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China's Stadium Diplomacy and Its Determinants: a Typological
Hugh Vondracek JCIR: Vol. 7, No. 1 (2019) China’s Stadium Diplomacy and its Determinants: A Typological Investigation of Soft Power Hugh Vondracek* Abstract Since 1958, China has constructed over 140 sports facilities around the world. Previous research into stadium diplomacy lacks definitional clarity, has not systematically investigated the phenomenon, and crucially, has failed to explain why China employs stadium diplomacy where it does. This article defines the phenomenon and locates all known cases without temporal or geographic restrictions. We create a classification system and typology, permitting a comparison of theoretically-like types to develop and test a multi-determinant theory. We find empirical evidence that China employs stadium diplomacy to secure natural resources and to secure diplomatic recognition in line with the One-China policy. These findings have important implications for scholarship into the use of soft power within interstate rivalry, and the methodology demonstrates that a clear typology of soft power which is mutually exclusive and logically exhaustive can be created and is informative. Keywords: China, stadium diplomacy, soft power, interstate rivalry Introduction1 Several dozen photographers and reporters hurried into position while onlookers jostled for view, dodging the earthmovers and dust of the construction site. The President’s limousine was pulling up, but no one had come to see him. Lionel Messi was here! The best player of the world’s most popular game was in Port-Gentil, Gabon, a world away from his home in Barcelona, to lay the cornerstone of China’s newest stadium (Djellit, 2015). Just the latest example of China’s stadium diplomacy, a soft-power push dating back to 1958, reaching from Antigua, to Vanuatu, to Dar es Salaam. -
Graham Budd Auctions Sotheby's 34-35 New Bond Street Sporting Memorabilia London W1A 2AA United Kingdom Started 22 May 2014 10:00 BST
Graham Budd Auctions Sotheby's 34-35 New Bond Street Sporting Memorabilia London W1A 2AA United Kingdom Started 22 May 2014 10:00 BST Lot Description An 1896 Athens Olympic Games participation medal, in bronze, designed by N Lytras, struck by Honto-Poulus, the obverse with Nike 1 seated holding a laurel wreath over a phoenix emerging from the flames, the Acropolis beyond, the reverse with a Greek inscription within a wreath A Greek memorial medal to Charilaos Trikoupis dated 1896,in silver with portrait to obverse, with medal ribbonCharilaos Trikoupis was a 2 member of the Greek Government and prominent in a group of politicians who were resoundingly opposed to the revival of the Olympic Games in 1896. Instead of an a ...[more] 3 Spyridis (G.) La Panorama Illustre des Jeux Olympiques 1896,French language, published in Paris & Athens, paper wrappers, rare A rare gilt-bronze version of the 1900 Paris Olympic Games plaquette struck in conjunction with the Paris 1900 Exposition 4 Universelle,the obverse with a triumphant classical athlete, the reverse inscribed EDUCATION PHYSIQUE, OFFERT PAR LE MINISTRE, in original velvet lined red case, with identical ...[more] A 1904 St Louis Olympic Games athlete's participation medal,without any traces of loop at top edge, as presented to the athletes, by 5 Dieges & Clust, New York, the obverse with a naked athlete, the reverse with an eleven line legend, and the shields of St Louis, France & USA on a background of ivy l ...[more] A complete set of four participation medals for the 1908 London Olympic -
Il 6 Nazioni. All’Olimpico
IL 6 NAZIONI. ALL’OLIMPICO. ITALIA VS FRANCIA 3 FEBBRAIO ITALIA VS GALLES 23 FEBBRAIO ITALIA VS IRLANDA 16 MARZO © 2012 adidas AG. adidas, the 3-Bars logo and the 3-Stripes mark are registered trademarks of the adidas Group. trademarks registered mark are and the 3-Stripes logo adidas, the 3-Bars © 2012 adidas AG. l’italia del rugby veste adidas Indossa la nuova maglia ufficiale della Nazionale Italiana di Rugby e fai sentire la tua voce su vocidelrugby.com adidas.com M0203_150x210_MediaGuide_AD_Mischia.indd 1 15/01/13 14:31 INDICE Il saluto del Presidente . 2 Il saluto del Presidente del CONI . 4 Il saluto del Sindaco di Roma . 5 La Federazione Italiana Rugby . 6 Il calendario del 6 Nazioni 2013 . 7 Gli arbitri del 6 Nazioni 2013 . 8 La storia del Torneo . 9 L’Albo d’oro del Torneo . 11 Il Torneo dal 2000 ad oggi . 13 I tabellini dell’Italia nel 6 Nazioni . 26 Le avversarie dell’Italia Francia . 38 Scozia . 40 Galles . 42 Inghilterra . 44 Irlanda . 46 Italia . 48 Lo staff azzurro . 50 Il gruppo azzurro . 57 Statistiche . 74 Programma stampa Nazionale Italiana . 84 Gli alberghi dell’Italia . 86 Contatti utili . 86 Calendario 6 Nazioni 2013 Femminile . 88 Le Azzurre e lo Staff . 89 Calendario 6 Nazioni 2013 Under 20 . 92 Gli Azzurrini e lo Staff . 93 media guide 2013 1 Il saluto del Presidente E’ per me un grande piacere rivolgere un caloroso saluto, a nome mio personale e di tutta la Federazione Italiana Rugby, al pubblico, agli sponsor, ai media che seguiranno gli Azzurri nel corso dell’RBS 6 Nazioni 2013. -
Home Office, United Kingdom
GHANA COUNTRY ASSESSMENT APRIL 2002 COUNTRY INFORMATION & POLICY UNIT IMMIGRATION & NATIONALITY DIRECTORATE HOME OFFICE, UNITED KINGDOM CONTENTS I. Scope of Document 1.1 - 1.5 II. Geography 2.1 - 2.2 Economy 2.3 III. History 3.1 - 3.2 IV. State Structures The Constitution 4.1 - 4.3 Political System 4.4 - 4.8 Judiciary 4.9 - 4.15 Military 4.16 (i) National Service 4.17 Internal Security 4.18 - 4.22 Legal Rights/Detention 4.23 - 4.24 Prisons and Prison conditions 4.25 - 4.30 Medical Services 4.31 - 4.38 Educational System 4.39 - 4.41 V. Human Rights V.A Human Rights Issues Overview 5.1 - 5.4 Freedom of Speech and the Media 5.5 - 5.11 Freedom of Religion 5.12 - 5.19 Freedom of Assembly & Association 5.20 - 5.25 Employment Rights 5.26 - 5.28 People Trafficking 5.29 - 5.34 Freedom of Movement 5.35 - 5.36 V.B Human Rights - Specific Groups Women 5.37 - 5.43 (i) Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) 5.44 - 5.45 (ii) The Trokosi system 5.46 - 5.48 Children 5.49 - 5.55 Ethnic Groups 5.56 - 5.60 Homosexuals 5.61 V.C Human Rights - Other Issues Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) 5.62 Annexes: Chronology of Events Political Organisations Prominent People References to Source Material I. Scope of Document 1.1. This assessment has been produced by the Country Information & Policy Unit, Immigration & Nationality Directorate, Home Office, from information obtained from a variety of sources. 1.2. The assessment has been prepared for background purposes for those involved in the asylum determination process. -
DIGITAL DISPLAYS in Sport Venues
DIGITAL DISPLAYS In sport venues STADIAWORLD CONTENTS INDUSTRY REPORT DIGITAL SIGNAGE: LED DISPLAYS: A LOOK THE NEXT STAGE OF INTO THE INDUSTRY 4 DEVELOPMENT 14 VIRTUAL ADVERTISING: FASCIA BOARDS: REVOLUTION IN COMMUNICATION AND MARKETING 20 INTERACTION 22 IMPRINT Stadionwelt/STADIAWORLD Marketing/Cooperations: Schloßstraße 23 Julian Biermann 50321 Brühl Carsten Ponsar Germany Kiyan Richter Phone: +49 2232 5772–20 René Simon Fax: +49 2232 5772–11 [email protected] Cover photo: www.stadionwelt.de STADIAWORLD www.stadiaworld.com Printing house: Layout: Onlineprinters GmbH Ayman Almzayek Nicolas Quensell Copyright © Stadionwelt 2019 Ramona Sprenger All content (texts, photos etc.) of LED IN SPORTS is protected by copyright. Reprint or use, even in Editors: parts is only permitted after written consent. STA- Stephanie Dittebrand DIAWORLD excludes all liability and indemnity for Benedikt Hellmann the accurateness, completeness and currentness of Ingo Partecke the content. It is not possible to completely rule out Stadionwelt INSIDE – the expert Christopher Pauer printing errors or wrong information. STADIAWORLD Ganesh Pundt does not assume any legal responsibility as well as magazine for the business liability for any wrong information and subsequently Translation: resulting consequences. The issuers of the ads are Pete Fisher solely responsible for their content. DIGITAL DISPLAYS INDUSTRY REPORT: LED DISPLAYS When it comes to video walls and video cubes, they will inevitably be produced by Chinese manufacturers. Specific expertise and services are required for consultation and installation in sports facilities. This is where European companies demonstrate their special know-how and quality of service, as interface between the global market and local requirement profiles. uring the past few years, the area per stadium, imity to Hong Kong, with 12 million inhabitants. -
The Beijing National Stadium
THE BEIJING NATIONAL STADIUM THERE ARE MANY REASONS TO REMEMBER THE 2008 Area: 254,600 square meters OLYMPIC GAMES, AND ONE OF THESE IS UNDOUBTEDLY THE Track Provider: Mondo Spa IMPRESSIVE EVENTS BROADCASTED TO AUDIENCES Height: 69,2 meters AROUND THE WORLD FROM THE OLYMPIC STADIUM IN Start date of construction: December 24, 2003 BEIJING, A BUILDING UNIVERSALLY DUBBED WITH THE Cost of project: $423 million NICKNAME "THE BIRD'S NEST". Structural engineering: Arup Number of workers: 17,000 Steel used: 44,000 tons Capacity: 80,000/91,000 (2008 Olympic games) (China) AN ARCHITECTURAL MIRACLE The reason for the name immediately strikes the eye : an intricate system of ties and a complex steel structure makes the building look like a huge nest, that can hold up to 91,000 spectators and has one of the world's fastest athletic tracks. The history of this architectural miracle began with an annoucement issued on December 19, 2002. On March 26, 2003 a team of international experts examined the proposals coming from all over the world. In April, the winner was announced: the swiss Herzog & De Meuron firm, which along with Arup Sport and the China Architecture Design & Research Group would deliver the full project in December 2007. Everything was perfect, up to the last details. On June 28, 2008 a grand opening ceremony drew the curtain on this colossal stage that would for about a month put the Chinese dragon under the worlds’ astonished eyes. THE MYTH Creating a building of this magnitude was not an easy task. In China everything is a symbol and a reference to the past and the National Stadium in Beijing was no different. -
11 Europacup Gratis Epub, Ebook
11 EUROPACUP GRATIS Auteur: Raf Willems Aantal pagina's: 168 pagina's Verschijningsdatum: 2009-09-25 Uitgever: Lannoo EAN: 9789020984378 Taal: nl Link: Download hier Europese Finales Praterstadion , Wenen. Manchester City FC. Górnik Zabrze. Georgios Karaiskákisstadion , Piraeus. Chelsea FC. Real Madrid CF. Camp Nou , Barcelona. Dinamo Moskou. Kaftanzogliostadion , Saloniki. Leeds United AFC. FC Magdeburg. Dynamo Kiev. Ferencvárosi TC. Heizelstadion , Brussel. RSC Anderlecht. Olympisch stadion , Amsterdam. Parc des Princes , Parijs. Austria Wien. Fortuna Düsseldorf. Valencia CF. Arsenal FC. Rheinstadion , Düsseldorf. Dinamo Tbilisi. FC Carl Zeiss Jena. Standard Luik. Nya Ullevi , Göteborg. Aberdeen FC. Juventus FC. FC Porto. Everton FC. Rapid Wien. Stade Gerland , Lyon. Spyridon Louis , Athene. AFC Ajax. FC Lokomotive Leipzig. Stade de la Meinau , Straatsburg. KV Mechelen. Wankdorf Stadion , Bern. UC Sampdoria. Manchester United FC. Estádio da Luz , Lissabon. Werder Bremen. AS Monaco. AC Parma. Antwerp FC. Parken , Kopenhagen. Real Zaragoza. Koning Boudewijnstadion , Brussel. Dat zijn de drie kernbegrippen van Kortom, 11 is hét cadeauboek voor de Europacupliefhebber. Sujet Champions League. Sujet supplémentaire Titre 11 Europacup Auteur Raf Willems. Langue Néerlandais. Éditeur Tielt: Lannoo, p. ISBN Vue technique. Deze prachtige uitgave over een van de meest prestigieuze voetbalgebeurtenissen verschijnt aan de vooravond van de 55e jaargang van de Europacup. In dit wervelende boek gaat Raf Willems? De rode draad is het getal elf, dat uiteraard verwijst naar het aantal spelers van een voetbalteam. De vele foto's zorgen ervoor dat het boek ook een plezier is om naar te kijken. De Europacup heeft in een halve eeuw al heel wat voetballiefhebbers kippenvelmomenten bezorgd. Uiteraard wordt er ook een blik geworpen op memorabele recente wedstrijden zoals de onvergetelijke finale tussen Manchester United en Bayern München uit , die een ongekend spannend slot kende en eindigde op Ve… Lire la suite. -
DIT IS DE KUIP DIT DIT IS DE KUIP ICOON AAN DE MAAS DIT IS De Kuip Leeft
DIT IS DE KUIP DIT IS DE KUIP ICOON AAN DE MAAS DIT IS De Kuip leeft. Prikkelt. Daagt uit. Moedigt aan. Het stadion beweegt op het ritme van de collectieve ademhaling waarbij gebouw en supporters samensmelten tot één. DE MAAS ICOON AAN De kracht is letterlijk voelbaar. Het kan gonzen, trillen, beuken of doodstil zijn. Het gevoel van verlangen golft door het beton onder de voeten. Ontzetting siddert door in de metalen spanten. Bij extreme vreugde dansen de tribunes mee, waarbij de mensen al feestend door de staalconstructie de lucht in worden geslingerd. Voor ze het weten, hangen ze in de armen van wildvreemden. Altijd samen. Met vijftigduizend stadion feyenoord zielen voelt het vertrouwd. Je hoeft niet iedereen te kennen. Het zijn tóch je vrienden. Wanneer De Kuip los gaat weet je direct ‘hier had je bij moeten zijn’. Het doet wat met je. Je wilt nooit meer anders, ook al kost een wedstrijd soms een jaar van je leven. Dit is het gevoel dat ouders willen doorgeven aan hun kinderen. Door hen de sfeer van het levende stadion te laten ervaren. Te laten opsnuiven. Te leren koesteren. Dit zijn de momenten waarop nieuwe generaties fans worden geboren. Voor het leven. Dit is niet zomaar een gebouw. Dit is het stadion waarvan wij zielsveel houden. DE KUIP ICOON AAN DE MAAS 9 789492 881403 INHOUDSOPGAVE INHOUDSOPGAVE 4. Je zoekt een plaatsje in de zon 83 Parterre 84 Skyboxen & Business seats 94 Vak S 102 Maastribune Uitvak 109 Perstribune 112 Controlekamer 117 INHOUD Kuipdieren 120 5. Kijk ze komen 1. -
K212 Description.Indd
AUKAGON SportsWorld TION_451 45th Auction 01-02 06 2012 Big Live-Auction Cologne Germany Football Olympic Games AGON_SportsWorld 0049 (0)561 - 927 98 27 www.agon-auction.de AGON SportsWorld 2 45th Auction 45th AGON Sportsmemorabilia Auction Friday 1st and Saturday 2nd June 2012 Contents SPORTSWORLD 1st June 2012 Lots 1 - 974 Olympics, Special Items 6 Olympics 54 Olympic Autographs 92 Other Sports 104 2nd June 2012 Lots 980 - 1911 Football Specials 116 Football World Cup 127 Football in general 157 German Football 171 Football Sticker Albums and Stickers 174 The essentials in a few words: German Football Programmes 186 - all prices are estimates International Football 190 - they do not include value-added tax; 7% VAT will be additionally charged with the invoice. Football Autographs 210 - if you cannot attend the public auction, you may send us a written order for your bidding. Bidsheet extra sheet - in case of written bids the award occurs in an optimal way. For example:estimate price for the lot is 100,- €. You bid 120,- €. a) you are the only bidder. You obtain the lot for 100,-€. b) Someone else bids 100,- €. You obtain the lot for 110,- €. c) Someone else bids 130,- €. You lose. - In special cases and according to an agreement with the auctioneer you may bid by telephone during the auction. (English and French telephone service is availab- le). - The price called out ie. your bid is the award price without fee and VAT. - The auction fee amounts to 15%. - The total price is composed as follows: award price + 15% fee = subtotal + 7% VAT = total price. -
The Beijing National Stadium
THE BEIJING NATIONAL STADIUM THERE ARE MANY REASONS TO REMEMBER THE 2008 Area: 254,600 square meters OLYMPIC GAMES, AND ONE OF THESE IS UNDOUBTEDLY THE Track Provider: Mondo Spa IMPRESSIVE EVENTS BROADCASTED TO AUDIENCES Height: 69,2 meters AROUND THE WORLD FROM THE OLYMPIC STADIUM IN Start date of construction: December 24, 2003 BEIJING, A BUILDING UNIVERSALLY DUBBED WITH THE Cost of project: $423 million NICKNAME "THE BIRD'S NEST". Structural engineering: Arup Number of workers: 17,000 Steel used: 44,000 tons Capacity: 80,000/91,000 (2008 Olympic games) Olympic Editions (China) AN ARCHITECTURAL MIRACLE The reason for the name immediately strikes the eye : an intricate system of ties and a complex steel structure makes the building look like a huge nest, that can hold up to 91,000 spectators and has one of the world's fastest athletic tracks. The history of this architectural miracle began with an annoucement issued on December 19, 2002. On March 26, 2003 a team of international experts examined the proposals coming from all over the world. In April, the winner was announced: the swiss Herzog & De Meuron firm, which along with Arup Sport and the China Architecture Design & Research Group would deliver the full project in December 2007. Everything was perfect, up to the last details. On June 28, 2008 a grand opening ceremony drew the curtain on this colossal stage that would for about a month put the Chinese dragon under the worlds’ astonished eyes. THE MYTH Creating a building of this magnitude was not an easy task. In China everything is a symbol and a reference to the past and the National Stadium in Beijing was no different. -
2016 Veth Manuel 1142220 Et
This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Selling the People's Game Football's transition from Communism to Capitalism in the Soviet Union and its Successor State Veth, Karl Manuel Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 03. Oct. 2021 Selling the People’s Game: Football's Transition from Communism to Capitalism in the Soviet Union and its Successor States K. -
MATCHING SPORTS EVENTS and HOSTS Published April 2013 © 2013 Sportbusiness Group All Rights Reserved
THE BID BOOK MATCHING SPORTS EVENTS AND HOSTS Published April 2013 © 2013 SportBusiness Group All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the permission of the publisher. The information contained in this publication is believed to be correct at the time of going to press. While care has been taken to ensure that the information is accurate, the publishers can accept no responsibility for any errors or omissions or for changes to the details given. Readers are cautioned that forward-looking statements including forecasts are not guarantees of future performance or results and involve risks and uncertainties that cannot be predicted or quantified and, consequently, the actual performance of companies mentioned in this report and the industry as a whole may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Author: David Walmsley Publisher: Philip Savage Cover design: Character Design Images: Getty Images Typesetting: Character Design Production: Craig Young Published by SportBusiness Group SportBusiness Group is a trading name of SBG Companies Ltd a wholly- owned subsidiary of Electric Word plc Registered office: 33-41 Dallington Street, London EC1V 0BB Tel. +44 (0)207 954 3515 Fax. +44 (0)207 954 3511 Registered number: 3934419 THE BID BOOK MATCHING SPORTS EVENTS AND HOSTS Author: David Walmsley THE BID BOOK MATCHING SPORTS EVENTS AND HOSTS