. - ~~laiaIL- . G U A·R DI A N J. G RES HAM MAC HEN • E D. ITO R 1 9 3 6 • 1 9 3 7 Crisis for Liberty in Oregon

Lawrence R. Eyres

(Page 51) •

The Fruitful Life

Edward L. Kellogg (Page 52) "There is no argument against a • defence of Christianity which The Preshyterian Chw,reh in the U. S.

Hugh E. Bradshaw would not be equally good against

(Page 53) • preaching the Gospel."

TIle InfalUhle Word

John P. Clelland -Francis Landey Patton

(Page 57) •

The OpeD Air Meeting

Committee on Local . Evangelism

(Page 59)

Fehruary 25, 1946

VOLUME ttl. NO.4 so THE PBESBYT.ERIAN GUARDIAN Fehruary 2S

"Rememher DOW thy thy youth."

0 'Y .are the poets coming along? Machen" Leagues' Clinic "He Maketh a God" J H This IS the last opportunity I shall , i ASE 2. SYMPTOMS: Everything is SAIAH 44 gives a very striking descrip­ ",. have to encourage and inspire you to put "";'"" on paper those ideas you have been mull­ C done by two or three people, with I tion of a man who cuts down a tree: ~ ing over during the last few weeks. By the others taking no active part and as­ with part he builds a fire to warm himself; j way of encouragement to those who might suming no responsibility. with part he builds a fire to roast meat lack confidence in themselves, Edna St. TREATMENT: This is a common ailment and bake bread; with part he "maketh a Vincent Millay wrote "Renascence" before in all kinds of organizations. It is probably god"! Then he falls down before the god she was twenty, and William Cullen true that the two or three who are doing which he has made and says, "Deliver me, ) Bryant wrote "Thanatopsis" before he was the whole job themselves are fairly capable for thou art my god." twenty! Also by way of inspiration, these people and quite reliable, or else they When we read this very striking con­ are the prizes that will be awarded: First would not be taking the lead. One of them demnation of the heathen, we may say, '1 Prize-Schilder's Christ Crucified; Sec­ is probably the president. If this is so, "How ridiculous! I don't see how anyone ond and Third Prizes--Abraham Kuyper's the problem is not so difficult to solve. could be so stupid as to do a thing like -j The president with a very small committee that!" But let us be sure we are not doing His Decease at Jerusalem.•1 had hoped to J be able to find books that would combine should sit down and make a list of all the the same thing ourselves. It is so easy for the interests of poetry and religion, but jobs that are done or that might be done a girl to make a god of Popularity. It is books of that description which are satis­ in connection with the society. This list so easy for a young man to make a god of factory in all respects are just not available should include jobs that require no par­ his Career. It. is so easy for a mother to at the present time. However, these prizes ticular skill as well as those that require make a god of her Family. You can think do fit in well with the season of the year definite talents. Here are a few that come of dozens of things of which young people, and the winners will find them helpful to mind: speaking, leading the meeting, and older ones too, make gods which they and valuable additions to their personal leading singing, reading the Scripture, serve with all that is within them. libraries. They are really something worth playing the piano or other instruments, The first commandment is this: "Thou working for! singing special numbers, taking up the shalt have no other gods before me." Our Remember, your poems must be post­ offering, sending cards to the sick, greeting God is the eternal, almighty Creator of marked not later than March 25, 1946, strangers, typing and mimeographing, dec­ all things. He alone is self-existent, de­ and the theme is "The Resurrection of orating tables, directing games, preparing pending on no one and no thing. We are Christ." Be sure to check with the De­ refreshments, soliciting GUARDIAN club required by Him to recognize that He is cember 25th issue of the GUARDIAN for subscriptions, distributing Home Evangels, the one true God. Weare required by the rest of the rules of the contest. publicizing the society. These are just a Him to have no other gods before Him. Still no pictures have arrived, so I am few suggestions; no doubt you can think This includes not only idols or gods of concluding that you would be just as con­ of many others. the heathen; it also includes anything tent with Machen Leagues' Clinics as the After the president gives a sincere and which occupies in our lives that place Intimate Glimpses. How about it? The forceful message, perhaps on the parable that He alone should occupy. No thing, only way I can know is by your letters. of the talents, he and the committee no person, no matter how fine or worthy By the way, do any of you suffer from should speak to each member of the so­ that thing or person may be, should oc­ ciety and together they should find out in cupy the place of God in our lives. the maladies described as Case 1 or Case 2 which of these jobs each would care to in the clinical records? If you try the THINK ON THESE THINGS suggested treatments I'd be pleased to serve. Knowing this, the president should know whether you notice any perceptible be able to work out a long-time program I. How would you answer the person improvement in your condition! And if for the society in which each member will who says that all men are striving for the your society is suffering from any peculiar have an opportunity to take part in the same thing but there are different roads-­ illness, be sure to tell me all about the way in which he is most at ease and best the road of the Mohammedan, the road symptoms. I'll do my best to prescribe a equipped. A society functioning like this of the Buddhist, the road of the Chris­ cure. will be a society in which all are members tian? of one body, each with his own job, no 2. How was it that Paul, brought up to one jealous of another, each contributing believe so strongly that God alone should cn~tR~ what he is best able to contribute, and be worshiped, could worship Christ? Director, the GUARDIAN each recognizing the value of the contribu­ 3. Can anyone but a Christian worship Youth Center tion of the others. Study I Corinthians 12. God? THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN 51 ~risis for Liberty in Oregon By the REV. LAWRENCE R. EYRES Pastor of the First Orthodox Presbyterian Church, Portland, Oregon

HE First Orthodox Presbyterian On October i st we filed applica­ ing blow. Consequently we turned to T Church of Portland, Oregon, has tion with the city for permission to other evangelical churches and pastors .been in existence for about eighteen build our church. The City Planning for counsel and advice-particularly to months. Before its organization it ex­ Commission approved. The Portland Dr. Albert G. Jolfnson, pastor of isted for about ten months as a mis­ Council of Churches, whose advice is Portland's huge, conservative Hinson sions project of the Committee on customarily asked by the Planning Memorial Baptist Church. To the Home Missions. Beginning in Sep­ Commission, advanced a negative many conservative pastors and to Dr. tember, 1943, with a pledged constit­ opinion. In a letter from the City Johnson in particular, we owe thanks uency of four people, organized in Auditor's office, informing adjacent for moral backing and wise counsel. July, 1944, with eleven communicant property owners of the public hearing Through Dr. Johnson we were able to members, it now has twenty com­ before the City Council, the follow­ get the best legal advice available. municant members and eighteen cove­ ing opinion was advanced: "There are This was, in effect, to do our best to nant children. The prospects for already enough churches of all de­ win our case before the Council before greater immediate growth are excel­ nominations to serve the needs of that ever .thinking of appealing to the lent. There is a promising Sunday community, and it is therefore eco­ courts. In accordance with Mayor Earl school with an active enrollment of nomical1y unsound to place additional Riley's recommendation, a meeting of seventy-five. churches there." This notice served to representative committees of the two l The home of this .enterprise was a prejudice property. owners against us factions was arranged. The day of this strategically located store building at at the outset. One woman was even meeting I interviewed Public Works N. E. Bznd Avenue and Sandy Boule­ referred to the Portland Council of Commissioner William Bowes and vard. This building made an adequate Churches by a city employe, and was discovered that we were not likely to chapel for our earlier months but has given to understand that ours is an get council approval of our plan for long been too small for our rapidly "uncooperative" church. a prefabricated chapel. Dr. Johnson expanding Sunday school. We had Immediately upon hearing of our wisely counseled us to consider the held it under lease from the owners intentions to build a church, two or possibility of the erection of a more till last summer, when they refused three families in the next block began expensive, less objectionable building to renew the lease for another year, a day-and-night campaign for signa­ so that all justifiable objections might due to the expanding business pros­ tures on a petition to the City Coun­ be overcome. So we went to the meet­ pects in that section of the city. So cil urging denial of pur application. ing with this compromise offer. It was we continued on a month-to-month The efforts of this group were largely flatly rejected by the remonstrants basis until late September when we effective within a four-block area. One who desired nothing but the utter de­ received notice to vacate by Decem­ woman was induced to sign because feat of our application. All informa­ ber i st. the entrance of a church would close tion given at this meeting was used­ It was apparent to us that a great the area to business expansion; an­ sometimes in distorted form-against future lay ahead of our church whose other signed because it woulde open us at the next hearing held November witness had been so effective in the the street to business. A Y. M. C. A. 23rd. • community. Yet we had judged it un­ clerk signed in order to keep peace The opposition attended the hear­ wise to. enter on a building program with his neighbors; and so on. In all, ing in good force. The arguments with our small membership at such a about seventy-five per cent. of the were, as before, against our type of time. But when we faced the neces­ property owners were opposed. proposed building, the alleged com­ sity of moving with no prospects of The first hearing before the City petition of the nearest church (a available space to buy or rent within Council on November 8th ended in a Presbyterian U. S. A. church one half a mile and a half or more, it appeared draw. Due to the wide divergence in mile distant), and the fact that they that God had judged otherwise. We points of view, the matter was laid welcomed no church in their neigh­ must build. on the table for two weeks, but not borhood. It seems that property values What were we to do? We quickly before the Mayor had administered a are supposed to drop when churches secured available lots at a reasonable sharp rebuke to the spokesman for are introduced into a community. price. For a building we decided to the remonstrants because of his in­ I based my plea on two points: erect a partially prefabricated chapel, sistence that the question be decided (1) Objections to the type of build­ manufactured in Portland and used then and there. ing originally planned might be valid; widely by the Missouri Synod Lu­ We were discouraged at the pros­ but since we had decided to alter our therans in the Northwest. On a full pect, for if the Council of Churches building plans in favor of a church basement, this building and the prop­ and a majority of property owners to which no objection could be raised, erty would have cost around $4,000. could join hands and block the estab­ these arguments were of no force. The needed amount was promised on lishment of churches, the cause of the (2) Any attempt to restrict churches a private loan (which has since been gospel in particular and religious lib­ from being allowed in their comrnu- withdrawn. ) erty in general would suffer a stagger- (See "Eyres," Page 62) 52 THE PRESBVTER~AN GUARDIAN February 25 'The Fruitful Life

By the REV. EDWARD L. KELLOGG Pastor of Calvary Orthodox Presbyterian Chureh, Middletown, Pa,

NE afternoon some years ago I grower cuts down and burns the un­ was thrilling to behold. It was good Oturned my car into the drive of a fruitful trees; fruit in the character. farm in Lancaster County. I was sell­ There are three kinds of spiritual ing Bibles at the time. It was during fruit that people may bring forth to Fruit of Good Worb my college days. I had been told the the glory of God. There is fruit in the In writing to the Philippians the man who lived there was an earnest character, fruit of good works, and apostle Paul spoke of a prayer, a Christian and soon discovered that the fruit in the lives of others resulting prayer in which he pled that they information was true. The warm greet­ ~r~m our act.ivity. ~ac? kind of fruit might be filled with the fruits of ing extended persuaded me to come IS Important III God s SIght. righteousness. Such fruit is somewhat often for Christian fellowship. One different from what we have consid­ day we went out into a field together. Fruit in the Character ered. That was in the character, this "Help yourself to those peaches," he Paul draws a sharp contrast between is also in the outward life. From the said, pointing across the, fence: So I the Christian and the natural man. character of love, faith and temper­ climbed through and soon found my­ The fruit in the character of the latter ance there proceed the works of obedi­ self in the most fruitful peach orchard is evil. It is the fruit of envy, jealousy, ence to God. Paul earnestly desired, I have ever known. Never have I seen bitterness, hatred, impurity, and covet­ that Christians should produce such so many large peaches so perfectly ousness, In the Christian the fruit is fruit. He prayed for the Colossians formed. All about there were thou­ quite different. It is love, joy, peace, that they might walk worthy of the sands on the .trees, which were bent longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, Lord, being fruitful in every good down with rosy fruit. faith, meekness, and temperance. work. In our back yard there is also a This good fruit in the character of This fruit of good works, like the peach tree. There is, however, a de­ the Christian is described as the fruit fruit in good character, can only be cided difference between the fruit of of the Spirit. No man can produce produced by the presence and work our tree and that which grew on the these fruits in genuine form until the of the Divine Spirit. Thus Paul writes fertile Lancaster farm. There is also a Spirit comes into'his heart. Only as to the Ephesians, "For the fruit of reason for the difference. The orchard the Holy Spirit engages in His re­ the Spirit is in all goodness and where those peaches grew was culti­ generating and sanctifying work do righteousness and truth." A portion vated, fertilized, sprayed, and pruned. these fruits appear. Nevertheless, they of his prayer for the Philippians; was, The owner of that orchard knew how do appear in the character of the man "Being filled with the fruits of right" peaches should be raised.· As for my himself. The love belongs to the man, eousness, which are by Jesus Christ.. tree, well, for years it struggled in the the joy and the peace also. Thus the ..." Without the Spirit in the life, midst of weeds and tall grass on a va­ fruit may rightfully be said to be without Christ working in us through cant lot, and even since coming under offered by the man to God. Further­ the Spirit, we cannot render fruits. of my care it has received far from scien­ mor~ you and I can do something to righteousness to God. tificallycorrect attention. So there is a perfect and increase such good fruit Now it is important to note that reason for the dwarfed sizes, twisted in our characters. We receive it by the fruit is the righteousness itself. shapes, the wormholes and defects of the grace of God but there are means We often speak of doing a righteous nearly every peach on the tree. In my of grace. deed and then looking for fruit as a own back yard I would like a tree such I know a man who in college days result of it. But here it is evident that as those in the Lancaster County illustrated the sharp contrast between the righteous act itself is fruit unto orchard but then I would have to pay the old man and the' new. When God. Tomorrow you may witness to the price of attention and care. Never­ first he entered school, his language someone about Christ. You may urge theless, peach trees like that are good was profane, his temper was bad, his that one to believe and he may seem trees. That is the way peach trees face bore a frown. Athletic contests to turn a deaf ear. You may see no ought to be. found him cheating and fighting. But • results and feel there is no fruit. But Jesus spoke about trees while here then the Spirit of God began to work there is fruit. Your witness itself was on earth. He spoke about good fruit in his heart. One day he stood to a righteous act which God accepts as trees and bad ones. Once He came to acknowledge repentance toward God fruit. It was such fruit that the re­ a tree which looked well outwardlv and faith toward Jesus Christ. The ligious leaders of Israel were to render but it didn't have any fruit, so H~ change was sudden and remarkable. to the Lord but, like the wicked hus­ cursed it. He also likened people to The profane words and evil temper bandmen, they failed. Thus they trees and taught that their fruit indi­ seemed to disappear. A radiant smile robbed God of the fruits of righteous­ cated the kind of tree they were, continuously lighted his face. The ness He should have received. whether good or bad. God wants His good fruit was there: love, joy, peace, How wonderfully Paul himself people to be fruitful. If they fail, He longsuffering, gentleness, meekness, rendered this fruit to God! With de­ will cast them from Him as a fruit ' goodness, faith and temperance. It (See "Kellogg," Page 58) 1948 THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN , The Presbyterian ~hDreh in the U.·S. Its Origin and History By the REV. HUGH E. BRADSHAW, D.O. Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, Duncan, Oklahoma

N A brief sketch of the -history of T HIS article is the first in a series made .a strong protest against its I the Presbyterian Church in the which will deal with many of the adoption, but to no avail. The South­ United States, popularly called the Presbyterian churches in the United ern members withdrew from the as­ Southern Presbyterian Church, it is States. The editors of the Guardian sembly. During the summer months proper to mention something of the have asked representatives of a num­ one presbytery of the South after sources from which it sprang as re­ ber of these churches to contribute two another renounced the authority of lated to American Presbyterianism. brief articles concerning their com­ the Presbyterian Church in the United All was not well in Europe in the munions. The first article will generally States of America until they were seventeenth century. Peoples or almost deal with the history and background forty-seven in number. In December. every country of Europe were still of the church, the second with its of that year, commissioners from being oppressed, in spite of the fact problems and opportunities. We ex­ forty-seven presbyteries met in Au­ that instruments like the Edict of pect to publish Dr. Bradshaw's second gusta, Georgia, and organized the Nantes had been written in the six­ article in the next issue. . Presbyterian Church in the Confed­ teenth century, defending the rights erate States. At the close of the Civil of persecuted religious minorities. War the name was changed to the While the fury of the persecutor's southern part of America. The Synod Presbyterian Church in the United hand was made impotent in some of Virginia and the Synod ot the States. Thus the Southern Church measure, there was nevertheless wide­ Carolinas were organized in 1788 and has had its continuous existence down spread intolerance and friction in the became a part of the U.S.A. Assembly to the present day. Roman Catholic-controlled countries when it was organized in Philadelphia "The Gardner Spring Resolution" of Europe about this time. The in 1789. was objectionable in that it placed the preaching of the Reformation doc­ As the new land of America was assembly in the position of settling a trines awakened in the hearts of the settled, the Southern synods grew and question which should have been left masses a passionate love for liberty, carried their load of evangelization to the conscience of believers, and justice and equality. This only inten­ along with the synods in the North. virtually made membership in the sified the struggle. The Edict of The brethren of the South were, in Presbyterian Church conditional upon Nantes was revoked in 1685, unleash­ general, characterized by a strict in­ political loyalty to one particular gov­ ing unprecedented persecution. While terpretation of the Confession of Faith ernment. The question of slavery was this was going on in France, similar and the Catechisms, known as the only incidental, and probably would measures of persecution were in prog­ Westminster Standards. They were not have caused a split in the assem­ ress in other countries. conservative in theology. Because of bly. This resolution made it impossi­ America was a haven for hosts of this, the synods in the South were not ble for Presbyterians to live in the peoples from all over Europe who too much affected by the New Side states which had seceded from the were seeking religious liberty. The schism in 1741 and the more serious Union, and may be regarded as Atlantic seaboard from Maryland New School schism in 1837, but were the immediate cause of withdrawal. south received its share of these per­ loyal component parts of the general But there were other mediate causes secuted peoples from Europe-some assembly until the year 1861, when which were discoverable in' the "Ad­ of the very best in all Europe. In the most of the presbyteries of the South dress to All the Churches of Jesus seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, withdrew from the assembly. It is in­ Christ Throughout the World," pre- , that section of our country from teresting to note, in this connection, pared by a committee of which Dr. Maryland southward received English that the Presbyterian assembly re­ James H. Thornwell of South Caro­ Puritans with Presbyterian leanings, mained a unit for a longer period than lina was chairman. This document Huguenots from France, Scotch from the Methodist or Baptist Churches. revealed the desire on the part of the Ulster and Scotch from Scotland, When the assembly met in Phila­ committee to put the principles of German Calvinists, Hollanders with delphia in May, 1861, the passions Presbyterianism to work as never be­ Presbyterian inclinations and Swiss kindled by the Civil War and its fore in the evangelization of the Presbyterians. The Rev. Francis causes were running rampant in both world. These principles involved the Makemie in the seventeenth century, the South and the North. In this Lordship of Christ, the parity of be­ and the Rev. Samuel Davies in the assembly, the "Gardner Spring Reso­ lievers, and the universal enlistment eighteenth, did much to lead these lution" was adopted by a majority of Presbyterians as agents and not peoples in the establishment of a vote. Dr. "Charles Hodge and forty­ superintendents jn doing the work of vigorous Presbyterian church in the five other members of this assembly the Lord. Accordingly the new church, 54 THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN February 25

through its assembly, appointed ~x­ areas of need where, at the same time, hobby to collect theological books, ecutive committees to carry on its there is promise of future productivity. particularly books of great doctrinal missions and educational work, com­ The idea of our educational work, importance and rarity. Thus among mittees which were elected by the as it, pertains to Sunday schools and the books that have just been received assembly and answerable to it. church-supported colleges, is that it there are about a hundred which date A little better than eight decades is the task of every Presbyterian. In from the sixteenth and seventeenth have passed since our assembly was this program the unit is the synod, centuries. These include writings of organized with about 70,000 com­ and not the assembly, as is the case great British and Continental Re­ municants. It now numbers about with foreign missions and, to some tormed divines such as Owen, Baxter, 600,000 communicants. Some of this extent, horne missions. This accounts Ball, Gillespie, Rutherford, Ames, growth was accelerated in the begin­ for the numerous colleges and semi­ Ursinus, Rivetus, Witsius, Turrettin, ning of our separate history by unions naries in our assembly. and W ollebius.. As a whole, however, with other Presbyterian bodies. In In the work of our women and the new collection concerns both Sys­ , 1864 the United Synod of the Pres­ men and young, people, the idea of tematic Theology and Church His-· byterian Church, comprising the New the universal responsibility of every tory, and is especially rich in Scottish School Presbyterians in the South, Presbyterian is carried out in the or­ Church History. There are also many united with our assembly; union was ganizational set-up in this way: every valuable Puritan commentaries. effected the same year with the In­ member of the church is automatically It is a great encouragement to enjoy dependent Presbyterian Church; in regarded as a member of the Auxiliary, the friendship, and benefit from the 1866, the Associate Reformed Church Brotherhood, or Youth Fellowship, as generosity, of Dr. Macleod, a Scottish of Alabama, or a part of it at least, the case may be-e-that is, where the leader who represents the best stream united with our assembly; the Pres­ individual church has one or all these of British theology. bytery of Patapsco in the state of group organizations. And the group Maryland was received by our assem­ organization is our church program of bly in 1867. But the largest number evangelism, education and service in­ Grace Church, Los Angeles, of communicants came, in those early terpreted for each group and designed to Build Church days, by the admission into our as­ to enlist each group in the propaga­ sembly of the Synod of Kentucky in tion of the gospel of His love. T A recent congregational meeting 1867, and of the Synod of Missouri A of the Grace Orthodox Presby­ in 1874. terian Church, Los Angeles, it was The idea of Dr. Thornwell of en­ Dr. Macleod Aids definitely decided to build a church listing every member of the Presby­ Westminster Library on a lot slightly south of the present terian family in the evangelization of location, at the corner of 94th Street the home and foreign fields has been OOKS from the private libraries and Western Ave. worked out in the life of our church B of Robert Dick Wilson, J. Gre­ This happy decision was reached in a remarkable way. In announcing sham Machen, Caspar Wistar Hodge after weeks of uncertainty and heart­ the platform of the new church, it and Geerhardus Vos have aided m aches. As previously reported, it was stated that to be a member of building up the library of Westmin­ seemed advisable to dispose of the the Presbyterian Church was 'equiva­ ster Theological Seminary. Now a new lots that had been purchased previ­ lent to being a member of a mission­ and splendid gift has come, in the ously. For a time it appeared that the ary society. Accordingly, our church shipment from Scotland of 857 books church would locate in nearby Ingle­ has flourishing mission work in and forty pamphlets from the personal wood, just across from the Los Angeles Mexico, Brazil, Africa, China, Korea collection of the Rev. John Macleod, city line. The zoning commission of and Japan, in the conduct of which D.O., who is Principal Emeritus of Inglewood, after a public hearing at more missionaries are maintained per the Free Church College in Edin­ which real estate interests opposed the capita than by almost any other group burgh, as well as Professor Emeritus change of zoning, approved the peti­ of Presbyterians. It is said that South­ of Apologetics and Pastoral Theology. tion of the church. But the opponents ern Presbyterians know their mis­ Dr. Macleod is a minister of the of the project marshaled their forces sionaries in a personal way, suggestive Free Church of Scotland, and as an with the result that the City Commis­ of the close ties binding families to­ historian and theologian of distinction sion held a public hearing. The Rev. gether. This may account, in part, for he has maintained a stanch testimony Robert H. Graham, pastor of Grace the healthful missionary interest. of tv the Reformed Faith. In the spring Church, pleaded earnestly, on the Southern Presbyterians. In the field of 1939 he came to Philadelphia at basis of the Bill of Rights, for the of home missions, work is carried on the invitation of Westminster Theo­ right of the church to erect a church by the assembly aiding presbyteries logical Seminary, to celebrate the at the proposed site or any other site. in their task of strengthening weak Seminary's tenth anniversary by deliv­ The matter had not yet been decided, churches and in ministering to neg­ ering the commencement address and although the outcome looked dark, lected and under-privileged groups in a series of special lectures. These lec­ .when an opportunity presented itself the South. Through the Home Mis­ tures were published in Edinburgh in to buy the lot at 94th Street, where sion Emergency Fund, our assembly 1943 under the title, Scottish Theol­ the church could immediately proceed is applying a new strategy to the task ogy in Relation to Church History with its plans without any danger of of missions in that all the resources of since the Reformation. zoning complications. The church is the whole church are pooled in the Over the course of the last fifty grateful for the overcoming of many interest of establishing churches in years Dr. Macleod has made it his obstacles. THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN

some sort of central spiritual teaching to the membership of the churches. '/& ;:~laian- that is common to all, or at least most, Human nature being what it is, we G U Aft DI AN American religion. Nothing could be suppose that people do not particu­ more harmful to the advancement of larly enjoy having this topic brought 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia 2, Pa, .truth. Christianity is utterly exclusive. to their attention. But there are at It is based squarely upon the Bible. least· two reasons why we feel com­ . EDITORS It takes the Bible as an infallible pelled to do so. One reason is that \ Ned B. Stonehouse standard. The Bible sets truth off ministers, and especially pastors of Paul Woolley sharply from error. It says, "Choose small churches, have in the past been ye this day whom ye will serve." The notoriously underpaid. They have ADVISORY COUNCIL Old Testament set God's people ut­ been very far indeed from being "free Robert L. Atwell terly apart from the rest. "Therefore from worldly cares and avocations." John P. Clelhmd be ye very courageous ... that ye One who is called to proclaim the Leslie A. Dunn come not among these nations, these gospel cannot do so with all his might John Patton Galbraith that remain among you; neither make if he is constantly beset with worries Edward L. Kellogg mention of the name of their gods as to how the bare necessities of his ... neither serve them ... but cleave family are to be provided. Still less unto the Lord your God." Our Lord will he be able to prove himself faith­ I EDITORIAL called some of the religious leaders of ful to his calling if he is compelled to A Result of War His time "hypocrites, for ye are like supplement his meager income by unto whited sepulchres." He told undertaking part-time secular employ­ AR has always had one effect at Nicodemus, a member' of the San­ ment. W least upon the churches. It tends 'hedrin, that he must be born again. The second reason that constrains to make them want to sink their dif­ Paul quotes, from the prophet Mala­ us to speak on this subject is that we ferences and to unite, without much chi, Jehovah's statement, "Jacob I are passing througha time of stagger­ regard for the message with which loved, but Esau I hated." The sharp ing increases in the cost of living. The they are entrusted and which it is line of cleavage between true religion air is filled with evidences of this fact. their golden opportunity to proclaim. and false runs all through the Bible. No doubt most families are burdened Weare in the midst today of the There is no common spiritual truth. with pressing problems of their own. usual phenomenon. In the. February To foster the notion that there is, is But the pastor is deserving of a special issue of The Ladies' Home Journal, fatal. . advocate in such times as these. When Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick presents Much of the error which is propa­ wages are being increased, he is likely this proposal: "What I want most of gated today by' the Presbyterian to be remembered last of all. He will all is that Roman Catholics, Jews and Church in the U.S.A. is the fruit of not plead his own cause, lest people Protestants should prepare together the reunion in 1870 of the Old and will suppose that his devotion to the some book or books by means of New School branches of that Church work of the Lord can be measured in which the best elements in the' spir­ as a result of the theologically de­ such terms. Nevertheless, it should itual heritage of our race can be pre­ moralizing effect of the Civil War. not be overlooked that he may be sented in our schools, objectively and Weare entering another period of spir­ experiencing severe anxiety and actual without offense, as a matter of infor­ itual demoralization. There is nothing distress. mation." to be gained by deluding ourselvesinto It is without apology that we pre­ The National Conference of Chris­ thinking that there can be unity about sent this plea that churches give new tians and Jews is particularly active at spiritual truth. He that is not for the consideration to their pastor's salary. the present time. In a leaflet issued in Bible is against it, and we cannot pick It is the Lord's command that they connection with the celebration of out what we think will be acceptable that proclaim the gospel should live of Brotherhood Week there is a page to Jews, Catholics and Protestants the gospel. This requires nothing less headed, "How Church and Synagogue alike and let the rest go. "Therefore than a maintenance sufficient to sup­ Groups Can Observe Brotherhood be ye very courageous to keep and to ply the worldly needs of the minister Week." On that page occur thefol­ do all that is written. .. ." and his family. It is the Lord who lowing statements: said that the laborer is worthy of his "Secure a trio of Protestant, Cath­ hire. A fair compensation, therefore, olic and Jewish speakers in some may not be regarded as an evidence neutral place on the theme Team­ "Living of the Gospel" of the generosity of the people. In this work in a Democracy.''' regard, as well as all others, our serv­ "Invite a rabbi, priest or minister T IVING of the Gospel, translated ice must be unto the Lord. to address your group, to explain his L into today's terms, means ade­ Moreover, we believe that it is right faith, symbols and worship." quate ministerial salaries. In dealing from time to time to recall the vows "The rights of man rest upon. the with this theme, the apostle Paul de­ that we have taken and the promises concepts of the dignity of man, which clared that the Lord ordained "that that we have made. Our obligations in turn rests upon the conviction that they that proclaim the gospel should vary as circumstances change. This ap­ all men are the sons of God." live of the gospel." This subject is plies to the minister and his solemn There are many things wrong with obviously of interest to ministers. But vows; when his people are passing these statements and appeals, but the we are taking it up here because we be­ through fiery trials, his responsibilities basic error is the notion that there is lieve that it should be of deep concern will increase. It applies also to the 56 THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN

people. At the installation of the min­ soul's destiny is at stake. The money would that destroy our Christian ister, the people promised to provide paid the pastor, assuming that he is a faith? There is one test to which all "competent worldly maintenance." faithful servant of the Lord Jesus theories must be brought, and that is Perhaps the salary' established at the Christ, is not to be compared with the test of the Bible. If the Bible -time of the call fulfilled this promise. the ordinary payment of wages. It is speaks upon a certain subject, what But it may very well fail to do so now. a gift, first of all, to the Lord. It is the Bible says is true and to be be­ Under the present circumstances, an investment in His work. It should lieved. Does the Bible then say any­ therefore, it is fitting that congrega­ be considered as a spiritual exercise thing about the age of the earth? tions should review the subject of the which expresses the faith that is in If you will open your Bible to the pastor's salary. The question should be us. True -spirituality may have many first chapter. of Genesis, you will. squarely faced whether the salary still tests. But one such test is our concern notice that in the margin-at least of leaves the pastor "free from worldly to sacrifice of our substance for the many Bibles-there is a date given­ care and avocation." sake of the furtherance of the king­ 4004 B. C. This is supposed to be the There are other reasons, besides dom of God. One of the most prac­ date of creation. Now this date is not regard for the Lord's command and a tical ways of living our Christianity, a part of God's Word; it is the date conscientious concern to be true to therefore, is to be zealous that the at which a certain Christian-Arch­ our promises under all circumstances, Lord's servants may be enabled to bishop Ussher-thought the world which should move us to face this perform their labors unhindered by began. James Ussher was a teacher of issue frankly and sacrificially. Our own worldly care. theology in Dublin. He wrote many books, but his most widely known work was a system of Biblical dates. Ussher died in 1656, and some un­ Science and Evolution known person inserted his dates in the margin of certain Bibles. Hence, Letters to a Boy Entering High School when you see opposite the first verse By the REV. EDWARD J. YOUNG, Ph.D. of Genesis the date, 4004 B. C., re­ Assistant Professor of Old Testament in Westminster Theologieal Seminary member that this was Ussher's date, and is not a part of the Bible. fART THREE years! How do men arrive at such If you will read the Bible carefully, figures? When you and I think back you will discover that it does not tell EAR TOM: . even ten years, it seems quite long, how old the earth is. Even if it could D When you have begun your and the four hundred odd years which be shown beyond a shadow of doubt studies in high school, you will dis­ take us back to the Reformation seem that the days mentioned in Genesis cover that new ideas are constantly be­ almost unbelievably long. One or two one were merely days of twenty-four ing presented to you. This is as it billion years! How can we possibly hours each-and it is questionable should be. Do not fear new ideas. know that the earth has been in ex­ whether the Bible intends to teach Do not fear to examine the~ care­ istence for such a length of time? this-still we would not know from fully. Some people easily fall into a It is perfectly natural and reason­ the Bible how old the earth was. rut and refuse even to consider an able to ask such a question. When In the fifth chapter of Genesis idea which is new to them. That atti­ anyone tells us how old the earth is, there is a list of ten men, and the tude, of course, is wrong. As a Chris­ we have every right to ask him how number of years which each of these tian, you should be willing ever to he knows. Let us then put the bi­ lived is also given. Some people have learn. ology textbook on the spot and ask tried to add all these numbers to­ One idea which you will meet and what the evidence is for saying that gether and thus to arrive at the age which will probably seem quite new the earth is one or two billion years of the earth. However, when one to you has to do with the age of the in age. reads the Bible more carefully, he dis­ earth. You will probably be told in In answer we shall be told that the covers that its purpose in mentioning high school that the earth is very old. presence of remains from ancient these ten men is not to make it pos­ a may even be asserted that the earth times gives a clue to the age of the sible for us to figure out how old the is at least a billion and possibly more earth. Such remains of plants and ani­ world is. Its purpose is quite different. than two billions years old. That is a mals, which have been deposited in Itspurpose is to show us how death­ statement which I found in the bi­ layers of rock, are called fossils, and that black monarch which appeared ology textbook which is used in the by a study of these fossil remains, it because of sin-reigned with undis­ high school which you plan-to attend, is said, man can tell approximately puted sway even over those who be­ Furthermore, this same book declares how old the earth is. Furthermore, lieved the promise of God. Against that the earth was in existence for we shall be told that the surface of the dark background of death's reign, ­ hundreds of millions of years before the earth is constantly changing, and one ray of promise stands out. One any kind of life appeared upon it. the study of some of these changes man, and one alone, does not die. Have you ever considered the ques­ enables one to discern how long the "And Enoch walked with God, and tion of the age of the earth? If not, earth has been in existence. he was not, for God took him" let's talk the matter over together. What shall we, as Christians, say (Genesis 5:24). God is yet on the When you read the figures presented about the question of the age of the throne. He is more powerful than in your textbook, you may very well earth? Suppose that it could be proved death. That is one of the principal feel like staggering. One or two billion that the earth was a billion years old, lessons of these verses. Ten represen- 57 1946 THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN

tative men are mentioned, as also the It is time to conclude this letter. reason for believing that the earth is fact that they lived long lives. But Even if it could be [roved that the not so old, and'about this subject we despite the fact that they lived long earth was billions 0 years old, the shall speak in another letter. lives, with one exception they died. Bible would not be contradicted, since Sincerely, These verses do not tell us how old the Bible does not say how old the the earth is. earth is. Nevertheless, there is good UNCLE JOE. i The InfalUble Word A Review by the REV. JOHN P. CLELLAND Pastor of Eastlake Orthodox Presbyterian Church, Wilmington, Del.

Faculty of Westminster Theological will not humbly submit themselves to Himself. To do otherwise is to place Seminary: THE INFALLIBLE WORD. Phila­ what He has spoken. Throughout man in judgment upon God. Protessoi delphia: PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN. 1946. modern theological discussion there Murray also treats briefly of the wit­ $z"o. . still runs the assumption that the old ness of the Holy Spirit, not as some­ HE Faculty of Westminster Theo­ dogma of Biblical infallibility is ab­ thing contrary to, or aside from, the T logical Seminary has contributed a surd. It is scarcely discussed. It is objective witness of Scripture, but as defense of the Bible as the inerrant simply taken for granted. Therefore .enabling sinful man "to perceive that Word of God, entitled The Infallible we believe the faculty of Westminster testimony and cause the Word of God WOld. The work is in the form of a Seminary has addressed itself to a to be borne home to the mind of man symposium with each of the seven crucial question in this book. The with ruling power and conviction." members of the faculty writing a theological climate will never be good Professor Young, head of the Old chapter on some aspect of the ques­ until men accept the Scriptures as the Testament department, discusses the tion. infallible lamp unto their feet and the authority of the Old Testament. He In many respects the theological inerrant light unto their path. shows that Christ accepted the Old climate has improved in recent years. In the symposium each member of Testament as authoritative not merely In the first decades of this century, the faculty has dealt with the ques­ in details but as being an authoritative the evangelical with his views of Cod, tion of the infallibility of the Word collection of books. He devotes most Christ, sin, judgment and grace was from the vantage point ofhis own de­ of his chapter to the subject of the rather contemptuously dismissed as partment. In many theological semi­ canon of the Old Testament or the "medieval" and obscurantist. The cur­ naries this would lead to diverse con­ question of how and when the various rent liberalism with its optimistic clusions but we are happy that in books were collected into one volume views of man and his progress was Westminster this is not so. From its of sacred scripture. The critics regard blithely confident that a non-theologi­ beginning, Westminster has stood for the collection as purely a man-made cal social gospel could bring in the the Bible as the very Word of God affair. Dr. Young maintains that the kingdom of God upon earth. The and it has so been taught in all de­ Spirit of the Lord led men naturally barometer of Modernism fell consider­ partments. There is therefore an in­ to accept what He had inspired. ably with the appearance of the storm­ tegration in the school that is too Dr. Stonehouse, Professor of New cloud known as Karl Barth, and the often lacking today, and though each Testament, takes up the authority of change in atmosphere has been ac­ writer makes his individual contribu­ the New Testament. He shows that centuated by, the tragic events of the tion, he writes as a member of a team. Christianity's conception of itself as past six years. Men have been sobered The result is a scholarly yet modern the fulfillment of the Old Testament and disillusioned and 'have come to a defense of the Bible as the infallible thereby points to a New Testament; healthier realization of the need for book. he cites the New Testament's claim theology and for a more realistic grasp Professor Murray, Professor of Sys­ to authority both in the teaching of of the great doctrines of sin and grace. tematic Theology, deals with the at­ our Lord and in the writing of the It is safe to say that there is more testation of Scripture. He shows that epistles; and finally he discusses the appreciation of the great creeds of to say the Bible must be fallible be­ canon of the New Testament. Har­ Christendom now than there was ten cause it comes through the instrumen­ nack and many other scholars say that years ago. tality of fallible men is to strip it of the church determined the canonicity As orthodox Christians we rejoice all authority. We cannot hold that of the books of the New Testament. in the passing of the old liberal climate they were fallible in matters' of fact Dr. Stonehouse holds with Dr. Young and the appearance of a better one, but infallible, in teaching, "spiritual" that the church in recognizing the but for us the skies are not sunny truth. He points to the overwhelming canon was only obeying the voice of yet. In fact we do not like the new evidence that the Bible claims to be the Lord speaking through the New climate either, and this for a very the Word of God and insists that this Testament itself. fundamental reason: Men may talk claim must be faced. If this claim be Professor Skilton, also of the New more about God but they will not rejected the Bible is a religious book Testament department, discusses the accept His Word without question, of dubious ethical value. We accept important question of the transmis­ men may exalt Christ but they still the claim as being God's witness to sion of the Scriptures. We do nothave 58 THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN Feltruary 25

the original manuscripts of Scripture. to the conclusions of the Higher fruit in the character, fruit of good It is then of vital importance that we Critics. But it is a good book, one works and fruit in the lives of others. have accurate copies of those orig­ which maintains the highest traditions inals. Mr. Skilton surveys the great of Westrninster as a school set for the The Importance.of the Fruit achievements of textual criticism in defense of the faith. We recommend Each person is inclined to think his determining the best text of Scripture it to ministers, theological students own character and work very im­ and shows, truly we believe, that be­ and intelligent laymen as one well portant; in fact, often indispensable. cause we do believe the Bible to be worth reading. Thus there is a tendency to consider the very Word of God we must engage higHly that fruit which we may pro­ in this so-called Lower Criticism in duce and to discount the importance order that we may remove errors that of other kinds. But the importance or have crept into the sacred text in the Kellogg each is clear from the Word of God. process of transmission. [Concluded from Page 52) Let God be judge and let us rather Professor Woolley of the Church strive to produce. History department devotes his part votion he labored day and night. Although we should be slow to in the symposium to a discussion of Beatings and imprisonment did not compare the relative value of the the proper interpretation of the Bible.. make him barren. The fruit of obedi­ fruits to God, yet we should immedi­ This is the layman's chapter of the ence continued to come forth abun­ ately see a certain order of importance book. Any layman can understand and dantly. for ourselves, an order of concern profit by the simple rules of interpre­ How wonderfully Dr. Machen pro­ about the fruit in our lives. It is the tation laid down III this brief chapter. duced such fruit for God! He presented order in which we have considered the Professor Kuiper, Professor of Prac­ his life a living sacrifice as he devoted fruit. If I do not have good fruit in tical Theology, in his chapter on his remarkable talents to the service my character then I cannot produce Scriptural Preaching pounds home the . of the Lord. In the classroom, on the the fruit of good works in my life, necessity of preaching only the Bible public platform, through the maga­ and if I do not have fruit in the char­ and all the Bible. He analyzes various zme, and over the radio, he en­ acter, though I may seem to influence types of preaching, and pleads for deavored continually to exalt Christ. many for good, yet in God's sight textual or exegetical preaching to the Such works of righteousness are in my efforts will deserve no reward, not end that the preacher may set forth, themselves fruits unto God, whether will they be pleasing to Him. It is, not his own ideas, but accurately and many respond or few. therefore, of the greatest importance fully what God has said. The true that I have the fruits of the Spirit in preacher will be both analytic and Fruit in the Lives of Others my life. Without them I am an evil synthetic, that, in detail and in rela­ There is, however, a third kind of tree which can only bring forth evil tion to the whole, his preaching may fruit. It has more to do with the re­ fruit and am therefore good for noth­ be Scriptural. sponse. The Psalmist writes, "He that ing but to be cut down. Without The faculty's philosopher, Dr. Van goeth forth and weepeth bearing good fruit in the character I will have Til, Professor of Apologetics, con­ precious seed, shall doubtless come no fruit at all for His glory. cludes with a chapter on Nature and again with rejoicing, bringing his In the second place, I must be con­ Scripture. God's special revelation does sheaves with him." In Daniel we read, cerned about the fruit of good works. not come to us in a vacuum. It comes "They that be wise shall shine as tile It is natural for everyone to desire to with general revelation-in other brightness of the firmament: and they see fruit in others. This desire often words, nature-as its background. The that turn many to righteousness as the influences us to use means of per­ God of the Bible is also the God of stars for ever and ever." Jesus spoke suasion which are not good. Perhaps nature. It is essential, therefore, that about such fruit when He said, "The a story is so enhanced as to make it we have a natural theology that is in harvest truly IS plenteous but the no longer true. Perhaps an element is accord with our theology of redemp­ laborers are few," and He sent His introduced into the worship service tion. In all things we must see and disciples out to bring in the harvest which is contrary to the willof God. acknowledge God as Lord and Crea­ of souls. Paul said that certain Thes­ These methods may seem to. work, tor. In a rapid review of philosophical salonian believers would be his crown but God is displeased. It is the old thought from Socrates to modem of rejoicing in Heaven. He had wit­ question of whether a man may en­ times, Dr. Van Til points out that nessed to them and they had re­ gage in sin that good may .come, unbelieving man has held a natural sponded by the grace of God. They whether he may do wrong if a good Ih theology which bars God and ulti­ were the fruit of Paul's labors. How end is in view. The answer God gives mately destroys reason itself. Only the wonderful when Paul entered heaven is always an emphatic, "No!" self-contained God of the Bible can and found such a crown! Although there is an order of con­ give order to nature, and to man a Charles Spurgeon .with the blessing cern, I must not lack zeal for the reason with which to "think God's of God's Spirit brought forth much of production of any kind. I must do my thoughts after Him." this fruit. Preaching to thousands he utmost to offer to God a life that The Infallible Word is a scholarly was blessed as he observed hundreds abounds with good fruit. If my life book and an orthodox one. We sadly turning to Christ under his ministry. is fruitless the worst tragedy will be­ need this combination in our days. It Dwight L. Moody also found hun­ fall. John the Baptist warned of it is not exhaustive, for the subject is dreds in his crown of rejoicing be­ when he said, "And now also the axe too large for that. We think a little cause, by the grace of God, he had IS laid unto the root of the trees: more might have been said in answer won many souls for Jesus. There is therefore every tree which bringeth 1946 THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN

not forth good fruit is hewn down sent fruit to the Lord of the vineyard, lives of the Philippians he said, "Being and cast into the fire." The writer to they would be destroyed. The greatest filled with the fruits of righteousness the Hebrews said, ", . . that which tragedy befalls fruitless people. They which are by Jesus Christ, unto the beareth thorns and briers is rejected are lost forever. glory and praise of God." Let us and is nigh unto cursing, 'whose end Not only must we be fruitful to therefore do our utmost to be more is to be burned." Jesus declared in escape eternal punishment but also fruitful in our characters, in our the parable of the wicked husband­ to realize our chief end in life. When righteous conduct, and in the lives of men that, because they did not pre- Paul prayed for fruitfulness in the others, that God may be glorified.

• The Open-Air Meeting A Report of the COMMITTEE ON WCAL EVANGELISM Of The Orthodox Presbyterian Church

PART ONE its subsequent national prosperity to intellectual level and personal dignity. the Wesleyan revival. Much of the Even Wesley at first recoiled before Biblical Basis and History preaching of this revival was done in the thought of open-air preaching for REACHING and teaching under the out-of-doors. Denied the privilege this reason. He knew that immediately P the canopy of heaven is a very of preaching within the consecrated he would be branded by many as an' ancient practice. On Mount Carmel walls of the church, Whitefield and "ignorant and unlearned" man. But Elijah dramatically challenged the Wesley were driven to the fields where perhaps the most basic reason for the worshippers of Baal. In the streets of people came by the thousands to hear average American's antipathy toward Nineveh Jonah called upon men to the preaching of the gospel, During open-air preaching is that he has been repent. In God's great out-of-doors the Great Awakening here in America, educated, however unwittingly, into John the Baptist heralded his great it was again the method of open-air a prejudice against the Christian gos­ message "Behold the Lamb of God." preaching that was so abundantly pel. America's antitheistic public Our Lord Himself stood second to blessed of the Lord to the reviving of school system and the deadening in­ none in employing the background of His people and to the extension of fluence of Modernism within the visi­ nature as a setting for the proclama­ His kingdom. ble chur.ch have had their deadly effect tion at His saving truth. By the sea­ upon the souls of men.- shore, on "the mount," and in busy The Great Problem These difficulties, however, are not thoroughfares our Lord preached and There is an acute problem that con­ to be taken as valid reasons for not taught. The New Testament Church fronts the open-air preacher in our day engaging in open-air preaching. God was probably born· in an open-air and age. The great problem is to get is sovereign and has enabled His serv­ ineeting on the day of Pentecost. By and to hold a sizeable audience. In ants to devise methods whereby the a river-bank at Philippi, on Mars Hill Whitefield's day the masses thronged problem of drawing a crowd has to a in Athens, and in the market-places, to hear his message. This is not true degree at least been overcome. We the .Apostle Paul heralded the un­ today; the multitudes pass us by. present at this point the recommenda­ searchable riches of Jesus Christ. What is the cause? What can be tioris that have come to us from min­ During. the Dark Ages the little gos­ done to assist in the solution of the isters who have had some degree of pel light that was preserved was due problem? success in obtaining a good hearing in to the fact that the mendicant friars Various factors may be said to con­ open-air preaching. They are as fol­

," and others like them went into the tribute to the listlessness of those lows: highways and by-ways in the service whom we seek to reach with the gos­ 1. Go where the people are, not of Christ. In pre-Reformation days the pel. There are the many attractive where we hope they will come. In Lollards of Wyclif, the disciples of forms of pleasure. No age of ministers most places where we have Orthodox Huss, and the followers of Gerard has had to compete with as many en­ Presbyterian churches, the Spring and Groot went forth with the Bible to ticing modes of pleasure as has the Summer are the only times that . the people. During the Reformation, minister of the twentieth century. It weather will permit the holding of since many of the established churches is reported of Moody that he looked outdoor services. During these seasons were closed to the true messengers of with apprehension on the popularity the people will be found in public the gospel the only pulpit that some of the bicycle, fearing its effect upon parks and squares, at seashore and of them could use was an improvised evangelistic meetings in America. The mountain resorts, by places of public .one under the canopy of heaven. automobile, the radio, and the moving amusement, and outside of factories In the eighteenth century the estab­ picture show have done much to make during lunch hours. Recently pro­ lished church in England had become the average open-air meeting appear vision has been made in England to decadent and the nation was on the unattractive. Another factor that has have chaplains for defense industries. verge of moral ruin and economic engendered a spirit of indifference to In at least one large industrial plant in revolution. Even secular historians, the open-air preacher is the attitude of America permission has been granted such as Lecky, attribute England's the average educated person. He con­ for the preaching of the gospel to the escape from ruin and revolution and siders such a method as. beneath his men during their lunch hour. Thesc 60 THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN Febraary 25

examples may be straws in the wind ice as the preaching of the Word in were present, most of whom had not indicating a tendency to recognize the the power of the Spirit. attended Sunday school for years. A need and the worth of bringing the 3. There are successful ways' of new high of 138 was 'reached in the Word of God to the working men of gathering a good audience. One way Sunday school on January 6th. . . .. our nation. Here may be an oppor­ is to have a nucleus of Christians to After-church sings in the homes of tunity to reach the heads of families go with the minister. A crowd draws members have almost doubled the whose very souls are being crushed out a crowd. When the passers-by observe attendance at the evening church of them by long hours and Sunday that a goodly number are listening services. work. In every city and town there are they will stop to satisfy at least their areas where large numbers of under­ curiosity. From that point on you Presbytery of the Dakotas privileged and spiritually neglected may depend upon the Word to elicit IRST Church, Denver, Coio.: people can be found. These areas and maintain their interest. A method F Proof of the ardent and fervent should be sought out and surveyed that has been used by some Roman preaching by the pastor, the Rev. W. with a 'view to securing a commodious Catholics with real success in drawing Benson Male, was given"bythe arrival meeting place. Most important of all, a crowd is the question and answer of the fire department just as he con­ pray for an open door. method. The minister seeks out a cluded his morning message on Janu- " 2. Go in absolute confidence in the passer-byand requests him to ask ques­ ary zoth. The firemen entered the truth and power of the gospel and in tions from a specified distance. The church as the congregation filed out. complete reliance upon the Holy Spirit minister then proceeds to answer the The pastor and congregation give to bless. Only as the love of God is man's questions. As others gather they, humble thanks to almighty God for "shed abroad in our hearts by the Holy too, are requested to ask questions. graciously protecting the building Spirit can we proclaim boldly, con­ When a sizeable group has been at­ from serious damage or destruction. vincingly, and winsomely the everlast­ tracted by this method the minister An overheated flue was charring the ing gospel. To this end, we need to may discourse on a subject of his timber beneath the flooring in front pray that we might be filled with the choice. of the pulpit platform and filling the Spirit. Nothing can draw and hold so auditorium with smoke and, but for well and so surely in an open-air serv- (To be concluded) the prompt measures taken, would soon have burst into flame. Faith Church, Lincoln, Nebr.: The Rev. R. H. Mcllwaine, who is serving as stated supply at Aurora, Nebr., re­ Orthodox Presbyterian cently gave an interesting message on missionary work in Japan before the ChurehNews Women's Missionary Society. First Church and Logan-Fontenelle Presbytery of California young people presided. Chapel, Omaha, Nebr.: The average OVENANT Church, Berkeley: First Church, San Francisco: Five attendance for the morning service C The building in which services members were received into com­ during the calendar year 1945 was have been held for the past three municant membership, four at the fifty-one. A goal of sixty-one has been years has been sold and the congrega­ regular communion service and one set for this year. Though the goal was tion must move. Negotiations are the week before.... Another faithful not reached in January, the attendance under way to purchase a dwelling for member has passed on to be with the averaged fifty-four, or nine above Jan­ temporary use.... A moving picture, Lord-Mrs. Margaret Mowat, mother uary a year ago. The financial goal "The Creation of God," will be shown of the clerk of the session. Mrs. Mowat for the year has been set at an aver­ in the church on Wednesday, January was a remarkable Christian woman­ age of sixty-five cents each week for ztith .... The following Sunday, Dr. almost 89 years of age, 'the mother of each member.... A Junior Machen Mark Fakkema will speak on the value thirteen children, with twenty-three League, which meets at the pastor's of the Christian day school. grandchildren, and sixteen great-grand­ home, has recently been organized. First Church, Long Beach: On children. She was alert until the last, Miss Mary Roberts has enlarged the January 13th a ground-breaking serv­ attending the morning worship the group attending the Children's Bible ice was held on the lots where the Sunday before her death. She had a Hour at the chapel, and also the new church will be erected. Work on great love for the Scriptures. young people's group. the building is expected to start in Beverly Church, Los Angeles: Guest February. preacher at both services on Decem­ Presbytery of New Jersey Westminster Church, Los Angeles: ber 23rd was Chaplain James E. OVEN ANT Church, East Orange: At the communion service on Febru­ Moore. The pastor, Dwight H. C On Wednesday evening, January ary 3rd, one member was received on Poundstone, who has been recover­ 9th, Dr. Alexander K. Davison was in­ reaffirmation of faith and two children ing from polio, resumed his preach­ stalled as pastor by a committee of were baptized .... The officers have ing activities on the first Sunday of presbytery. The Rev. Robert L. Atwell set a goal of $25° for the quarterly the new year, after being absent from of Westfield, presided as moderator, Building Fund offering. . . . At the the pulpit for almost four months .... the Rev. Edwin H. Rian of Phila­ "All Eagle Rock Sing" there were 186 A men's Bible class has been organ­ delphia delivered the evening message, high school young people present in ized. On January 6th, the third Sun­ and charges to the pastor and con­ Westminster Church, and one of the day of its operation, thirteen men gregation were given by ;:he Rev. THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN 61

James W. Price of Morristown ,and a watch-night praise and prayer service the army and now at Hope College ,the Rev. Bruce A. Coie of Warren on December 31st.... Miss Charlotte preparing for the ministry. . . . Miss 'Point. ... Three communicant mem­ Van Deusen is now GUARDIAN Club Ruth McDowell, superintendent of bers and three baptized children were Secretary for the congregation and a the young people's department of the welcomed into the membership of the number of members are placing orders Sunday school, is now recovering from church during the past month. ... for subscriptions.... On Sunday eve­ an almost fatal attack of pneumonia. A ministry of intercession has been ning, January 13th, the pastor, the ... On January 30th, a covered dish started on Sabbath mornings during Rev. Raymond M. Meiners, addressed fellowship supper was held in the the half-hour preceding the beginning a young people's vesper service spon­ church basement, at which the guests of the day's activities. sored by the Reformed Presbyterian of honor were eight returned service Grace Church, Tteuton: At the Church of Duanesburg, whose pastor men. The supper was preceded by a communion service in January, four is the Rev. Alfred E. Parsons (West­ half-hour song service.A servicemen's young people were received into com­ minster Seminary, '39). The pulpit of quartet sang, and each veteran was municant membership upon profes­ the Schenectady church was filled by called upon for a few words as to his sion of faith.... The Rev. Marion the pastor's brother, Mr. Harry H. length of service, theaters in which Currie, assistant pastor of the First Meiners, Jr., recently discharged from he served, and his future plans. Two Presbyterian Church (U.S.), of Kings­ port, Tenn., was guest preacher at the morning service on January i 3th... '. The Senior Machen League has begun holding its meetings on Friday eve­ nings, After a. social hour, a period of Just off the Press! Bible study is devoted to a series of lessons in which one book of the New Testament is surveyed each evening. ...A number of the young people The Infallible enjoyed the Quarryville Rally at Wil­ low Grove on January 4th. Calvary Church, Ringoes: The Quarterly Fellowship Supper was held on January zand, with the men of the Word church in charge.... One new com­ municant member was added to the A Symposium by the Members of the Faculty of roll on February 3rd. Faith Church, Pittsgrove: The Rev. Westminster Theological Seminary Edward B. Cooper is dean of the Weekday Bible Hour held at the Monroeville Public School for ninety­ The point of view of this volume is the historic doctrine that the five pupils from grades three to eight. Bible is the infallible Word of God. It has been written with the aim He is also teaching in the Bible Hour of clarifying and affirming that doctrine in the face of modern attacks at Daretown Public School, reaching upon it. about ninety pupils. Both schools meet on Thursday, and will continue CONTENTS until May. The Attestation of Scripture, by The Transmission of the Scrip. Presbytery of New York John Murray tures, by John H. Skilton and New England EMORIAL Church, Rochester, The Authority of the Old Testa- The Relevancy of Scripture, by M N. Y.: In January of this year a ment, by Edward J. Young Paul Woolley young married men's society was or­ The Authority of the New Testa- Scriptural Preaching, by R. B. ganized for prayer and Bible study. ment, by Ned B. Stonehouse Kuiper Mr. John Schumacher, who has had several years of experience in young Nature and Scripture, by Cornelius Van Til people's work, is the leader of this group. Several of the young men who Order through your bookstore, or di~ect from the publisher. have returned from the service have joined this group. The society meets each Thursday evening.... The Price, $2.50 a copy young married ladies meet on Wednesday evening under the leader­ Published by ship of Miss Jacobson. Calvary Ch urch, Schenectady, The Presbyterian Guardian N. Y.: Following refreshments in the basement, the congregation joined in 1505 RACE STREET PHILADELPmA 2, PA. 82 THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDI~N February 25 veterans and one man still in service of other churches and schools in the church's non-eommunicant members are planning to study for the ministry city. enrolled in catechetical classes ... of the gospel. The speaker of the eve­ Knox Church, Silver Spring, Md.: Those who are in the first six grades ning was the Rev. Herman T. Peter­ Five new members were received at in the public schools are studying sen, pastor of Covenant Church, the January communion service, bring­ Bible history under Delores Voskuil, Albany. In spite of several cases of ing the communicant membership to Mrs. John Schreurs and Mrs. Clarence illness and a four-inch snowfall in the forty. Despite a low of eighty on the TenPas. The pastor has about fifty­ afternoon, over sixty people attended. last Sunday in January, after an eight­ six in Bible doctrine classes. inch snowfall the preceding night, at­ Presbytery of Ohio tendance at Sunday school during Eyres OVENANT Church, Indianapolis: January averaged 103, a gain over a (Concluded trom Page 51) C On Friday evening, January 25th, year ago (the first month in our new a special missionary meeting was held building) of forty-one per cent. A nity, for whatever reason, was an at­ at which time the Rev. Richard B. record attendance of 165 was reached tempt to restrict religious -Iiberty Gaffin of Milwaukee showed motion at the Christmas program. The Phi­ which the Constitution of the United pictures of his work in China. The lologus Class (young married couples) States guarantees to all. The attitude meeting was well attended and after at its recent monthly evening social of the Council seemed better from the service the ladies of the church sent $10 toward the car for the mis­ that point on. The Mayor thereafter served light refreshments. The follow­ sionaries in Eritrea. Since last Sep­ pointedly asked each remonstrant ing Sunday, Mr. Gaffin preached at tember, $1025 has been given toward these two questions: "Do you object both services, while the pastor, the the $2000 set as a goal before con­ to the type of building which has been Rev. Martin J. Bohn, supplied the struction can be begun on a much­ proposed?" and, "Do you object to pulpit in Milwaukee.... The church needed gable wing addition to pro­ having any church at all?" To both is being greatly improved by interior vide more Sunday school classroom of these questions each objector decorating. space. An attractive directional sign, answered in the affirmative. It then large enough to be read easily by remained for the Council to deny our Presbytery of Philadelphia motorists, has been placed a block application on the strength of their ALVARY Church, Middletown, from the church on Colesville Pike, objections or to grant us additional C Pa.: The Calvary Fellowship, a -"U. S. 29." A delegation of six young time to bring up new plans and a young people's organization of the people and the pastor attended the new statement of financial ability ade­ church, recently sponsored a Wel­ Quarryville rally at Willow Grove, quate to the completion of such plans. come Home Banquet for returned Pa., on January 4th. Elder Julius A unanimous decision was given in servicemen. The banquet was held in Andrae and the pastor took eight favor of the latter. It is too early to the home of the Rev. and Mrs. Robert young people to the January Machen say that we have won our battle, but S. Marsden, and sixty persons at­ League rally at -Kirkwood,.Pa. all indications point to a victory for tended. . . . Three persons were re­ Bethany Church, Nottingham, Pa.: us provided the stiff requirement is ceived into communicant church The young people are undertaking a met that we have money on hand to membership on January zoth, Com­ study in the book of Romans with a complete building before permission municant classes are now being held work book purchased from the Moody to begin building will be granted. in preparation for receiving several at Press. At the introductory lesson, The real issues seem to us to be the time of the spring communion there were many more present than these: for the last few months .... A com­ service. A civil body such as the Portland bined meeting of the Kirkwood Guild City Council has a right to require Covenant Church, Pittsburgh, Pa.: and the Bethany Young People's Fel­ Two communicant members were re­ some assurance of financial solvency lowship is planned for March i st. This cently received, one by confession of from any organization which contem­ will be the first of many such joint plates building. It also has the right faith, the other by reaffirmation of gatherings. faith.... The interior of the church to require that community building and architectural standards be com­ is being prepared for plastering. . . . Presbytery of Wisconsin plied with. It can make and enforce A "Talent Day" in Sunday school was ALVARY Church, Cedar Grove: rules for public safety and, against most successful in unearthing hidden C The Rev. John Verhage, pastor of public nuisance. Beyond this it may talent among the children and young Bethel Church, Oostburg, was guest not legitimately go in restricting people that can be used in the Lord's preacher on Sunday evening, Janu­ churches from building. Thus it seems service.... The pastor is making his ary zoth. He spoke on the theme obvious that asking advice from a re­ annual pastoral visits among the con­ "Procrastination," based upon the text ligious body such as the Portland gregation. of Acts 24:24-26. Mr. Verhage is a Council of Churches as to the dis­ Eastlake Church, Wilmillgton, graduate of Wisconsin Memorial position of a purely civil question is Del.: The redecorating of the church Academy, Cedar Grove.... An offer­ a violation of the principle of the auditorium, stairs and hallways has ing of about $180 for Holland relief separation of church and state. It is been completed and the painting of was received the same day.... At equally wrong for a religious body to the Sunday school rooms is now under the annual corporation. meeting on presume to influence a civil body in consideration .... The Junior Machen January zSth, Lester DuMez and the disposition of its lawful duties. League Basket Ball Team is having a Harvey Hilbelink were elected trus­ Were the Portland Council of very successful season meeting teams tees.... There are about 107 of the Churches the acme of orthodoxy, such THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN . 63

collaboration would still be unchris­ ent brother brought upon him God's an outstanding type of his Seed who tian and un-American, It was further curse. Jealousy within a household should die a substitutionary sacrifice unjust that the Portland Council of almost always brings grief. How care­ on that same Mount Moriah. Churches' opinion was allowed to fully should we train our children to 10TH. GEN. 25:27-34 enter into the case and prejudice it have regard for one another, always Twin sons were born to Isaac. The from the very beginning. Involved in admiring the other's success! elder, Esau, a man of the forests and the whole affair is a violation of the 6TH. GEN. 9:20-29 fields, was loved by his father. Jacob, ' principle of religious liberty, for cen­ A shameful. picture is presented in a quieter keeper of the herds, was his tral planning for the religious needs this incident in the life of Noah and mother's boy. Paternal favoritism laid of a community is one thing and the his sons. Noah so far forgot himself the groundwork for a lifetime of mis­ right of any religious group to propa­ as to be drunken, thus placing a temp­ understanding between these brothers. gate its doctrines and to provide tation before his sons. Shamelessly Thought only for present, personal needed material aids to that end is Ham gazed upon his father's naked­ comfort on the part of Esau and a quite another. ness, thus bringing upon himself h.is better evaluation of higher things on Maya majority at property owners, father's curse. Shem and Japheth III the-part of Jacob was the structure \' for whatever reasons they choose, com­ their modesty received their father's built on this foundation which made bine to keep a church trom being built blessing. It is needful both to instruct these brothers unbrotherly. May you in any given community? We believe and to set an example of modesty who read this have a different experi­ that they may only if they are pre­ before our children, being mindful of .ence, as have I, whose impartial par­ pared to pay the. price-buy all avail­ the sinful nature with which we are ents and kind, wise and generous able real estate and then sell it to born. brother sealed a bond of love between If those of whom they approve. it 7TH. GEN. 11:1-9 us brothers that has endured. were clear, as it is argued, that The sons of 'Noah and their de­ churches devaluate surrounding prop­ scendants, self-willed and full of erty, we might ask if the civil powers worldly ambition, presumed to enter are entrusted with the superhuman heaven when and as they wished. But task of insuring the dollar-value of any the very thing which they designed to citizen's material holdings! Surely not keep them in one place became the when such activity comes into conflict very cause of their being scatter~d. with one of our inalienable rights. As The pyramids of the pharaohs, like matters have boiled down, this is the issu~ the tower of Babel, are symbols of that must be determined by the man's pride and ambition. "Train up Portland City Council some time a child in the way he should go, and prior to February 23, 1946. (We have when he is old, he will not depart been granted ninety days from the last from it." hearing to appear with our revised 8TH. GEN. 19:12~22 plans.) Our church is in need of the prayers What a sad ficture opens before us in the words a this passage: "But he Balance Your Budget § of God's people that we may meet seemed as one that mocked unto his the stipulated requirements for sound sons in law!" Apparently this was true MWions of financial backing-for our congrega­ of his sons likewise. What a sad com­ SUNFLOWER DISH CLOTHS tion an overwhelming task; that the mentary on Lot's faithlessness as a true issue be unobscured and that a have heen sold hy individuals and groups father! So hesitant had Lot been to who needed more cash. Finest quality victory, not for ourselves alone but f?r cloths. They provide 'an answer to your reprove, so hasty to choose the we~l persistent question-How can I get that all the forces of evangelical Chns­ watered places, so ambitious for hIS tianity, be won in Portland; and that family that he had neglected to teach ~ ~:;::~ M"ills-EsL 1915 a pattern be set for similar yictories § them of God and His righteousness. ~ Cohoes, N. Y. § in other cities where Modernism and Thus with the warning upon his lips ~~ Indifferentism have hitherto held now he seemed as one that mocked. sway. Evidently, he had not restrained his daughters from marrying unbelievers. CLERICAL PULPIT ROBES Choir Gowns in All Styles 9TH. GEN. 21:9-11; 22: 5-14 In these passages you have a con­ CASSOCKS ~fAMILY trast in the attitude of the sons of SURPLICES - STOLES • ALTAR Abraham. Ishmael, the elder, mocked CHURCH HANGINGS at the time of Isaac's birth. Isaac, on ALTAR LINENS Children-Good or Evil? the other hand, meekly became the CLERICAL SUITS - CLOAKS MAR. 5TH. GEN. 4:'1-15 sacrifice for his father on Mount RABATS-RABATVESTS-COLLARS-SHIRTS MONG the children of Adam and Moriah. The son of self-will and man's Inquiries Invited A Eve, Cain and Abel were the conniving became the father of one oldest. The wilful offering of Cain of Christianity's greatest foes-Islam. C. M. ALMY & SON, INC. brought upon him God's disfavor. The son of promise and patience re­ 562 Fifth Avenue, New York 19,N. Y. The wilful slaying of his more obedi- ceived the covenant promises and was 84 . THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN . . 11TH. GEN. 37 people, he yet dared to hew down the Poor' Jacob, who was so shrewd in sacred grove and offer a sacrifice unto CHOIR GOWNS PULPIT ROlES some ways, never seemed to learn in the Lord. Encamped against an over­ others. He did not hide his partiality whelming host, he yet dared to be­ ' ...... ·H ·sw...... 1 1 . to Joseph. Envy drove his ten brothers lieve God and go against them with NIW CATALO$ _ .~ to sell Joseph into bondage and mis­ but three hundred men, unarmed. represent his fate before their father. Faith and fearlessness were keynotes Favoritism on the part 0'£ the parent in Gideon's life. Joash had wisdom to was but father to the conspiracy on back his son in all that God called on the part of the brothers. What an him to do. unwholesome atmosphere these rugged 16TH. JUDGES 9:1-21 SUNDAY SCHOOL men lived in! What about your home? "Like father, like son" is an old PAPERS Quickly heal the misunderstandings, proverb which has exceptions. Abime­ calling upon the Lord for His grace lech the son of Gideon is a notable Edited by Reformed and help. exception. Ambitious, crafty and Bible Teaebers 12TH. GEN. 44:18-34 blood-thirsty, he slew his seventy Bible Lessons in Bible Order During the long years of Joseph's brothers in order that he might reign' sojourn in Egypt, there was an appar­ over Israel. He was not called of God Beautiful Colored Pictures for ent change in the heart of Judah, one to the throne as was his father; rather the Primary Classes of his older brothers. Judah had made he usurped the position..Having come Large Amount of Help for a half-hearted plea for Joseph (37:27) to power by disgraceful means, he died the Teaebers which probably saved his life, but it in' a disgraceful way. "Follow after Aale for aamplea did not effect the restoration of peace with all men!" CHRISTIAN REFORMED Joseph. Now, however, Judah inter­ 17TH. RUTH 1 PUBLISHING HOUSE cedes for his father and for his young­ One of the sweetest relationships in' Gr_d Rapldo, Mich. est brother Benjamin. This may some­ life can be that of a mother and her what explain the final blessing be­ daughter-in-law. Who can gainsay this stowed upon Judah by Jacob (the after looking at the life of Ruth and outcome of which was the birth of Naomi? The gracious loyalty and de­ Christ in the tribe of Judah). votion of Ruth, the wise counsel and 13TH. GEN. 45:1-15 foresight of Naomi, are as two musical In striking contrast to the manner notes that blend into a harmonious and deserts of his brothers, Joseph's sound. May each household be such forgiving spirit shines as a bright star a symphony of harmonious music! in the family of Jacob. Looking back Ghrist, abiding in the heart of each, over his experiences from the first, in provides the unifying melody. the pit, in Potiphar's, in prison and 18TH. I SAM. 2:12-34 in the palace, we note a godliness and The miserably wicked lives of the integrity which should be instilled in sons of Eli reflect 'the outcome of each of our children, by prayer, pre­ paternal indulgence. In our days there NURSES' HOME cept and personal example. are parents who think their child can 14TH. NUM. 12 do no wrong; who fear the conse­ NURSES A man of the tribe of Levi had quences of punishing and correcting three children. The youngest was him. Out of such homes comes a chosen by God to fulfill the greatest lawless generation. Upon such homes NURSES' AIDES office of his time. Moses was to lead rests the displeasure of God. In such Israel out of bondage, deliver to them communities there is no fear of God. ATTENDANTS the Law of God, bring them to the Where there is no fear of God there land of promise. Closely associated are fearful consequences. with him were Aaron and Miriam. It 19TH. I SAM. 2:35-3:10 STUDENT NURSES is a pity that they should have so far In refreshing contrast to the lascivi­ YOUNG MEN AND YOUNG WOMEN forgotten that Moses was chosen of ousness, sacrilege and avarice of Eli's God as to rebel against their younger sons is the piety, humility and devo­ TAKE TRAINING brother's leadership. Age and relation­ tion of Samuel the son of Elkanah ship are of no consequence in the and Hannah. They had not only YOUR SERVICES spiritual kingdom, as over against prayed for him but had him constantly God's call. in their thoughts. They placed him in ARE NEEDED 15TH. JUDGES 6: 1-21 the spiritual environment of the house , WRITE Gideon the son of Joash stands out of God, where they themselves wor­ among the judges of Israel. Threat­ shiped. No wonder he grew in favor SUPERVISOR OF NURSES ened on every side by the Midianite both with the Lord and also with enemy, he yet dared to thresh his men! Under what influence are your tHRISTIAN SANATORIUM wheat. Surrounded on every side by children? WYCKOFF, N. J. the idolatrous worship of his own -HENRY D. PHILLIPS