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Great Missenden Great Missenden Buckinghamshire Historic Towns Assessment Report The High Street and environs, Great Missenden, 1931 - Britain from Above © English Heritage The Buckinghamshire Historic Towns Project was carried out between 2008 and 2012 by Buckinghamshire County Council with the sponsorship of English Heritage and the support of Chiltern District Council © Buckinghamshire County Council 2010 Report produced by David Green and Ruth Beckley Historical documentary report by Peter Diplock, Leicester University All the mapping contained in this report is based upon the Ordnance Survey mapping with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office © Crown copyright. All rights reserved 100021529 (2010) All historic mapping contained in this report © Intermap Technologies Ltd All Historic Photographs are reproduced courtesy of the Centre for Buckinghamshire Studies unless otherwise stated. Copies of this report and further information can be obtained from: Buckinghamshire County Council Planning Advisory and Compliance Service, Place Service, Buckinghamshire County Council County Hall Aylesbury Bucks HP20 1UY Tel: 01296 382656 Email: [email protected] Great Missenden Historic Town Assessment Summary .................................................................................................................................................. 5 I DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................................... 8 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Project Background and Purpose ............................................................................................ 8 1.2 Aims ......................................................................................................................................... 8 2 Setting ............................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Location, Topography & Geology ............................................................................................ 9 2.2 Wider Landscape ..................................................................................................................... 9 3 Evidence .......................................................................................................................................... 15 3.1 Historic Maps .......................................................................................................................... 15 3.2 Documentary Evidence .......................................................................................................... 15 3.3 Built Heritage .......................................................................................................................... 15 3.4 Archaeological Evidence ........................................................................................................ 19 3.5 Environmental Evidence ........................................................................................................ 20 4 Archaeological & Historical Development ................................................................................... 23 4.1 Prehistoric and Roman period (c.10,000 BC – AD 410) ........................................................ 23 4.2 Saxon synthesis (AD 410 – 1066) ......................................................................................... 25 4.3 Medieval period (1066-1536) ................................................................................................. 27 4.4 Post medieval period (1536-1800) ......................................................................................... 38 4.5 Modern period (1800-Present) ............................................................................................... 41 II ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................................................. 50 5 Designations ................................................................................................................................... 50 5.1 Conservation Areas (CA) ....................................................................................................... 50 5.2 Registered Parks and Gardens .............................................................................................. 50 5.3 Scheduled Monuments .......................................................................................................... 50 5.4 Listed Buildings ...................................................................................................................... 50 5.5 Archaeological Notification Areas .......................................................................................... 50 6 Historic Urban Zones ..................................................................................................................... 51 6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 51 6.2 Historic Urban Zones ............................................................................................................. 51 6.3 Archaeological Assessment ................................................................................................... 51 6.4 Heritage Values ...................................................................................................................... 54 6.5 Historic Settlement ................................................................................................................. 56 6.6 Modern Settlement ................................................................................................................. 60 III RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................................ 63 7 Management Recommendations .................................................................................................. 63 7.1 Conservation Area Appraisals ................................................................................................ 63 7.2 Registered Parks and Gardens .............................................................................................. 63 7.3 Archaeological Notification Areas .......................................................................................... 63 7.4 Scheduled Monuments .......................................................................................................... 63 7.5 Listed Buildings ...................................................................................................................... 63 8 Research Agenda ........................................................................................................................... 63 8.1 Prehistoric and Roman ........................................................................................................... 63 8.2 Saxon ..................................................................................................................................... 63 8.3 Medieval ................................................................................................................................. 64 8.4 Post Medieval ......................................................................................................................... 64 9 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................... 65 10 Addresses ................................................................................................................................... 67 Appendix: Chronology & Glossary of Terms ..................................................................................... 68 10.1 Chronology (taken from Unlocking Buckinghamshire’s Past Website) .................................. 68 10.2 Glossary of Terms .................................................................................................................. 68 11 Appendix: HER Records ............................................................................................................ 70 11.1 Monuments HER Report ........................................................................................................ 70 11.2 Landscapes HER Reports ...................................................................................................... 73 11.3 Find Spots .............................................................................................................................. 73 11.4 Listed Buildings ...................................................................................................................... 77 11.5 Dendro-chronology for buildings in Great Missenden (Vernacular Architecture Group, 2002) 79 11.6 Cruck buildings in Great Missenden (Source: Vernacular Architecture Group) .................... 79 3 Great Missenden Historic Town Assessment 12 Appendix: Trade Listings and Population Data ...................................................................... 80 13 Appendix: Historical Consultancy Report ............................................................................... 82 List of Illustrations Figure 2: Urban Character Zones for Great Missenden ...........................................................................
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