Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-10123-4 — Female Singers on the French Stage, 1830–1848 Kimberly White Index More Information

INDEX

A. de B. (critic), 113 Le Cheval de bronze,80 Abbate,Carolyn,138 Le Concert à la cour, ou La Débutante, 52, 119 actresses. See theater women Le Domino noir,50,55 Adam, Adolphe, and the Opéra-National, 38, 46, Gustave III,121,125 55, 164 (n3) La Muette de Portici,87,123 Le Toréador,78 Le Philtre,43 Adrien, Arnold, 29 auditions (for debuts), 41–42 adultery, 91 agency and control Banderali, Davidde, 29, 36 of debutantes, 39, 55–58 Baptiste, Nicolas aîné,29 of prima donnas, 107–108 Bara, Olivier, 17, 77, 103 of theater women, 62 Bardoux, Benjamin-Joseph-Agénor, 46 Alboni, Marietta, 76 Barroilhet, Paul, 20 Alger, Horatio, 11 Barthélemy, Auguste, 140 Alhoy, Maurice, 4 Barthélemy, Élina Adélaïde-Victoire [Élian], 50, Aliverti, Maria Ines, 4, 6 78, 140 Alophe, Marie-Alexandre, 35, 56 Basset, Alexandre, 55, 74, 85 Amsterdam, 39, 87 Baudelaire, Charles, 111 Apollinaire d’Argout, Antoine Maurice, 35 Beaucé, Anne, 107 Arago, Étienne, 4, 16 Beaucé, Claude, 18 archival sources, 3–8, 12 Beaucé, Herminie, 18 aristocracy Beaussire, Honorine Aurélie (née Lemercier, dite and bourgeois social order, 92 Mme Betty), 140 marriage with singers, 95, 103 Beauvallet, Pierre-François, 34 at retirement beneit concerts, 119 Beauvoir, Roger de, 90, 97, 102, 111, 189 (n8) role in Parisian theater, 95 Beck (cellist, conductor), 141 stage careers for, 20 Bellini, Vincenzo of talent, 11 Norma,86 See also social class beneit concerts Arnal, Étienne, 120 earnings and expenses, 121–122, 202 (n49) Arnould, Sophie, 5 features of, 118–120 artist-musician class, See under social class as glittering celebrations, 119 Association des artistes dramatiques, 116 nostalgia with, 124–125, 128 Association des artistes musiciens, 116 orchestral musicians for, 120 Auber, Daniel-François-Esprit processions at, 125 and Pauline Dameron, 146 publicity for, 121 at Paris Conservatoire, 25, 31, 33 repertoire for, 118 at singers’ auditions, 42 as theater rituals, 117 L’Ambassadrice, 49, 103–106, 114–115, 123 for Berlioz, 120

226

Index 227

for Boulanger, 120 Boïeldieu, François-Adrien for Cinti-Damoreau, 119, 123–124, 200 (n31) Les Voitures versées,114 for Dorus-Gras, 121–125 Boigne, Charles de, 16, 82, 109 for Duprez, 125, 126 Bonnevin, Alphonse, 161 for Falcon, 119, 124, 126–128 Bordogni, Giulio (Marco) for Nourrit, 117, 124–126 at Paris Conservatoire, 22, 29, 36 for Stoltz, 131–133 students,22,29,36 Benoist, François, 41, 58 vocalization tutors, 32 Bergeron, Katherine, 34 Borghèse, Juliette Euphrosine/Euphrasie (née Bériot, Charles de, 191 (n29) Bourgeois), 43, 141 Berlanstein, Lenard Boufé, Hugues-Marie-Désiré, 121 on biographical dictionaries, 4 Boufes-Parisiens, 18, 107, 135, 136 on celebrity culture, 98 Boulanger, Ernest, 141 on eroticized theatrical stage, 90, 96, Boulanger, Frédéric, 141 192 (n42) Boulanger, Lili, 141 on female Conservatoire students, 14, 28 Boulanger, Marie-Julie (née Halligner) on female performers’ poverty, 18 background and training, 20 on singers’ husbands, 100 beneit concert, 120 on theater journalists, 98 career, 114, 141 Berlioz, Hector claque support, 4 on beneit concerts, 120 debut, 20 on debutantes, 54 in L’Ambassadrice, 103, 115 on Dorus-Gras, 122, 124 lithograph (ig. 5.1), 115 on Falcon, 127 performance schedule, 78 on singers’ salaries, 110 Boulanger, Nadia, 141 on Stoltz, 130, 133, 135 boulevard theaters, 21, 46, 87 on vocal pedagogy, 30 Bourgeois, Juliette (née Borghèse), 141 on women’s performance vs experience, 99 bourgeois values and morality Bernhardt, Sarah, 98 bourgeoisie (term), 12 Bernheim, Adrien, 1, 135 domestic ideal, 89, 92 Berrier, Constant, 65 in Opéra-Comique productions, 103 Berthault, Julie (Mme Beck), 8, 140 and stage careers, 11, 19–21, 88 Bichebois, Alphonse, 115 theater inluenced by, 95–103 biographical and ictional accounts of Boursault, Jean-François, 119 singers, 3–8, 10–11, 20–21, 96, Bouvet, Charles, 128 101–103, 138 Branchu, Caroline, 42, 62, 125 Bishop, Henry Rowly, 135 Braud, Barthélemy, 129 Blanchard, Henri Brussels on actresses, 88–89, 97–98, 102, 109 as a congé destination, 85 on “born” artists, 10, 21 Conservatoire in, 23 on Cinti-Damoreau, 5, 10, 124 Parisian singers in (see Théâtre royal de la on female Conservatoire students, 37 Monnaie) on Stoltz, 130 “L’actrice et l’étudiant,” 7, 21, 31 Cabel, Marie-Josèphe (née Dreulette), 10, 41, Blangini, Felice, 29, 35 114, 142 Blavet,Émile,128 Caccia, Carlo, 161

228 Index

Calvé, Emma, 23, 53 Clark, Maribeth, 125 Camoin, Cécile Louise Marie (Desiderata Clément, Catherine, 128, 138 Derancourt), 27, 142 Colon, Éléonore (Mme Prévost-Colon), 17, 145 Candia, Mario de (Giovanni Matteo, Cavalière de Colon, Jean, 16, 145 Candia), 20, 57, 191 (n30) Colon, Jenny (Mme Leplus) Cantinjou, Corneille, 133 in L’Ambassadrice,103 Capdeville, Marie Désirée Clari (Mme Horn), 94, career, 16–17, 87, 145 142 marriage, 8, 93, 95, 191 (n29) Carré, Albert, 135 Colon, Marie (née Marie-Anne Dejean-Leroy), Carvalho, Léon, 170 (n75) 16, 145 Casimir, Alphonsine-Marie-Virginie (née Dubois), Comettant, Oscar, 31, 117 114, 143 Compan, Casimir, 143 Castellan, Jeanne Anaïs, 137, 143 congés (holidays) and touring, 66, 75, 84–87 Castil-Blaze, François Henri Joseph, 49, 57, 80, Constant, Charles, 47, 94 110, 113 contracts Catrufo, Giosefo, 22 beneit concert provisions, 118, 119 Cayot, Céline-Joséphine, 143 cancellation or termination of, 42, 60, 74 Charton-Demeur, Anne-Arsène, 41, 176 (n19) congé provisions, 76 Château des leurs (café-concert), 38 costume provisions, 74 Cherubini, Luigi, 25–27, 29, 176 (n17) and debuts, 40, 42–43 Choiseul, Duc du, 35, 74 feux provisions, 76, 82 Chollet, Jean-Baptiste, 17, 82, 159 illness or pregnancy provisions, 81–83 Chopin, Frédéric, 22 long- vs short-term, 40, 61, 65–66, 115 Chorley, Henry, 109 negotiations for, 60–61 Choron, Alexandre, and the Institution royale de and pension system, 65, 115–116, 135 musique classique, 10, 14, 18, 30–31, 135 and salaries, 67–76 Cimarosa, Domenico forstarsingers,75 Il matrimonio segreto, 119 Cornélis, P.-J., 23–24 Cinti, Fanny Marie, 137, 144 Corréard (actor, director), 40 Cinti-Damoreau, Laure (née Cinthie Montalant) Courrier des théâtres, 48, 63 beneit concerts, 119, 123–124, 200(n31) Courtant, Anne-Marie-Liberté, 19 biographical portrayals of, 4, 5, 10 Courtot, Émilie Emma, 145 career, 144 Crémieux, Adolphe, 54 concert d’adieu,136 critics and journalists critical reception, 123–124 on aging singers, 113–114 and Dorus-Gras, 74, 121 biographical accounts of singers, 3–8, 10–11, earnings, 67–69, 72 20–21 and Falcon, 48, 129 and debutantes, 47–51, 54–55, 58 in L’Ambassadrice,104,123 See also individual writers lithograph (ig. 1.1), 35 Crosnier, François, 18, 42, 66, 76 marriage, 93, 103, 191 (n29) Cruvelli, Sophie, 69, 76, 83, 85, 146 musical training, 29, 34 Crüwell, Friederike Marie, 146 as a prima donna, 63, 66–67 as a teacher, 34–36, 50, 137 Dabadie, Henri-Bernard, 64, 146 claquesupport,4,47,57,120 Dabadie, Louise Zulmé (née Leroux), 62, 63, 95, Claretie, Jules, 135 146, 154

Index 229

Dalayrac, Nicolas Descombes, Charles Maurice, 109 Les deux petits Savoyards,17 Descot, Geneviève Clémentine, 137, 147 Dameron, Pauline Eulalie, 27, 146 Deslandes, Raymond, 18 Damoreau, Antoine Hippolyte, 144 Destribaud, Paul Damoreau, Jean-Charles-Émile, 144 Silvio-Silvia,114 Damoreau, Vincent-Charles, 104, 144, 191 (n30) Devriès-Lesure, Anik, 25 dancers, female Didot (bass), 142 as hard working artists, 110 Dietsch, Pierre-Louis, 41, 80 linked with erotica and scandal, 96 Dijon Conservatoire, 27 at the Opéra, 14, 16, 51 divorce, 91, 93 salaries, 72 Dobré [Dobrée], Marie Rosalie Claire, 147 Danjou, F. (critic), 50 Doche, Eugénie, 121 Darcier, Adélaïde Augustine, 18 Donizetti, Gaetano Darcier, Célestine Hyacinthe (née Célestine Nourrit’s studies with, 33 Lemaire; Mme Marty Mamignard), 18, 78, 85, La Favorite, 43, 99, 130, 132, 133 137, 147 La Fille du régiment, 43, 115 Darcier, Joseph, 147 Lucie de Lammermoor,136 Dash, Comtesse, 48, 100, 114, 128 Dorus-Gras, Julie Daumard, Adeline, 12, 13 Arago’s portrayal of, 4 David, Félicien, 136 beneit concert and retirement, 121–125, 131 Davis, Tracy C., 96 and Boulanger, 120 Dawson, Jennifer Anne, 14, 51 career, 148 Deberc, Caroline, 169 (n66) contracts and salary, 74–76 debutantes critical reception, 109, 122–124 agency and control, 39, 55–58 and Falcon, 48–49 ambition, 50 in Les Huguenots,43 anecdotal or ictional portrayals of, 47, 52–53 marriage, 93, 95, 109, 191 (n30) and established artists, 55 in Robert le diable, 48, 121, 122 lack of stage experience, 46 Dorval,Marie,120,130 support and protectors, 39, 41, 45, 51–58 Dreulette, Edouard, 142 as understudies, 43 Drouart, Marie-Sybille, 78, 148 See also voice students Dubois, Paul, 143 debuts Dumas, Alexandre, 129 auditions for, 41–42 Antony,120 and contracts, 40, 42–43 La Dame aux camélias,121 critical reception, 47–51 Duperron, Alexandrine, 17, 149 ordre de début,40 Duponchel, Henri publicity for, 48 and Opéra dancers, 16 rehearsal period, 43 and Opéra troupe of singers, 42, 84 repertoire, 43, 49 and Cinti-Damoreau, 67 success or failure, 42–43, 45–46 and Dorus-Gras, 74 system and practice of, 40–47 and Falcon, 127, 131 Delprat, Charles, 30 and d’Halbert, 60 Desarbres, Nérée, 110 and Heinefetter, 57 Desbrosses, Marie, 147 and Lebrun, 84 Deschamps, Ernest (D. d’Hanneucourt), 41, 132 and Moisson, 76

230 Index

Duponchel, Henri (cont.) career, 149 and de Paun, 22 congé at Théâtre de Toulouse, 84 and Quiney, 64 critical reception, 49, 127–130 Duprez, Caroline (Mme Vandenheuvel), 17, 37, debuts, 48–51 81, 149 Julienne compared to, 42 Duprez, Gilbert-Louis musical training, 29, 33 beneit concert, 125, 126 and Nourrit, 33, 51, 127 debuts, 39, 101 Stoltz compared to, 130, 131 and Falcon, 127 tour with Cinti-Damoureau, 129 family, 149 vocal trouble and retirement, 82, 117, and Nourrit, 125–127 126–130, 137, 205 (n84) pedagogical style, 23, 30–31 Falcon, Jenny, 129, 149 salary, 10, 110 falcon (role type), 49, 130, 178 (n58) and Stoltz, 133 Farcy, Alphonse, 133 students and protégées, 23, 37, 51, 54, 56 Fargueil, Anaïs, 149 vocal decline, 131 Fargueil, Jean-Paul, 149 Dussy, Marie, 79–80 Fay, Léontine, 119 Dutreih, Paul, 64 feminism and women’s rights, 92 Fétis, François-Joseph, 23, 29, 64–65 École du Magasin (Opéra), 24 feux (performance bonus) École lyrique (Moreau-Santi), 38 for pensionnaires,61 École royale de chant et de déclamation purpose of, 82 (Gossec), 24 and salaries, 68–72, 74, 76, 83 École royale de chant (Opéra), 24 Feydeau, Ernest, 89 École royale de danse (Opéra), 14, 16 Flécheux, Marie-Louise (Maria), 23, 44, 82, 150 École spéciale de chant (Duprez), 23 Foley, Susan K., 92 education and literacy Fould, Achille, 24, 116 of girls and women, 19, 27–28 La France musicale. See Escudier brothers of singers and dancers, 16 Frémy, Arnould, 6, 39 Ellis, Katharine, 30, 54, 123 Froment (tenor), 154 Empaire, Nélia (née Maillard), 35 Fusil, Louise, 102 Escudier brothers (Marie and Léon) and La France musicale Gailhard, Pedro, 135 biographies and stories of singers, 5, 165 (n23) Garat, Pierre, 29 portraits of singers, 6 Garcia, Eugénie (née Mayer), 20, 21, 72, 150 on Boulanger, 120 Garcia, Gustave, 150 on Dorus-Gras beneit, 121 Garcia, Manuel ils, 17, 32–33, 150, 162 on the “Garcia method,” 33 Garcia, Manuel père,18,162 on Julienne, 41, 54 Garcia, Marie Crépet, 150 on Rieux, 50 Gautier, Théophile on Roissy, 58 on beneit concerts, 119 on Stoltz, 5, 57, 133 on Falcon, 127, 128 Estancelin, Marie-Louise (Mlle Sainti), 156 on Heinefetter, 57 on married actresses, 99, 102, 110 Falcon, Cornélie (Mme Malançon) Gentil, Louis, 82, 83, 89, 109 drawing and photograph (ig. 5.2), 129 Geofroy, Charles, 109 beneit concert, 119, 124, 126–128 Géraldy (voice teacher), 56

Index 231

Gérard, Baron, 19, 151 Halévy, Fromental, 63, 125 Gérard, Henri-Philippe, 29 – Charles VI,132 Gerhard, Anselm, 99 – La Juive Giacomelli (journalist), 133 debut roles, 43 Gianpietro [Giampietro], Enrico, 143 Falcon in, 127–129 Girardin, Delphine de, 119 Heinefetter in, 57 Girod, Pierre, 32 Lebrun in, 45 Glossop, Émilie, 151 Margueron in, 87 Glossop, Joseph, 150 Sasse in, 45 Glossop, Joséphine (née Bonneau-de-Méric), Stoltz in, 19, 130 95, 150 – La Magicienne,45 Gluck, Christophe Willibald – La Reine de Chypre, 44–45, 130 Armide, 44, 125, 135 Halligner, Sophie, 141 Iphigénie en Tauride,125 Harel, François-Antoine, 109 Orphée,24,26,135 Harsin, Jill, 83 Goggi, Emilia, 47–48, 178 (n48) health and illness, 57, 74, 81–83 Goncourt, Edmond de, 28 See also pregnancy and childbirth Gonnard, René, 72, 185 (n51), 191 (n33) Hébert (baritone), 156 Gossec, François-Joseph, 24 Hébert-Massy, Marie, See Massy, Marie-Éliza Gosselin, Augusta (née Mori), 63, 151 Heinefetter, Catinka (Kathinka), 55–57, 83, 152 Gosselin, Louis-François, 151 Heinefetter, Fatime, 152 Gounod, Charles, 136 Heinefetter, Nanette, 152 LaReinedeSaba,49 Heinefetter, Sabine, 152 grand opera (genre) Heinefetter-Stöckl, Clara Maria, 152 and bourgeois morality, 99 Heinefetter-Stöger, Eva, 152 Conservatoire instruction for, 25, 26 Hemmings, F. W.J. debut roles in, 43 on actors and social class, 3, 14 vs older French opera, 135 on protectors, 51, 74 rehearsal and performance schedules, on theater children, 17, 18 78, 80 on theater marriages, 95 rise of, 2, 63–64 Herbinot de Mauchamps, Charles Frédéric, 93 Gras, Simon Victor, 148, 191 (n30) Her Majesty’s Theatre (London), 75, 76, 86 Grassari, Caroline-Joséphine (née Gérard), Hermann-Léon (bass), 55, 56 19, 62, 151 Hérold, Ferdinand, 45, 109 Grétry, André La Médecine sans médecin,43 La Fausse magie,73 Le Pré aux clercs,114 Les Méprises par ressemblance,114 Hibberd, Sarah, 125 Le Tableau parlant,78 Holtzem, Louis-Alphonse, 22, 32 Grimm, Sophie (Mme Petit), 151 Hondré,Emmanuel,26,28,29 Grisi, Giulia, 93, 97, 191 (n30) Hutcheon, Linda, 124 Grogan, Susan, 92 Gueymard-Lauters, Pauline, 23–24, 53 illness. See health and illness Institution royale de musique classique. See Habeneck, François, 42, 63, 72, 82 Choron, Alexandre, and the Institution Halanzier, Olivier, 86 royale de musique classique d’Halbert, Cécile-Henriette-Eugénie (née Pijon, Institution royale de musique religieuse, 30 Mme Ponchard), 17, 57–58, 60–61, 152 Institut national de musique, 24

232 Index

Isnardon, Jacques performances, 78 Le Chant théâtral,31 and Ugalde, 55 Italian opera vocal training, 19, 137 impresarios for, 39 Lavoye, Marie Hippolyte Antoinette (Mme in London, 86, 136 Mathieu), 19, 29, 154 See also Théâtre-Italien Lavry, Clara (née Leroux), 146, 154 Italian vocal principles and pedagogy, 28–30 Lebrun, Annette (Mme Marquis de Montréal) career, 155, 157 Janicot, Marie Louise Laure, 152 congé performances, 84 Janin, Jules debuts, 45, 57 on Falcon, 49, 130, 131 marriage, 95, 137 on Nourrit, 125 Lebrun, Louis-Sébastien, 155, 157 on prima donnas, 113 Le Rossignol,121,122 Jawureck [Javoureck], Constance, 29, 63, 152 Lemaître, Frédérick, 120, 141 Jawureck jeune, Mlle, 152 Lemercier, Léocadie, 140 journalists. See critics and journalists Lemonnier, Louis-Auguste, 155 Jousserandot, Louis, 11 Lemonnier, Louise-Thérèse-Antoinette (née Julian, Esther Eliza (Mme Julian Van Gelder), 19, Regnault), 113, 155 86, 153 Leonardi, Susan, 89 Julienne [Jullienne], Augustine Eugénie (Mme Lépaulle, Gabriel, 133 Julienne-Dejean), 41, 43, 54, 153 Leplus, Gabriel, 145, 191 (n30) Leroux, Pauline, 146, 154 Kar, Mlle (singer), 137 Lescuyer, Alphonse-Auguste (father), 94, 161 Kennerley, David, 21 Lescuyer, Alphonse (son), 161 Lescuyer, Charles-Raymond, 161 Lablanche, Luigi, 151 Lestrelin, Achille, 24, 170 (n74) Lablanche, Nicolas, 151 Levasseur, Auguste, 57 Lacan, Adolphe, 66 Levasseur, Nicolas-Prosper, 33, 48, 131 Lafont, Pierre-Chéri, 145 Lille Laguerre, Marie-Joséphine, 97, 192 (n48) Conservatoire branch, 27 Lainez (voice instructor), 29 Julian’s performances in, 86 Lapommeraye [Lapommeraie], Limnander, Armand Anne-Célina-Ernestine Berdalle de, 44, Les Monténégrins, 55, 56 177 (n32) Louis-Joseph Cabel (né Cabu), 142 La Rochefoucauld (Beaux-Arts director), 27, 29, 30, Loydreau, Edouard, 4 62–63 Lubbert,Émile,64,66 Laty, Alexandre, 41 Lucas, Hippolyte, 39 Laugier, Adolphe, 4, 19, 63 Luchet, Auguste, 122 Laurent, Émile, 153 Lully, Jean-Baptiste, 40 Laurent, Laurence-Françoise (née Grandidier), 95, Lumley, Benjamin, 75, 76 153 Lyon Lavignac, Albert, 12 Julian in, 86 Lavoye, Anne Benoîte Louise transportation to, 85 career, 154 critical reception, 49 Maillot (voice instructor), 41 debut roles, 49–50 Mainardi, Patricia, 91, 92, 105 earnings, 72 maladie morale, 88, 90

Index 233

Malançon (Malençon), Louis-François, 128, 149 Mélesville (dramatist), 119 Malibran, Maria Les Vieux péchés,121 and Cinti-Damoreau, 119 La Mélomanie,22,50,114 death, 100, 128 Mengozzi, Bernardo, 28 family, 17, 162 Méquillet, Sophie, 19, 156 marriage, 93, 191 (n30) Meyerbeer, Giacomo Marchesi, Mathilde, 33 at singers’ auditions, 42 Margadant, Jo Burr, 92 – L’Étoile du Nord,81 Margueron, Marie Clara (Mme), 87, 155 – Les Huguenots Marliani, Marc Aurelio Barthélemy in, 50 La Xacarilla,132 Colon in, 87 marriage debut roles, 43 and bourgeois morality, 88 Dorus-Gras in, 122 divorce or legal separation, 93 Falcon in, 127 legislation on, 91–93 female protagonist, 99 for male artists, 100 Lebrun in, 45 and material culture, 108–112 Margueron in, 87 portrayed in L’Ambassadrice, 103–106 Nau in, 43 portrayed in “La prima donna” (Sand and Nourrit in, 125 Sandeau), 106 premiere, 80 and social class, 95, 106 Sasse in, 45 in theater industry, 95 Stoltz in, 130 for theater women, 88–89, 93–95 – Le Prophète,75,76,130,133 Mars, Mlle (actress), 34, 114, 126 – Robert le diable Marseille Colon in, 87 Conservatoire branch, 27 debut roles, 43 Julian in, 86 Dorus-Gras in, 48, 121, 122 Margueron in, 87 Facon in, 48, 49 Martin, Jean-Blaise, 51, 114 Margueron in, 87 Martin-Fugier, Anne, 3 Rieux in, 50 Marty-Mamignard (husband of Célestine Darcier), Roissy in, 57 137, 147 premiere, 80, 113 Massé, Victor Sasse in, 45 Galathée,81 Michelot, Pierre-Marie-Nicholas, 29, 33, 56 Les Saisons,81 middle class. See under social class Massenet, Jules Miner, Margaret, 7, 100 Cendrillon,49,130 Miolan-Carvalho, Caroline, 24, 37 Massol, Eugène, 125, 131 Miro y Anoria, José, 142 Masson, Elise Oscarine, 155 Moisson, Joséphine-Clady, 76, 87, 156 Massy, Marie-Éliza (née Gicomasci; Mme Le Monde dramatique, 47, 88, 96, 111 Hébert-Massy), 30, 43, 51, 95, 156 Mondutaigny, Lucile Henriette, 41 Mathieu, J. (husband of M. Lavoye), 154 Mongrédien, Jean, 5 Maurice, Charles, 63 Monnais, Guillaume Edouard Désiré (pseud. Paul Maza, Sarah, 12 Smith) McMillan, James, 91 career, 180 (n80) medical problems. See health and illness on Falcon, 137 Melcy, Count Gérard de, 191 (n30) on male artists, 100

234 Index

Monnais, Guillaume Edouard Désiré (pseud. Paul critical reception, 126 Smith) (cont.) death, 126, 127 on the provinces, 86 and Donizetti, 33 on singers’ salaries, 65 and Duprez, 125–127 Portefeuille de deux cantatrices, 7, 11, 52, 102–103, earnings, 74, 117 105, 110 and Falcon, 33, 48, 49, 51 Monrose, Antoine-Marial-Louis, 148 and Méquillet, 19 Monrose, Claude-Louis-Séraphin, 126, 148 and Nau, 43 Montaubry, Achille-Félix, 17, 159 retirement and beneit concert, 117, 124–126 Montreal, marquis de, 95, 137 and Stoltz, 19 Moreau-Sainti, Marie-Lucile, 156 students and pedagogical style, 21, 29, 33 Moreau-Sainti, Théodore-François, 33, 38, 156 Nourrit, Louis, 17 Morin, Laurent-Joseph, 22, 33, 34, 157 Nouveau dictionnaire théâtral,4 Morin, Marie Caroline (née Lebrun), 157 Moronvalle (voice instructor), 22 Obin, Louis-Henri, 33 Moses, Claire Goldberg, 93 Ofenbach, Jacques, 120 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus Opéra (Académie royale de musique) Don Giovanni,26 artists’ foyer (ig. 3.2), 79 Les noces de Figaro,26 administration and management, 2, 64–67, Müller, Jean-Pierre, 40 113, 116 archives, 3 Nantes balls at, 125 Conservatoire branch, 27 Castil-Blaze’s history of, 80–81, 110 Lebrun’s congé in, 84 École du Magasin, 24 Margueron’s contract in, 87 École royale de danse, 14, 16 Narychkine, Dmitri, 129, 149 salaries at, 67–69, 71 Nathan-Treillet [Treilhet], Célestine troupe of singers for, 42 audition and debuts, 42, 51, 54 Opéra-Comique career, 157 actors’ foyer (ig. 3.1), 77 earnings, 85 administration and management, 2, 64–67, 115 Frémy’s biography of, 6 archives, 3 lithograph (ig. 0.1), 6 family-oriented productions, 103 pregnancy and illness, 81–83 salaries at, 70–71 understudy for, 78 venues for, 3, 64 Nau, Maria Dolorès Benedicta Joséphina, 43, 137, opéra comique (genre) 157 age discrepancies in, 114 Nau, Pauline, 157 and bourgeois morality, 99, 103 Néri-Baraldi, Pietro, 133 Conservatoire training for, 25, 26, 29 Nerval, Gérard de, 145 printed librettos for, 44 Niedermeyer, Louis opera lyrique (genre), 136 Marie Stuart,38 Opéra-National. See Adam, Adolphe, and the Stradella,126 Opéra-National Noël, Florentin, 18 nostalgia, 124–125, 128 Paër, Ferdinand, 35 Nourrit, Adolphe Palianti, Louis, 55 background, 17 Panofka,Henri,45,57

Index 235

Paris Conservatoire, 24–37 Ponchard, Charles-Marie-Auguste, 17, 152, 158 acting students at, 14 Ponchard, Louis-Antoine-Éléonore, 17, 22, 32, admission requirements, 25 36, 158 under Auber’s directorship, 25, 31, 33 Ponchard, Marie-Sophie (née Callault), 17, boarding house (pensionnat),25,27,28 95, 158 under Cherubini’s directorship, 25–27, 29 Poniatowski, Joseph, 47–48 competitions and prizes, 25, 37 Esmeralda,178(n48) exercices des élèves,26 Pope, Rebecca, 89 as feeder school for state theaters, 37, 40, 45 Poriss,Hilary,108,118,123,135,200(n31) gender segregation, 27 Porro, Anne Sophie (Anne Beaucé), 18 provincial branches, 26 Porro, Pierre, 18, 162 registration rolls, 12 Pothier, Robert-Joseph, 91 under Sarrette’s directorship, 24, 28 Potier, Henri, 55, 80, 158 under Thomas’s directorship, 33 Potier, Marie-Ambroisine-Minette (née de Cussy) Paris Conservatoire students. See voice students [Mme Henri-Potier], 43, 95, 137, 158 Paun, Hortenzy de (Varinsky) (Mme de Varny), Pougin, Arthur, 62, 135 22, 42, 158 Poultier, Placide-Alexandre-Guillaume, 121, Peignat, Louise Émilie (Mme Roulle), 158 202 (n47) Pellegrini, Felice, 29 Poutret, Mme (feminist), 93 Percillier, Caroline, 155, 157 Powell, David A., 112 performance schedules. See rehearsal and Pradher, Félicité (née More), 40, 77, 119, 159 performance schedules Pradher, Louis-Barthélemy, 159 Pérignon, Eugénie, 133 pregnancy and childbirth, 16, 82 Perrin, Émile See also health and illness and Berlioz, 135 Prévost, Caroline-Élisa, 17, 82, 159 congé regulations, 85 Prévost, Eugène-Prosper, 17, 159 and Gueymard-Lauters, 53 Prévost, Zoé, 17, 73–74, 82, 145, 159 and Ugalde, 55, 75, 78, 81 prima donnas (star singers) Petit, Jules, 151 ambiguous position of, 88 Petit-Brière, Mlle (singer), 137 as “born” artists, 10, 20 Pillet, Léon congés and touring, 84, 136 contract cancellations, 42, 74 control and power of, 107, 111 and Drouart, 78 descriptions of, 138–139 andGoggi,47–48,178(n48) as hardworking artists, 1, 89, 110–111, 138 and d’Halbert, 60–61 portrayed by Sand, 106, 111–112 and Heinefetter, 57, 83 portrayed in L’Ambassadrice, 103–106 and Julienne, 41, 43 retirement beneits (see beneit concerts) and Moisson, 76 and rise of grand opera, 63–64 and Nathan-Treillet, 82 protectors (for theater women) and Roissy, 58 inancial aid from, 74 and Stoltz, 5, 48, 57, 99, 131, 133 guises of, 53 Pisaroni, Rosamunda, 202 (n49) women’s assumed dependence on, 51–58 Pixérécourt, René Charles Guilbert de, 62, 64 vs women’s own agency, 58 Place, Adélaïde de, 22 provinces and provincial theaters Plantade, Charles-Henri, 29, 35 Conservatoire branches in, 26 Pleyel, Marie, 136 debutantes in, 46

236 Index

provinces and provincial theaters (cont.) and Stoltz, 133 working conditions in, 86 and Viardot, 76, 82, 139 See also speciic cities Rosselli, John, 3, 78, 121 Provost, Jean-Baptiste, 34 Rossi, Count Carlo, 103, 191 (n30), 194 (n89) public vs private sphere, 89, 98–99 Rossi-Caccia, Giovanna (née Rossi), 8, 124, 160 Puget, Jules, 23 Rossini, Gioachino, 29, 53 Il barbiere di Siviglia, 108, 123 Quicherat, Louis, 126 Le Comte Ory,26,43,63,76,79 Quiney, Cornélie (Mme Baptiste), 62–64, 66, 73, 159 Guillaume Tell,43,50,76,79,80 Moïse et Pharaon,63 Rachel (Élisabeth Rachel Félix), 98, 130 Othello,107,130,136 railways, 85–86 La pie voleuse,26 Reeve, Katherine Kolb, 99 Robert Bruce,131 rehearsal and performance schedules, 43, 77–81, 83 Semiramide,64 Rémusat, Charles de, 60, 61 Le Siège de Corinthe,63 repertoire Tancredi,64 andage,114 Roubaud, Félix, 7 for beneit concerts, 118 Rouen for debuts, 43, 49 railway line to, 85 retirement beneit concerts. See beneit concerts Théâtre des Arts de Rouen, 40 retirement pensions. See under contracts Roulle, Anaïs, 158 Révilly, Antoinette Hermance Jeanne, 23, 78, 160 Roullié, Julie Léocadie, 161 La Revue et gazette musicale de Paris Rousseau, James, 118, 120, 165 (n22) on Barthélemy, 50 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 89, 91, 99 Blanchard’s writing in, 5, 7, 10, 21 Royal Academy of Music (London), 32 on Cinti-Damoreau, 123 Royer, Alphonse, 24 “letters from an actress,” 7 Rushton, Julian, 192 (n48) on marriage, 101 Rutherford, Susan, 3, 51, 74, 88, 111 on Stoltz, 132 Richard, Paul, 30 salaries Rieux, Marie Angéline [Angélina de Rieux], and contracts, 67–76 50, 160 and gender, 69–72, 74 Rignault, François, 35 and material culture, 110, 111 Robin-Challan, Louise, 14 for orchestra, chorus, and dancers, 72 Roger, Gustave, 72, 132 press attacks on, 109 Rogers, Rebecca, 19 and rank, 68–69, 73, 117 Roissy, Marianna, 160 rapid rise in, 65, 68, 110 Roissy, Noémie de (née Lévéville) vs touring income, 117 agency and boldness, 55, 57–58 for voice teachers, 36 career, 136, 160 for working class, 72–73 role types. See vocal and role types Salieri, Antonio Roqueplan, Nestor Les Danaïdes,62 and Cruvelli, 76 Samson, Joseph-Isidore, 34 and d’Halbert, 61 Sand, George, 111–112 on married singers, 95, 100 Consuelo, 11, 111 and Moisson, 76 “La prima donna,” 106 on singers’ salaries, 110 Sandeau, Jules, 106

Index 237

Sarrette, Bernard, 24, 28 and Cinti-Damoreau, 124 Sasse, Marie critical reception, 132–134 debuts, 45 debuts,19,39,42,130 on tour, 86, 136 earnings, 85, 94, 132 and Ugalde, 24, 170 (n75) and Falcon, 130, 131 Savard, Félix, 10 andGoggi,47 Scott, Joan, 72 in La Favorite, 99, 130, 132, 133 Scribe, Eugène, 106, 119 lithograph (ig. 5.3), 134 Scudo, Paul, 7 marriage, 94, 95 Second, Albéric: Les petits mystères de l’Opéra,16,53, in older French opera, 135 58, 95, 109 and Pillet, 5, 48, 57, 99, 131, 133 secondary singers rehabilitation, 133–134 beneit concerts for, 118 reputation and forced retirement, 117, 130–131 as a community of female artists, 139 Stuart, Miss (actress), 42 congés and touring, 84 La Sylphide (ballet-pantomime), 16 contracts, 76 La Sylphide (fashion journal) limited opportunities for, 136 biographical articles and anecdotes, 5–7, 11, 51 pensions, 116 reviews, 50, 114 in the provinces, 87 Sell, Karen, 36 Taglioni, Marie, 16, 125 Sennett, Richard, 98 Taylor, Baron Isodore Justin Séverin, 116 Sibille, Lodoys, 82, 83, 103–106 theater children, 16, 17 Simon, Jules, 73 theater doctors, 16, 82, 83 Smart, Mary Ann, 131, 137, 203 (n58) theater licensing system, 2, 136 Smith, Marian, 8, 96 theater management Smithson, Henriette, 120 under company system, 2, 40, 61, 65 social class under franchise or entrepreneurial system, 2, actors and singers from middle class, 11, 64–67 14, 19 theater moeurs (moeurs dramatiques), 90, 96, 111 and artist-genius ideology, 10 theater rank or hierarchy artist-musician class, 13, 14, 16–18 and beneit concerts, 118 and career expectations, 19 classiications of, 61–62 working class, 72–73 and salaries, 68–69, 73, 117 See also aristocracy; bourgeois values and and social class, 1 morality theater women (singers, actresses, dancers) solfège,25,28 biographical accounts of, 3–8, 10–11 Sontag, Henriette, 93, 103, 119, 123, 191 (n30), control and surveillance of, 83–84 194 (n89) costume requirements, 52, 74 Specht, A. (critic), 127 descriptions of, 138–139 Spies, André Michael, 5 family background, 15 spoken theater, 114 as hardworking artists, 1, 110–111, 138 star singers. See prima donnas linked with sexual promiscuity, 7, 96–98, Stoll, Clara, 18 100, 106 Stoltz, Rosine (née Victoire Noël) morality on and of stage, 99 background and training, 7, 10, 18, 30 professionalism of, 20 beneit concert, 131–133 professional persona, 98–99 career, 130–135, 161 in public vs private sphere, 89, 97–98, 108

238 Index

theater women (singers, actresses, dancers) (cont.) Falcon in, 84 visible signs of age, 113–114 Julian in, 86 See also women touring. See congés (holidays) and touring Théâtre de la Porte Saint-Martin, 120 tragédie lyrique,29,40 Théâtre de l’Odéon, 16, 27 transportation, 85 Théâtre des Arts de Rouen, 40 Treillet, Cécile Caroline, 157 Théâtre des Variétés, 136 Treillet, Eugène, 157 Théâtre de Toulouse, 84 Théâtre du Vaudeville, 73, 87, 120, 136 Ugalde, Casto, 107, 162 Théâtre-Français, 16, 126 Ugalde, Delphine (née Beaucé) Théâtre-Italien lithograph (ig. 2.1), 56 beneit concerts at, 120, 200 (n25) in l’Ambassadrice,107 Cinti-Damoreau at, 35, 63, 123 at Boufes-Parisiens, 18, 135, 136 Cruvelli at, 76 career, 38, 135–136, 162 Italian repertoire at, 2, 136 contract negotiations, 75 Julian at, 86 debuts, 18, 55–56 Mario de Candia at, 20 family, 18 Roissy at, 136 marriages, 38, 107 Sontag at, 103 memoirs, 3, 55 See also Italian opera as a prima donna, 1, 107–108 Théâtre-Lyrique protection and support, 55–56 and the Opéra-National, 164 (n3) roles and performance schedule, 78, 81 French repertoire at, 46, 136 and Sasse, 24, 170 (n75) Gluck’s operas at, 26, 135 travels, 86 Caroline Duprez at, 17 Halte au moulin (opéra comique), 162 Gueymard-Lauters at, 23 Ugalde, Jeanne, 162 Sasse at, 24 Ugalde, Marguerite, 135, 162 Ugalde at, 18, 136 Théâtre Michel, 129 Vandenheuvel (Belgian violinist), 149 Théâtre royal de la Monnaie (Brussels) Van Gelder, M. (singer, pianist), 86, 153 Calvé at, 23 Varcollier, François, 107, 162 Colon at, 87 Verdi, Giuseppe debutantes at, 46 Ernani,86 Heinefetter at, 57 Jérusalem,86 Julian at, 86 Le Trouvère,136 role types at, 178 (n58) Les Vêpres siciliennes,76 Stoltz at, 19, 39 Véron, Louis Thillon, Anna (née Hunt), 10, 29, 72, 161 on the claque, 57 Thillon, Claude, 161 and Falcon, 48, 50, 119 Thomas, Ambroise, 33, 136 andRachelFélix,98 Le Caïd,78 Opéra directorship, 16, 64, 65, 113, 125 Carline,43 Mémoires d’un bourgeois de Paris,109 Tilly, Louise, 72 Vésuviennes, 93 Tillyard, Stella, 98 Viardot, Louis, 82, 108, 191 (n30) Toulouse Viardot, Pauline (née Garcia) Conservatoire branch, 27 and Cabel, 10

Index 239

career, 162 royal theater contracts, 27 contracts and earnings, 76, 83 See also debutantes family, 17 voice teachers and Marchesi, 33 retired singers as, 136 marriage, 93, 95, 191 (n30) students’ imitation of, 30 as a prima donna, 108, 138 student-teacher relationships, 23–24 roles, 24, 135 women as, 34–36 and Sand’s Consuelo, 111 See also speciic teachers teaching career, 34 Vigier, Baron Georges, 76, 146 Waldor, Mélanie, 11 vocal and role types Wartel, Pierre, 30, 33 and age discrepancies, 114 Weber, Carl Maria von, 10 in Opéra/Opéra-Comique troupes, 42 Euryanthe,113 with rise of grand opera, 63–64 Wekerlin, Jean-Baptiste-Théodore, 144 soprano falcon, 49, 130, 178 (n58) Widemann, Marie Anne [Anna] (née Jung), specialization in, 26, 30, 98 136, 163 vocalization (wordless singing), 25 Willson, Flora, 135 vocal method books, 28–29, 32, 36 Wollstonecraft, Mary, 91 vocal science, 36 women vocal training and pedagogy and bourgeois morality, 89 descriptions of, 24, 31–34 education for, 19, 27–28 developments in, 36 marriage and the domestic ideal, 93 emploi specialization, 30 subordination of “modern” French woman, individual and group lessons, 22–24 90–92 Italian school of, 28–30 unmarried or independent, 92 levels and subjects, 25 See also theater women municipal music schools, 26 women’s rights and feminism, 92 from parents, 19–20 working conditions voice students in Parisian theaters, 77–84 auditions, 41 in provincial theaters, 86 earnings, 16 family and social background, 12–14 Zévaco, Thérèse Joséphine, 137, 163 professional careers, 13–14 Zingarelli, Nicola Antonio public performances, 37–38 Giulietta e Romeo,107