Ref: TJC2019.158

SUPPORTING MATERIAL

GUIDANCE CONSULTED Historic England 2018. The Setting of Heritage Chartered Institute for Archaeologists, 2020. Assets. Standard and guidance for desk-based assessment.

Historic England 2019. Statements of Heritage Department for Culture, Media and Sport 2013. Significance: Historic England Advice Note. Scheduled Monuments

Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Government, 2016. Planning Practice Guidance. 2018. Principles of Selection for Listed Buildings. Revised 2019. Historic England, 2008. Conservation Principles Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Polices and Guidance. Government, 2018. National Planning Policy Historic England, 2015a. Managing Significance in Framework. Decision-Taking in the Historic Environment. Historic Peak District National Park Authority (PDNPA), Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 2017a. Peak District National Park Farmsteads 2. Assessment Framework. Historic England, 2015b. The Setting of Heritage Peak District National Park Authority (PDNPA), Assets: Historic Environment Good Practice Advice 2017b. Peak District National Park Farmsteads in Planning Note 3. Revised December 2017. Character Statement. Historic England, 2016. Local Heritage Listing: Historic England Advice Note 7.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Peak District National Park Authority, 2017. Dark Peak: National Character Area 51.

ARCHIVE RESOURCES CONSULTED Sheffield and Rotherham Independent on 1813 Eyam Enclosure Map (Derbyshire Record September 16 1893 Office: QRI 45b)

Sheffield Daily Telegraph on Saturday 5 1903 1842 Eyam Tithe Map (National Archives, IR 29/8/88)

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