Revision of the family Asteroseriidae (, , Cretaceous)

Hannes LÖSER Estación Regional del Noroeste, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Blvd. Luis Donaldo Colosio S/N y Madrid, Campus UNISON 83250 Hermosillo, Sonora (Mexico) [email protected]

Löser H. 2013. — Revision of the family Asteroseriidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia, Cretaceous). Geodiversitas 35 (1): 21-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2013n1a2

ABSTRACT The Cretaceous coral family Asteroseriidae (suborder Fungiina) is revised on the basis of its type and respective type . The family encompasses small solitary patellate corals with compact septa in a regular hexameral symmetry. Septa are made of large trabeculae expressed in a regularly ornamented upper septal margin and septal lateral face. Synapticulae are present. In addition to the name-giving genus Asteroseris de Fromentel, 1867, the genera Actinoseris KEY WORDS d’Orbigny, 1849 and Microseris de Fromentel, 1867, from the Cretaceous of Scleractinia, France are assigned to the family. All genera are revised on the basis of the types Asteroseriidae, of their respective type species, as far as available. Possible species of all three corals, Cretaceous, genera are presented. The family ranges from Hauterivian to Cenomanianof Tethys. the Tethys.

RÉSUMÉ Révision de la famille Asteroseriidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia, Crétacé). Une révision de la famille Asteroseriidae (sous-ordre Fungiina) du Crétacé est proposée sur la base de son genre type et de son espèce type, respectivement. La famille est caractérisée par de petits polypiers solitaires et patelles avec éléments radiaires compacts avec une symétrie hexamérale régulière. Les trabécules son grands et les éléments radiaires montrent une forte ornementation sur leur face latérale et leur bord distal. La famille contient les genres Asteroseris de Fro- MOTS CLÉS mentel, 1867, Actinoseris d’Orbigny, 1849 et Microseris de Fromentel, 1867 du Scleractinia, Crétacé de la France. Tous les genres sont révisés sur la base des types de leurs Asteroseriidae, espèces types quand elles sont disponibles. Les espèces de tous les genres sont coraux, Crétacé, présentées. La famille a une distribution stratigraphique allant du Hauterivien Thétys. au Cénomanien de Téthys.

GEODIVERSITAS • 2013 • 35 (1) © Publications Scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.geodiversitas.com 21 Löser H.

INTRODUCTION France, Yonne, Fontenoy. Calcaire à Spa- tangus, basal Hauterivian, Radiatus zone Small cupolate, discoid or patellate solitary corals (F.448): MNHN.F.B14285. are uncommon in siliclastic environments in the Greece, Viotía, Arachova. Evangelistria conglom- Cretaceous. They are difficult to separate from erates, Early Aptian (GR.976): MB K583-2. initial states of any other solitary or even colo- Spain, Alicante, (Valencia, Mun. Morella, Morella. nial corals and therefore can only be recognised Early Aptian (E.717): BSPG 2003 XX 4748, 4749. as distinct species when occurring in consider- The present study is – as far as possible – based able quantity. Their small size makes sometimes on type material. However, thin sections could examination difficult. Sections and thin sections not be obtained from the types because that often result in nearly complete loss of the sample. would have resulted in the loss of the specimen. All these factors combine to make this type of Therefore, thin sections of topotypical material coral poorly known. The present study compiles are also included. Several of these thin sections data on the members of the family Asteroserii- are taken from the collection of the MNHN. dae, which includes species arrayed among three Thin sections were compared to types, as far as very similar genera occurring from Hauterivian available, and to the original description to en- to Cenomanian in the Tethys. sure that the characteristics of the examined thin sectioned specimens fit into the concept of the concerned species and genus. As many species and MATERIAL AND METHODS samples have been included as possible. Because of the small size of the individual coralla, they The material comes from various localities. Most are widely ignored in the fossil record, often not of them are listed, commented upon, and provided recognised as corals and in most cases not ad- with additional references in Löser et al. (2005). equately described and illustrated. All diagnoses Only details not reported in the 2005 publication are based on the studied material. are mentioned here. If no sample number is given, the material from the locality concerned was not Abbreviations available for study. Each sample number refers to Institutions only one specimen. BSPG Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, München; MB Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin; Material examined MNHN.F Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France, Aube, Vallières. Calcaire à Spatangus, basal Collection de Paléontologie; Hauterivian, Radiatus zone (F.2077). SMF Senckenbergmuseum, Frankfurt/M. France, Aude, Padern, SE Le Crès, 1.45 km WSW Padern. Early Albian, Mammillatum zone. This lo- Other abbreviations cality very probably corresponds to that reported (v) the material has been studied; by Alloiteau (1948). The locality was sampled by c calicular diameter; s number of septa. the author in 1997: SMF 75576, 75617, 75632, 75639, 75640, 75651, 75658. France, Sarthe, Le Mans. Middle to Late SYSTEMATICS Cenomanian, Rhotomagense-Geslinianum zone (F.283): MNHN.F.M03501, M03523, A49177, Order SCLERACTINIA Bourne, 1900 A49178. Suborder FUNGIINA Verrill, 1870 France, Yonne, 4 km E Leugny. Calcaire à Spatangus, basal Hauterivian, Radiatus zone. The locality is close Family Asteroseriidae Alloiteau, 1952 to the classic outcrop area of Leugny and was sampled by the author in 1997/1998: BSPG 2003 XX 6058. Range. — Hauterivian to Cenomanian.

22 GEODIVERSITAS • 2013 • 35 (1) Revision of the family Asteroseriidae

Diagnosis. — Small solitary patellate corallum, gener- 1867 and Microseris de Fromentel, 1867. Both gen- ally free-living, but often attached to a small piece of era were monospecific when established. Included shell debris or a benthic foraminifer. Calicular outline Actinoseris circular. Septa compact. Symmetry of septa radial and here is d’Orbigny, 1849, which was regularly hexameral with regular cycles. Septal cycles considered by Alloiteau (1956, unpubl.) to belong differ in length, but almost not in thickness. Septa of to the Siderastraeidae Vaughan & Wells, 1943, but younger cyles often and regularly connected to septa by Zlatarski (1968) to belong to the Funginellidae. of preceeding cycles. Septal upper margin with regular Actinoseris was established with two species. More large dentations, lateral face with granulae arranged in species were later assigned to all three genera. The vertical rows. Pali or paliform lobes absent. Synapticulae present, in a regular pattern. Columella formed by septal genera differ by the formation of their columella fusion in the centre of the calice or parietal. Endotheca and the distribution of synapticulae. In Asteroseris absent. Wall compact, formation unknown. septa of the first cycle are fused together in the centre of the calice, whereas in both other genera a Remarks trabecular columella exist. The distinction between Microstructures are hardly preserved in all stud- Actinoseris and Microseris is weak; both genera differ ied specimens, but the coarsly ornamented upper only in the distribution of synapticulae. margins of the septal distal border suggests that the septa are composed of large trabeculae. Genus Actinoseris d’Orbigny, 1849 Systematic position The comparable large trabeculae, ornamentation Type species. — Actinoseris cenomaniensis d’Orbigny, 1849, by monotypy. The type species is valid as combined of the lateral face and upper margin of the septa, description of genus and species. and the pattern of the synapticulae clearly indi- cates that the family should be placed into the Range. — Hauterivian to Cenomanian. suborder Fungiina. The existence of fulturae (Gill Diagnosis. — Solitary patellate corallum. Calicular 1981) could only be proven in one species due to outline circular. Septa compact. Microstructure of septa preservation problems and the scarcity of samples. unknown. Septa in cross section externally slightly thicker, The Asteroseriidae are probably the ancestors of the and slightly thinner towards the centre of the calice. Septal modern . maximum thickness 250 µm. Symmetry of septa radial and regularly hexameral. Cycles of septa regular. Septal Comparison cycles differ in length, almost not in thickness. First three septal cycles extended to the centre of the calice, The Micrabaciidae Vaughan, 1905 (suborder Fungii- later cycles are shorter. Septa of younger cycles often and na) have perforated septa and a perforated wall. The regularly connected to septa of preceeding ones. Septal Funginellidae Alloiteau, 1952 (suborder Fungiina, upper border smooth (probably due to preservation), currently only encompassing the genera Funginella lateral face with numerous fine thorns, inner margin d’Orbigny, 1849 and Elasmogyra Beauvais, 1982) are unknown. Pali or paliform lobes absent. Costae present. Costae ornamented with fine granules on their surface. characterised (based on the type material of Cyclolites Synapticulae present, irregularly distributed. Columella haueri Michelin, 1847, type species of Funginella) composed of a group of isolated granules. Endotheca by much larger coralla showing septa with larger tra- unknown. Wall present, compact, structure unknown. beculae. The fine structure of the septa and presence or absence of synapticulae in these taxa are unknown. Remarks The members of the Cyclolitidae Milne-Edwards & For the type species, only the complete type speci- Haime, 1849 (suborder Microsolenina) are also larger men and thin sections of topotypical specimens and show pennulae and perforated septa. were available. The structure of the synapticulae and the endotheca could not be observed because Genera of the family no longitudinal thin sections could be prepared and The family was established for two solitary coral because the type specimen is eroded and barely shows genera of the Cenomanian: Asteroseris de Fromentel, ornamentation. Species other than the type species

GEODIVERSITAS • 2013 • 35 (1) 23 Löser H.

show a regular dentation of the septal upper margin Dimensions. — MNHN.F.M03501, lectotype, c = and vertical lines of granulae on the septal lateral 14 mm, s = 96 ; MNHN.F.A49177, topotype, c = face corresponding to the dentations. The existence 12 mm, s = 96. of fulturae is possible, but could not be proven with Occurrence. — (?) Early Cenomanian: Germany the available material; they are reported by Alloiteau (Bayern) Ettal, Lichtenstättgraben; Bulgaria (Pleven) (1957: 339). The endotheca is absent in species other Novatchené. Middle to Late Cenomanian: France (Sarthe) Le Mans than the type species, although Alloiteau (1957: 339) (MNHN.F.M03501, MNHN.F.A49177). claimed it existed. Alloiteau obviously had more material on hand, but it could not be found at the Remarks MNHN. The type locality has been inaccessible for The lectotype is an unsectioned specimen that a long time and does not allow re-collection. is not very well-preserved. It does not allow any Actinoseris cannot be assigned to the Funginellidae destructive examination. Better diagnostic features as formerly proposed. Funginella d’Orbigny, 1849 were found in a thin section (MNHN.F.A49177) was long considered congeneric with the genera of labelled as Actinoseris cenomaniensis, the specimen the Asteroseriidae assuming that F. neocomiensis being very similar in size and septal pattern to d’Orbigny, 1850 is the type species (for instance the lectotype. The material described by Söhle Beauvais 1982: II, 117). Hence, the type species (1897) could not be found in the collections of is Cyclolites haueri Michelin, 1847, as designated the BSPG. by Wells (1936). The genus cannot be assigned to the Siderastraeidae because of the comparably lower density of ornamentation of the lateral faces Actinoseris escosurae (Mallada, 1887) of septa and lower number of synapticulae. (Fig. 1D-H)

Cycloseris Escosurae Mallada, 1887: 167; 1890: pl. 61, figs 5-7. — Bataller 1947: 67, text-fig. — Russoet al. Actinoseris alloiteaui Beauvais & Zlatarski, 1966 1996: 200, figs 4-7, pls 1-4.

Actinoseris? alloiteaui Beauvais & Zlatarski, 1966: 1171, Dimensions. — BSPG 2003 XX 4748, c = 11 mm, s = 96. text-fig. 1, pl. 1, figs 1-10. Occurrence. — Early Aptian: Spain (Valencia, Ali- Dimensions. — c 9 mm, s 48. cante) Mun. Alicante, Loma de Guyón; Mun. Morella, Morella (BSPG 2003 XX 4748, 4749; Spain (Valencia, Occurrence . — Late Barremian to Early Aptian: Pu- Castellón) Pont de Taules. shevo, Bela river (Veliko Tarnovska oblast, Bulgaria). (?) Early Albian: Spain (Cataluña, Tarragona) Com. Baix Remarks Penedés, Marmellà, Can Xuec. The species is distinguished from the other two species by the lower number of septa. Remarks The material is well-preserved. The septal upper margin shows regular dentations that correspond to Actinoseris cenomaniensis d’Orbigny, 1849 vertical lines of granulae on the septal lateral faces. (Fig. 1A-C) The endotheca is absent. The wall is compact and with regular granulae at the surface (aboral face of Actinoseris cenomanensis d’Orbigny, 1849: 12 (v); 1850: the corallum). 180 (v). — Alloiteau 1957: 339, fig. 229, pl. 1, fig. 6 (v). The type material should be kept at the Insti- tuto Tecnológico GeoMinero de España (Madrid, Cycloseris Cenomanensis – de Fromentel 1863: 372, pl. 49, fig. 2. — ? Söhle 1897: 42, pl. 5, fig. 3. Spain), but this could not be verified. Dimensions and illustrations are based on topotypical material ? Asteroseris coronula – Tchechmedjeva 1995: 63, pl. 13, from the type locality. The species is distinguished fig. 7. from A. cenomaniensis by a much smaller columella.

24 GEODIVERSITAS • 2013 • 35 (1) Revision of the family Asteroseriidae

ABC

D E F

G I J

H

KLM

Fig 1. — A-C, Actinoseris cenomaniensis d’Orbigny, 1849; A, B, MNHN.F.M03501, lectotype, in oral (A) and aboral (B) views; C, trans- verse thin section (MNHN.F.A49177); D-H, Actinoseris escosurae (Mallada, 1887), BSPG 2003 XX 4749 in oral (D) and aboral (E) views; F, BSPG 2003 XX 4748, transverse thin section; G, H, BSPG 2003 XX 4749, longitudinal thin sections; G, lateral, H, central; I, Actinoseris neocomiensis (d’Orbigny, 1850), BSPG 2003 XX 6058, oral view; J, K, Asteroseris coronula (de Fromentel, 1863); J, transverse thin section (MNHN.F.A49178); K, BSPG 2003 XX 4640, transverse thin section; L, Asteroseris sp., MB K583-2, transverse thin section; M, Microseris hemisphaerica de Fromentel, 1867, MNHN.F.M03523, syntype, transverse slab. Scale bars: 2 mm.

GEODIVERSITAS • 2013 • 35 (1) 25 Löser H.

Russo et al. (1996) reported the autecology of Remarks the coral and assigned it with question to Cycloseris, The species was established without giving a type which is ruled out here. Russo et al. (1996) did not locality. The type material could not be located consider members of the Asteroseriidae family as and is very probably lost. The MNHN online possible genera for Cycloseris escosurae. Cycloseris is catalogue lists various specimens (from different an extant coral genus, just recently (Gittenberger localities) depicted by de Fromentel (1863) as et al. 2006) taken out of synonymy with the very type specimens, but these are probably incorrect. similar genus . Examination of these specimens has revealed that they differ from each other. To clarify this species, thin sections must be prepared and a lectotype Actinoseris neocomiensis (d’Orbigny, 1850) needs to be selected. (Fig. 1I)

Funginella neocomiensis d’Orbigny, 1850: 91 – Alloiteau Genus Asteroseris de Fromentel, 1867 1957: 335, pl. 9, fig. 5 (v). — ? Fricot et al. 1995: 32, text-fig. 36. Type species. — Stephanoseris coronula de Fromentel, Cyclolites neocomiensis (v) – de Fromentel 1863: 355, 1863 by monotypy. pl. 57, fig. 2. — ? Karakash 1907: 255, pl. 23, fig. 14. — Range ? Kuzmicheva 1960a: 138, pl. 6, fig. 7; 1960b: 55, . — Aptian-Cenomanian. pl. 3, fig. 4. Diagnosis. — Solitary patellate corallum. Calicular Dimensions. — MNHN.F.B14285, c = 15.5 mm, s = outline circular. Septa compact. Microstructure of septa 96; BSPG 2003 XX 6058, c = 9.5 mm, s = 96. unknown. Septa in cross section externally slightly thicker, and slightly thinner towards the centre. Septal Occurrences. — Early Hauterivian: (?) France maximum thickness 250 µm. Symmetry of septa radial (Aube) Troyes, Vallières; France (Yonne) Fontenoy and regularly hexameral. Cycles of septa regular. Septal (MNHN.F.B14285) and Leugny (BSPG 2003 XX 6058); cycles differ in length, almost not in thickness. Septa (?) Early Hauterivian: Ukraine (Krymskaya) Crimea Mts. of first cycle extended to the centre of the calice, later cycles are shorter. Septa of younger cycles often and regularly connected to septa of preceeding cycles. Septal Remarks upper margin unknown, lateral face occasionally with The available material has not been sectioned. small thorns, inner margin unknown. Pali or paliform Several specimens were lost during preparation and lobes absent. All septa of the first cycle are attached to did not deliver well-preserved thin sections. The the columella. Costae unknown. Synapticulae present. Columella formed by septal fusion in the centre of the sample figured by de Fromentel (1863: pl. 57: 2) calice. Endotheca unknown. Wall unknown. is considered the lectotype, which is supported by the existence of an old label that gives a number of the d’Orbigny collection. A well-preserved sample (here Fig. 1I) shows about 20 dentations Asteroseris coronula (de Fromentel, 1863) on the septal upper margin of a septum of the (Fig. 1J, K) first cycle and a corresponding number of vertical lines of granulae. Stephanoseris coronula de Fromentel, 1863: pl. 48, fig. 3a-e. Asteroseris coronula (v) – Alloiteau 1957: 339, text figs 230-232, pl. 3, figs 4, 5. — non Tchechmedjeva 1995: Actinoseris provincialis d’Orbigny, 1850 63, pl. 13, fig. 7. — Löser 2013: 16, fig. 6a.

? Funginella? isfahanensis – Yazdi et al. 2011: 229, pl. 1, Actinoseris provincialis d’Orbigny, 1850: 203 . figs 1a-e, 2, 3, pl. 2, figs 1-3.

Cycloseris provincialis (v) – de Fromentel 1863: 371, Dimensions. — MNHN.F.A49178, topotype, c = pl. 49, fig. 3, pl. 79, fig. 1. 5 mm, s = 48; BSP 2003 XX 4640, c = 8.7 mm, s = 48.

26 GEODIVERSITAS • 2013 • 35 (1) Revision of the family Asteroseriidae

Occurrences. — Early Albian (Mammillatum zone): Remarks France (Aude) Padern (SMF 75576, 75617, 75632, Only one thin section is available; any other parts 75639, 75640, 75651, 75658); (?) Late Albian: Kolah-Qazi section (Esfahan, Iran); of the specimen no longer exist. Middle to Late Cenomanian: France (Sarthe), Le Mans (MNHN.F.A49178). Genus Microseris de Fromentel, 1867 Remarks The type material is not available. The reference Type species. — Microseris hemisphaerica de Fromentel, specimen is a thin section (MNHN.F.A49178) that 1867 by monotypy. was also used by Alloiteau (1957). The material de- Diagnosis. — Solitary patellate corallum. Calicular scribed by Tchechmedjeva (1995) shows a parietal outline circular. Septa compact. Microstructure of septa columella that contradicts the concept of the genus. unknown. Septa in cross section externally slightly Actinoseris­ thicker, and slightly thinner towards the centre. Septal This material may belong to . The material maximum thickness 100 µm. Symmetry of septa radial described by Yazdi et al. (2011) is poorly preserved; and regularly hexameral. Cycles of septa regular. Septal and their discussion on the systematic position of cycles differ in length, almost not in thickness. Septa of the new species is not based on type material. It is the first two cycles extended to the centre of the calice, here preliminarily assigned to Asteroseris coronula. later cycles are shorter. Septa of younger cycles often and regularly connected to septa of preceeding ones. Septal upper margin unknown, lateral face with fine thorns. Pali or paliform lobes absent. Synapticulae present, forming Asteroseris formosus Reig Oriol, 1995 a more or less regular ring. Columella poorly defined; it is probably composed of some granulae. Costae un- Asteroseris formosus Reig Oriol, 1995: 37, pl. 6, figs 6, 7 (v). known. Endotheca unknown. Wall present, compact, formation unknown.

Remarks Range. — Middle to Late Cenomanian. The holotype is the only available specimen. Fine or- namentation is not preserved and it is not possible to confirm its systematic position even within the family. Microseris godoganiensis Bendukidze, 1956

Asteroseris vidali Reig Oriol, 1989 Remarks The type material of this species could not be lo- Asteroseris vidali Reig Oriol, 1989: 30, pl. 1, figs 3, 4, cated. The description and illustration do not allow pl. 7, figs 4, 5 (v). assignment of this species to a genus.

Remarks The type material consists of only one small un- Microseris hemisphaerica de Fromentel, 1867 sectionned cupolate corallum that does not allow (Fig. 11) any classification. Microseris hemisphaerica de Fromentel, 1867: 368, pl. 80, fig. 1 (v). Asteroseris sp. Cycloseris hemisphaerica Fromentel – Termier & Termier (Fig. 1L) 1960: 310, text-fig. 2201.

Dimensions. — MNHN.F.M03523, syntype, c = Dimensions . — MB K583-2, c = 14 mm, s = 96. 8-9 mm, s = 96.

Occurrence. — Early Aptian: Greece (Viotía) Arachova Occurrence. — Middle to Late Cenomanian: France (MB K583-2). (Sarthe), Le Mans (MNHN.F.M03523).

GEODIVERSITAS • 2013 • 35 (1) 27 Löser H.

Remarks ried out by Brian Hallmark (Tucson, Arizona). According to Alloiteau (1941: 16) Microseris hemi- The paper was enhanced by reviews by Bogdan sphaerica and M. semiglobosa are synonymous. The Kolodziej (Kraków), Annemarie Ohler (Paris) inner structure of Microseris semiglobosa is unknown; and an anonymous reviewer. therefore it cannot be determined if it is a senior synonym of Microseris hemisphaerica.

REFERENCES

CONCLUSIONS Alloiteau J. 1941. — Révision de collection H. Michelin. Polypiers d’anthozoaires (1:) Crétacé. Mémoires du The rarity of specimen-rich populations and the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (N.S.) 16 (1): small size of the specimens make the definition 1-100, pls 1-19. of genera and species in the Asteroseriidae fam- Alloiteau J. 1948. — Polypiers des couches albiennes à grandes trigonies de Padern (Aude). Bulletin de la ily difficult. Moreover, the material bears the Société géologique de France (5) 18: 699-738. uncertainty that very young stages of any solitary Alloiteau J. 1956. — Actinoseris cenomaniensis. Palae­ or colonial coral may appear to be a coral of the ontologia Universalis, N.S. 142: 1-2. Unpublished. Asteroseriida. Alloiteau J. 1957. — Contribution à la systématique des The autecology of one member of the fam- Madréporaires fossiles. Centre national de la Recherche scientifique, Paris, 462 p. ily – Actinoseris escosurae – was studied in great Bataller J. 1947. — Sinopsis de las especies nuevas del detail by Russo et al. (1996). It is unknown whether Cretácico de España. Memorias de la Real Academia the same pattern can also be assumed for the other de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona (3) 28 (12): 279-392. members of the family. Most specimens are derived Beauvais M. 1982. — Révision Systématique des Madré­ from a siliclastic environment where they occur poraires des couches de Gosau. Comptoir géologique, with other solitary and colonial scleractinian cor- Paris, 5 vols. Beauvais L. & Zlatarski V. N. 1966. — Actinoseris? als (e.g., Hauterivian of the Paris Basin, Aptian of alloiteaui sp. n. – Madréporaire Crétacé inférieur de Greece, Albian of Aude, Cenomanian of Sarthe). la Bulgarie. Comptes rendus de l’Académie Bulgare des The corals from the Albian of Aude are always Sciences, 19 (12): 1171-1173. attached to a shell fragment or a small gastropod, Fricot C., Colleté C. & Brossard C. 1995. — whereas the samples from the Hauterivian of the L’Hauterivien, in Colleté C., Fricot C., Matri- on M., Tomasson R. & Treffot G. (eds), La géologie Paris Basin and the Cenomanian of Sarthe do not du département de l’Aube. Association géologique show these attachment marks. auboise, Troyes: 31-38. Fromentel E. de 1863. — Monographie des polypiers jurassiques supérieurs (1:) Étage portlandien. Mémoires Acknowledgements de la Société linnéenne de Normandie 12: 1-56. Fromentel E. de 1867. — Zoophytes, terrain crétacé I am grateful to various individuals and institu- (7). Paléontologie française (A.d’Orbigny ed.) 8: 289-336. tions. Didier Merle, Jean-Michel Pacaud and col- Gill G. A. 1981. — The fulturae (“compound syn- leagues gave access to the type collection of the apticulae”), their structure and reconsideration of Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle in Paris. their systematic value. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica The Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 25 (3/4): 301-310. Gittenberger A., Reijnen B. T. & Hoeksema B. W. (DGAPA) financially supported my work in Paris. 2006. — A molecular analysis of the evolutionary Jacob Leloux (Leiden) gave information on new history of mushroom corals (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) Actinoseris material from the Iran and on the and its consequences for taxonomic classification, in status of Cycloseris. Fieldwork in Spain to obtain Gittenberger A. (ed.), The Evolutionary History of topotypes of Cycloseris escosurae was logistically Parasitic Gastropods and their Coral Hosts in the Indo- Pacific. Leiden: 37-56. supported by Elmar Schöllhorn (Bad Waldsee). Karakash N. I. 1907. — [Lower Cretaceous fauna of Fieldwork in France was financed by DFG pro- the Crimea.] Trudy Imperatorskogo S.-Peterburgskago ject FL 42/73. Grammatical correction was car- Obshchestva Estestvoispytatelej 32 (5): 1-484.

28 GEODIVERSITAS • 2013 • 35 (1) Revision of the family Asteroseriidae

Kuzmicheva E. I. 1960a. — [Hexacorals.], in Menner V. Reig Oriol J. 1989. — Sobre varios géneros y especies de V. (ed.), Atlas nizhnemelovoj fauny Severnogo Kavkaza escleractinias fósiles del Cretácico Catalán. Privately i Kryma. Nauka, Moskva: 125-141. published, Barcelona: 1-69. Kuzmicheva E. I. 1960b. — [To the morphology of the Reig Oriol J. 1995. — Madreporarios cretácicos. Privately genus Cyclolites.] Paleontologicheskij zhurnal 3: 52-56. published, Barcelona: 1-62. Löser H. 2013. — An Early Albian shallow marine coral Russo A., Cherchi A. & Schroeder R. 1996. — An fauna from Southern France – insight into evolution example of auto-mobility and host substrate relation- and palaeobiogeography of Cretaceous corals. Pal- ship in “Cycloseris” escosurae Mallada, 1887, scleractin- aeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 93 (1): 1-43. ian from Lower Aptian of Spain, in Cherchi A. (ed.), Löser H., Barattolo F., Calzada Badia S., Chikhi- Autecology of selected fossil organisms: Achievment Aouimeur F., Dhondt A., Erlich R. N., Fözy and problems. Bollettino della Società Paleontologica I., Geister J., Hiss M., Kolodziej B., Leloux J., Italiana, Special Volume 3: 191-203. Lewy Z., Madhavaraju J., Minor K. P., Mitchell S., Söhle U. 1897. — Geologische Aufnahme des Laberge- Moosleitner G., Niebuhr B., Peza L., Remane J., birges bei Oberammergau mit besonderer Berücksi- Romana R., Sanders D., Sikharulidze G. Y., Sin- chtigung des Cenomans in den Bayerischen Alpen. nyovski D., Steuber T., Tröger K.-A., Turnšek D., Geognostische Jahreshefte 9: 1-66. Vecchio E., Vilella i Puig J. & Žítt J. 2005. — List Tchechmedjeva V. L. 1995. — Crétacé supérieur : of Localities. Catalogue of Cretaceous Corals 3: 1-366. Chaetetides (Porifera) et Anthozoaires (Coelenterate). Mallada L. 1887. — Sinopsis de las especies fósiles Fossilia Bulgarica 5b: 1-143. que se han encontrado en España. Sistema Cretáceo Termier H. & Termier G. 1960. — Paléontologie inferior (= 1). Boletín de la Comisión del Mapa geológico stratigraphique (3). Masson, Paris: 222-357. de España 14: 1-172. Wells J. W. 1936. — The nomenclature and type species Mallada L. 1890. — Sinopsis de las especies fósiles of some genera of recent and fossil corals. American que se han encontrado en España. Sistema Cretáceo Journal of Science (5) 31 (182): 97-134. inferior (= 2). Boletín de la Comisión del Mapa geológico Yazdi M., Bahrami A. & Leloux J. 2011. — Funginella? de España 16: plates 51-61, 63, 64. isfahanensis n. sp. from the Upper Albian of Iran. Re­ Orbigny A. d’ 1849. — Note sur les polypiers fossiles. vista mexicana de ciencias geológicas 28 (2): 226-234. Masson, Paris: 1-12. Zlatarski V. N. 1968. — [Paleobiological aspects of Orbigny A. d’ 1850. — Prodrôme de Paléontologie madreporarian corals from the Urgonian in the middle stratigraphique universelle des animaux mollusques et Predbalkan.] Blgarska Akademiya na naukite Geo- rayonnés (1-2). Masson, Paris: 1-394, 1-428. logicheski Institut, Sofia: 1-28.

Submitted on 3rd June 2011; accepted on 21st February 2012; published on 29 March 2013.

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