Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Fisheries and for a world without hunger Aquaculture Department

Fishery and Aquaculture Country Profiles The of and Northern

Part I Statistics and main indicators 1. Country brief 2. General geographic and economic indicators 3. FAO Fisheries statistics

The Profile (2004)

Additional information 2. FAO Thematic data bases 3. Publications

Source of information 4. Meetings & News archive United Nations Geospatial Information Section http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/english/htmain.htm Imagery for and reproduced from GEBCO, www.gebco.net

Part I Statistics and main indicators

Part I of the Fishery and Aquaculture Country Profile is compiled using the most up-to-date information available from the FAO Country briefs and Statistics programmes at the time of publication. The Country Brief and the FAO Fisheries Statistics provided in Part I may, however, have been prepared at different times, which would explain any inconsistencies.

Country brief

Updated 12-2016

The United Kingdom (UK) is one of the major fisheries and aquaculture nations in . Total capture production by the UK in 2015 was about 705 000 tonnes, worth about USD 807 million with a fleet of 6 279 vessels. Inland waters are mainly exploited for recreational purposes and contribute little (747 tonnes) to domestic food supplies.Aquaculture production stands at 206 834 tonnes in 2015 and forms an important part of the UK seafood industry. Aquaculture production is dominated by , followed by marine molluscs and rainbow trout, while many other species are farmed in small volume. Employment in the sector was reported as 3 310, with 12% of the workforce women in 2014.

In 2015, total employment was estimated at 12 107 people, with 2 000 of these employed part time. Sex-

FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department disaggregated data was not supplied. Employment has being decreased decrease in the last decades, with the total number of employed persons falling by just 6 % since 2005. The major factors causing the employment drop relate to the declining number of fishing vessels and a continued substitution of labour capital.Impressive productivity gains achieved over the last decade reflect innovations in production technology and biology as well as the increasing importance of economies of scale.

The UK is a net importer of fish and fishery products and USD 4.1 billion of fish and fishery products were imported in 2015. In the same year, total exports of fish and fishery products were worth USD 2.5 billion. In 2013, fish consumption per capita per year was estimated at 20.8 kg. Over the period from 2007 to 2016, fish retail prices have increased by 28%2.

Managing fisheries is a devolved responsibility within the country and carried out by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (), the Scottish Executive (), the Welsh Assembly Government (Wales) and the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland.

The Operational Programme (OP) "Fisheries and Maritime 2014-2020" for support from the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF) in the UK aims at achieving key national development priorities along with the "Europe 2020" objectives. The OP addresses the general reform of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) and the development of the Integrated Maritime Policy (IMP). For that, the European Commission has adopted a key investment package for the UK's maritime sector and especially its fisheries and aquaculture industry. Roughly USD3 329 million will be made available under the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund for that period (2014-2020), from which UDS3 258 million are EU funds.

The UK is Party to the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the and the UN Fish Stocks Agreement. The UK has transferred competence to the European Community in respect of certain matters governed by the Agreement. Through the European Community, the UK is Party to the 1993 FAO Compliance Agreement.

Membership in Regional Fishery Bodies Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP) -Pacific Fishery Commission (APFIC) Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) European Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture Advisory Commission (EIFAAC) Indian Tuna Commission (IOTC) International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) International Whaling Commission (IWC) Western Central Atlantic Fishery Commission (WECAFC)

General geographic and economic indicators

Table 1 - General Geographic and Economic Data – United Kingdom Source 10 525 Shelf area Sea around us: http://www.seaaroundus.org/ km2

European Commission: Length of continental 18 000 km FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department continental 18 000 km http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/sites/fisheries/files/docs/body/op- coastline united-kingdom-fact-sheet_en.pdf

European Commission: Fisheries GVA USD1 515 (2013) million http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/sites/fisheries/files/docs/body/op- united-kingdom-fact-sheet_en.pdf

*Value converted by FAO as per UN currency exchange rate (1) UN Operational Rates of Exchange (1st Dec 2016)

Source Country area 243 610 km2 FAOSTAT. 2013 Land area 241 930 km2 FAOSTAT. 2013 Inland water area 1 680 km2 Computed. 2013 Population - Est. & Proj. 65.303 millions FAOSTAT. 2018 Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) area 3 224 820 km2 VLIZ GDP (current US$) 2 855 297 millions World Bank. 2018 GDP per capita (current US$) 42 944 US$ World Bank. 2018 Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added 0.63 % of GDP World Bank. 2018

FAO Fisheries statistics

Table 2 in this section is based on statistics prepared by the FAO Fishery Information, Data and Statistics Unit and disseminated in 2016. The charts are based on the same source but these are automatically updated every year with the most recent statistics.

1980 1990 2000 2010 2013 2014 2015 EMPLOYMENT (thousands) 0.00 0.00 15.65 15.30 15.32 15.16 15.42 Aquaculture … … … 2.60 3.08 3.31 3.31 Capture … … 15.65 12.70 12.24 11.85 12.11 Inland … … … … … … … Marine 15.65 12.70 12.24 11.85 12.11

FLEET(thousands vessels) … … 7.65 6.42 6.40 6.38 6.19

Source: FAO Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics 1) Due to roundings total may not sum up

FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Please Note:Fishery statistical data here presented exclude the production for marine mammals, crocodiles, corals, sponges, pearls, mother-of-pearl and aquatic plants.

The Profile Updated 2004

This country profile provides statistics and indicators produced through FAO’s Statistics programmes, supplemented with information derived from national and other sources and valid at the time of compilation.

Full text of the Fisheries and Aquaculture Country Profile available at http://www.fao.org/fishery/docs/DOCUMENT/fcp/en/FI_CP_UK.pdf

Additional information

FAO Thematic data bases

FAO Country Profile Marine Resources reports (FIRMS) Alfonsino - Northeast Atlantic Alfonsino - South East Atlantic Anchovy - Anglerfish - Skagerrak, Kattegat, , West of Scotland and Rockall Anglerfish - Western Channel and Bay of Biscay Angler - Western Channel and Bay of Biscay Antarctic krill - Southwest Atlantic Antarctic toothfishes - South Sandwich Islands Antarctic toothfish - Southeast Atlantic Basking shark - Northeast Atlantic Beaked redfish - Iceland and Faroe grounds, North of Azores, East Greenland and Northwest Atlantic (deep slope) Beaked redfish - Iceland and Faroe grounds, North of Azores, East Greenland and Northwest Atlantic (upper slope) Black-mouth dogfish - Bay of Biscay and Portuguese Waters East Black-mouth dogfish - Rockall, Northwest Coast of Scotland and North Ireland, , West of Ireland, Porcupine Bank, Eastern and Western English Channel, and Southwest of Ireland Black Scabbardfish - Northeast Atlantic Blonde ray - Irish Sea, and Celtic Sea North Blonde ray - Northern North Sea, Rockall, Northwest Coast of Scotland and North Ireland Blonde ray - Western English Channel

FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Blue Ling - Faroes Grounds, Rockall and Celtic shelf Blue Ling - Northeast Atlantic Blue Ling - Other areas of Northeast Atlantic Blue shark - North Atlantic Blue shark - South Atlantic Blue whiting - Northeast Atlantic Boarfish - Rockall, Northwest Coast of Scotland and North Ireland, Irish Sea, West of Ireland, Porcupine Bank, Eastern and Western English Channel and Bay of Biscay Capelin - Barents and Norwegian Capelin - Iceland and Faroes grounds, East Greenland and Jan Mayen area Cardinal Fish - South East Atlantic Clyde herring - West of Scotland Cod - Barents and Norwegian Seas (coastal waters) Cod - , , Spitzbergen and Bear Island Cod - Faroe Bank Cod - Faroe Plateau Cod - Irish Sea Cod - North Sea, Eastern English Channel and Skagerrak Cod - Rockall Cod - Western English Channel, Bristol Channel, Celtic Sea and Southwest of Ireland Cod - West of Scotland Common skate - West of Scotland and Celtic Sea Cuckoo ray - Rockall, Northwest Coast of Scotland and North Ireland, Irish Sea, West of Ireland, Porcupine Bank, English Channel, Bay of Biscay North and Central and Bay of Biscay Offshore Deep-sea red crab - South East Atlantic Deepwater Demersal Sharks - South East Atlantic Deep water Redfish - Rockall Bank and Reykjanes Ridge Dogtooth tuna - Maldives Elasmobranchs - Bay of Biscay and Iberian waters Elasmobranchs - Celtic Sea and West of Scotland Elasmobranchs - North Sea, Skagerrak, and Eastern English Channel European eel - Northeast Atlantic Frigate tuna - Maldives Golden redfish - Barents and Norwegian Seas Golden redfish - Iceland, Faroes Grounds, Rockall, Northwest Coast of Scotland, North Ireland, North of Azores and East Greenland Golden redfish - North Western areas Greater argentine - Other areas of Northeast Atlantic Greater forkbeard - Northeast Atlantic Greater silver smelt - Faroes grounds and West of Scotland Greater silver smelt - Irish Sea, West of Ireland, Porcupine Bank, Eastern and Western English Channel, Bay of Biscay, Portuguese Waters, Azores Grounds and Northeast Atlantic South, North of Azores and Rockall Greater silver smelt or argentine - Northeast Atlantic Greenland halibut - Barents and Norwegian Seas Greenland halibut - Iceland and Faroes grounds, West of Scotland, North of Azores, East of Greenland - Barents Sea, Norwegian Sea, Spitzbergen and Bear Island Haddock - Faroes grounds Haddock - Irish Sea Haddock - North Sea, Skagerrak and Kattegat Haddock - North Sea, Skagerrak and West of Scotland Haddock - Rockall

FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Haddock - West of Ireland, Porcupine Bank, English Channel, Bristol Channel, Celtic Sea and Southwest of Ireland Haddock - West of Scotland Hake - West European Basin Herring - Barents Sea, Norwegian Sea, Spitzbergen and Bear Island, Iceland and Faore Grounds, Northern North Sea and Northeast Greenland Herring - Irish Sea North of 52°30’N Herring - Irish Sea South of 52°30’N, Celtic Sea and Southwest of Ireland Herring - North Sea, Eastern Channel and Skagerrak Herring - Northwest of Scotland Herring - West of Scotland Herring - West of Scotland, West of Ireland and Porcupine Bank Horse mackerel - West European Basin and Norwegian Sea Kitefin shark - Northeast Atlantic Lesser-spotted dogfish - Rockall, Northwest Coast of Scotland, Irish Sea, West of Ireland, Porcupine Bank, Channel, Celtic Sea and Southwest of Ireland - East Ling - Barents Sea, Norwegian Sea, Spitzbergen and Bear Island Ling - Faroes Grounds Ling - Northeast Atlantic Ling - Other areas of Northeast Atlantic Little tuna - Maldives Lophius budegassa - Skagerrak and Kattegat, North Sea, West of Scotland and Rockall Lophius piscatorius - Skagerrak and Kattegat, North Sea, West of Scotland and Rockall Mackerel icefish - South Georgia Mackerel - West European Basin and Norwegian Sea Marine resources - Eastern Central Pacific Marine resources - Mediterranean and Marine resources - Northeast Atlantic Marine resources - Northwest Atlantic Marine resources - Southeast Atlantic Marine resources - Marine resources - Southwest Atlantic Marine resources - Southwest Pacific Marine resources - Western Central Atlantic Megrim - Northern North Sea and West of Scotland Megrim - Rockall Megrim - Western Channel and Bay of Biscay Megrim - West of Ireland, Porcupine Bank, Channel, Celtic Sea, Southwest of Ireland and Bay of Biscay Megrim - West of Scotland and Rockall Nephrops - Central North Sea (Devil's Hole, FU 34) Northern prawn - Barents and Norwegian Seas North Sea Horse mackerel - North Sea, Eastern Channel and Skagerrak Norway lobster - Botney Gut and Silver Pit Norway lobster - Eastern Irish Sea Norway lobster - Firth of Forth Norway lobster - Irish Sea Norway lobster - Moray Firth Norway lobster - North Sea Norway lobster - North Sea (Botney Gut, Off Horn Reef ) Norway lobster - North Sea (Farn Deeps, Firth of Forth) Norway lobster - North Sea (Fladen) Norway lobster - North Sea (Moreay Firth, Noup)

FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Norway lobster - North Sea (Norwegian Deep) Norway lobster - Noup Norway lobster - off Horn's Reef Norway lobster - Western Irish Sea Norway lobster - West European Basin Norway lobster - West European Basin (Celtic Sea) Norway lobster - West European Basin (Ireland SW and SE coast) Norway lobster - West European Basin (Porcupine Bank, Aran Grounds, Ireland NW coast, Ireland SW and SE coast) Norway lobster - West of Bay of Biscay Norway lobster - West of Scotland Norway lobster - West of Scotland, and Sound of Jura Norway lobster - West of Scotland, North Minch Norway lobster - West of Scotland, South Minch Norway lobster - West of Scotland (North Minch, South Minch, Clyde) Norway Pout - North Sea, Skagerrak and Kattegat Norway Pout - North Sea, Skagerrak and Kattegat. Summer assessment. Norway pout - West of Scotland Octopus - South East Atlantic Orange roughy - Northeast Atlantic Orange roughy - South East Atlantic Oreo Dories - South East Atlantic Other ray and skate species - West of Scotland and Celtic Sea Other skates and rays - Rockall, Northwest Coast of Scotland and North Ireland, Irish Sea, West of Ireland, Porcupine Bank, Western English Channel, Bristol Channel, Celtic Sea and Southwest of Ireland Patagonian toothfish - South East Atlantic Patagonian toothfish - South Georgia Pelagic armourhead - South East Atlantic Pelagic Redfish - Barents and Norwegian Seas Penaeid shrimps - Picked dogfish - Northeast Atlantic Plaice - Bristol Channel and Celtic Sea North Plaice - Celtic Sea South and Southwest of Ireland Plaice - Eastern English Channel Plaice - Irish Sea Plaice - North Sea and Skagerrak Plaice - Western Channel Porbeagle - Northeast Atlantic Porbeagle - Northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Porbeagle - Northwestern Atlantic Porbeagle - Southwestern Atlantic Portuguese dogfish and Leafscale gulper shark - Northeast Atlantic Red Seabream - Northeast Atlantic Reef fishes - Maldives Roughsnout grenadier - Northeast Atlantic Roundnose grenadier - Northeast Atlantic Roundnose grenadier - Other areas of Northeast Atlantic Roundnose grenadier - Rockall, West of Scotland, Irish and , Porcupine Bank, English and Bristol Channels, Faroes grounds and Western Hatton Bank Saithe - Barents Sea, Norwegian Sea, Spitzbergen and Bear Island Saithe - Faroes grounds Saithe - North Sea, Skaggerak, West of Scotland and Rockall

FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Saithe - West of Scotland and Rockall Sandeel - Central and Southern North Sea (Sandeel Area 1r) Sandeel - Northern and Central North Sea (Sandeel Area 4) Sandeel - Northern North Sea and (Sandeel Area 7r) Sandeel - North Sea Sandeel - Shetland Area Sandeel - Skagerrak, Central and Southern North Sea (Sandeel Area 2r) Sandeel - Skagerrak, Northern and Central North Sea (Sandeel Area 3r) Sandeel - Viking and Bergen Bank area (Sandeel Area 5r) Sandeel - West of Scotland Sandy ray - West of Scotland and Celtic Sea Seabass - Central and Southern North Sea, Irish Sea, English Channel, Bristol Channel and Celtic Sea Seabass - West of Scotland, West of Ireland and Southwest of Ireland East Serra spanish mackerel - Coastal areas of Trinidad Shagreen ray - West of Scotland and Celtic Sea Sharks - Global Shortfin mako - North Atlantic Shortfin mako - South Atlantic Shrimp - Fladen Ground Shrimp - Skagerrak and Norwegian Deeps Skates - South East Atlantic Small-eye ray - Bristol Channel and Celtic Sea North Small pelagics - La Réunion - Bristol Channel and Celtic Sea North Sole - Celtic Sea South and Southwest of Ireland Sole - Eastern English Channel Sole - Irish Sea Sole - North Sea Sole - Western Channel Southern Bluefin tuna - Global Spotted ray - Irish Sea, Western English Channel, Bristol Channel and Celtic Sea Spotted ray - Rockall, Northwest Coast of Scotland and North Ireland, West of Ireland and Southwest of Ireland East Sprat - Channel Sprat - Irish Sea, West of Ireland, Porcupine Bank, Bristol Channel, Celtic Sea, Southwest of Ireland, Rockall and West of Scotland Sprat - North Sea Spring Spawing herring - Norwegian Sea Squid - Global Squid - South East Atlantic Starry smooth-hound - Northeast Atlantic Striped red mullet - Rockall, Northwest Coast of Scotland and North Ireland, Bay of Biscay, Irish Sea, West of Ireland, Porcupine Bank, Western English Channel, Bristol Channel, Celtic Sea North, Celtic Sea South, Southwest of Ireland East, Southwest of Ireland West, Portuguese Waters East Thornback ray - Irish Sea, Bristol Channel and Celtic Sea North Thornback ray - Western English Channel Thornback ray - West of Scotland Tuna and tuna-like species - Global Turbot - North Sea Tusk - Barents Sea, Norwegian Sea, Spitzbergen and Bear Island Tusk - Northeast Atlantic

FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Tusk - Other areas of Northeast Atlantic Tusk - Rockall Whiting - Irish Sea Whiting - North Sea, Eastern English Channel Whiting - Rockall Whiting - West of Ireland, Porcupine Bank, Western English Channel, Bristol Channel, Celtic Sea and Southwest of Ireland Whiting - West of Scotland Wreckfish - South East Atlantic Fishery reports (FIRMS) European union : Danish fishing fleet : 2010 European union : Mediterranean and Black Sea fishing fleet : 2010 : Bottom longline deepwater longtail red snapper fishery - high seas : 2009 Mediterranean and black sea : European hake fishery - high seas : 2009 Mediterranean and black sea : Trawl red shrimps fishery - high seas : 2009 Northeast atlantic : Blue whiting fisheries : 2017 Northeast atlantic : Bottom trawl blue ling fishery - Hatton and Rockall Banks : 2009 Northeast atlantic : Bottom trawl haddock fishery - Hatton and Rockall Banks : 2009 Northeast atlantic : Deep-sea bottom trawl fishery - Hatton and Rockall Banks : 2009 Northeast atlantic : Deep-sea longline fishery - Hatton and Rockall Banks : 2009 Northeast atlantic : Deepwater gillnet and tangle-net fishery - Hatton and Rockall Banks : 2009 Northeast atlantic : Mackerel fisheries : 2017 Northeast atlantic : Norwegian spring spawning herring fisheries : 2017 Northeast atlantic : Pelagic redfish fisheries in the Norwegian sea : 2009 Northeast atlantic : Rockall haddock fisheries : 2017 Pacific islands : Marine fisheries : 2009 Southern ocean : Antarctic toothfishes fishery - South Sandwich Islands (Subarea 48.4) : 2015 Southern ocean : Antarctic toothfish fishery - Southeast Atlantic (Subarea 48.6) : 2015 Southern ocean : Bottom longline toothfish fishery - high seas : 2009 Southern ocean : Krill fishery - Southwest Atlantic (Subareas 48.1, 48.2, 48.3 and 48.4) : 2015 Southern ocean : Mackerel icefish fishery - South Georgia (Subarea 48.3) : 2015 Southern ocean : Patagonian toothfish fishery - South Georgia (Subarea 48.3) : 2015 South indian ocean : Bottom and mid-water trawl alfonsino and orange roughy fishery - high seas : 2009 Southwest atlantic : Bottom longline patagonian toothfish fishery - high seas : 2009 Southwest atlantic : Bottom trawl argentine hake and argentine shortfin squid fishery - high seas : 2009 Southwest pacific : Bottom and mid-water trawl orange roughy and alfonsino fishery - high seas : 2009 Southwest pacific : Bottom longline fishery - high seas : 2009 World : Deep-sea fisheries : 2009 World : Global Tuna Fisheries : 2009 FAOLEX legislative database Database on Introductions of Aquatic Species Regional Fishery Bodies (RFB) Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP) Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission (APFIC) Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) European Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture Advisory Commission (EIFAAC) Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) International Whaling Commission (IWC)

FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Western Central Atlantic Fishery Commission (WECAFC) FAO Fishing Vessels Finder (FVF)

Publications

List of relevant FAO publications

Meetings & News archive

Meetings archive News archive

FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department