Waste Management Model of Mangalore City Corporation, D.K District, Karnataka
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Waste management Model of Mangalore City Corporation, D.K District, Karnataka 1. About Mangalore City Mangalore is an important city in Karnataka and is situated on the west coast. After integration the city is developing fast in all directions viz. in the field of education, industry and commerce. Mangalore is located at 12 -52’N latitude and 74 49’E longitude. The city is located in the confluence of Nethravathi and Gurupura rivers. It is bound in the east by the Western Ghats and in the west by the Arabian Sea. Three National Highways viz., NH-17 linking Panvel and Kanyakumari, NH-48 linking Mangalore and Bangalore, NH- 13 linking Mangalore and Sholapur pass through the city. A domestic Airport is located at Bajpe, which is 15 km from city connecting it to Mumbai and Bangalore. Mangalore is also linked by rail to all major cities of India and is also having all weather harbors. Mangalore is headquarters of Dakshina-Kannada District, largest urban coastal center of Karnataka and the fourth largest city in the State. The city is an administrative, commercial, educational, and industrial center. An all weather port is located in Mangalore and is the only major port of Karnataka. The topography of the city is from plain to undulating with four hilly regions natural valleys within the city. The ambient temperature varies minimum from 17 c to a maximum 37 c. There is a heavy rain fall of about 4000mm per annum of which about 90% received in the monsoon period. The relative humidity is generally very high reaching saturation levels during the summer period. The geology of the city is characterized by hard laterite in hilly tracts and sandy soil along seashore. 2. Profile of Mangalore City Corporation A Profile of LSG Mangalore City Corporation 1 Geography and location 12°-52" North latitude and 74° 49'East longitude 2 LSG Type City Corporation Wards 60 3 Population ( 2011 Census) 4,19,306 Growth rate 4 Projected Pop; 2018 6,00,000 Total House Holds 5 Male Female sex ratio 6 Major communities (%) Hindus , Muslims and Christians 7 Literacy; M/F 8 Density of Population 9 Area Sq 132.45 sq.km 10 Governance 3. Local Governance background Mangalore City Corporation presided by a Mayor. Mangalore City Corporation currently has a population of 4,19,306 (as per 2001 census) and area of 132.45 sq.kms. It is divided into 60 wards each represented by a Corporator. Elections to the Corporation are held every five years and subsequently a Mayor and a Deputy Mayor are elected for a term of one year. It comes under portion of 2 Lokasabha Constituencies, 4 Legislative assembly constituencies and 1 legislative council Constituency. The City Corporation is now housed in its own premises located at M.G. Road, Lalbagh, Mangalore. Since its up-gradation as a City Corporation, the civic 1 body has spearheaded several developmental activities in the city and it has been adjudged as one of the best Corporation in the state for 3 years continuously. 4. Waste Management Scenario before Swatch Bharath Mission1 ‘The most pressing problem faced is rapid urbanization & changing lifestyles have led to the generation of huge amount of garbage and wastes in the urban areas, so much so, over the past few years; just handling this Municipal Solid Waste has assumed the proportion of major organizational, financial and environmental challenges. MCC was unable to provide effective services. The waste was disposed in an unscientific manner, with crude open dumping in low–lying areas being the prevalent practice followed by most Urban Local Bodies. The results of these are foul smell, breeding of flies & other pests and generation of liquid runoffs (Leachate), which pose a serious threat to the underground water reserves. The area coming under the jurisdiction of Mangalore City Corporation produces an average of 220 TPD of wastes, with a daily collection frequency of 200 TPD. The waste collected has a composition of 60% of organic, 25% of inorganic, 5% of combustible & 10% of recyclable wastes. As per Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) rules 2000, including all administrative, financial, legal planning and engineering functions involved in the whole spectrum of solutions to problems of solid wastes thrust upon the community by its inhabitants. However, the case study on the waste management of MCC by Sequeira and Chandrashekar in Jan 2015 indicates that “the per capita household waste generation for the city is 0.2095 Kg. At this rate the total Municipal Solid Waste production from the households alone would equal to 104.6 tons per day or TPD as the city population is 4, 99,487 as on 2011 census [1]. Based on the projection of waste collection data in the selected four wards i.e., Shivbhag had highest household waste generation (0.4349 Kg per capita per day or pcpd) followed by Padavu-central (0.2087 Kg pcpd), Alape (0.1964 Kg pcpd) and Falnir (0.1346 Kg pcpd). It is noted that where urbanization rate is high, waste generation rate is also high and there is a direct link of urbanization with waste production [2]. This is clear as the waste production in the Shivbhag Ward area is drastically higher than other areas under study. Shivbhag Ward is in the heart of the city and more waste is generated here.’ From the above study it could be noted that the waste collected at or transported to the dump site at Vamanjoor, Mangaluru is 226 TPD. The per capita waste generation per day is 0.4524 kg. Mangaluru city comes under the cities which have less than 500 TPD Municipal Solid Waste generations, along with Agartala, Asansol, Chandigarh, Faridabad, Guwahati, Jamshedpur, Kochi, Kozikode, Mysore and Shimla [2]. In Mangalore the biodegradable waste in the areas of study was found to be very high, equalling almost 90%. As we have noted above, household waste generation for the city of Mangalore is 0.2095 kg pcpd. At this rate the total household waste generated would equal to 104.643 TPD. That is not less than 46.30% of the total waste generated. It is observed that when an eco-friendly technology like vermi composting when applied to household 1 Solid waste management in Mangalore City corporation; Documentation of best practice 2 wastes will yield 60-70% of vermi compost per each ton of substrate used. Thus we can conclude that in Mangaluru city, 65 TPD vermi compost could be generated from household waste alone. The average calculation of the per-capita solid waste generation per-day in Mangaluru city shows that it is in no way less compared to the other major cities of India. The solid waste generation of the city increases with urbanization is obvious from the study as it is noted that the area away from the centre of the city contributes less waste to the main Municipal Solid Waste generation. It is evident and true that all want to get rid of their waste. But the survey shows that getting rid of waste and its management in a scientific and effective way is more often lacking. The goodwill of the people to cooperate in the proper management and disposal of the household waste needs to be utilized and at the same time strengthened by adequate awareness programs and facilities. Study shows that the active participation of the municipal authorities and the residents of the wards is necessary in the entire process of management of solid waste”. Awards and achievements of MCC a) In 2009 Jadavpur University, Kolkata Awarded ICON SWM Award for Mangalore City as the Second Best City under Solid Waste Management. b) Union Ministry of Urban Development Awarded Mangalore City Corporation 8th Cleanest City in May 2010. c) Green Leaf Award was awarded at Hyderabad by Suzuki Exnora to Mangalore City Corporation for Solid Waste Management. d) In 2011 Jadavpur University, Kolkata Awarded ICONSWM Award Mangalore City as the First Best City under Solid Waste Management. e) The recent (2018) ‘Swatch Survekshan survey’ by the ‘Swatch Bharath Mission’ has rated MCC as ‘India’s best city in solid waste management in the <3- >10 lakh population category. 5. Current status of solid and liquid waste management B Details Status as on June 2018 1 IHHL: % coverage 2 Public toilets : 3 UGD coverage % 4 Sewage Treatment Plants(STP) 5 Total Waste disposed per day 325 tonnes per day 6 Waste collected 325 tonnes per day 7 Waste processed per day 325 tonnes per day 6. Current Practices of waste management at Household level The total number of HH is 1lakh and 26 thousand and 325 TPD of waste is generated daily and it is collected and transported to the land fill site in Vamanjoor situated 9 KM away from the city. This waste include waste transported from the neighbouring LSG’s like Ulllal CMC (17TPD) and 3 Bantwal TMC(10TPD) since they do not have their own land fill sites. 60-70% % of the HH are covered under the door to door collection through garbage retrievers and garbage vehicles. Truck loads of wastes are collected and transported for further processing in alternative energy such as manure and methelin based gas. Over all of this waste 2/3 of it is a bio degradable waste while the 1/3 is non-bio degradable waste which goes in to the land fill. The waste collection system at HH level For the purpose of waste collection and transportation, 60 wards are divided in to two zones i.e., ‘A’ zone which covers the industrial towns of Baikampady, Panamboor and Bunder area where the density of population as well as the industrial units are high and zone ‘B’ is thinly populated in wider geographical area, predominantly, residential houses and flats which are scattered in wider area but well connected through roads.