Appendix A List of entries by subject

This appendix consists of 9 tables, containing titles of main Geothermometry and geobarometry articles and related entries for the the following general sub• Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) jects: Analytical Techniques; Chemical Grouping of the Ion exchange chromatography Elements; Earth; Geochemical Thermodynamics; Geochemical Ion microprobe Exploration, Hydrological and Hydrothermal Regimes; Isotope dilution Geochemical Groupings of the Elements; Geochemistry and Isotope fractionation Geochemical Cycles; Organic Geochemistry; Phase Equilibria Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and Mineralogy. (LA-ICP-MS) Luminescence Micro-Raman spectrometry Table AA 1. Analytical Techniques Neutron activation analysis (NAA) Particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) Remote sensing Analysis: field methods Rock-Eva! pyrolysis Analytical geochemistry Sampling Analytical techniques Scanning electron microscope (SEM) Atomic absorption Compound-specific isotope GC-MS Spectrophotometry Synchrotron X-ray analysis Counters Thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) Thermogravimetry Dating Methods Thermoluminescence 40Ar-39 Ar dating method X-ray diffraction (XRD) Carbon-14 dating and other applications X-ray fluorescence ( XRF) Fission track analysis Lutetium-hafnium decay system Potassium-argon dating method Potassium-calcium decay system Table AA2. Chemical Grouping of the Elements Rhenium-osmium dating method (each in alphabetical order) Rubidium strontium method Samarium-neodymium Uranium series disequilibria Elements: Actinide series Uranium-lead thorium-lead decay system Actinium, americium, berkelium, californium, curium, einstei• nium, fermium, lawrencium, mendelevium, neptunium, nobel• Differential thermal analysis and scanning calorimetry ium, plutonium, protactinium, thorium, uranium Electron microprobe Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) Gas source mass spectrometry Elements: Alkali and alkaline earth Geochemical reference materials Barium, beryllium, calcium, cesium, francium, lithium, magne• Geothermometers sium, potassium, radium, rubidium, sodium, strontium APPENDIX A LIST OF ENTRIES BY SUBJECT 677

Elements: Halogens Earth's mantle geochemistry Bromine, chlorine, fluorine, (hydrogen), iodine Black shales and sapropels Carbonate sediments Elements: Lanthanide series, rare earths Geochemistry of sediments Neodymium in sedimentary rocks Cerium, dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, holmium, Oil shales lanthanum, lutetium, neodymium, praseodymium, prome• Soils thium, samarium, terbium, thulium, ytterbium Strontium in sedimentary rocks

Elements: Metalloids Earth's oceanic crust Aluminum, antimony, arsenic, astatine, bismuth, boron, Mid ocean ridge basalts (MORB) carbon, gallium, germanium, indium, lead, polonium, sele• nium, silicon, silica, sulfur, tellurium, thallium, tin Magmatic processes Elements: Noble gases Mid ocean ridge basalts (MORB) Argon, helium, krypton, neon, radon, xenon Neodymium in igneous rocks Strontium in igneous rocks Sulfides in mafic and ultramafic rocks Elements: Transitional Volcanic gases Cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gold, hafnium, iridium, Volcanism iron, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, osmium, palladium, platinum, rhenium, rhodium, ruthenium, scandium, silver, tantalum, technetium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, yttrium, zinc, zirconium Table AA4. 'Geochemical Thermodynamics

Activation energy, activation enthalpy, activation volume Activity and activity coefficients Table AA3. Earth Calorimetry Clapeyron's equation Earth's atmosphere Debye-Huckel equation Biogenic methane and gas hydrates Enthalpy Elements: Noble gases Entropy Laboratory simulations of oil and natural gas formation Equilibrium Natural gas Equilibrium constant Precambrian atmosphere Fick's laws Volcanic gases Geochemical thermodynamics Gibbs-Duhem equation Henry's law Earth's continental crust Thermochemistry Metamorphic environments: Chemical mobility Precambrian geochemistry Rocks Table AA5. Geochemical Exploration, Hydrological Earth's core geochemistry and Hydrothermal Regimes

Earth's formation and geochemical evolution Acid deposition Acids and bases Elements: Distribution Aqueous solutions Geochemical tectonics Authigenesis Chelation Earth's ocean geochemistry Diagenesis Biopolymers and macromolecules Dolomite and dolomitization Calcium carbonate and the carbonic acid systems Eh-pH relations Carbonate compensation depth Epigenesis Nutrients Fluid rock interactions Paleo-sea surface temperature estimation Fluids in volcanic and plutonic environments: evidence from Paleoenvironments fluid inclusions Paleoproductivity Geochemical exploration Paleotemperatures Geochemistry: Low temperature Sulfate reduction Geothermal systems 678 APPENDIX A LIST OF ENTRIES BY SUBJECT

Hydrothermal alteration Hydrothermal solutions Table AA8. Organic Geochemistry Hypogene Metamorphic environments: chemical mobility Biogeochemistry Natural resources Biopolymers and macromolecules Oklo natural nuclear reactor Black shales and sapropels Ore deposits Compound-specific isotope GC-MS Oxidation-reduction Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) Paragenesis Hydrocarbons Sedimentary fluids Lipids (eubacteria and archaebacteria) Soil Oil shales Supergene Occurrence of organic facies Surface geochemistry Organic geochemistry Syngenesis Organics: Sources and depositional environments Thixotropy Organics: Contemporary degradation and preservation Water Porphyrins Water: Fresh Precambrian organic matter Weathering: Chemical Rock-Eva! pyrolysis Steroidal compounds

Chemical fossils Table AA6. Geochemical Groupings of the Biomarker: Aliphatic Elements Biomarker: Aromatic Biomarker: Assessment of thermal maturity Geochemical classification of the elements Biomarker: Coals Elements: Chalcophile Biomarker: Higher plant Elements: Distribution Biomarker: Lipid Elements: Heat producing Coals Elements: High field strength Coal: Organic petrography Elements: Incompatible Coal: Origin and diagenesis Elements: Lithophile Coal: Types and characteristics Elements: Large ion lithophile Coal: Vitrinite reflectance and maturity assessment Elements: Platinum group Petroleum Elements: Siderophile Petroleum Oil-oil and oil-source rock correlation Elements: Radioactive Oil seeps and coastal bitumens Cosmogenic nuclides Petroleum: Hydrothermal Elementary particles Petroleum: In-reservoir biodegradation Geochronology and radioisotopes Petroleum: Kinetic modeling Geologic time scale Petroleum: Primary migration Nucleosynthesis Petroleum: Surface geochemistry Radioactivity Petroleum: Types, occurrence and reserves Tritium

Elements: Trace Natural gas Onuma diagrams Biogenic methane and gas hydrates Partition coefficients Laboratory simulations of oil and natural gas formation Rare earth element tetrad effect Trace element partitioning models Table AA9. Phase Equilibria and Mineralogy

Critical points Table AA7. Geochemistry and Geochemical Cycles Crystal chemistry Crystal field theory Carbon cycle Crystal growth Geochemistry Diffusion History of geochemistry Electronegativity Hydrologic cycle Experimental mineralogy and petrology Nitrogen cycle Exsolution Sulfur cycle Fugacity APPENDIX A LIST OF ENTRIES BY SUBJECT 679

Ionic radii Mi:issbauer spectroscopy Magnetism Phase equilibria Mass transfer Solid solution Mineral defects Surface geochemistry Mineral genesis Vander Waals force Appendix B Alphabetical list of the chemical elements (up to 1 03)

Name Symbol No. Goldschmidt Family Group Discovered

Actinium Ac 89 decay product actinide IIIB 1889 Aluminum AI 13 lithophile metalloid IliA 1827 Americium Am 95 artificial actinide IIIB 1944 Antimony Sb 51 chalcophile metalloid VA antiquity Argon Ar 18 atmophile noble gas VIII A 1894 Arsenic As 33 chalcophile (siderophile) metalloid VA antiquity Astatine At 85 artificial halogen VIlA 1940 Barium Ba 56 lithophile alkaline earth IIA 1808 Berkelium Bk 97 artificial actinide IIIB 1949 Beryllium Be 4 lithophile alkaline earth IIA 1798 Bismuth Bi 83 chalcophile metalloid VA 1753 Boron B 5 lithophile metalloid IliA 1808 Bromine Br 35 lithophile (atmophile) halogen VIlA 1826 Cadmium Cd 48 chalcophile transition metal liB 1817 Calcium Ca 20 lithophile alkaline earth IIA 1808 Californium Cf 98 artificial actinide IIIB 1950 Carbon c 6 siderophile (lithophile, atmophile) metalloid IVA antiquity Cerium Ce 58 lithophile lanthanide IIIB 1803 Cesium Cs 55 lithophile alkali lA 1860 Chlorine Cl 17 lithophile (atmophile) halogen VIlA 1774 Chromium Cr 24 lithophile transition metal VIB 1797 Cobalt Co 27 siderophile transition metal VIIIB 1735 Copper Cu 29 chalcophi1e transition metal IB antiquity Curium Cm 96 artificial actinide IIIB 1944 Dysprosium Dy 66 lithophile lanthanide IIIB 1886 Einsteinium Es 99 artificial actinide IIIB 1952 Erbium Er 68 lithophile lanthanide IIIB 1843 Europium Eu 63 lithophile lanthanide IIIB 1896 Fermium Fm 100 artificial actinide IIIB 1953 Fluorine F 9 lithophile (atmophile) halogen VIlA 1886 Francium Fr 87 decay product alkali lA 1939 Gadolinium Gd 64 lithophile lanthanide IIIB 1880 Gallium Ga 31 chalcophile (lithophile) metalloid IliA 1857 Germanium Ge 32 siderophile (chalcophile, lithophile) metalloid IVA 1886 Gold Au 79 siderophile (chalcophile) transition metal IB antiquity Hafnium Hf 72 lithophile transition metal IVB 1923 Helium He 2 atmophile noble gas VIII A 1868 APPENDIX B LIST OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS 681

Name Symbol No. Goldschmidt Family Group Discovered

Holmium Ho 67 lithophile lanthanide IIIB 1878 Hydrogen H 1 atmophile (lithophile) ? lA 1776 Indium In 49 chalcophile metalloid IliA 1863 Iodine I 53 lithophile (atmophile) halogen VIlA 1811 Iridium Ir 77 siderophile transition metal VIIIB 1803 Iron Fe 26 siderophile (chalcophile, lithophile) transition metal VIIIB antiquity Krypton Kr 36 atmophile noble gas VIII A 1898 Lanthanum La 57 lithophile lanthanide IIIB 1839 Lawrencium Lr 103 artificial actinide IIIB 1961 Lead Pb 82 chalcophile (siderophile) metalloid IVA antiquity Lithium Li 3 lithophile alkali lA 1817 Lutetium Lu 71 lithophile lanthanide IIIB 1907 Magnesium Mg 12 lithophile alkaline earth IIA 1755 Manganese Mn 25 lithophile transition metal VIIB 1774 Mendelevium Md 101 artificial actinide IIIB 1955 Mercury Hg 80 chalcophile transition metal liB antiquity Molybdenum Mo 42 siderophile (chalcophile) transition metal VIB 1778 Neodymium Nd 60 lithophile lanthanide IIIB 1885 Neon Ne 10 atmophile noble gas VIIIA 1898 Neptunium Np 93 artificial actinide IIIB 1940 Nickel Ni 28 siderophile transition metal VIIIB 1751 Niobium Nb 41 lithophile transition metal VB 1801 Nitrogen N 7 atmophile (lithophile) metalloid VA 1772 Nobelium No 102 artificial actinide IIIB 1958 Osmium Os 76 siderophile transition metal VIIIB 1803 Oxygen 0 8 lithophile (atmophile) metalloid VIA 1774 Palladium Pd 46 siderophile transition metal VIIIB 1803 Phosphorus p 15 siderophile (lithophile) metalloid VA 1669 Platinum Pt 78 siderophile transition metal VIIIB 1735 Plutonium Pu 94 artificial actinide IIIB 1948 Polonium Po 84 decay product metalloid VIA 1892 Potassium K 19 lithophile alkali lA 1807 Praseodymium Pr 59 lithophile lanthanide IIIB 1885 Promethium Pm 61 artificial lanthanide IIIB 1945 Protactinium Pa 91 decay product actinide IIIB 1918 Radium Ra 88 decay product alkaline earth IIA 1898 Radon Rn 86 decay product noble gas VIllA 1900 Rhenium Re 75 siderophile (chalcophile) transition metal VIIB 1925 Rhodium Rh 45 siderophile transition metal VIIIB 1803 Rubidium Rb 37 lithophile alkali lA 1861 Ruthenium Ru 44 siderophile transition metal VIIIB 1844 Samarium Sm 62 lithophile lanthanide IIIB 1879 Scandium Sc 21 lithophile transition metal IIIB 1879 Selenium Se 34 chalcophile metalloid VIA 1817 Silicon Si 14 lithophile metalloid IVA 1811 Silver Ag 47 chalcophile transition metal IB antiquity Sodium Na 11 lithophile alkali lA 1807 Strontium Sr 38 lithophile alkaline earth IIA 1808 Sulfur s 16 chalcophile metalloid VIA antiquity Tantalum Ta 73 lithophile transition metal VB 1802 Technetium Tc 43 artificial transition metal VIIB 1937 Tellurium Te 52 chalcophile metalloid VIA 1782 Terbium Tb 65 lithophile lanthanide IIIB 1843 Thallium Tl 81 chalcophile (lithophile) metalloid IliA 1861 Thorium Th 90 lithophile actinide IIIB 1828 Thulium Tm 69 lithophile lanthanide IIIB 1879 Tin Sn 50 siderophile (chalcophile) metalloid IVA antiquity Titanium Ti 22 lithophile transition metal IVB 1791 Tungsten w 74 lithophile (siderophile) transition metal VIB 1781 Uranium u 92 lithophile actinide IIIB 1789 Vanadium v 23 lithophile transition metal VB 1801 Xenon Xe 54 atmophile noble gas VIllA 1898 Ytterbium Yb 70 lithophile lanthanide IIIB 1907 Yttrium y 39 lithophile transition metal IIIB 1843 Zinc Zn 30 chalcophile transition metal liB 1746 Zirconium Zr 40 lithophile transition metal IVB 1789 Appendix C The international system of units

The international system of units, abbreviated SI for SP-7012). Both publications are published by and available Systeme International (d'Unites), was defined and given through the US Government Printing Office (Washington, official status by the 11th General Conference on Weights DC 20402, USA). and Measures, 1960. The complete listing of SI units and The SI system is composed of seven base units as well as a various other supplementary units may be found in The number of derived and supplementary units. The following International System of Units (SI) (National Bureau of compilation includes tables of the SI units (Tables AC1-AC7) Standards Special Publication 330, 1981 edition) and in The as well as tables of certain important units that are outside the International System of Units: Physical Constants and SI system (Tables AC8-AC!l) but are still in common use. Conversion Factors, second revision, 1973, by E.A. Mechtly The tabular data are from NBS Special Publication 330, (National Aeronautics and Space Administration Publication 1981 edition.

Table AC1 51 base units

51 unit 51 unit

Quantity Name Symbol Quantity Name Symbol

Length metera m Thermodynamic kelvine K Mass kilogramb kg temperature Time secondc s Amount of substance mole1 mol Electric current ampered A Luminous intensity candelag cd

86 a A meter is the length equal to 1 650 763.73 wavelengths in vacuum of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the levels 2p10 and Sd5 of the Kr atom. b A kilogram is equal to the mass of the international prototype of the kilogram. 'A second is the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the 133Cs atom. dAn ampere is that constant current which 1 if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross section, and placed 1 meter apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2 x 10- 7 newton per meter of length. 'A kelvin is the fraction 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water. fA mole is the amount of substance of a system that contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilogram of 12C. g A candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 x 1012 hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of (1/683) watt per steradian. APPENDIX C THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS 683

Table AC2 Examples of Sl derived units expressed in terms of base units

SI unit

Quantity Name Symbol

Area square meter m2 Volume cubic meter m3 Speed, velocity meter per second ms- 1 Acceleration meter per second squared ms- 2 Wave number 1 per meter m-1 Density, mass density kilogram per cubic meter kgm- 3 Specific volume cubic meter per kilogram m3 kg-1 Current density ampere per square meter Am- 2 Magnetic field strength ampere per meter Am- 1 Concentration (of amount of substance) mole per cubic meter molm-3 Luminance candela per square meter cdm- 2

Table AC3 Sl derived units with special names

SI unit

Expression in terms Expression in terms Quantity Name Symbol of other units of SI base units

Frequency hertz Hz s-1 Force newton N m kg s-2 Pressure, stress pascal Pa Nm-2 m-1 kg s-2 Energy, work, quantity of heat joule J Nm m2kgs- 2 Power, radiant flux watt w J s-1 m2 kgs-3 Electric charge, quantity of electricity coulomb c sA Electric potential, potential difference, electromotive force volt v wA-1 m2kgs-3A-1 Capacitance farad F cv-l m-2kg-ls4A2 Electric resistance ohm Q vA-1 m2 kgs-3A-2 Electric conductance siemens s Av-1 m-2kg-ls3A2 Magnetic flux weber Wb V s-1 m 2 kgs-2A-1 Magnetic flux density tesla T Wbm-2 kgs-2A-1 Inductance henry H WbA-1 m2kgs-2A- 2 Celsius temperature degree Celsius oc K Luminous flux lumen lm cd sr Illuminance lux lx lmm-2 m- 2 cd sr

Table AC4 Examples of Sl derived units expressed by means of special names

SI unit

Expression in terms of SI Quantity Name Symbol base units

Dynamic viscosity pascal second Pas m-1kgs-1 Moment of force newton meter Nm m2 kg s- 1 Surface tension newton per meter Nm- 1 kg s- 2 Heat flux density, irradiance watt per square meter wm- 2 kg s- 3 Heat capacity, entropy joule per kelvin JK-1 m2 kgs- 2 K-1 Specific heat capacity, specific entropy joule per kilogram kelvin J (kg K)- 1 m2s-2K-1 Specific energy joule per kilogram J kg-1 m2 s-2 Thermal conductivity watt per meter kelvin W(mK)-1 m kg s- 3 K- 1 Energy density joule per cubic meter Jm-3 m-1kgs- 2 Electric field strength volt per meter vm- 1 mkgs-3A-1 Electric charge density coulomb per cubic meter cm-3 m-3 sA Electric flux density coulomb per square meter cm-2 m-2 sA Permittivity farad per meter Fm- 1 m-3 kg-1 s4 A2 Permeability henry per meter Hm- 1 mkgs- 2 A- 2 Molar energy joule per mole Jmol-1 m2kg s-2mol-1 Molar entropy, molar heat capacity joule per mole kelvin J (mol K)-1 m2 kg s-2 K-1 mol-1 Exposure (X andy rays) coulomb per kilogram Ckg- 1 kg- 1 sA Absorbed dose rate gray per second Gy s- 1 m2 s-3 684 APPENDIX C THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS

Table AC5 51 supplementary units Table AC9 Units in use temporarily with the international system

SI unit Name Symbol Value in SI unit

Quantity Name Symbol Nautical mile I nautical mile= 1852 m Knot 1 nautical mile per hour= (1852/3600) m s- 1 Plane angle radian rad Angstrom A 1 A= o.r nm = 10- 1o m Solid angle steradian sr Are a 1 a= 1 dam2 =102 m2 Hectare ha I ha = I hm2 = 104 m2 Barn b 1 b = 100 fm 2 = 10-28 m2 Bar bar 1 bar= 0.1 MPa = 10 5 Pa Table AC6 Examples of Sl derived units formed by using Gal Gal 1 Gal = 1 em s-2 = 10-2 m s-2 supplementary units Curie Ci 1 Ci=3.7 X 10 10 Bq Roentgen R 1 R=2.58 x 10-4 ckg- 1 SI unit Rad rad 1 rad= 1 cGy= 10-2 Gy Rem rem 1 rem= 1 cSv= 10- 2 Sv Quantity Name Symbol

Angular velocity radian per second rad s- 1 Angular acceleration radian per second squared rad s-2 1 Radian intensity watt per steradian Wsr- Table AC10 CGS units with special names Radiance watt per square meter per steradian wm-2 sr- 1 Name Symbol Value in SI unit

Erg erg I erg= 10-7 J Table AC7 51 prefixes Dyne dyn 1 dyn= 10-5 N Poise p 1 P = 1 dyn s em- 2 = 0.1 Pa s Factor Prefix Symbol Factor Prefix Symbol Stokes St 1St= I cm2 s- 1 =10- 4 m2 s- 1 Gauss Gs,G I Gs corresponds to 10-4 T 10-1 1018 ex a E deci d 1000 1015 peta p 10-2 centi c Oersted Oe 1 Oe corresponds to 4,;:;-- A m- 1 1012 tera T 10-3 milli m Maxwell Mx 1 Mx corresponds to 10-8 Wb 109 giga G 10-4 micro fl Stilb sb 1 sb = 1 cd em - 2 = 104 cd m - 2 106 mega M 10-9 nano n Phot ph lph=l04 lx 1 03 kilo k 10-12 pi co p 102 hecto h 10-15 femto f 101 deka da 10-18 atto a

Note: NBS Special Publication 330 (p. 12) states 'Among the base units of the International System, the unit of mass is the only one whose name, for historical reasons, contains a prefix. Names of decimal multiples and sub-multiples of the unit of mass are formed by Table AC11 Other units generally deprecated attaching prefixes to the word "gram".' Thus, for example, 10- 6 kg= 1 milligram (not 1 microkilogram). Name Value in SI unit

Fermi 1 fermi= 1 fm = 10- 15 m Table AC8 Units in use with the international system Metric carat 1 metric carat= 200 mg = 2 x 10-4 kg 101 325 Torr 1 torr=~Pa Name Symbol Value in SI unit Standard atmosphere (atm) 1 atm = 101 325 Pa Minute min 1 min =60s Kilogram-force (kgf) 1 kgf=9.80665N Hour h 1 h = 60 min = 3600 s Calorie (cal) Day d 1 d = 24 h = 86 400 s Micron (f.l) Degree 10 =(n/180) rad X unit Minute 1' = (l/60t = (n/10 800) rad Stere (st) 1 st = 1m3 Second 1" = (1/60)' = (n/648 000) rad Gamma (y) 1 y= 1 nT= 10- 9 T Liter l,L 1 L =ldm3 =10- 3 m3 y 1 y = 1 f.lg = 10- 9 kg Metric ton 1 t = 103 kg 'A 1/,= 1 f.!L= 10- 6 L= 10-9 m3 Index of Authors Cited

Abachi, S. 195 Allen, L.C. 193 Arndt, N.T. 271, 421 Abbott, D. 150 Allen, O.R. 204 Arnold, D.M. 110 Abe, F. 195 Allen, R.D. 208, 253 Arnold, G.W. 598 Abell, P.l. 484 Allen, T. 457 Arnold, J.R. 10 Abelmann, A. 290 Aller, L.H. 213 Arnold, M. 64 Abelson, P.H. 457 Aller, R.C. 291, 547 Arnorsson, S. 48, 337 Aber, J. 431 Allred, A.L. 193 Arrhenius, G.O.S. 178, 291 Abercrombie, H.J. 571 Allsopp, H.L. 602 Arthur, M.A. 72, 473, 480 Abragam, A. 382 Almeida Azedovo, D. 41 Asaro, F. 13, 517 Abu-Ali, M.A. 504 Alpers, C.N. 186 Ashcroft, N.W. 382 Ackerman, T.P. 532 Alpher, R.A. 437 Asian, A. 4 79 Acree, W.E., Jr 582 Alt, J.C. 182, 302, 607 Astle, M.J. 221 Adam, J. 489 Alvarez, L.W. 13, 517 Atherley, J.F. 357 Adams, F.D. 321 Alvarez, W.L. 13, 517 Atkins, P.W. 227, 232, 255, 625 Adams, J.A.S. 209, 648 Ambler, R.P. 457 Atkinson, T.C. 56 Adams, S.S. 452 Amelinckx, S. 409 Atreya, S.K. 59 Adamson, A.W. 617 American Nuclear Society 220 Attanasi, E.D. 505 Addadi L. 57 American Society of Mechanical Aubert, H. 577 Adler, H.H. 504 Engineers 666 Austin, S.M. 48 Adloff, J.P. 189 Arnie!, S. 425 Australian Institute of Petroleum 442 Adriaens, P. 186 Ammon, C.J. 150 Aylmer, D. 627 Adriano, D.C. 29, 102, 675 Amstutz, G.C. 232 Ayora, C. 290 Agee, C.B. 155-6, 162 Anbar, A.D. 550 Ayuso, R.A. 252 Aggarwal, J.K. 48 Anderegg, G. 77 Agnew, A.F. 322 Anders, E. 104, 155, 162, 203, 399, 437, Baadsgaard, H. 525 Agrawal, D.P. 630 517, 644 Aguilar, R.D. 518, 621 Baas, J.M.A. 595 Andersen, D.J. 243 Aharon, P. 72 Baas, M. 595 Anderson, A.J. 259, 336, 620 Ahrens, L. 44 Baas-Becking, L.G.M. 18, 186, 282 Anderson, A.T. 123, 378 Ahrens, L.H. 210, 266 Bachinski, D.J. 614 Ahrens, T.J. 155 Anderson, D.L. 155, 162, 226, 426 Bacon, M.P. 538, 634 Ahrland, S. 77 Anderson, E.C. 64 Bada, J.L. 457, 531 Aines, R.D. 252 Anderson, G.M. 186, 227, 232, 255, 277, Baddenhausen, H. 156, 162 Aitcheson, S.J. 421 515, 593 Badham, N. 531 Aitken, M.J. 630 Anderson, R.F. 538, 634 Baekelandt, B. 193 Albarede, F. 210, 367, 421 Anderson, T.F. 72, 473 Baes, C.F., Jr. 102, 353, 538, 644 Albeck, S. 57 Anderson, T.L. 610 Bagnall, K.W. 518 Alberty, R.A. 593 Andersson, P.S. 634 Bainbridge, A.E. 67, 178 Albrecht, P. 41, 100, 323, 456, 521, 595 Andreae, M.O. 178 Baker, D.R. 387, 497, 500 Alcock, C.B. 582 Andree, M. 64 Baker, E.T. 178 Alder, B. 64 Andrews, A.C. 326 Baker, E.W. 497 Aleva, G.J.J. 418, 453 Angina, E.E. 44 Baker, J.P. 10 Alexander, C.A. 77 Anovitz, L.M. 48 Baker, P.A. 141 Alexander, L.E. 110 Anthony, J. 577 Balas sa, J .J. 622 Alexander, R. 323, 441 Aoki, K. 168 Baldwin, S.L. 139 Alexandrov, E.A. 384 Appleton, J.D. 428 Bale, C.W. 582 Allan, J.F. 182 Araguas-Araguas, L. 473, 592 Ball, J.W. 102, 186, 353 Allard, B. 11, 123, 424 Archer, D. 290 Ball, T.K. 203 Allegre, C.J. 19, 155, 161-2 168, 203, 207, Ardouin, B. 653 Banerjee, S.K. 243 218, 314, 367-8, 422-3, 561, 653, 672 Armstrong, R.L. 150, 298, 541 Banfield, J.F. 598 686 INDEX OF AUTHORS CITED

Banks, D.A. 337 Bennema, P. 123, 404 Bogard, D.D. 526 Banner, J.L. 290, 599 Benner, L.S. 347, 551, 562 Boggs, S., Jr. 18, 282 Banno, S. 447 Bennett, H. 671 Bohlen, S.R. 306 Barbieri, M. 29 Bennett, V.C. 656 Bohrmann, G. 290 Bard, A.J. 466 Benoit, P.H. 399 Boisen, M.B., Jr. 117 Bard, E. 64, 653 Benson, B.B. 434 Boland, J.N. 403 Bardossy, G. 418, 453 Benson, L.V. 87 Boles, J.R. 571 Barefoot, R.R. 12, 347, 551, 562 Berelson, W.M. 291 Bolt, G.H. 87 Barghoorn, E.S. 536 Berendsen, P. 378 Bolton, J.R. 382 Barker, J.A. 189 Bergantz, G.W. 182 Bommerson, J.C. 357 Barnes, H.L. 100, 239, 336, 353, 453 Berger, B.R. 577 Bonatti, E. 27, 182 Barnes, I. 18 Berger, R. 639 Bonnelle, C. 191 Barnes, I.L. 21, 213 Berger, W.H. 73, 474, 484, 619 Bookstrom, A.A. 413 Barnes, M.A. 321 Berkaloff, C. 43 Bordenave, M.L. 497 Barnes, S-J. 218 Berman, R.G. 414, 515 Boreham, C.J. 521-2, 537, 595 Barnes, V.E. 321 Bernard, F.P. 499 Borisov, A. 162 Baronnet, A. 409 Bernasconi, S. 142 Borsato, A. 57 Baross, J.A. 459 Berner, E.K. 18, 609, 666, 668 Bose, M.R. 243 Barrett, S.M. 325, 477 Berner, R.A. 18, 56, 59, 67, 178, 186, 282, Bostrom, K. 291, 619 Barrick, J.E. 517 459-60, 609, 666, 668 Bothner, M.H. 550 Barry, R.G. 145 Bernstein, L.R. 259, 308 Bottinga Y. 357 Barth, S. 48, 49 Berry, F.A.F. 85 Bottrell, S.H. 337 Barton, P.B., Jr. 186, 302 Berry, F.J. 117 Boudreau, A.E. 218 Bartow, P.M. 109 Berry, L.G. 413, 603, 605, 608 Boulange, B. 615 Basaltic Volcanism Study Project 659 Berthelin, J. 31 Boulaud, D. 518 Baskaran, M. 329, 635 Bertrand, G.L. 582 Boulegue, J. 498, 608 Bassett, R.L. 249 Beserra, T.B. 644 Bouloubassi, I. 35 Bastin, G.F. 191 Bethe, H. 120 Bourgeois, J. 27, 555 Basu, A. 291 Bethke, P.M. 333, 577 Bourles, D.L. 10 Basu, S. 243 Beukes, N.J. 532 Bouvier-Nave, P. 41, 369 Bates, N.R. 602 Bevins, R.E. 203 Bouwer, H. 331 Bates, R.G. 9 Beyer, W.H. 221 Bowell, E.L.G. 659 Bates, R.L. 218 Bhat, S.G. 634 Bowen, N.L. 488 Bathurst, R.G.C. 75, 130 Bhattacharya, S.K. 329 Bowes, D.R. 321, 394, 488 Batiza, R. 182, 607 Bhattacharyya, A. 75 Bowring, S.A. 298, 344, 532, 650 Batley, G.E. 216 Bickle, M.J. 139, 659 Boyd, F.R. 550 Battino, R. 236 Bideaux, R.A. 577 Boyd, S.R. 433 Bauer, W.H. 630 Bigeleisen, J. 357 Boyde, A. 457 Baum, E.M. 555, 599 Bigelow, R.C. 12 Boyle, E. I 02, 178, 426, 480 Baumgartner, L.P. 139 Billen, G. 431 Boyle, R.W. 16 Baur, H. 423 Bingham, F.T. 572 Bracconi, P. 627 Bavor, H.J. 41, 325 Birch, F. 155 Bracken, J.Y. 246 Bayer, G. 627 Birck, J.-L. 561 Bradley, P.M. 186 Baylis, S.A. I 00 Bird, D.K. 57, 100, 102, 256, 282, 315, Brady, J.B. 139, 468 Be, K. 305 322, 353, 493, 515, 575, 577, 618, 625, Brady, P.V. 117, 669 Bea, F. 209, 341, 490, 648 656 Bragg, W.L. 411 Beane, R.E. 333, 336 Bird, M.l. 579 Braman, R.S. 216 Beary, E. 550 Bird, R. 99, 386 Branch, J.F. 504 Beattie, P. 223, 490, 638 Bischoff, J.L. 56-7, 653 Brand, U. 130, 484, 602-3 Beaty, R.D. 622 Bish, D.L. 133 Brand, W.A. 100 Beaudoin, G. 614 Bishop, F.C. 243 Branthaver, J.F. 521 Beaumont, C. 139 Bisseret, P. 41 Brassell, S.C. 36, 40, 44, 477, 479, 537 Beaumont, E.A. 130 Bjoroy, M. 100, 444 Braswell, B.H. 431 Becker, B. 64 Blackburn, S.I. 477 Braun, J.J. 305 Beg, M.A. 178, 314 Bladh, K.W. 577 Braun, R.L. 360, 500-1 Behar, F. 497, 500 Blake, S.R. 521 Bravais, A. 409 Behrens, E.W. 504 Blakely, J.M. 404 Bray, E.E. 323 Beier, J.A. 479 Blanc, P. 570 Braziunas, T.F. 64 Belacy, N. 72 Blattner, P. 302 Brearley, A.J. 399 Bell, J.D. 421 Bleaney, B. 382 Brehler, B. 51 Bell, J.L.S. 77 Blencoe, J.G. 243 Breneman, S.L. 555, 599 Bell, L.S. 457 Bloch, J.D. 479 Brew, K. 457 Bello, C. 656 Bloss, F.D. 117 Brewer P.G. 538 Belonoshko, A.B. 243 Blowes, D.W. 353 Brimblecombe, P. 609 Belsky, T. 536 Blum, A. 404 Brimhall, G.H. 100, 291 Ben-Naim, A. 666 Blum, L. 9, 189 Bringer-Meyer 369 Bencala, K.E. 466 Blumer, M. 441 Briskin, M. 27 Bence, A.E. 378 Blundy, J.D. 638 Brock, T.D. 484 Bencini, A. 428 Bluth, G.J.S. 657 Broecker, W.S. 49, 59, 64, 67, 178, 358, Bender, J.F. 378 Bochsler, P. 433 438, 479, 480, 639, 672 Bender, M.L. 49, 81, 208, 384 Bodek, I. I 02, 353 Brook, E.J. 108 Benjamin, M.T. 247 Bodinier, J.-L. 191 Brooke, H.J. 322 Benjamin, T. 446, 621 Bodnar, R.J. 252, 336-7 Brookins, D.G. 453 Benkert, J.P. 423 Boehler, R. 162 Brooks, J. 455 INDEX OF AUTHORS CITED 687

Brooks, J.M. 504 Cameron, A.G.W. 104, 226, 437 Chorley, R.J. 145 Brooks, M.H. 186 Cameron, A.R. 95 Chou, I.M. 252 Brooks, R.R. 425 Cameron, E.M. 361 Chou, L. 282 Brown, E.T. 10 Campbell, F.A. 615 Chrisite, O.H.J. 504 Brown, G.E. 10, 82 Campbell, I.H. 387 Christ, C.L. 27, 57, 186, 282, 353, 466, 625 Brown, I.D. 117 Campbell, J.L. 489 Christensen, N.l. 150 Brown, J.M. 155 Cann, J.R. 210, 271 Christensen, U. 162 Brown, L. 13, 30 Cannon, F.W. 453 Christie, D.M. 182 Brown, L.R. 579 Cano, R.J. 457 Christie, I.A.D. 243 Brown, M.E. 627 Capon, R.J. 595 Chumakov, N.M. 531 Brown, N.E. 243 Cardoso, J.N. 36 Chung, Y. 178 Brown, T.H. 18 Carey, S. 659 Ciais, P. 67 Brown, T.L. 468, 493 Carignan, R. 353 Circone, S. 243 Browne, E. 221 Carlborg, N. 322 Cita, M.B. 44 Browne, P.R.L. 302, 336 Carlson, R.W. 550, 561 Clague, D.A. 182, 423 Brownlow, A.H. 223, 668 Carlson, W.D. 57 Claisse, F. 671 Bruckschen, P. 592 Carmichael, R.S. 382 Clapeyron, B.P.E. 83 Brueckner, H.K. 291 Carpenter, A.B. 336, 571 Clark, A.H. 336 Bruland, K. 178, 259, 634 Carpenter, S.J. 602 Clark, A.L. 517 Bryan, W.B. 182, 401 Carslaw, H.S. 139, 386 Clark, A.M. 213, 421 Bryant, B. 247 Carswell, D.A. 168 Clark, D.A. 330 Bryndzia, L.T. 337 Carten, R.B. 413 Clark, F.E. 431 Bucher, K. 555 Carter, A.F. 72 Clark, I.D. 592 Buchheim, H.P. 479 Casadevall, E. 43, 323 Clark, J.F. 358, 672 Buchholtz ten Brink, M.R. 291 Casey, W.H. 309, 598, 669 Clark, S.H.B. 29 Buchsbaum, R. 473, 484, 592 Cass, G.R. 36, 40 Clarke, F.W. 104, 279, 321 Buckley, D.E. 23 Cassa, M.R. 554 Clarke, W.B. 178, 314 Buckley, M.J. 96 Catanzaro, E.J. 555 Claypool, G.E. 444, 592 Buckman, J. 622 Cathles, L.M. 336, 386 Clayton, C.J. 100 Buesseler, K.D. 634 Cawley, S.J. 504 Clayton, D.D. 104, 437 Buffi.e, J. 99 Cawthorn, R.G. 378, 607 Clayton, R.N. 21, 72, 326, 357, 399, 434, Bullen, T.D. 48 Ceding, T.E. 72, 107, 221 473, 484 Burbridge, E.M. 104, 326, 437 Cerny, I. 308 Clegg, J.B. 457 Burbridge, G.R. 104, 326, 437 Cerny, P. 259, 426, 620 Clemett, S.J. 455 Burchfield, J.D. 321 Cesbron, F. 570 Clemmey, L. 531 Burchfield, T.E. 582 Chabaux, F. 634 Cliff, R.A. 394 Burdett, J.K. 117, 346 Chacko, T. 72 Clifton, C.G. 497 Burke, E.A.J. 413 Chadwick, O.A. 291 CLIMAP. 477 Burke, W.H. 599, 602 Chadwick, W.W., Jr. 182 Cline, J.S. 336 Burlingame, A.L. 536 Chaffee, A.L. 39 Clocchiatti, R. 378 Burnell, W.C. 253, 634 Chakraborty, S. 139, 271, 386 Cloud, P. 534, 536 Burnham, A.K. 96, 360, 500-1 Chamberlain, C.P. 139 Cloud, P.E. 531 Burnham, C.W. 252, 269 Chameides, W.L. 342 Coale, K.H. 178, 634 Burns, F.C. 337 Champ, D.R. 186 Cocherie, A. 378 Burns, G. 117 Champion, C.E. 48 Cochran, J.K. 64, 634-5 Burns, R.G. 117, 120, 223, 226, 384 Chan, L.H. 178, 369-70 Coey, J.M.D. 382 Burns, S.J. 479 Chandra, D. 90, 96 Cogley, J.G. 150 Burns, V.M. 384 Chang, S. 458 Cohen, A.D. 89 Bursten, B.E. 468 Chapelle, F.H. 186 Cohen, A.S. 634 Burt, D.M. 333, 421 Chapoulie, R. 570 Cohen, B.L. 622 Burtner, D. 64 Chappell, B.W. 209, 394, 421, 561 Cohen-Adad, R. 586 Burton, J.D. 178 Charlet, L. 82 Cohen-Tannoudji, C. 539 Burton, K.J. 259 Charlson, R.J. 145, 610 Cole, J.C. 488 Burton, W.K. 409 Chattaraj, P.K. 193 Coleman, D.D. 329 Buseck, P.R. 243, 399 Chatterjee, N. 582 Coleman, M.L. 473 Busemberg, E. 57 Chaturvedi, M.C. 79, 123 Coles, B. 337 Bustin, R.M. 92 Chaudhury, M.K. 655 Colin, F. 10 Butler, J.N. 5, 466 Chavez, F.P. 292 Colin, J.-P. 484 Butt, C.R.M. 269 Chayes, F. 210 Collier, R.B. 477 Butterfield, D.A. 308 Chemical Rubber Corporation 466 Collins, A.G. 18 Buzas, M.A. 484 Chen, J.H. 178, 634, 653 Collins, E.A. 630 Byerley, G. 182 Chen, L.C. 156 Collins, M. 457 Byrne, R.H. 213 Chen, X. 39 Collinson, M.E. 90 Chenery, S. 361-2 Collister, J.W. 41 C.B. Moore 516 Cheney, E.S. 531 Cologni, F. 517 Cabrera, N. 404, 409 Cherry, J.A. 329, 331, 668 Colson, R.O. 638 Cabri, L.J. 218, 347,485, 517, 550-1, 562, Chester, D.K. 659 Comer, J.B. 479 607 Chilingar, G.V. 130, 232, 618 Commoner, B. 433 Cabral, P. 57 Chilingarian, G.V. 110 Compston, W. 13, 312, 344, 532, 650 Cagniant, D. 261 Chipman, D.W. 394 Compton, J.S. 428 Calas, G. 10, 371, 382 Chivas, A.R. 49 Condie, K.C. 150, 223 Caldeira, K. 322 Chivers, K.M. 534 Condomines, M. 203, 653 Calvert, S.E. 461 Choppin, G. 11, 387, 424, 541 Conkright, M.E. 178 Calvin, M. 40, 536 Choquette, D. 627 Connan, J. 441, 499 688 INDEX OF AUTHORS CITED

Connolly, C. 468 Curtis, D.B. 446, 518, 621 DePaolo, D.J. 13, 168, 213, 271, 295, 378, Conte, M.H. 477 Cussler, E.L. 139 421, 525, 566 Converse, D.R. 302 Cutler, I. 630 Department of the Interior 384 Conway, E.J. 178 Cvitas, T. 236, 586 Der-Chuen Lee 13 Conybeare, C.E.B. 615 Cwienk, D. 291 Derenne, S. 43, 459 Cook, G.A. 19, 218, 314, 358, 423, 672 Cygan, R.T. 139 Dermott, S.F. 321 Cook, J.M. 361 Czamanske, G.K. 210, 337, 489, 550 Derry, L. 531, 536 Coombs, D.S. 252, 422 Czamanski, G.K. 607 Derwent, R. 431 Coplen, T.B. 72, 474, 592 Czernuszewicz, R.S. 522 Des Marais, D.J. 100, 434, 536 Cordero, B.M. 648 Desborough, G.A. 517 Corfu, F. 312, 372 Dahl, J. 33 Deschesne, 0. 441 Corliss, J. 314 Dai, K.H. 10 Detrick, R.S. 182 Cornell, W. 659 Dalrymple, G.B. 19, 21, 218, 367, 524, 561 Devillers, C. 446 Corner, E.D.S. 477 Daly, R.A. 321 DeWitt D.P. 387 Cornette, Y. 19 Dalziel, I.W.D. 531 Diamond, L.W. 337 Correns, C.W. 49, 81, 208, 321 Dalziel, M.C. 504 Dick, H.J.B. 344 Corretge, L.G. 209, 648 Dana, E.S. 411 Dickey, P.A. 444 Corrigan, J.D. 247 Daniel, M. 457 Dickin, A.P. 203, 210, 295, 367, 524, 566, Cotton, F.A. 5, 120, 218, 226, 608 Dansgaard, W. 329, 473, 592 600, 623 Cotton, F.G. 384 Darke, S.A. 361 Dickinson, K.A. 543 Cottrell, A.H. 404 Darken, L.S. 582 Dickinson, W.R. 271, 479 Course, P.A. 477 Darnley, A.G. 279 Dickson, J.A.D. 291, 473, 479 Courtillot, V.E. 659 Dasch, E.J. 567 Didyk, B.M. 44 Cousens, D.R. 337 Daubeny, C.G.B. 322 Diessel, C.F.K. 92 Couto, H. 570 Davies, B.M. 603 Dietrich, R.V. 603, 605, 608 Coveney, R.M. 462, 547, 550 Davies, C.W. 9, 126 DiMichele, W.A. 89 Cowan, G.A. 197, 446, 648 Davies, G. 155 Dimroth, E. 531 Cowart, J.B. 653 Davies, G.R. 561 Din, G.A. 615 Cowie, L.L. 330 Davies, J.H. 659 Disnar, J.R. 305 Cox, A.V. 298 Davies, M. 655 Diu, B. 539 Cox, D.P. 413 Davies, S.H.R. 384 Dixon J.E. 182 Cox, H.C. 325, 595 Davis, A. 95 Dixon, P.R. 518, 621 Cox, K.G. 421 Davis, D.D. 342 Dmitriev, L.V. 19 Cox, P.A. 437 Davis, D.W. 555 Dodson, M.H. 139 Cox, R.E. 441 Davis, J.A. 5, 572 Doe, B.R. 271, 295, 367 Craig, H. 64, 72, 107, 178, 221, 314-5, Davis, J.A., III 102 Dohmoto, Y. 544 326, 329, 337, 423, 473, 592, 657 Davis, K.E. 638 Dollimore, D. 627 Craig, J.R. 118, 243, 347, 418, 606, 608 Davis, S.N. 639 Domenico, P.A. 100, 668 Craig, L.E. 298 Dawson, J.B. 168 Donahue, D.J. 64 Cramer, J. 518, 621 Dawson, K.R. 29 Donat, J.R. 178 Cramer, J.J. 49, 150 Day, F.H. 226 Donnay, J.D.H. 409 Crank, J. 123, 139, 246, 386 De Albuquerque, C.A.R. 623 Donovan, T.J. 504 Cranston, R.E. 23, 178 De Beaumont, E. 321 Dorn, R.I. 479 Crawford, E. 321 De Laeter, J.R. 446, 621-2 Dorronsorro, C. 521 CRC 575 de Lange, D.J. 44, 477 Dostal, J. 191 Creaser, R.A. 550 de Leeuw, J.W. 43-4, 101, 323, 325, 459, Douce, A.E.P. 243 Creasey, S.C. 333 461, 595 Dougall, I.M. 423 Crerar, D.A. 100, 186, 227, 232, 255, 277, de Rosa, M. 369 Douglas, A.G. 360, 536 29~ 515, 575, 593, 598 De Soete, D. 425 Douglas, R.G. 75, 291, 484 Crisp, P.T. 261, 504 De Tavernier, S. 193 Doulgeris, A. 423 Criss, R.E. 302, 473, 488 De Vivo, B. 252 Dow, W.G. 444, 497 Crittenden, M.D., Jr. 247 DeBievre, P. 213 Dowd, J.F. 635 Crocket, J.H. 218 DeCelles, P.G. 271 Dowling, L.M. 41 Cronin, J.R. 329, 458 DeDeckker, P. 484 Doyle, C.D. 607 Cross, H. 617 Deer, W.A. 117, 411, 604 Drago, R.S. 5 Crowell, T. 433 Defay, R. 515 Drake, E.T. 321 Crowley, T.J. 484 Degens, E.T. 31 Drake, M.J. 162, 168, 266, 490, 638 Crowson, P. 418 Deines, P. 72 Dran, J.-C. 598 Crozaz, G. 399 Dekeyser, W. 409 Dreibus, G. 162 Cruikshank, D.P. 458 del Rio, J.C. 39 Drever, J.I. 18, 178, 279, 321, 331, 337, Cruikshank, K.M. 610 Delaney, J.R. 182, 191 466, 668, 669 Crum, H., 490 Delaney, M.L. 291 Dreybrodt, W. 57 Crutzen, P.J. 431 Delany, J.M. 515, 625 Driscoll, F.G. 331 Culkin, F. 259 Delbove, F. 243 Drury, S.A. 546 Cullen, W.R. 22, 216 Della Mea, G. 598 Duan, Z. 249 Cullers, R.L. 223, 378 Demaison, G.J. 499 Dubiel, R.F. 543 Cumming, G.L. 555 Demchuk, T.D. 90, 96 Duce, R.A. 48, 291 Cunningham, C.G. 247 Deming, J.W. 459 Duchscherer, W., Jr. 504 Cunningham, R. 440 Denbigh, K. 232 Duddy, I.R. 247 Curiale, J.A. 444 Deng B. 82 Duke, J.M. 517 Curran, P.F. 85 Dengate, J. 223 Dumesic, J.A. 382 Currie, T.J. 441 Denham, D.H. 110 Dunaway, P.B. 221, 518 Curtin, G.C. 310 Denison, R.E. 599, 602 Duncan, I. 139 Curtis, C. 57, 291 Dentener, F.J. 431 Duncan, R.A. 659 INDEX OF AUTHORS CITED 689

Duncan, S.S. 186 Emmons, W.H. 488 Feldmann, H. 372 Dunham, J.B. 130 Emsley, J. 48, 203 Feng, R. 341, 361 Dunn, J. 627 Engdahl, E.R. 162, 156 Ferguson, H.I.S. 361 Dunn, J.T. 139 Engel, A.E.J. 401 Fergusson, J.E. 16, 44, 216, 389 Dunn, T. 341 Engel, C.G. 401 Ferm, J.C. 90, 95-6 Dunoyer de Segonzac, C. 27 Engel, M.H. 455, 457, 497, 504, 536 Fernandez-Prini, R. 586 Dunstan, G.A. 325 Engh, R. 639 Ferrell, R.E. 428 Duplessy, J.C. 64 England, W.A. 501 Ferruzzi, G. 598 Dupre, B. 203, 367 Englert, G. 41, 369 Ferry, J.M. 394 Dupuy, C. 191 Englert, P.A.J. 547 Fershtater, G.B. 209, 648 Durand, B. 323, 415, 497, 501 Enhalt, D. 431 Fertl, W.H. 110 Durif, A. 118 Enting, I.G. 140 Fialin, M. 191 Durka, W. 433 Epstein, S. 72, 329-30, 357, 458, 473, 484, Fick, A. 139, 246, 386 Durrance, E.M. 197 592 Figgis, B.N. 120 Duval, T.A. 81 Breit, T.S. 426 Filby, R.H. 521 Dyas, L. 497 Erdmann, D.E. 186 Filippelli, G.M. 291 Dymek, R.F. 150, 479 Eriksson, G. 582, 586 Finger, L.W. 118 Dymond, J. 291, 477 Eriksson, P.G. 531 Fink, D. 10 Dzombak, D.A. 5 Erlank, A.J. 44, 312 Finkelman, R.B. 572 Ertel, J.R. 40 Firestone, R.B. 5, 29, 57, 187, 221, 245, Eadington, P.J. 337 Erwin, H.T. 630 362, 387, 434, 525 Eady, C.D. 85 Eshelby, J.D. 404 Fischer, G.W. 139 Earnshaw, A. 226, 519, 648, 675 Eskenazy, G.M. 340 Fischer, J.R. 58 Eary, L.E. 466 Eslinger, E.V. 291 Fischer, K. 29 Easterling, K.E. 404 Essene, E.J. 243, 271, 305, 608 Fischer, R.L. 607 Eastman, M.P. 603 Esser, B.K. 462, 547, 550 Fisher, J.B. 571 Eastoe, C. 81 Estep, M.F. 329 Fisher, J.R. 227, 255, 277 Eastoe, C.J. 337 Esterle, J.S. 95, 96 Fishman, M.J. 186 Easton, R.M. 534 Etheridge, D.M. 140 Fisk, M.R. 490, 638 Ebbing, D.D. 468 Etheridge, M.A. 394 Fitzgerald, J.D. 403 Ebdon, L. 23 Ethington, R.L. 130 Fitzgerald, P.G. 247 Ebihara, M. 104, 399, 446 Ettensohn, F.R. 110 Fitzgerald, W.F. 389 Echeverria, L.M. 550 Eugster, H.P. 249, 291 Fitzpatrick, J.A. 653 Eckardt, C.B. 497 Evans, A.M. 577 Flank, A.M. 10 Edmond, J.M. 30, 48, 178, 302, 314, 369, Evans, B.W. 394 Fleer, A.P. 634 426, 428, 561, 669 Evans, E.D. 323 Fleet, A.J. 455, 501 Edmonds, J. 145 Evans, H.T., Jr. 644 Fleet, M.E. 532, 607 Edwards, J.O. 5 Evans, R. 204 Fleischer, M. 321, 517 Edwards, R.L. 178, 634, 653 Evans, R.C. 118, 346 Fleischer, R.L. 247 Edwards, T.W.D. 329 Everett, D.H. 99 Fleming, R.H. 178 Eggler, D.H. 168, 490 Eversmeyer, B. 40 Flerov, G.N. 672 Eglinton, G. 36, 40, 44, 477, 497, 536-7 Ewart, A. 490 Fletcher, W.K. 269 Eglinton, S.G. 477 Ewing, M.B. 236, 586 Flohs, I. 218 Eglinton, T.I. 360 Ewing, R. 446 Florence, T.M. 216 Ehlers, K. 139-40 Byles, N. 531 Floss, C. 399 Ehmann, W.D. 354 Eyring, H. 6, 630 Flowers, G.C. 9 Ehrlich, H.L. 384 Floyd, P.A. 210 Eicher, U. 473 Faber, E. 30, 330, 416 Fofonoff, N.P. 178 Eikenberg, J. 358 Fabryka-Martin, J.T. 518, 621, 639 Fogel, M.L. 434 Eiler, J.M. 139 Fache-Dany, F. 41 Fogg, T.R. 48 Einaudi, M.T. 333 Fahey, A.J. 344 Foley, S.F. 361, 362 Eisenberg, D. 666 Fain, J. 630 Fontes, J.C. 357 Ekweozor, C.M. 40 Fairbanks, R.G. 64, 473, 653 Fookes, C.J.R. 521 Elderfield, H. 82 Fairbridge, R.W. 27, 321-2, 555, 618 Foos, A.M. 479 Elders, W.A. 337 Fairchild, I.J. 57 Force, E.R. 453 Eldredge, N. 322 Falgueres, C. 630 Ford, D.C. 57 Electric Power Research Institute 384 Falini, G. 57 Fornari, D.J. 182 Ellam, R.M. 421, 561 Farro, L. 330 Forrest, A.H. 421 Eller, P.G. 603 Farges, F. 637, 675 Forsht, D. 178 Elliott, J.E. 488 Farley, K.A. 315 Forstner U. 97, 216 Elliott, T. 550 Farquhar, R.M. 295, 524 Forsythe, L.M. 490, 638 Ellis, A.J. 252, 302 Farrington, J.W. 477, 595 Fortier, S.M. 139 Ellis, J. 261 Fassler, A. 521 Foscolos, A.E. 130 Ellison, A.J.G. 638 Faure, G. 13, 18, 25, 102, 107, 190, 214, Foster, J.G. 550 Elmore, D. 64, 81, 107, 302, 479 221, 282, 295, 312, 321, 353-4, 369, Foster, N.H. 130 Elmore, R.D. 504 421, 524, 541, 567, 577, 599-600, 603, Fountain, D.M. 150, 204, 207, 214 Elphick, S.C. 139 608, 614, 623, 634, 648 Fouque, F. 321 Elsgaard, L. 604 Faust, B.C. 10 Fourier, J.B. 139, 246, 386 Elston, D.P. 531 Feely, H.W. 178, 614 Fournier, R.O. 302 Elthon, D. 182 Feely, R.A. 178, 292, 308 Fowler, G.W. 399 Embleton, B.J.J. 531 Fegley, B., Jr. 213, 266 Fowler, M.G. 536 Emerson, S. 178 Fei, Y. 582 Fowler, P.H. 104 Emerson, S.P. 253 Feigin, A. 433 Fowler, W.A. 104, 326, 437 Emiliani, C. 24, 321, 468, 473, 484, 531 Feiner, F. 555, 599, 656 Fox, P.J. 182 690 INDEX OF AUTHORS CITED

Francis, P.W. 659 Garcm, E.R. 648 Goldstein, R.H. 479, 488 Francis, R.D. 607 Gariepy, C. 367 Goldstein, S.J. 150, 538 Francois, R. 291 Garlick, G.D. 473 Goldstein, S.L. 162, 271, 421-2, 567 Frank, F.C. 404, 409 Garner, E.L. 21, 48, 555 Golenberg, E.M. 457 Frank, W. 139 Garrels, R.M. 27, 57, 178, 186, 282,291, Goles, G.G. 534, 572 Franklin, J.M. 333, 614 353, 466, 625 Golightly, J.P. 453 Frape, S.K. 81 Garrison, R.E. 291 Gonfiantini, R. 357, 473, 592 Fraser, D.G. 306, 379 Gartner, S. 291 Goiii, M.A. 40 Fraser, P. 431 Garvie, L.A.J. 561 Gonzalez-Vila, F.J. 39 Freedman, P.A. 13 Gascoyne, M. 634, 653 Good, R.J. 655 Freeman, D.H. 521 Gasparik, T. 243 Goodfriend, G.A. 457 Freeman, K.H. 100-1, 323, 473, 477, 497 Gast, P. 182 Goodwin, S. 186 Freer, R. 139, 394 Gast, P.W. 214 Gopel, C. 162, 367 Freeze, R.A. 331, 668 Gat, J.R. 221, 330, 473 Gore, A.J.P. 490 Preiser, H. 586 Gaupp, R. 620 Gmmly, J.R. 433 Fremlin, J.H. 630 Gauthier-Lafaye, F. 446 Gorton, M.P. 218 Frenkel, J.I. 404 Gay, A.L. 531 Goslar, T. 64 Frew, N.M. 461 Gebauer, G. 433 Goswami, J.N. 344, 399 Frey, F.A. 168 Gebhart, B. 386 Goth, K. 323 Frey, M. 555 Geer, K.A. 615 Gould, S.J. 322 Freyer, H.D. 72 Gehre, M. 329 Goulter, J.E. 362 Frezzotti, M.L. 252 Geiskes, J.M. 291 Gouronnec, A.M. 518 Frick, L.R. 550 Geiss, J. 433 Goutelard, F. 518 Friedlander, G. 21, 190, 295, 354, 468 Gellman, M. 195 Govett, G.J.S. 269 Friedli, H. 72 George, A.M. 95 Govindaraju, K. 203 Friedman, G.M. 27, 75, 322 Geralty, E.P. 413 Graese, A.M. 95 Friedman, I. 72, 473 Gerlach, D.C. 561 Graf, D.L. 473 Friedman, L.C. 186 Gerlach, T.M. 657 Graf, W.L. 518 Frielingsdorf, J. 416 Germanovich, L.N. 302 Graff, J. 433 Frisia, S. 57, 142 Gersonde, R. 290 Graham, C.M. 394 Fritz, P. 474, 592 Geyh, M.A. 124, 295, 524, 623 Graham, D.W. 168 Fritz, S.J. 85 Ghiorso, A. 5, 29, 58, 187, 245, 362, 387, Gramlich, J.W. 21 Froelich, P. 290 434 Grammer, G.M. 479 Froelich, P .N. 178, 308 Ghiorso, M.S. 387, 638 Grand, S.P. 155 Frohlich, K. 653 Ghose, S. 243 Grandin, G. 615 Frost, B.R. 252 Gibb, T.C. 414 Grandstaffe, D.E. 531 Frost, C.D. 422 Gibbs, G.V. 117-8, 575 Graney, J.R. 337 Fronde, D.O. 344, 650 Gibbs, J.W. 233, 515 Grant, B. 428 Fry, B. 434 Gibson, E.K., Jr 456 Grantham, P.J. 536 Frye, K. 27 Gieskes, J. 49, 178 Grasserbauer, M. 308 Fryer, B.J. 361-2 Gieskes, J.M. 178, 370 Grauch, R.I. 462, 547, 550 Fryxell, R. 630 Giger, W. 36, 325 Graustein, W.C. 635 Fu, J. 39 Giggenbach, W.F. 302, 333, 337 Gray, A.L. 361 Fuge, R. 342 Gijbels, R. 378, 425 Gray, J. 555 Fuger, J. 9, 123, 424 Giletti, B.J. 79, 139, 473 Greegor, R.B. 291 Fuhrmann, J. 431 Gill, J. 203 Greeman, D.J. 542-3 Fukuoka, T. 399 Gill, J.B. 210, 634, 653 Green, D.H. 168, 378 Fullsack, P. 139 Gill, J.E. 607 Green, H.W. 404 Fulton, L.P. 110 Gilliland, R.L. 531 Green, J.C. 477 Fung, I.Y. 67 Gillis, K. 369 Green, P.F. 247 Fyfe, W.S. 56, 223, 279, 411, 579, 666 Gillis, K.M. 182 Green, T.H. 362, 489-90, 637, 675 Gillot, P.-Y. 19 Greenberg, J.P. 291 Gabrysh, A.F. 630 Gilmore, J.S. 517 Greenhough, J.D. 361 Gadeken, L.L. 110 Gimalt, J.O. 521 Greenland, P. 378 Gaetani, G.A. 490 Ginsburg, R.N. 479 Greenwood, M.R. 389 Gagosian, R.B. 595 Girty, G.H. 479 Greenwood, N.N. 226, 414, 519, 648, 675 Gaillardet, J. 203 Glasstone, S. 6 Gregg, H.R. 360, 500 Gale, N.H. 367 Glazer A.M. 117 Gregory, J. 99 Galer, S.J.G. 162, 399 Gleadow, A.J.W. 247 Gregory, J.M. 59 Galimov, E.M. 416 Gleason, J.D. 271 Gregory, R.T. 473 Gallagher, M.J. 29 Gliozzi, A. 369 Greiff, L.J. 357 Gallagher, P.K. 627 Godfrey, P.J. 668 Grenthe, I. 9, 186 Gallahan, W.E. 638 Godfrey-Smith, D.I. 630 Gresens, R.L. 394 Gallegos, E.J. 444 Godwin, H. 64, 490 Grevesse, N. 104, 155, 162, 203, 399, 437, Gallet, M. 213 Goff, F. 302, 337 517, 644 Galley, M.R. 357 Giiksu, H.Y. 630 Grew, E.S. 48 Galloway, J.N. 431 Gold, D.J.C. 532 Griffen, D.T. 118, 346, 604 Galway, A.K. 627 Goldberg, E.D. 178, 291 Griffin, T. 378 Gambacorta, A. 369 Goldhaber, M.B. 186, 337, 504, 614 Griffin, W.L. 337, 489-90 Gamsjager, H. 582, 586 Goldich, S.S. 291, 353, 669 Grigera, J.R. 9, 189 Ganapathy, R. 155, 517 Golding, S.D. 614 Grigor'ev, D.P. 409 Gancarz, A. 446, 621 Goldschmidt, V.M. 48, 104, 204, 214, 221, Grim, R.E. 87 Ganguly, J. 79, 139, 271 223, 266, 279, 322, 353, 447 Gromet, L.P. 150, 421, 479 Garcia-Veigas, J. 290 Goldsmith, J.R. 72, 473 Grootes, P.M. 357 INDEX OF AUTHORS CITED 691

Gross, M.G. 480 Harker, A. 394 Henley, R.W. 252, 302 Grosse, A.V. 64, 639 Harker, D. 409 Henrichs, S.M. 459, 461 Grossman, E.L. 72, 473 Harland, W.B. 298, 532 Henry, M.A. 186 Grossman, E.T. 484 Harley, S.L. 394 Herbert, H.K. 614 Grossman, L. 207 Harmeroff, S. 59 Hergt, J.M. /421 Grotzinger, J.P. 298, 531-2 Harmon, R.S. 197, 221, 249, 295, 538, 542, Hering, J.G. 18, 97, 466 Grove, T.L. 168, 401, 490 634, 653 Herman, R.C. 437 Groves, D.I. 607 Harms, R. 500 Herout, V. 36 Gruener N. 434 Harper, C.L. 155, 213 Herpin, A. 382 Grujic, D. 142 Harrigan-Ostrom, P. 457 Herring, J.R. 57 Grunsky, E.C. 534 Harris, D.P. 418 Herrington, C.R. 191 Gude, A.J., III 27 Harrison, T.M. 21, 139, 305, 524 Herschy, R.W. 322 Guerin, G. 630 Harsh, J.B. 87 Hertojen, J. 378 Guggenheim, E.A. 9, 582 Hart, M.H. 532 Herzig, P.M. 302 Guidotti, C.V. 243 Hart, S.R. 139, 155, 168, 182, 312, 314-5, Herzog, G.F. 108 Guilbert, J.M. 310, 333, 488, 577 372, 378, 550, 561, 567, 638 Hess, P.C. 637-8, 675 Guillaumont, R. 189 Hart, W.K. 561 Hesse, R. 571 Gulens, J. 186 Hartel, P.G. 431 Hesshaimer, V. 64 Gunderson, L.C.S. 543 Hartgers, W.A. 36 Hester, K. 178 Guo, L. 635 Hartley, F.R. 485, 517 Hetherington, E.A. 599, 602 Gupta, R.P. 546 Hartman. P. 409 Heumann, K.G. 49 Gurriet, P. 421 Harvey, B.G. 25, 387 Hey, R.N. 182 Gurry, R.W. 582 Harvey, G.R. 441 Heydegger, H.R. 344 Gustafson, L.B. 333 Harvey, P.K. 13 Hibberson, W. 656 Guyot, F. 226 Harvie, C. 9, 291 Hidaka, H. 446 Guzhova, A.V. 252 Hashimoto, A. 546 Hieshima, G.B. 536-7 Gy, P.M. 569 Haskin, L.A. 150, 479 Higgins, G.H. 187, 245 Hasty, R.A. 378 Higgins, M.D. 150 Haack, H. 399 Hattori, K. 550 Hightower, J.W. 360 Haack, S.K. 186 Haughton, D.R. 607 Higuchi, H. 447 Haake, B. 440 Hauke, V. 41 Higuchi, J. 638 Hack, P.J. 490, 638 Hausenbuiller, R.L. 579 Hilbert, R.E. 90 Hackley, K.C. 329 Hawkes, H.E. 269, 322 Hildemann, L.M. 36, 40 Haendel, D. 433 Hawkesworth, C.J. 421, 561, 659 Hildreth, W. 659 Haffty, J. 337 Hawley, J.E. 453 Hillgren, V.J. 266 Hagelberg, E. 457 Hawthorne, F.C. 239 Hinman, N. 291 Hager, B. 155 Hay, W.W. 291 Hirschberg, D. 634 Haggerty, B.M. 322 Hayes, J.M. 41, 72, 100-1, 323, 330, 455, Hirshman, M.C. 638 Hahn, T. 118 473, 479, 497, 521, 536-7, 572 Hirth, J.P. 404 Hajdas, I. 64 Hays, J.D. 473 Hirtzel, C.S. 99 Halbouty, M.T. 505 Hays, P.B. 669 Hites, R.A. 36 Hale, M. 44, 269 Hays, P.D. 473 Hiyagon, H. 571 Halicz, L. 308 Haywa, J.H. 517 Hoarau, J. 382 Hall, A. 428, 433, 555 Hazen, R.M. 118 Rochella, M.F. 99 Hall, C.M. 561 Head, J.W. 659 Hoefling, R. 329 Hall, G.E.M. 12 Heaney, P.J. 575 Hoefs, J. 72, 473, 532, 614 Hall, G.W.E. 534 Heath, G.R. 291 Haering, T.C. 329, 360, 434, 536 Hall, K. 100 Hebeda, E.H. 672 Hoffman, E.L. 425 Hall, P.B. 444 Hedenquist, J.W. 302, 337, 413 Hoffman, P.F. 532 Halliday, A.N. 13, 155-6, 162, 271, 561 Hedge, C.E. 372, 603 Hoffmann, M.R. 384 Hambrey, M.J. 532 Hedges, J.I. 459 Hofmann, A.W. 79, 155, 161-2, 168, 182, Hamelin, B. 64, 653 Heier, K.S. 394 203, 207, 372, 378, 386, 394, 421, 636 Hamilton, E.l. 295 Heijligers, H.J.M. 191 Hofmann, H.J. 298 Hamilton, J. 139 Rein, J.R. 291, 634 Hofmeister, A.M. 401 Hamilton, P.J. 422, 567 Heinrich, C.A. 337 Hoham, C.H. 100,497 Hammar, T.R. 634 Heinrichs, H. 44, 623 Holdaway, M.J. 243 Hammond, D.E. 291, 635, 654 Heit, M. 36 Holden, N.E. 213 Hammond, P.E. 654 Helferich, F. 342 Holdsworth, D.G. 325 Han, J. 536 Helgeson, H.C. 9, 18, 337, 515, 625 Holland, E.A. 431 Han, T.-M. 532 Heller, P.L. 479 Holland, H.D. 72, 110, 139, 249, 282, 302, Hanan, B.B. 168 Hellmann, R. 598 468, 532 Hannan, K.W. 614 Heimann, M. 64 Holland, T.J.B. 515 Hannington, M.D. 302 Hem, J.D. 102, 353, 666, 668 Holler, F.J. 588 Hanor, J. 81, 571 Hemingway, B.S. 58, 227, 255, 277 Holliger, P. 446 Hanski, E. 210 Remley, J.J. 333 Holloway, J.R. 239, 252 Hanski, E.J. 547 Hemming, N.G. 49 Holman, J.P. 386 Hanson, A.D. 479 Hemming, S. 291 Holmes, A. 367 Hanson, G.N. 49, 210, 266, 290, 378 Hemond, Ch. 653 Holser, W.T. 72, 178, 592, 610, 614 Hansteen, T.H. 182 Henderson, D. 189 Holzheid A. 162 Hansuld, J.A. 413 Henderson, P. 213, 426, 493, 567, 577, 600, Homann, K. 236, 586 Hardelauf, H. 500 637, 656, 675 Honda, M. 423 Hardie, L.A. 142, 291, 387 Hendrey, G.R. 2 Honjo, S. 291 Hare, P.E. 434 Hendry, G.L. 210 Honnorez, J. 182 Harington C.R. 659 Hendry, M.J. 653 Hood, L. 457 692 INDEX OF AUTHORS CITED

Hoogendoorn, P. 325 Imbus, S.W. 536 Jenne, E.A. 186 Hoover, D.S. 39 Incropera, F.P. 387 Jenner, G.A. 361-2 Hopgood, A.M. 394 Ingall, E.D. 516 Jennings, W. 261 Hopke, P.K. 519 Ingle, J.C. 291 Jensen, B.B. 447 Horan, M.F. 462, 547, 550 Ingram, B.L. 13, 603 Jensen, L.S. 534 Horbach S. 369 Ingri, J. 634 Jensen, W.B. 5 Hori, M. 615 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Jessberger, E.K. 218 Horibe, Y. 635 IPCC 67, 145 Jester, W.A. 542-3 Horovitz, L. 504 International Committee for Coal Jochum, K.P. 636 Horsfield, B. 497, 500 Petrology 89, 505 Joesten, R. 139, 394 Hoste, J. 425 Ireland, T.R. 344, 650 Johan, Z. 308, 340 Hostetler, J.D. 466 Irifune, T. 10, 162 Johansson, S.A.E. 489 Houghton, R.A. 67 Irving, A.J. 490, 638 Johns, R.B. 36, 39-40, 455 Houtermans, F.G. 367 Irwin, D.M. 457 Johns, T.C. 59 Hovan, S.A. 291 Irwin, H. 440 Johnsen, S.J. 473 Hover, V.C. 291 Isaacs, C.M. 291 Johnson N.M. 247 Hovis, G.L. 243 Isachsen, C.E. 298 Johnson, C.C. 342 Howard, J.M. 110 Isaksen, M.F. 604-5 Johnson, D. 479 Howarth, R.J. 269 Ishikawa, H. 522 Johnson, J. R. 150 Howarth, R.W. 431 Ishiwatari, R. 456, 461 Johnson, K.E. 337 Howell, V.J. 441 ISSC International Subcommission on Johnson, K.T.M. 344 Hower, J. 291 Stratigraphic Classification 298 Johnson, M.W. 178 Hower, J.C. 95 Itayama, K. 139 Johnsson, M.J. 291 Hower, M.E. 291 Ittekkot, V. 31 Johnston, A.D. 243, 490, 638 Howie, R.A. 117,411, 604 Ivanov 610 Johnston, J.H. 382 Hoyle, F. 104, 326, 437 Ivanova, G.F. 644 Johnston, W.H. 639 Hua, X. 399 Ivanovich, M. 197, 221, 249, 295, 538, 542, Joly, J. 322 Huang, C.P. 5 635, 653 Jonasson, I.R. 16, 182, 302 Huang, D.D. 123 Ives, K.J. 99 Jones, B. 474 Huang, H.H. 586 Ivy-Ochs, S.D. 64 Jones, B.F. 18 Huang, W.Y. 595 Iwamori, H. 378 Jones, D.C. 434 Huang, Y. 362 Jones, D.L. 291 Hubbard, N. 182 Jackson, I. 155 Jones, J.H. 223, 490 Hubbert, M.K. 666 Jackson, J. 322 Jones, S.J. 457 Hubberten, H. 290 Jackson, J.A. 218 Jones, T.A. 18 Hubert, A.E. 310 Jackson, K.J. 9 Jordan, J. 466 Hudson, J.D. 473 Jackson, M.C. 607 Jordan, W.N. 321 Huh, C.-A. 635 Jackson, M.J. 536 Jordanka, M. 118 Huheey, J.E. 193, 655 Jackson, R.E. 186 Jorgensen, B.B. 604-5 Huizinga, B.J. 33 Jackson, S.E. 361-2 Jorgensen, C.K. 266, 544 Hulbert, L.J. 462, 547, 550 Jacobsen, S.B. 150, 155, 213, 421, 531, Joron, J-L. 210 Hulston J.R. 302 536, 567 lost, W. 387 Humayun, M. 21, 473 Jaeger, J.C. 139, 386 Jouzel, J. 329, 329, 329 Rumler, E. 155, 168, 207 Jaeger, W.L. 644 Jovic, V. 623 Hunt, J.M. 30, 444, 455, 497, 505 Jaffe, H.W. 118 Jull, A.J.T. 64 Hunt, J.P. 333 Jager, E. 247, 295, 322, 524, 526, 561 Jumeau, E.J. 100 Hunt, L.B. 485 Jagoutz, E. 156, 162 Jungreis, E. 12 Hunt, T. 322 Jahnke, L.L. 41, 101 Jiintgen, H. 500 Hunter, R.J. 630 Jahnke, R.A. 253 Juraske, S. 49 Huntley, D.J. 630 Jakobsen, R. 186 Juteau, M. 367 Hunziker, J.C. 247, 295, 524 Jaluria, Y. 386 Hurford, A.J. 247, 322 Jambon, A. 409 Kaczynski, S.E. 82 Hurlbut, C.S., Jr. 411,468, 516 Jambor, J.L. 353 Kadko, D.C. 635 Hurter, S.J. 150 James, A.T. 360 Kadouri, A. 323 Hussain, N. 635 James, D.E. 473 Kagi, H. 544 Hutcheon, I. 571 James, H.L. 298, 532 Kagi, R.I. 323, 441 Hutcheon, I.D. 399 Janecek, T.R. 292 Kahle, A.B. 546 Hutchison, C.S. 644 Janeczek, J. 446 Kaiser, C.J. 615 Hutchison, R. 399 Jannasch, H.W. 605 Kakihana, H. 48 Hutton, A.C. 261 Jannik, N.O. 479 Kalil, E.K. 434 Huxtable, J. 630 Jansen, S.L. 292, 535 Kalkowsky, F. 27 Huyck, H.L.O. 263 Jansyn, J. 536 Kallay, N. 236 Hvoslef, S. 504 Janzow, E.F. 58 Kallel, N. 64 Hwang, R.J. 522 Jarvis, K.E. 13, 362 Kallemeyn, G.W. 156, 204, 399 Jasper, J.P. 100, 455 Kamilli, R.J. 413, 488 IAEA. 221 Jaun, B. 521 Kanzaki, T. 48 Idiz, E. 416 Jaupart, C. 387 Kaplan, I.R. 18, 72, 178, 186, 282, 329-30, Iimura, Y. 399 Jaworski, J. 363 360, 434, 441, 536, 592, 614-5 Ikeya, M. 382 Jeffery, P.G. 15 Karasev, V.K. 518 Ildefonse, P. 10 Jeffrey, S.W. 521 Karhu, J. 484 Iler, R.A. 575 Jena, A.K. 79, 123 Karhu, J.A. 72 Iltekkot, V. 279 Jenkins, R.J.F. 536 Kasting, J.F. 67, 532, 669 Ilton, E.S. 82, 249 Jenkins, W.J. 314-5 Kastner, M. 27, 141, 291, 292 Imbrie, J. 473 Jenkyns, H.C. 291 Katchalsky, A. 85 INDEX OF AUTHORS CITED 693

Kato, T. 162, 656 Kirshenbaum, A.D. 64 Kromer, B. 64 Katoh, M. 140 Kirsten, T. 218 Kronberg, B.I. 579 Katz, A. 142 Kistler, R. 271 Kroopnick, P.M. 72 Katz, J.J. II, 123, 424 Kita, I. 357 Krooss, B.M. 416 Katz, M.B. 394 Kitchen, N.E. 72 Krouse, H.R. 571, 605, 614-5 Kaufman, A.J. 72, 532, 536 Kittel, C. 382, 404, 655 Ku, T. 484 Kaufman, J. 531 Kiyosu, Y. 605 Ku, T.-L. 538, 635, 654 Kaufmann, R.S. 81 K.lapheke, J. 95 Kubaschewski, 0. 582 Kauranne, K. 269 K.lashnikova, V. 672 Kubik, P.W. 81 Kauzmann, W. 666 Klass, D.L. 329 Kuchitsu, K. 236, 586 Kawakami, 0. 544 K.leemann, G. 41, 369 Kuhn, G. 290 Kawata, Y. 213 Klein, C. 411, 468, 532, 537 Kulikov, G.S. 404 Kawka, O.E. 497 Klein, D.P. 413 Kulp, J.L. 614 Kay, R. 182 Klein, E.M. 378, 401 Kumura, T. 357 Keays, R.R. 292, 607 Klein, J. 10, 30 Kung, C.-C. 434 Keeling, C.D. 67, 72 Klein, R. 13 Kunz, J. 672 Keely, B.J. 521 Kleinfelter, D.C. 226 Kuo, L.C. 409 Keenan, C.W. 226 Klomp, U.C. 536 Kuo, P.H. 532 Keene, J.B. 291 Klose, K.B. 546 Kuroda P.K. 621 Kehiaian, H.V. 666 K.lug, H.P. 110 Kurz, M.D. 108, 314-5 Keigwin, L.D. 477 Klusman, R.W. 269, 504 Kusakabe, M. 615 Keller, G. 64 Knaack, C. 479 Kutina, J. 488 Kelley, W.C. 608 Knapen, M.H.J. 457 Kutzbach, J.E. 666 Kellogg, L.H. 315 Knauth, L.P. 575 Kvenvolden, K.A. 30, 322, 536 Kelly, W.C. 337 Knight, R.J. 368 Kyser, T.K. 72, 615 Kelts, K. 455 Knoll, A.H. 72, 298, 531-2, 536 Kyte, F.T. 291 Kempe, S. 279 Knox, H.D. 555, 599 Kempton, P.D. 168, 561 Kober, B. 650 Laaksuharju, M. 186 Kennedy, A.K. 399 Koch, J. 90 Labeyrie, L. 64 Kennedy, B.M. 571 Kocher, D.C. 342 Labiosa, W. 10 Kennedy, J.W. 21, 190, 295, 354, 468, 518 Koepnick, R.B. 599, 602 Lachance, G. 671 Kennicutt, M.C. 504 Kohl, C.P. 10 LaFlamme, R.E. 36 Kent, D.B. 5, 572 Kohl, D.H. 433 Lagarde, P. 10 Kenyon, K. 178 Kohler, F. 582 Laidler, K. 6 Kepferle, R.C. 110 Kohn, S.C. 638 Laidler, K.J. 277, 593 Keppens, E. 142 Kojovic, T. 95 Lakin, H.W. 310 Keppie, J.D. 271 Kolodny, Y. 49, 308 La!, D. 64, 108, 516, 634, 639 Keppler, H. 648 Kolosov, P. 298 Lally, A.E. 635 Kerans, C. 479 Konhauser, K.O. 579 Laloe, F. 539 Kerr, P.A. 668 Konigsberger, E. 582, 586 Lalonde, A.E. 414 Kerr, R.C. 123, 387 Konings, R.J.M. 9 Lamarque, J.-F. 431 Kerrich, R. 404 Kononkova, N.N. 252 Lambert, D. 550 Kerridge, J.F. 72, 399, 433, 458 Kononov, V.I. 314 Lambert, G. 653 Kesler, S.E. 337 Kontorovich, A.Eh 33 Lambert, I.B. 536 Ketchum, B.H. 178 Koopman, M. 72 Land, L.S. 292 Kettler, R.M. 77 Kopaska-Merkel, D.C. 27, 322 Landsberg, H.H. 67 Khabarin, L. 314 Kornacki, A.S. 213 Landwehr, J.M. 474, 592 Khalafalla, S.E. 384 Korotev, R.L. 150, 479 Langer, K. 226 Khalil, M.A.K. 145 Korth, J. 261 Langer, S. 178 Kharaka, Y.K. 18, 85, 326, 571 Koruga, D. 59 Langmuir, C.H. 30, 49, 204, 266, 378, 401, Khorami, J. 627 Kossovskaya, A.G. 232 490 Kieber R. 82 Kostov, I. 409 Langmuir, D. 186, 193, 353, 466 Kieffer, S.W. 118 Kostov, I.D. 118 Langway, C.C. 64, 72, 473 Kielinczuk, S. 372 Kostoyanov, A.I. 525 Lanphere, M.A. 19, 21, 218, 524 Kielland, J. 555 Kotaka, M. 48 Lapp, R.E. 226 Kigoshi, K. 635 Kouvo, 0. 372 Larabee, A.J. 372 Kilinc, LA. 252 Kovalenko, V.I. 252 Larcher, A.V. 323 Killops, S.D. 455 Kowski, P. 329 Largeau, C. 43, 323, 459, 461 Killops, V.J. 455 Kra, R.S. 295 Larimer, J.W. 162, 207, 266 Kim, J.I. 123 Kraemer, T. 291 Larocque, A.C.L. 337 Kimball, B.A. 466 Kramers, J.D. 368 Larsen, G. 130, 232, 618 Kimberley, M.M. 531-2 Krane, J. 522 Larsen, J.W. 521 Kimmerle, F.M. 627 Kraus, M.J. 479 Larsh, A.E. 5, 362 Kimura, M. 399 Krauskopf, K.B. 57, 100, 102, 226, 256, Larson, E.M. 603 King, R.U. 413 28~ 315, 32~ 353, 413, 493, 575, 57~ Lasaga, A.C. 6, 67, 79, 112, 123, 139, 178, Kinney, P.D. 650 615, 618, 644, 656 282, 404, 615 Kinny, P.D. 312, 344 Krebs, H. 118 Lash, T.D. 522 Kinzler, R.J. 168, 401 Kreider, C.W. 434 Last, W.M. 75 Kipatski, H. 11, 123, 424 Kress, V.C. 387 Latham, A.G. 635, 653 Kirkham, D.H. 9 Kressmann, S. 500 Latimer, R.M. 5, 362 Kirkpatrick, R.J. 10, 79, 118, 123, 282, Kretz, R. 394 Laubier, J. 619 382, 409 Krishnamurthy, R.V. 329, 458, 484 Lauer, J.C. 261 Kirouac, G.J. 226 Krishnaswami, S. 550, 634-5 Laverne, C. 182 Kirschenbaum, I. 433 Kroger, F.A. 404 Lawerence, J.W. 221 694 INDEX OF AUTHORS CITED

Layne, G.D. 399 Linn, A.M. 421 Machado, N. 341, 361 Laznicka, P. 535 Linn, T.A. 340 Machavaram, M. 329 Le Cloarec, M.F. 653 Lipin, B.R. -2-13 Machel, H.G. 571, 605 le Roex, A.P. 168, 182, 401 Lipps, J.H. 484 Machihara, T. 497 Le Roulley, J.C. 653 Lipschutz, M.E. 162 Machowsky, M.-T. 90, 96 Leake, B.E. 394 Lipton, P.A. 595 Macias, E.S. 21, 190, 295, 354 Leckie, J.O. 102 Lirer, L. 252 Macisaac, C. 156 Leclerc, A.J. 64 Lisitzin, A.P. 291 Mackay, D. 256 Lecomte, A. 314, 423 Liss, P.S. 178, 291 MacKenzie R.C. 133 Lederer, C.M. 11, 64, 123, 424, 519 Lister, G.S. 139 Mackenzie, A.S. 36, 40 Ledger, E.B. 109-10 Littke, R. 39, 416 Mackenzie, F.T. 18, 57, 72-3, 75, 130, 291, Lee, C. 459, 461 Liu, C. 329 516, 603, 614 Lee, C.Y. 33 Liu, X.Y. 123 MacKevett, E.M., Jr. 413 Lee, D.-C. 155-6, 162 Livingston, H.D. 634 Macko, S.A. 434, 455, 457, 497, 536 Lee, J.H. 213 Llewellyn, T.O. 51 MacLean, P. 532 - Lee, T. 516 Lloyd, R.M. 357 Maclean, W.H. 607 Leeman, W.P. 30, 48, 638 Loathe, J. 404 MacRae, N.D. 607 Lees, A. 75 Lofgren, G. 409 Madon, M. 226 Lehmann, B. 636 Logan, G.A. 536 Madureira, L.A.S. 477 Lehmann, B.E. 639 Lohmann, K.C. 473, 602 Maechling, C.R. 455 Leif, R.N. 39, 41 Long, A. 295, 329 Maehr, S.A. 644 Leinen, M. 291, 292 Long, D.T. 44 Magaritz, M. 473 Lelong, F. 615 Long, L.E. 561 Magonthier, M.-C. 598 LeMay, H.E., Jr. 468, 493 Longerich, H.P. 361-2 Magoon, L.B. 444, 497 Lentz, D.R. 333 Longinelli, A. 57 Magot, M. 499 Leonard, B.F. 517 Lonsdale, P.F. 498 Mahajan, R.L. 386 Lepp, H. 353 Loomis, T.P. 139 Mahon W.A.J. 302 Lerman, A. 516 Loosli, H. 64 Mahood, G.A. 252, 561 Lesher, C.E. 123, 139, 387 Lorens, R.B. 603 Maiman, T.H. 362 Leslie, B.W. 635, 653 Lorimer, J.W. 586 Majoube, M. 357 Letowski, F. 186 Lorius, C. 329 Malahoff, A. 19, 423 Leuenberg, M. 72 Loss, R.D. 446, 621 Malavergne, V. 226 Leutwein, F. 622 Liitscher, H. 72 Malinin, S.D. 110 Leventhal, J. 536 Louda, J.W. 497 Maliva, R.G. 479 Leventhal, J.S. 446 Loughnan, F.C. 669 Malkovich, R.S. 404 Levin, I. 64 Loutfy, R. 59 Malmqvist, K.G. 489 Levine, C.A. 518 Love, S.G. 399 Malpas, J. 182 Levine, M.M. 404 Loveland, W.D. 5, 29, 58, 187, 245, 362, Mamyrin, B.A. 314 Levinson, A.A. 269, 428, 577 387, 434 Manahan, S.E. 249 Levitus, S. 178 Loveley, D.R. 82 Manceau A. 82 Levy, H., II 431 Lovelock, J.E. 322, 532 Mancktelow, N.S. 247 Levy, M. 321 Lovering, J.F. 247 Mando, P.A. 598 Lewan, M.D. 360, 521 Lovley, D.R. 186 Manganini, S.J. 291 Lewey, S. 544 Lovseth, K. 221 Manghnani, M.H. 239 Lewin, E. 367 Lowell, R.P. 302, 387 Mango, F.D. 360 Lewis, B.L. 178 Lowenstam, H.A. 411, 457, 473, 484, 592, Manhes, G. 162, 367 Lewis, C.J. 291 603 Mann, A.W. 310 Lewis, G.L. 277, 593 Lowenstein, J.M. 457 Manning, D.A.C. 455 Lewis, J.S. 468 Lowenstern, J.B. 252, 337, 413 Manning, J.C. 331 Leythaeuser, D. 501 Luce, R.W. 333 Manning, J.R. 394 Li, J. 156, 162 Luck, J. 308 Manowitz, B. 610 Li, Y.-H. 291 Ludden, J. 341, 361 Mantyla, A. 178 Liaaen-Jensen, S. 369 Ludington, S. 413 Manuel, O.K. 622 Libby, L.M. 639 Lugmair, G.W. 156, 399, 567 Mao, H.K. 156, 371 Libby, W.F. 13, 64, 322, 639 Luhr, J.F. 607 Marcantonio, F. 550 Lichtfouse, E. 41 Lundegard, P.D. 571 Marchant, T. 607 Lichtner, P.C. 249 Lunn, F. 322 Marfunin, A.S. 371 Lide, D.R. 203, 221, 555, 599, 644, 666 Luo, S. 635, 653 Marinenko, G. 48 Lidiard, A.B. 404 Luption, J.F. 308 Marinenko, J.W. 333 Liew, T.C. 421 Lupton, J.E. 178, 302, 314-5, 423 Markey, R.J. 550 Light, T.S. 186 Luther, G. 384 Markovics, G. 204, 292 Lightfoot, E.N. 99, 386 Lydon, J.W. 333, 614 Markowicz, A.A. 671 Lightfoot, P.C. 569 Lyklema, J. 99 Marlowe, I.T. 477 Lightfoot, P.J. 218 Lyle, M. 290, 477 Marowsky, G. 623 Liljenzin, J.O. 541 Lytle, F.W. 291, 603 Marozas, D.C. 384 Lilley, T.H. 236, 586 Marshall, B.D. 525 Lima, A. 252 Ma, X.P. 336 Martel, A.E. 57 Lindberg, R. 186, 466 Maaloe, S. 168 Marti, K. 567 Lindgren, W. 338 Maas, R. 550 Martin, B.A. 504 Lindner, P. 630 Macalady, D.L. 186 Martin, F. 39 Lindsley, D.H. 243, 306 MacArthur, J.D. 336 Martin, J-M. 178 Lindstrom, D.J. 638 MacDiarmid, R.A. 322, 353, 479, 619 Martinez, L. 305 Lindstrom, M.M. 399 Macdougall, J.D. 203, 659 Marttick, J.L. 81 Lingenfelter, R.E. 64 MacFadyen, W.A. 27 Maruyama, Y. 58 INDEX OF AUTHORS CITED 695

Marvin, R.F. 247 McKeegan, K.D. 344 Michaelis, W. 41, 279 Maske, S. 607 McKelvey, V.E. 418 Michaels, A. 431 Mason, B. 25, 204, 207, 214, 279, 322, 413, McKenzie, D. 139 Michalopoulos, P. 291 516, 577, 603, 605, 608 McKenzie, D.P. 635 Michard, A. 421 Mason, G.M. 521 McKenzie, J. 473 Michel, H.V. 13, 517 Mason, G.W. 544 McKenzie, J.A. 142 Middleton, I. 13 Mason, R.P. 389 McKeown, D.A. 10 Middleton, R. 10, 30 Massoth, G.J. 178, 308 McKibben, M.A. 337 Miller, A.l. 357 Masters, C.D. 505 McKie, C. 670 Miller, D.M. 271 Masters, G. 156 McKie, D. 670 Miller, J.M. 21, 190, 295, 354, 468 Masuda, A. 213, 544 McKinney, C.R. 473 Miller, K.G. 473 Masuhisa, Y. 615 McKirdy, D.M. 441, 536 Millero, F.J. 18, 57, 178 Matheney, R.K. 575 McKnight, D.M. 466 Milliman, J.D. 75, 291 Mathews, M.S. 59 McLaren, A.C. 404 Mills, I. 236, 586 Mathez, E.A. 191, 218, 607 McLarnen, T.M. 117 Mills, N. 500 Matsubaya, 0. 357 McLennan, S.M. 150, 162, 168, 182, 204, Milton, X.X. 27 Matsuhisa, Y. 473 213-4, 223, 226, 271, 291-2, 353, 422, Minamino. Y. 140 Matsui, Y. 447 534, 544, 556, 599 Minster, J.-F. 561 Matter, A. 479 McManus, A. 479 Miskelly, N. 418 Matthes, A.D. 340 McManus, J. 291 Mitchell, J.F.B. 59 Matthews, A. 142 McMillan, E.M. 518 Mitchum, R.M. 322 Matthews, D.E. 100 McMillan, P.F. 401 Mitterer, R.M. 457 Matthews, E. 431 McNaughton, N.J. 636 Mittlefehldt, D.W. 399 Matthews, R.E. 378 McNutt, R. 81 Mix, A.C. 455 Mattielli, N. 378 McQueen, R.G. 155 Miyashiro, A. 555 Mattson, M.D. 668 McSween, H.Y., Jr. 100, 204, 399 Moe, R.P. 444 Matzat, K. 82 McSwiggen, P.L. 582 Mohn, M. 357 Mavrogenes, J.A. 337 Meadows, D.H. 418 Moldowan, J.M. 33, 39, 444, 456, 497, Maxwell, J.R. 36, 40, 325, 477, 521-2, 595 Meadows, D.L. 418 499, 52~ 537, 595, 521 Mayeda, T.K. 72, 326, 357, 399, 473, 484 Meakin, P. 99 Moller, J. 473 Mayer, L.M. 459 Means, D. 178 Moller, N. 9, 249 Maynard, J.B. 72, 232, 291, 422, 521, 532, Means, J.L. 77 Moller, P. 308, 426, 620 610, 614-5 Measures, C. 178 Monaghan, M.C. 30 Mazo, R.M. 189 Measures, C.l. 30, 178, 428 Monaghan, P.H. 441 Mazurek, M.A. 36, 40 Meents, W.F. 473 Montassier, N. 518 Mazurs, E.D. 493 Megaw, H.D. 118 Montez, B. 10 Mazzullo, S.J. 322 Meguro, K. 347, 551, 562 Montoya, J.P. 434 McBeath, M.M. 309 Meier, A.L. 369 Montoya, J.W. 333 McCaffrey, M.A. 595 Meike, A. 404 Montret, M. 630 McCallister, R.H. 139 Meinert, L.D. 333 Moody, B. 204 McCallum, I.S. 218 Meinschein, W.G. 536, 595 Mook, W.G. 64, 72, 357 McCandless, T. 13, 550 Meintzer, R. 620 Mooney, W. 150 McCarthy, J.H., Jr. 12 Meisel, T. 162, 550 Moor, E. 64 McCarthy, T.S. 378 Meitzner, R.E. 259 Moorbath, S. 367 McCollum, R. 504 Melchior, D.C. 249 Moore, C.B. 25, 214 McConnell, J.D.C. 118 Melchior, J. 409 Moore, D. 18, 186, 282 McCormick, A. 586 Melson, W.G. 49, 182 Moore, D.M. 110 McCormick, M. 586 Mendez, J.H. 648 Moore, J.G. 434, 607 McCormick, M.P. 659 Mentall, J.E. 361 Moore, S. 418 McCormick, S. 586 Merian, E. 97 Moore, T.A. 90, 95-6 McCoy, T.J. 399 Merin, I.S. 504 Moore, W.S. 178, 634-5 McCready, R.G.L. 615 Merks, J.M. 569 Moores, E.M. 532, 618 McCulloch, M.T. 49, 150, 291-2, 421-2, Merlet, C. 191 Moran, A.E. 48 525, 561, 567, 656 Merlivat, L. 329 Morefield, G. 586 McCulloh, T.H. 247, 305 Mermin, D.N. 382 Morel, F.M.M. 5, 18, 97, 389, 466 McDermott, F. 421 Mernagh, T.P. 337 Morgan, J.J. 18, 57, 67, 79, 97, 279, 384, McDonald, A.M. 414 Merrihue, C.M. 19 438, 466, 468 McDonald, D. 485 Merrill, J. T. 291 Morgan, J.W. 162, 219, 462, 547, 550 McDonough, W.F. 156, 162, 168, 182, 203, Merrill, P.W. 437 Morita, M. 362 207, 214, 369, 401 Merriman, R.J. 203 Morlock, A. 308 McDougall, I. 21, 139, 524 Merritt, D.A. 100-1, 473 Morris, J.D. 30, 204 McDuff, R.E. 178, 610 Mertie, J.B., Jr. 485 Morris, R.C. 292, 453 McElhinny, M.W. 382 Mertz, W. 579 Morrison, J.O. 602-3 McElroy, M.B. 434 Mesmer, R.E. 9, 102, 353, 538, 644 Morrison, M.A. 210 McFarlane, E.A. 168 Metz, S. 178 Morrow, D.W. 130 McGee, J.J. 191 Metzger, K. 271 Morse, J.W. 18, 56-7, 72-3, 75, 130, 291, McGee, K.A. 657 Metzger, P. 323 603 McGillivary, P.A. 441 Meybeck, M. 178 Morse, S.A. 515 McGlashan, M.L. 232-3, 236, 582, 586 Meyer, B. 608 Morteani, G. 426, 620 Mcllreath, I.A. 130 Meyer, C. 333 Morton, J.P. 561 Mcintire, W.L. 490 Meyer, J.-P. 104 Morup, S. 382 McKay, D.S. 456 Meyer, T. 440 Moses, A.J. 226 McKay, G.A. 213, 567, 638 Meyers, P.A. 456, 461 Mossman, D.J. 446 McKee, R. 433 Miallier, D. 630 Mottl, M.J. 292 696 INDEX OF AUTHORS CITED

Motuza, G. 550 Newton, J. 635 Ortega-Gutierrez, F. 271 Mou, C.Y. 189 Nicholls, R.W. 361 Orth, C.J. 517 Mountain, G.S. 473 Nichols, M.C. 577 Osanik, A. 441 Mrose, M.E. 572 Nicholson, K. 302 Osmond, J.K. 635, 653 Muehlenbachs, K. 182, 468, 473 Nickel, K.G. 162, 168 Ostlund, H.G. 64 Muehlhausen, L.A. 477 Nicolaysen, L.O. 602 Ostrom, N.E. 434 Muhle, K. 433 Niebor, E. 82 Ostrom, P.H. 434, 457 Mukhopadhayay, B. 243 Nielsen, H. 532 Ott, U. 72 Mullen, G. 532 Nielsen, P. 142 Otto, J.B. 599 Miiller, B. 416 Nielsen, R.L. 490, 638 Otton, J.K. 543 Mulliken, R.S. 193 Niemiec, J. 186 Oudin, E. 308 Muncill, G.E. 139 Nier, A.O. 13, 19, 262, 329, 434, 473 Ourisson, G. 41, 369 Munk, W.H. 387 Nightingale, E.R., Jr 186 Owen, D.E. 543 Munoz, J.L. 9, 83, 126, 186, 189, 227, 232, Nigrini, A. 18 Oxburgh, E.R. 315 255, 277, 593 Nilsson, A.C. 186 Oxtoby, N.H. 479 Murad, E. 382 Nishiizumi, K. 10, 64 Ozawa, T. 48 Muramatsu, Y. 648 Nitzsche, H.-M. 433 Ozima, M. 315, 672 Murowchick, J.B. 462, 547, 550 Nixon, P.H. 550 Murphy, G.M. 639 Noble, S.R. 312, 372 Paabo, S. 457 Murphy, T.J. 21, 555 Nockolds, S.R. 13, 271 Pabalan, R.T. 586 Murray, A.P. 325 Noll, P.D., Jr 644 Paccagnella, A. 598 Murray, J.W. 635 Nomura, M. 48 Paces, T. 2 Murray, R.W. 291-2 Nord, G.L. 243 Pagano, T.C. 322 Murrell, M.T. 223, 538 Nordeng, S.H. 142 Page, A.L. 572 Muyzer, G. 457 Nordstrom, D.K. 9, 83, 102, 126, 186, 189, Page, N.J. 517 Mycke, B. 41 227, 232, 255, 277, 353, 593 Pagel, B.E.J. 104 Myer, P.S. 182 Norry, M.J. 210, 421 Pagel, M. 305 Mysen, B.O. 637, 638 North, G.R. 484 Pahlman, J.E. 384 Nozaki, Y. 64, 178, 635 Pallister, J.S. 182 Nabarro, F.R.N. 404 NRC. 441 Palme, H. 156, 162, 168, 221, 399 Nabelek, P.I. 394 Nriagu, J.O. 23, 51, 82, 353, 363 Palmer, A.R. 298 NACSN North American Commission on Nussbaum, E. 517 Palmer, D.A. 77 Stratigraphic Nomenclature 298 Nyblade, A.A. 150 Palmer, G.R. 336 Nadelhoffer, K.J. 434 Nydal, R. 221 Palmer, M.R. 48, 178, 561 Naeser, C.W. 247 Nye, J.F. 404 Pankhurst, R.J. 421 Naeser, N.D. 247, 305 Nyquist, L.E. 526 Pankow, J.F. 18 Nagasawa, H. 447, 638 Papanastassiou, D.A. 550, 634 Nagy, B. 446 O'Brien, G. 95 Papike, J.J. 399 Nagy, L.A. 269 O'Donoghue, M. 608 Paquette, J. 409 Najjar, R.G. 178 O'Hara, M.J. 378 Parduhn, N.L. 12 Naldrett, A.J. 218, 347,453, 517, 551, 562, O'Leary, T. 442 Park, C.F. 310, 322, 333, 353, 479, 488, 577, 607 O'Neil, J.R. 72, 305, 326, 357, 473, 479 577, 619 Nance, R.D. 532 O'Neill, H.St.C. 156, 162, 221 Park, R. 72 Nancollas, G.H. 586 O'Nions, R.K. 161, 315, 422, 567, 634 Park, R.G. 394 Natjes, F. 41 O'Reilly, W. 382 Parker, R.L. 517, 577 Nas, C. 90 Oates, W.A. 582 Parkhurst, D.L. 669 National Academy of Sciences Food and Ocampo, R. 522 Parks, G.A. 82, 575 Nutrition Review Board 572 Oelkers, E.H. 139, 249 Parnell, R.A., Jr. 353 Natland, J.H. 182, 315 Oeschger, H. 64, 72 Parrington, J.R. 555, 599, 656 Naudet, R. 446 Ohmoto, H. 269, 446, 615 Parsons, R. 466 Naumov, V.B. 252 Ohnenstetter, D. 570 Parthe, E. 517 Navale, V. 536 Ohnesorge, F.K. 675 Pasquill, F. 140 Navon, 0. 168 Ohtani, E. 162 Patchett, P.J. 213, 271, 312, 372, 567 Navrotsky, A. 58, 118, 243 Ojha, T.P. 271 Paterson, B.A. 421 Nazaroff, W.W. 543 Okamoto, M. 48 Paterson, M.S. 404 Nee!, L. 382 Okuchi, T. 468 Paterson, S. 256 Neill, G.P. 325 Okulitch, A.V. 298 Patterson, C. 368 Nelen, J. 182 Olausson, E. 44 Patterson, C.G. 466 Nelson, C.S. 75 Oliver, G.J. 671 Patterson, D.B. 423 Nelson, D.R. 525 Oliver, J.E. 322 Pattrick, R.A.D. 118 Nelson, H.F. 602 Olofsson, G.M. 236, 586 Paul, E.A. 431 Nelson, J.B. 602 Olofsson, U. 11, 123, 424 Pauling, L. 118, 193, 197, 226, 346 Nelson, N.F. 599 Olsen, E.J. 399 Paulsen, P.J. 21 Nero, A.V. 543 Olson, R.J. 178 Paulsen, R.T. 543 Nesbitt, H.W. 150, 204, 292, 515, 532, 625 Onishi, H. 16 Paulson, S.E. 384 Nesbitt, R.W. 210 Onsager, L. 140, 387 Pawellek, F. 592 Neunlist, S. 41 Ontario Geological Survey 298 Paytan, A. 292 Nevison, C. 431 Onuma, N. 326, 447, 638 Peach, C.L. 607 Newberger, F. 638 Oonk, H.A.J. 586 Peacock, S.M. 306 Newberry, R.J. 333 Opdyke, N.D. 473, 484 Peacor, D.R. 291, 305 Newly, C.W.A. 404 Oremland, R.S. 572 Peakman, T.M. 40, 595 Newman, J. 96 Orians, K.J. 259 Pearce, F. 579 Newman, N.A. 96 Orme, G.R. 618 Pearce, J.A. 210, 271 Newsom, H.E. 468, 485, 644 Orr, W.L. 456, 605, 610 Pearson, D.G. 550 INDEX OF AUTHORS CITED 697

Pearson, F.J. 302 Pisciotto, K. 291-2 Querol, X. 362 Pearson, R.G. 5, 100, 193 Pisias, N.G. 291 Quick, J.C. 90 Pebbles, P.J. 437 Pitard, F.F. 569 Quirke, J.M. 522 Pedersen, K. 411 Pitcher, W.S. 394 Qunitana, L.R. 517 Pedersen, T.F. 461 Pitt, G.J. 500 Pegram, W.J. 550 Pitzer, K.S. 9, 126, 189, 586 Rabus, R. 499 Peiseler, B. 41 Pizzarello, S. 329, 458 Radke, M. 325, 497, 501 Pelechaty, S.M. 298 Plank, T. 378, 401 Radler de Aquino Neto, F. 41 Pelet, R. 305, 500 Plant, J. 269 Rafalska-Bloch, J. 440 Pel!, S.D. 536 Plant, J.A. 534 Ragettli, R.A. 672 Pelphrey, S.R. 329 Plaskett, J.S. 404 Ragnarsdottir, K.V. 48 Pelton, A.D. 582 Playford, P.E. 479 Raisbeck, G.M. 10 Peltonen, P. 497 Plumb, K.A. 298, 532 Rajagopalan R. 99 Peng, T.-H. 64, 67, 178, 438, 480, 639 Plumlee, G. 263, 337 Ramakrishnan, S. 378 Penzias, A.A. 104, 437 Plummer, L.N. 57, 669 Ramaty, R. 64 Peppard, D.F. 544 Plyusnin, G.S. 369 Ramberg, H. 394 Percival, J. 534 Podgurskaya, A.V. 672 Ramboz, C. 337 Perdok, W.G. 409 Podosek, F.A. 315 Ramdohr, P. 488 Pereira, M.D. 209, 341, 490, 648 Poeppel, R.B. 404 Ramesh, R. 635 Perel'man, A.I. 232, 615 Poinar, G.O. 457 Rampino, M.R. 322 Perez-Pavon, J.L. 648 Poinar, H.N. 457 Ramsay, J.D.F. 630 Perfit, M.R. 182 Poinsot, J. 41 Ramsey, M.H. 337 Perkins, R.W. 221, 518 Poirier, J.-P. 140, 155-6, 162, 207, 226, Rancourt, D.G. 243, 414 Pernicka, E. 462, 547 404 Randall, M. 277, 593 Perry, E.A. 178, 291 Poitrasson, F. 362 Randers, J. 418 Perry, E.C. 473 Polach, H.A. 64 Rankama, K. 279, 322, 532 Perry, G.J. 41 Polak, B.G. 314 Rankin, A.H. 337 Perry, H. 67 Poli, G. 428 Rankin, J.G. 522 Pescatore, T. 659 Pollack, H.N. 150 Ratledge, C. 369 Peter, J.M. 497 Pollack, J.B. 59, 532 Ratte, J.C. 488 Peterman, Z.E. 271, 599, 603 Pollard, P.J. 426, 620 Ratzsch, M.T. 236, 586 Peters, B. 64, I 08, 639 Pollock, G.E. 536 Raud, H. 36 Peters, C. 48 Poole, F.G. 29 Raup, D.M. 322 Peters, K.E. 33, 39, 329, 434, 444, 456, Popp, B.N. 100, 473, 497, 521 Ravizza, G.E. 291, 550 497, 499, 537, 554 Poralla, K. 41, 369 Raymo, M.E. 532 Petersen, S. 302 Poreda, R. 315, 337, 657 Raymond, R. 89 Peterson, E. 536 Porter, D.A. 404 Raynaud, D. 67 Peterson, M.L. 82, 186 Posokhov, V.F. 369 Rea, D.K. 291-2 Petit, J.-C. 598 Postma, D. 186 Read, H.H. 394 Petit, J.R. 329 Poths, H. 73 Reade, T.M. 322 Petrie, L.M. 384 Potts, P.J. 15, 23, 635, 671 Rechka, J.A. 477 Petrov, A.A. 497 Poty, B. 108 Redfield, A.C. 178 Pettengill, G.H. 547 Pouchou, J.-L. 191 Reed, M.H. 333 Pettijohn, F.J. 555 Pourier, J.-P. I 68 Reed, W.E. 441 Peypouquet, J.-P. 484 Powell, J.L. 295, 599-600, 603 Reeder, R.J. 142, 292, 409 Peyronneau, J. 226 Powell, R. 139, 515 Reedy, R.C. 108 Pfaltz, A. 52 I Powell, T.G. 130, 536, 537 Reeves, H. 437 Pflaum, R.C. 292 Prahl, F.G. 40, 455, 459, 477 Reeves, R.D. 425 Pflaumann, U. 477 Prather, M. 431 Rehkamper, M. 155 Philippot, P. 337 Pratt, L.M. 479, 537 Reid, A.F. 64 Phillips, E.J.P. 82 Pratt, P.L. 404 Reid, J.L. 178 Phillips, F.M. 64, 81, 107, 302, 479 Prell, W.L. 666 Reid, M.R. 48 Phillips, J. 322 Presser, T.S. 572 Reimer, G.M. 247 Phillips, J.M. 655 Prewitt, C.T. 347, 468, 575 Reimer, K.J. 22, 216 Phillips, O.M. 387 Price, G.D. I 18 Reinitz, I.M. 635 Phillips, T.L. 89 Price, L.C. 441, 504 Reisberg, L. 550 Phillips, W.R. 604 Price, N.J. 666 Remenda, V.H. 329 Philp, R.P. 456, 504, 521, 595 Price, P.B. 247 Remond, G. 191, 570 Philpotts, A.R. 83 Price, P.L. 323 Renac, C. 305 Pichoir, F. 191 Price, R.C. 204, 292 Renaud, A. 64 Picket, E.E. 336 Prigogine, I. 515 Renaut, R.W. 75 Pickett, D.A. 223, 538 Prinz, M. 168 Renne, P.R. 479 Picot, P. 308 Prost, G.L. 547 Renoux, A. 518 Piepgras, D.J. 567 Proussevitch, A.A. 123 Repeta, D.J. 456, 461 Pieters, C.M. 547 Puchelt, H. 29 Requejo, A.G. 36, 39, 441, 504 Pilleyre, T. 630 Pueyo, J.-J. 290 Retallack, G.J. 532 Pillinger, C.T. 262, 433 Putnis, A. 118, 239, 382 Revelle, R.R. 27, 322 Pimminger, M. 308 Puttmann, W. 323 Revill, A.T. 261, 325, 442 Pinckney, D.M. 337 Pyle, D.M. 634, 653 Reyes, A.G. 302 Ping, J.Y. 414 Reymer, A. 49 Pingitore, N.E. 57, 291, 603 Qian, Y. 457 Reynolds, R.C. 110 Pinta, H. 577 Qin, Z. 378 Reynolds, R.L. 504 Pinto, A.C. 41 Quade, J. 271 Reynolds, T.J. 488 Pirajno, F. 453 Quay, P.D. 64, 73 Rhodes, M. 182 698 INDEX OF AUTHORS CITED

Ribbe, P.H. 346 Ross, I.E. 213 Sanhueza, E. 431 Ribe, N.M. 635 Rossman, G.R. 120 Santschi, P.H. 635 Ricci, I.E. 515 Roth, E. 108 Sanyal, A. 49 Ricci, M.P. 101, 473 Rouer, 0. 570 Sanzelle, S. 630 Rice, J. 243 Rourke, F.M. 226 Sappenfield, K.M. 48 Rich, R.A. 337 Rousseau, B. 43 Sarda, P. 19, 218, 314, 423, 672 Richards, F. 178 Rousseau, D. 422 Sargent, J.R. 477 Richards, F.A. 434 Rousseau, R.M. 13 Sarin, M.M. 635 Richards, M. 155, 659 Rowan, E.L. 337 Sarjeant, W.A.S. 322 Richardson, J.M. 569 Rowe, M.W. 110, 627 Sarmiento, J.L. 178 Richardson, S.H. 19 Rowland, S.J. 261 Sarnthein, M. 477 Richardson, S.M. 100, 139, 204 Rawlinson, H. 210 Sartin, A.A. II 0 Richter, G.R. 399 Roy, S. 384 Sass, E. 57 Riddle, C. 15, 569 Royer, M. 243 Sass en, R. 504, 571, 605 Ridgway, J. 428 Rozanski, K. 329, 473, 592 Sassi, F.P. 243 Ridley, M.K. 77 Rubey, W.W. 666 Satoh, S. 48 Ridley, W.I. 182 Rubie, D.C. 79, 162, 266 Saugier-Cohen Adad, M.-T. 586 Riediger, C.L. 479 Rubin, A.E. 399 Saunders, A.D. 214, 421 Ries-Kautt, M. 41 Ruddiman, W.F. 532, 667 Saunders, D.F. 504 Rigali, M.J. 446 Rudkievicz, J.L. 500 Saunders, R.S. 547 Rigby, D. 330 Rudnick, R.L. 150, 204, 207, 214 Savin, S.M. 329, 473-4 Riggs, A.C. 474 Rueter, P. 499 Sawka, W.N. 209 Righter, K. 162 Ruhemann, S. 36 Sawkins, F.J. 337 Riley, G.A. 387 Ruhl, W. 505 Saxby, J.O. 360 Riley, J.P. 340 Ruiz, J. 13, 271, 550 Saxena, S.K. 79, 243, 582 Riley, K.W. 360 Rukhin, L.B. 232 Saylor, B.Z. 532 Rimstidt, J.D. 353 Rullkotter, J. 39-40, 442, 456 Schaefer, R.G. 500, 501 Ringwood, A.E. 156, 162, 168, 207, 223, Rumble, D. 271 Schaeffer, P. 41, 521 378, 656 Rumble, D., III 614 Schafer, H. 394 Ritger, S.D. 532 Rumyantsev, V.M. 518 Schaffner, C. 36, 325 Rivers, M.L. 618 Runnegar, B. 532 Schelicher, H. 295 Robbins, L.L. 457 Runnells, D.D. 186, 466 Schenck, P.A. 44 Robert, F. 337 Russell, D. 457 Schenk, H.J. 96, 500 Roberts, R.G. 577 Russell, P.L. 442, 505 Scherkenbach, D.A. 337 Roberts, S.J. 13 Ruth, M.D. 504 Schiano, P. 378 Robertson, A.H.F. 292 Rutherford, J.C. 140 Schidlowski, F.T. 614 Robie, R.A. 58, 227, 255, 277, 625 Rutter, E.H. 140 Schidlowski, M. 72, 532, 537, 330 Robinson, J.M. 96 Ruzicka, A. 399 Schilling, J.-G. 49, 81, 182, 204, 208, 214 Robinson, N. 36 Ryan, C.G. 337, 489 Schindler, P.W. 5, 617 Robinson, R.A. 9, 126, 189 Ryan, J.G. 30, 49, 204 Schleicher, H. 124, 524, 623 Rochow, E.G. 193 Rydberg, J. 541 Schlesinger, W.H. 31, 67, 431, 468, 610 Rock, P.A. 277, 309, 593, 625 Rye, R. 532 Schley, F. 308 Rodgers, K. 290 Rye, R.O. 333 Schlosser, P. 358, 672 Roe, K.K. 253 Schmalzried, H. 404 Roe, L. 271 Sabine, P.A. 322 Schmidt, P.W. 330 Roedder, E. 249, 252, 305, 336-7, 488 Sack, R.O. 182, 638 Schmitt, R.A. 51, 340 Roeder, P.L. 607 Sackett, W.M. 538 Schmucker, U. 209 Roger, G. 570 Sacks, I.S. 13, 30 Schneider, G.M. 586 Rogers, G. 421 Sadik, N. 579 Schneider, W. 90 Rogers, J.J.W. 162, 209, 648 Saeed, M.A. 504 Schnoor, J.L. 431 Rogers, M.A. 441 Sagan, C. 532 Schock, R.N. 404 Rogers, N.W. 561 Sagna, I. 19 Schoell, M. 30, I 0 I, 330, 416, 497 Rogge, W.F. 36, 40 Sahagian, D.L. 123 Schofield, C.L. 10 Rohmer, M. 41, 369 Sahama, T.G. 279, 322 Schoonen, M.A.A. 353, 610 Rohrback, B.G. 329 Sahm, H. 369 Schoonheydt, R.A. 193 Rokop, D.J. 518, 621 Saiz-Jimenez, C. 325 Schopf, J.M. 96, 532, 536-7 Roksandic, Z. 101 Sakai, H. 357, 434, 592, 615 Schottky, W. 404 Rollinson, H.R. 204, 271 Sakata, K. 522 Schouten, S. 10 I Romanek, C.S. 72 Sales, R.H. 333 Schramke, J.A. 466 Rona, P.A. 302, 387, 619 Saliot, A. 35 Schramm, D.N. 437 Ronov, A.B. 292 Salje, E.K.H. 118 Schreiber, B.S. 27 Root, D.H. 505 Salomon, M. 586 Schreiber, D.R. 18 Roper, G.W. 140 Salomons, W. 97, 216, 357 Schreinemakers, F.A.H. 515 Roques-Carmes, C. 570 Salters, V.J.M. 312, 372 Schroeder, H.A. 622 Roscoe, S.M. 532 Sammakia, B. 386 Schroeder, J.O. 292 Rose, A.W. 269, 333, 542-3 Samoun, A.M. 500 Schroll, E. 308 Rose, W.I. 657 Sandberg, P. 457 Schron, W. 394 Rosell-Mele, A. 477 Sandberg, P.A. 473 Schrunner, H. 582 Rosenbaum, J. 72 Sanders, J.E. 27, 322 Schubert, G. 49, 421 Rosendahl, B.R. 607 Sanderson, T. 193 Schulte, M.D. 456 Rosholt, J.N. 635 Sandiford, M. 139 Schulz, W.W. II Rosman, K.J.R. 446, 621-2, 636 Sandimirova, G.P. 369 Schulz-Dobrick, B. 44, 623 Ross N.L. 118 Sanfo, Z. 10 Schulze, E.-D. 433 Ross, C.A. 484 Sangster, D. 333, 614 Schumann, R.R. 543 INDEX OF AUTHORS CITED 699

Schvoerer, M. 570 Shih, C.-Y. 526 Smith, J.S. 433 Schwarcz, H.P. 72, 357, 473, 635, 653 Shiller, A.M. 178 Smith, J.V. 618 Schwartz, F.W. 100, 668 Shiller, Yu.P. 259 Smith, J.W. 330 Schwartz, G.M. 333 Shima, M. 369 Smith, K.S. 263 Schwarzenbach, G. 77 Shimizu, H. 213 Smith, M.F. 182 Schweighardt, F.K. 39 Shimizu, N. 344, 378-9, 473 Smith, R.M. 57 Schwochau, K. 416 Shimp, N.F. 473 Smith, S. 619 Sclater, F.R. 426 Shipp, R. 458 Smoliar, M.I. 550 Scoffin, T.P. 75 Shiraki, K. 82 Smolkin, V.F. 547 Scott, A.C. 90 Shirey, S.B. 550 Smykatz-Kioss, W. 133 Scott, E.R.D. 399 Shirley, J.H. 322 Smyth, M. 96 Scott, M.R. 330, 542 Shirley, V.S. II, 64, 123, 424, 519 Snow, J.E. 550 Scott, P.M. 536 Shiro, Y. 357 Snyder, G.A. 399 Scott, S.D. 243, 497, 606, 608 Shock, E.L. 456 Snyder, W.S. 291 Seaborg, G.T. 5, 11, 29, 58, 123, 187, 245, Shofield, P.F. 638 Sobolev, A.V. 344, 379 362, 387, 424, 434, 518 Sholkovitz, E.R. 518 Sokolov, V.A. 416 Seal, R.R., II 608 Shotyk, W. 490, 491 Sollas, W.J. 322 Sears, D.W. 399 Shrift, A. 572 Solovova, I.P. 252 Sebera, D.K. 655 Shu, J.F. 156 Solper, E.M. 79 Seemann, M. 369 Shukolyukov, A. 156 Somayajulu, B.L.K. 635 Seewald, J.S. 360 Shutov, V.D. 232 Somsen, G. 236, 586 Segal, D.B. 504 Shuval, H.I. 434 Songaila, A. 330 Seibold, E. 619 Sibley, D.F. 142 Soper, P.D. 522 Seifert, W.K. 444 Sichere, M.-C. 570 Soret, C. 140 Seilacher, A. 532 Sidow, A. 457 Soudant, M. 421 Seinfeld J.H. 123 Sie, S.H. 337 Soumana, S. 630 Self, S. 659 Siegenthaler, U. 64, 72, 473 Spackman, W. 89 Selverstone, J. 243 Sieper, F. 362 Sparks, R.S.J. 659 Semken, S.C. 469 Siever, R. 292 Sparrow, M.A. 40, 477 Sen, C. 341 Signer, P. 358, 423, 672 Spaulding, R.F. 433 Senftle, B.B. 246 Sigurdsson, H. 659 Spear, A.J. 547 Sepkowski, J.J., Jr. 322 Sikes, E.L. 477 Spear, F.S. 140, 271, 306, 394, 515 Serban, A. 457 Sikkeland, T. 5, 362, 434 Speidel, D.H. 322 Serkies, J. 186 Silbey, R.S. 593 Spencer, C.P. 438 Seto, S. 162 Silfer, J.A. 457 Spencer, E. 27 Seufert, H.M. 636 Sillen, L.G. 178 Spencer, P.J. 582 Seward, D. 247 Silver, L.T. 421 Spesshardt, S.A. 517 Seward, T.M. 310, 577 Simmons, S.F. 302 Spettel, B. 162 Seyfried, W.E., Jr. 302 Simon, J.L. 418 Speyer, R.F. 627 Seymour, J. 579 Simoneit, B.R.T. 36, 39-41, 44, 497-8 Spilde, M.N. 399, 620 Sguigna, A.P. 372 Simonin, P. 41 Spitzy, A. 279 Shackleton, N.J. 67, 473, 484 Sims, K.W.W. 644 Spivack, A.J. 48-9, 370 Shampine, D.L. 155 Sinclair, A.J. 269 Sposito, G. 87, 617, 666 Shanks, W.C. 607 Singer, D.A. 413 Sprague, J.B. 51 Shannon, R.D. 117, 197, 213, 226, 266, Singhvi, A.K. 630 Sprunk, G.C. 90 346-7, 468, 556, 599 Sinninghe Damste, J.S. 36, 101 Spyckerelle, C. 36 Shapley Matthews, M. 399 Sinton, J.M. 182 Stacey, J.S. 367-8 Sharaskin, A.Ya. 210 Sisson, T.W. 489 Stach, E. 90, 96 Sharma, M. 550 Sisson, V.B. 48 Stallard, R. 178, 669 Sharna, Y.P. 630 Skinner, B.J. 186, 418, 607, 615 Standley, L.J. 36, 40 Sharp, T. 271 Skjetne, T. 522 Stanton, R.W. 96 Shaw, D.M. 49, 150, 379, 623 Skoog, D.A. 588 Starinsky, A. 49 Shaw, G.J. 522 Skougstad, M.W. 186 Staudacher, Th. 19, 218, 314, 423, 672 Shaw, H.F. 422 Slack, J.F. 191 Staudigel. H. 550 Shawe, D.R. 413 Slaughter, M. 193 Staudt, W.J. 610 Sheahan, P.A. 577 Slaughter, T.A. 110 Stauffer, B. 72 Shearer, C.K. 399, 620 Sleep, N.H. 534 Staverman, W.H. 357 Shearer, G. 433 Sloan, D. 603 Steefel, C.I. 249 Shearer, J.C. 90, 96 Sloan, J.L., III 291 Steiger, R.H. 526, 561 Shearer, P. 156 Smalley, P.C. 479 Stein, H.J. 413, 550 Shegelski, R.J. 532 SMI Corporation 493 Stein, L. 543 Shelton, J.W. 27 Smirnov, V.I. 488 Steinberg, N.A. 572 Shen, G. 582 Smith, A.G. 298 Stephens, C.G. 27 Sheng, G. 39 Smith, A.L. 659 Stephens, W.E. 421 Shepherd, T.J. 362 Smith, A.T. 336 Stevenson, D.J. 156, 162 Sheppard, D.S. 302 Smith, B.S. 256, 315 Stevenson, R.K. 372 Sheppard, R.A. 27 Smith, C.L. 622 Stewart, F. 444 Sheppard, S.M.F. 72, 357, 453, 473 Smith, D.G. 298 Stewart, M.K. 302 Sherman, D.M. 226 Smith, E. 404 Stewart, W.E. 99, 386 Shevalier, M. 571 Smith, G.I. 479 Stiehl, G. 433 Shevenell, L. 302 Smith, G.R. 644 Stillwell, F.L. 394 Shi, P. 582 Smith, H.D., Jr. 110 Stimac, J.A. 337 Shibata, Y. 362 Smith, H.J. 49 Stiickhert, B. 24 7 Shields, W.R. 48, 555 Smith, J.M. 49 Stockwell, C.H. 298 700 INDEX OF AUTHORS CITED

Stokes, R.H. 9, 126, 189 Takenaka, T. 544 Tissot, B.P. 92, 305, 360, 440, 456, 461, Stoliarov, G.A. 672 Talbot, M.R. 455 497, 500, 505 Stommel, H. 322 Tan, Y.L. 36 Tokar, J.M. 441 Stone, A.T. 82, 384 Tanabe, Y. 120 Toledano P. 118 Stapes, M.C. 90, 96 Tanaka, S. 347, 551, 562 Toledano, J. 118 Storm, C.B. 522 Tanaka, T. 213 Tolstikhin, I.N. 314 Stott, G.M. 535 Tanford, C. 99 Tomkeieff, S.l. 338 Stout, S.A. 39 Tannenbaum, E. 360 Tomkins, M.A. 216 Stranski, I.N. 409 Tanner, A.B. 543 Toon, O.B. 532 Strauch, G. 329 Tans, P.P. 67 Topsoe, H. 382 Strauss, H. 536 Tardy, Y. 615 Torgerson, T. 302 Street, K., Jr. 58 Tarling, D.H. 382 Torok, K. 252 Streib!, M. 36 Tarney, J. 150, 214, 421 Torstenfeldt, B. II, 123, 424 Stroh, A. 341, 490, 648 Tarutani, T. 484 Tassell, J.A. 118, 347 Strong, D.F. 362 Tate, V.T. 186 Touret, J. 252, 337 Stroup, J.B. 182, 221 Tatsumoto, M. 368, 372 Tourtelot, H.A. 603 Stucki, J.W. 133 Taylor, B.E. 614-5, 657 Towe, K.M. 532 Stuckless, J.S. 599 Taylor, D. 537 Trefry, J.H. 178 Stuiver, M. 64, 484 Taylor, G.H. 90, 96 Treibs, A. 522 Stumm, W. 5, 18, 57, 67, 79, 97, 99, 186, Taylor, G.J. 399 Trendall, A.F. 292, 298 186, 279, 384, 438, 466, 468, 617, 669 Taylor, H.K. 418 Trendel, J.-M. 41, 100, 324 Stumm-Zollinger, E. 669 Taylor, H.P. 302, 357, 473, 592 Trepte, C.R. 659 Stute, M. 358, 672 Taylor, J.R. 636 Trescases, J .J. 615 Sttiwe, H.P. 139 Taylor, L.A. 399, 638 Treuil, M. 210 Stiiwe, K. , 140 Taylor, R.E. 64, 295 Trifilieff, S. 41 Styles, M. 361 Taylor, R.F. 369 Trimble, V. 437 Suess, H.E. 64, 104, 437 Taylor, R.G. 636 Triolo, R. 9, 189 Suess, S.E. 536 Taylor, S.R. 150, 162, 168, 182, 204, 207, Trocine, R.P. 178 Sugano, S. 120 213-4, 223, 226, 291-2, 353, 378, 399, Trotignon, L. 598 Suggate, R.P. 96 422, 534, 556, 59~ 635, 656 Trout, M.L. 336 Sugiyama, T. 446 Taylor, T.I. 370 Trudell, L.G. 521 Summons, R.E. 41, 101, 536-7, 595 Teesdale, W.J. 489 Trudinger, C.M. 140 Sun, S-S. 156, 162, 168, 182, 203, 207, 210, Tefry, J.H. 178 Truesdell, A.H. 18, 302 214, 369, 401 Tegelaar, E.W. 43, 323, 325, 459 Truran, J.W. 326 Sunagawa, I. 409 Teichmiiller, M. 90, 96, 325 Truscott, M.G. 49, 150 Sundararaman, P. 522 Teichmiiller, R. 90, 96 Tsubota, H. 635 Sundblad, K. 550 Telnaes, N. 40 Tsuchiyama, A. 399 Sundman, B. 582 Temkin, M. 582 Tsunogai, S. 178 Sundquist, E.T. 57, 59 Ten Cate, J.A.M. 322 Tucker, M.E. 27, 75, 292 Surprenant, L.D. 634 ten Haven, H.L. 39, 40, 595 Turcotte, D.L. 168 Sutphin, D.M. 418 Teodorovich, G.I. 27 Turekian, K.K. 64, 178, 292, 462, 547, 550, Sutton, S.J. 292, 532 Tera, F. 13, 30 635 Sutton, S.R. 82 Tett, S.F.B. 59 Turner, G. 19 Suzuki, T. 347, 551, 562 Thew, K. 330 Turner, J.S. 387 Suzuoki, T. 357 Thewalt, M.L.W. 630 Turner, J.V. 72 Sverdrup, H. U. 178 Thiemens, M. 614 Tuweni, A.O. 440 Sverjensky, D.M. 213 Thiessen, R. 90, 96 Tymen, G. 518 Swan, P.D. 455 Thinger, P.D. 79 Tyson, J.F. 361 Swaney, D. 431 Thode, H.G. 615 Tyson, R.V. 440 Swart, P.K. 473, 479 Thomas, C.R. 337 Sweeney, J.J. 96 Thomas, C.W. 221, 518 Uchikoba, F. 469 Sweeney, R.E. 434 Thomas, J. 595 Ueda, A. 434, 615 Sweet, I.P. 536 Thomas-Keprta, K.L. 456 Ulmer, G.C. 239 Swennen, R. 142 Thomason, L.W. 659 Ulrich, B. 2 Swett, K. 536 Thompson, A.B. 79, 666 Ulrych, T.J. 602 Swihart, G.H. 48 Thompson, C.K. 504 UNESCO 178 Swoboda-Colberg, N.G. 669 Thompson, G. 49, 178, 182, 369 Ungerer, P. 305, 500-1 Sylvester P. 162 Thompson, J. 178 Unni, C.K. 49, 81, 208 Sylvia, D.M. 431 Thompson, J.B., Jr 582 Updegraff, D.M. 269 Symbalisty, E.M.D. 437 Thompson, M. 362 Urey, H.C. 49, 104, 357, 370, 437, 473, Symonds, R.B. 337, 657 Thompson, R.N. 210 484, 592, 639 Syono, Y. 239 Thompson, S. 322 Urusov, V.S. 582 Syrup, K. 329 Thompson, S.G. 29, 58, 187, 245, 387 US Bureau of Mines 413, 418 Syvitski, P.M. 291 Thurston, P.C. 534, 535 US Department of Energy 221 Szabo, B.J. 474 Tieh, T.T. 110 Usdowsky, E. 142 Szaki, W. 308 Tien, A.J. 142 Uytenbogaardt, W. 413 Tiercelin, J.-J. 498 Taborek, B. 457 Tilley, C.E. 322 Vail, P.R. 322 Tada, R. 292 Tilley, R.J.D. 118 Vairavamurthy, M.A. 610 Taguchi, S. 302, 357 Tilton, G.R. 650 Valbracht, P.J. 19, 423 Tait, S. 387 Timmes, F.X. 437 Valladas, H. 630 Takahashi, E. 168 Tingey, D.T. 2 Valles Hernandez, D.H. 261 Takahashi, T. 67, 140, 178 Tiratsoo, E.N. 505 Valley, J.W. 72, 139, 473 Takano, S. 544 Tissot, B. 130, 50 I Vallier, T.L. 182 INDEX OF AUTHORS CITED 701

van Aarssen, B.G.K. 325 Walker R.J. 550 Weis, D. 378 van Berkel, G.J. 522 Walker, B.M. 413 Weisbrod, A. 252 van Calsteren, P.W. 561 Walker, C.T. 49 Weisenfiuh, G.A. 96 Van Cappellen, P. 516 Walker, D. 123, 139, 223, 387 Welhan, J.A. 337 van de Graaf, B. 595 Walker, F.W. 226, 656 Welke, H. 367 van de Ven, T.G.M. 99 Walker, G. 371 Welte, D.H. 92, 130, 360, 440, 456, 461, Van Den Haute, P. 305 Walker, G.P.L. 659 497, 500-1, 505 van der Eerden, J.P. 123, 404 Walker, J.C.G. 468, 473, 532, 669 Wendlandt, W.W. 627 van der Hilst, R.D. 156, 162 Walker, R.J. 162, 462, 547, 550 Wenk, H.-R. 142 Van der Hoek, B. 404 Walker, R.M. 247, 455 Wertz, J.E. 382 van der Pluijm, B.A. 271 Wall, V.J. 636 Wesolowski, D.J. 77 van Graas, G. 44 Wall, W.J. 394 West, D.M. 588 Van Grieken, R.E. 671 Wallace, M.W. 479 Westbroek, P. 457 van Heek, K.H. 500 Walling, E.M. 309 Westgate, J.A. 247 van Heerden, L.A.V. 182 Walter, L.M. 57, 291 Westrich, H.R. 598, 669 van Krevelen, D.W. 96, 497 Walter, M.R. 536-7 Westrich, J.T. 460 Van Langevelde, F. 337 Walters, C.C. 497 Wetherill, G.W. 162, 207, 650 van Leeuwen, H.P. 99 Walther, J.V. 394, 669 Wetzel, R.G. 438, 516 Van Loon, J.C. 12, 23, 347, 551, 562 Walton, J.R. 434 Wheat, C.G. 292 van Oss, C.J. 655 Walton-Day, K. 186 White, A.F. 99, 186 Van Wazer, R. 516 Wampler, E.J. 330 White, A.J.R. 394, 421 Vance, D.E. 354 Wand, U. 433 White, C.M. 456 Vandenbroucke, M. 497 Wang, D. 399 White, D.E. 27, 337 Yanko, D.A. 336 Wang, T.-G. 40 White, F.M. 387 Vargaftik, N.B. 387 Wang, X.S. 457 White, M.G. 221, 518 Varnavas, S.P. 292 Wang, Y. 221 White, N.C. 302 Vasconcelos, C. 142 Waples, D.W. 497 White, W.H. 413 Vasseur, G. 305 Ward, W. 655 White, W.M. 372, 561 Vaughan, D.J. 117-8, 347, 418, 606 Ware, N. 656 Whitehead, D.C. 342 Year, A. 57 Warme, J.E. 75 Whitfield, M. 186 Veblen, D.R. 82, 243 Warne, S.St.J. 133 Whitford, D.J. 473 Veeh, H.H. 634 Warren, J.K. 292 Whiticar, M.J. 30, 330, 416 Veizer, J. 72, 292, 473-4, 532, 535, 561, Warren, P.H. 399 Whitney, J.A. 453, 577 592, 603 Warwick, P.D. 96 Whittle, D.P. 140 Vengosh, A. 49 Washburn, E.W. 387 Whitworth, T.M. 85 Venkatesan, M.I. 41 Washington, J.W. 543 Widiyantoro, S. 156, 162 Vermeer, C. 457 Wasserburg, G.J. 178, 315,421-2, 550, Wiedemann, H.G. 627 Vernon, R.H. 394 566-7, 634, 650, 653 Wieler, R. 358, 423, 672 Viets, T.C. 44 Wasserman, M.D. 333 Wiesmann, H. 526 Vilcheze, C.P. 41 Wasson, J.T. 156, 204, 399, 462, 547 Wiesner, M.G. 440 Vinogradov, A.P. 322 Watson, E.B. 387, 490, 639 Wigley, T.M.L. 669 Virgo, D. 638 Watterson, J.R. 269 Wikberg, P. 186 Vitousek, P.M. 67, 431 Way, K. 330 Wilbur, D.O. 73 Vlasov, K.A. 216, 623 Waychunas, G.A. 10, 371 Wilgus, C.K. 72 Vlassopoulos, D. 219 Wayland, B.B. 5 Wilhelm, M. 675 Voerkelius, S. 433 Weare, J.H. 9, 249, 291 Wilkes, H. 499 Vogel, J.C. 357 Weast, R.C. 221, 577 Wilkinson, G. 5, 218, 226, 384, 608 Vogt, S. 108 Weaver, B.L. 150, 168 Wilkinson, J.F.G. 182 Vold, M.J. 99 Weaver, J. 490 Wilkinson, S.G. 369 Vold, R.D. 99 Weaver, S.D. 214 Williams, D.F. 474 Volkman, J.K. 41, 325, 441-2, 456, 477, Weaver, T.A. 437 Williams, G.E. 531, 532 595 Webb, J.S. 269, 322 Williams, H.R. 535 Volpe, A.M. 654 Webb, P.C. 671 Williams, I.S. 13, 312, 344, 650 von Brunn, V. 532 Weber, F. 446 Williams, J.A. 444 Von Burg, R. 389 Weber, J.N. 484 Williams, J.G. 13, 362 von Damm, K.L. 337, 428 Weber, W.S. 182 Williams, L.A. 292, 575 von Gruenewaldt, G. 517 Webster, J.D. 252 Williams, L.B. 428 Von Herzen, R.P. 387 Webster, J.G. 310 Williams, P.F. 394-5 Von Zittel, K.A. 322 Wedeking, K.W. 72, 536, 537 Williams, P.W. 57 Vorobev, E.D. 672 Wedepohl, K.H. 44, 97, 102, 150, 223, 279, Williams, R.W. 538, 634, 654 Votas, R.B. 41 292, 322, 479, 556, 575, 577, 599, 623, Williams-Jones, A.E. 253 648, 656 Williamson, M.A. 353 Wachter, E.A. 72 Weeks, M.E. 322, 556, 599 Willsch, H. 325 Waddington, J.C. 372 Wefel, J.P. 104 Wilson, A.C. 457 Waenke, H. 162 Wefer, G. 73, 474 Wilson, B.M. 600 Wagner, C. 404 Wegmiiller, S. 473 Wilson, C.J.N. 659 Wagner, G. 247, 305 Wehmiller, J.F. 457 Wilson, D.S. 182 Wagstaff, J. 638 Weidner, D.J. 156 Wilson, E.N. 387 Wahl, A.C. 518 Wei!, J.A. 382 Wilson, L. 659 Wakeham, S.G. 36, 325, 456, 459, 461, 477 Weill, D.F. 490, 638 Wilson, L.A. 221 Wakita, H. 51, 447, 638 Weinberg, S. 437 Wilson, M. 421 Waldbaum, D.R. 582, 625 Weiner, S. 57, 411, 457 Wilson, R.D. 441 Walder, A.J. 13 Weinhouse, S. 64 Winchell, P. 140 Walk, M.F. 668 Weinrauch, G. 418 Winchester, J.A. 210 702 INDEX OF AUTHORS CITED

Windelius, G. 322 Wright, T.L. 182, 517 Yund, R.A. 79 Windley, B.F. 204, 532 Wright, V.P. 27, 75, 292 Yurimoto, H. 162 Winograd, I.J. 474, 592 Wu, Y. 156 Yurtsever, Y. 330 Winston, R.B. 90 Wuebbles, D.J. 145 Wuensch, B.J. 404, 469, 604, 606, 608 Winterer, E.L. 75, 291 Zachos, J.C. 480 Wyllie, P.J. 168, 322, 379, 395, 648, 659 Wintle, A.G. 630 Zahiralis, K.D. 41 Wirth, H. 440 Xu, S. 87 Zahnle, D.L. 477 Withers, J. 59 Zajac M. 204 Withers, N. 595 Yablokov, A.V. 518 Zajicek, O.T. 668 Wlotzka, F. 434 Yamada, M. 635 Zak, I. 592 Wold, C.N. 291 Yamamoto, K. 522 Zandt, G. 150 Woldgang, R.L. 639 Yamane. T. 140 Zang, W. 579 Wolery, T.J. 9 Yang, H.S. 635 Zare, R.N. 455 Wolf, E.C. 579 Yang, J. 330 Zartman, R.E. 271 Wolf, R. 399 Yang, S.R. 638 Zashu, S. 672 Yapp, C.J. 73, 330 Wolfe, J.A. 484 Zeegers, H. 269 Wollast, R. 282 Yardley, B.W.D. 140, 337, 395 Yariv, S. 617 Zeitler, P.K. 247, 395 Wong, G.T.F. 342 Zen, E-An. 515 Wood, B.J. 239, 306, 337, 379, 469, 638 Yeh, H. 474 Yen, T.F. 110 Zenger, D.H. 130, 322 Wood, J.A. 546 Zhai, M. 49 Wood, J.H. 226 Yendle, P.W. 497 Yeo, G.M. 532 Zhang, J. 73 Wood, K.M. 322 Yi, W. 155 Zhang, R. 598 Wood, S.A. 213, 219, 253 Yiou, F. 10 Zhang, Y. 79, 123, 387, 399 Wood, S.E. 236 Yoder, H.S. 79, 379 Zhou, L. 291 Woodard, H.H. 525 Yoo, H.I. 469 Zhou, X. 431 Wooden, J.L. 271 York, D. 524 Zindler, A. 64, 155, 168, 182, 550, 567, Woodward, J.C. 186 Yoshida, M. 48 635, 653 Woolum, D.S. 104, 437 You, C.F. 49, 370 Zinner, E. 344, 437, 458 Wooseley, S.E. 437 Young, C.P. 434 Zipfel, J. 399 World Health Organization 51 Young, G.M. 150, 292, 531, 532 Zolistschka, B. 64 World Resources Institute 579 Young, J. 635 Zuberer, D.A. 431 Worsley, T.R. 532 Yu, J. 193, 655 Zundel, M. 41 Wright, A.E. 395 Yuen, G. 329, 458 Zussman, J. 117,411,604 Wright, J.V. 659 Yukawa, H. 195 Zweig, G. 195 Subject Index

absorption spectra 14, 23, 131 amino acids 456 ash-flow tuffs 659 abundance, elements 102, 207 ammonia 427, 429 asphalt 454, 494 accelerator mass spectrometry 61 amphibolite 149 assimilation 377 accretion, planetary 103, 160 amphibolite facies 392 astatine 23 accretion, continental 146 amphoteric 3 asthenosphere 162, 163 achondrites 395-7 anaerobic 490 atmophile 263 acid 1-2, 183, 300 analysis I 08, 567 atmosphere I, 60, I 05, 280, 426, 428, 467, acid deposition I field methods II 523, 526, 666 acid mine drainage 668 analytical chemistry 12, 121, 277, 671 Earth 143 acid-base 16, 18 3 analytical technique 13, 190, 424, 453 oxygen content 529 actinides 19 5 andesite 179 processes 660 complex 196 andesite model 14 7 atmospheric C02 528 actinium 5 anhydrous sulfates 603 processes 660 activated complex 121 anion coordination 414 atom 539-40 activation energy 5, 77, 135, 668 anions 111, 345 atomic absorption 14, 23 activation enthalpy 5 anisotropic growth 408 atomic arrangement 409 activation volume 5 anoxic environments 454 atomic mass 23 activity 2, 187, 305, 592 anthracite 96 atomic nuclei 539-40 activity coefficient 7, 16, 124, 126, 184, antiferromagnetism 381 atomic number 25, 491 187, 306, 309, 315 antimony 15, 216 authigenesis 26, 127, 524 adsorben ts 99 antiphase boundary 402 autochthonous organics 460 adsorption 18, 83 antiphase domain 117 autochthonous ore deposits 451 aerial photography 544 aquatic chemistry 278 Avicenna 316 age dating 246, 295, 563, 648 aqueous 280 Avogadro constant 23, 143 recent 456 circulation 386 age range 125 diffusion 13 7 back -arc rifting 299 ages 106, 124, 556 electrolyte solutions 187 backscattered electron 570 absolute 292, 522 fluids 331, 570 bacterial lipids 368 aggregation 98 solubilities, metals 452 banded iron formation 225, 289, 451, 529, Al-Biruni, Abu Rayan 316 solutions 16, 124, 248, 406, 449 619 albite dissolution 597, 60 I surface films 616 barite 288 aliphatic hydrocarbons 31, 42, 323, 494 aquifers 84 barium 28 alkali elements 198, 20 I thorium 632 oceanic 175 alkali basalts 167 aragonite 55, 73, 74, 288 Barnes, Virgil E. 320 alkaline earth elements 28, 51, 198 Archean 297, 529, 533 basalts 179 alkanes 499 crust 150 carbon isotopes 70 alkenes 360 lithospheric 165 igneous rocks 401 alkenones 454, 475 shields 161 mid-ocean ridge 374 allochthonous, organics 460 archeology 62, 454 tholeiitic 373, 401 alpha decay 219, 540 argillic alteration 332 volcanics 40 I alteration 167 argon 18 bases 2, 183, 198 assemblage 331-2 40Arj39Ar dating method 19, 202 batch melting 374 minerals 30 I aromatic hydrocarbons 31, 33, 323, 494 bauxites I 0, 258, 452 aluminum 10, 417 Arrhenius, Svante 318, 359 Beaumont, De 319 isotopes 160 equation 390 Beaumont, Elie de 317 ore deposits 452 law 501 Becke, Friedrich Johann Karl 319 amalgams 387 plot 135-6 becquerels 542 americium 10 arsenic 21, 215 Beer's law 587 704 SUBJECT INDEX

Bequerel, Henri 319 californium 57 isotopes 80 berkelium 29 calorimetry 58, 226, 230, 254 chlorophylls 454, 495, 520 beryllium 29, 203 carbohydrates 460 chondrites I 02, 395 cosmogenic 106 carbon 58 carbonaceous 396-7 isotopes I 06 age dating 61 enstatite 395 Berzelius, Jorn Jacob 316 chronometer 61 chondritic uniform reservoir CHUR 564 beta decay 189, 219, 540 tracer 61 chromatograms 444 Bibra, Ernst von 317 carbon cycle 52, 59-60, 65, 494, 536 chromatography 259 big-bang model 434 biological 494 chromite 448 binary solutions 581 carbon dioxide 52 chromium 81 binary system 507, 508 mantle 167 chronology 629, 633 binding energy 655 oceanic 176 marine deposits 63 biochemical degradation 460 carbon isotopes 67, 70, 280, 480, 520, chronometry 61, 541, 634 biochemical reactions 437 529-30, 536, 591 chronostratigraphic 295 biodegradation 323, 455 fractionation 68 Clapeyron's equation 82, 231, 666 biogenic 282 mantle 70 Clarke, F.W. 316, 318 biogenic methane 30 metamorphic rocks 71 classification of the elements 263 biogenic sediments 287 meteorites 69 Clausius inequality 229 biogeochemical 65 seawater 71 Clausius, Rudolph 228 cycles 59, 170, 388, 468 sedimentary rocks 70 clay 128 methods 269 carbon-14 dating 59, 652 membranes 83 processes 98 carbonaceous chondrites !53, 396, 397, 458 minerals 85 biogeochemistry 31, 503 carbonates 51, 129, 140, 178, 287 climate 470, 482 history of 318 compensation depth 73 global 475 biological carbon cycle 494 composition 503 climate change 475, 476 biological fixation 432 dating 652 climate system 661 biomarkers 31, 33, 36, 39, 260, 439, 453, diagenesis 127 climatic evolution 669 457, 460, 519, 535 dissolution 669 close packing Ill correlation 443 sediments 73 closure temperature 137, 304, 394 higher plant 39 strontium 600 coagulation 98 lipid, bacterial 40 carbonatites 70, 375 coal 39, 87, 440 refractory 499 carbonic acid 51 biomarkers 39 biomass 90 cassiterite 450, 636 botanical classification 87 biomineralization 410 catagenesis 91, 455, 496 brightness 93 biopolymer 42, 129 catalysts 77, 281 humic 39 biosphere 66, 69, 278, 280 cathodoluminescence 570 lignite brown coal 93 evolution 472 cations Ill, 345 low-rank 89 bismuth 43 diffusion 136 maceral 87 bitumen 36, 504, 521, 535 cave systems 52 maceral classification 87, black shale 35, 44, 453 cementation 127, 129 origin and diagenesis 90 black smokers 180, 336, 450 cerium 75 petrography organic 87 blocking temperature 557 cesium 76 reflected light microscopy 87 blueschist facies 392 chalcophile 43, 50, 97, 263 types and characteristics 92-4 Boltzmann distribution 78 elements 204, 605 vitrinite reflectance and maturity 96 bonds 112, 191 change in state 274 volatile matter 95 chemical 191, 227, 344, 400 chelate 99 coalification 130 covalent 307, 345 organic acids 77 coastal bitumens 441 ionic 191, 198, 345 petroleums 77 cobalt 97, 450 bond topology 113 chelation 10, 76, 576, 616 colloids 98 bond valence 112 chemical analyses 190 colorimetric analyses 11 bonding energies 655 chemical bonds 344, 400 compatible elements 210, 265, 375 bond-valence theory 113 chemical composition 148, 597 complexes 4, 15, 17, 76, 99, 101,211, 339, boron 44, 215 chemical differentiation 386 449, 572 boron cycle 46 chemical elements 277 actinides 196 Bowen's reaction series 486, 573 chemical equilibrium 52, 233 electronegativity 197 Bowen, N.L. 318 chemical evolution 290 formation 235 Boyle, Robert 317 chemical fossils 33, 260, 457 complexing agents 184 Bragg's equation 190, 670 chemical fractionation 102 component 505 Brand, Hennig 317 chemical model 237 composition, crust 160 Bravais lattices 114 chemical oceanography 454 composition, Earth !60 brines 9, 16, 84 chemical potential 7, 133, 231, 233-4, 256, composition, mantle 160 bromine 49 276, 309 composition space 509 Bronsted-Lowry acid 2-3, 16 chemical processes 353, 583 compound-specific isotope analysis 100 Brownian motion 135 chemical reactions 77, 253-4, 276, 462, concentration, elemental 587 buffer capacity 183 596, 625 concentration gradient 134, 245, 385 buffer system 25 5 chemical thermodynamics 233, 237, 248 concentration profile 135 Bunsen, R. 317 chemical uniformitarianism 169 concentration ratios 377 Bushveld complex 448 chemical weathering 569, 665, 669, concordia diagram 648 chemistry, analytical 277 condensation processes !52, 154, 205, 661 cadmium 50, 480 chemistry, inorganic 277 conductivity, oceanic 169 oceanic 173 chert 289 conservation of energy 272 calcareous oozes 74 chloride 80, 168 contact metamorphic rocks 389 calcite 52, 55, 59, 73-4, 178, 288, 356 chlorine 168 contact regions intrusive 568 calcium 51, 169 cosmogenic 196 continental 206 SUBJECT INDEX 705

continental arcs 146 curvi-planar defects 402 dissociation energy 187, 355 continental crust 222, 278, 367 cycle, hydrologic 330 dissolution 17, 56, 403, 583, 596, 668 density profile 145 cycle, iron 350 dissolution-reprecipitation 127, 140, 281 evolution of 295 cycle, sulfur 609 dissolved solids 334, 667 continental denudation 665 cycles, biogeochemical 388 distorted, polyhedra 120 continental paleotemperatures 481 cycles, geochemical 320 distribution coefficient 303 con tin en tal shield 150 cyclic hydrocarbons 323 distribution of elements 204 controlled rate thermal analysis 626 cyclosilicates 573 diterpenoid 33 convection 122, 385 Dittmar, William 317 convective transport 144 Daly, R.A. 319 dolomite 59, 73, 128, 140, 281, 288, 317 coordination complexes 3 Darcy's law 391 dolomite problem 141 coordination number 345 Darwin, Charles 319 dolostone, strontium 603 coordination polyhedra 111, 116 dating methods 19, 124-5, 270, 294, 563, drainage sediments 268 copper 101, 336 628, 648, 650 dynamic temperature thermal analysis 626 copper-molybdenum deposits 412 Debye-Hiickel 16 dysprosium 142 coral terraces dating 633 Debye-Hiickel equation 8, 188 d spacings 670 core, Earth 205, 277 thermodynamics 124 composition 152 decarbonation 132 Earth 102, 277, 544 formation 158 decay chains 540 atmosphere 143, 656 separation 154 decay constant 540 composition 160, 206, 409 correlation diagram, Nd-Sr 420 decay scheme 563 core 151, 205 corrosion 616 decomposition reactions 459, 499 crust 145, 206, 549, 558 cosmic abundance 25 decompression 374 age determination 522 cosmic elemental abundances 102 deep fluids 299 element concentration 148 cosmic-ray 103, 294 deep sea drilling programs 570 formation and geochemical interaction 61, 220 deep sea sediments 289 evolution 156 spallation 435 defects 141, 403, 408 geochemical evolution 156 induced neutrons 639 deformation 389, 391 history 155, 363 produced neutrons 422 degenerate 119 magnetic field 105 cosmochemistry 151 dehydration 132 mantle 162, 205, 238, 548 cosmogenic 10 dehydrogenation 130 mass relations 278 cosmogenic nuclides 104 Democritus 316 structure 156 coulombic interactions 188 density difference 386 whole melting 150 counters 10 8 density structure for the Earth 151 earthquakes 157 covalency effects 379 depleted and enriched mantle 164 economic geology 266, 416 covalent bonding 119, 192, 572 depositional environment 439, 460 ecosystem, nitrogen cycle 429 covalent bonds 223, 307, 345 depositional process 127 Eh-pH 183, 281, 348, 351 cracking reactions 324 depositional remnant magnetization Einsteinium 187 cratons 165 DRM 382 electrical interactions 188 Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary 347 detectors 109 electrolyte 2, 83 critical point 110, 582 detritus 421 solutions 9 critical temperatures 585 devitrify 378 theorv 187 cross-cutting 486-7 diagenesis 91, 96, 126, 129, 141, 222, 287, electromagnetic radiation 370, 544 crude oil 36, 323, 328, 360, 453, 494, 504 323, 458, 478, 496, 594, 604 electromotive series 463 crust 150, 565 diamagnetism 380 electron capture 189, 219, 540 composition 160 diapir 373 electron microprobe 14, 190 continental 145, 206 dielectric constant 187 electron shells 192, 344, 491, 493 Earth 206 differential scanning calorimetry 58 electron spins 380 lower 374 differential solubility 392 electronegativity 191, 222, 345 oceanic 179, 206 differential thermal analysis 131 complex 197 crust formation 147, 160, 366, 422, 524 diffraction 108, 670 electronic configuration 491 crust-mantle recycling 150, 533-4 diffusion 77, 79, 83, 98, 133, 245, 303, 385, electrons 119 crustal xenoliths 147 389, 581, 649 electrophile 3 crystal chemistry 110, 344, 382, 404 aqueous 137 element formation 434 crystal classes 114 cations 136 elemental abundances 102, 344, 360 crystal faces 406, 616 characteristic time scale 13 5 elemental analysis 488, 587 crystal field effects 370, 545 liquids 137 elemental distribution 493 crystal field stabilization energies 118-9, silicates 136 elemental groups 491 225 diffusion boundary layer 129 elementary particles 193 crystal field theory 118, 223 diffusion coefficient 134 elements 277, 491 crystal growth 77, 120, 406, 616 diffusion curves 649 abundances of 147-8, 154, 207 crystal habit 407, 485 diffusion paths 390 actinides 19 5 crystal lattices 74, 401, 580 diffusion-controlled dissolution 668 alkali and alkaline Earth 198, 201 crystal radii 346 diffusivity 134-135 alkaline Earth 198 crystal site 638 dikes 181 chalcophile 204, 605 crystal structures 113, 670 dilute solutions 188, 315 classification 263, 278 crystal-field stabilization energy 222 dimorphs 116 compatible 206, 265, 375 crystallization 373, 446 dinosaur extinction 347 distribution 204 fractional 373, 376 dipole moments 655, 662 halogen 207 magmatic 405 discontinuity 151 heat-producing 208 crystallographic distortions 414 discrimination diagrams 270 high field strength 209 Curie temperature 381 disequilibrium 408 incompatible 145, 206, 210, 265, 375 Curie-Weiss law 380 dislocation 141, 403 indicator 267 curium 123 dispersion 246 inert 216 706 SUBJECT INDEX

elements (continued.) ferromanganese nodules 633 geochemical log, organics 553 lanthanide series rare earths 211 ferrous iron 348, 3 51 geochemical modeling 8 large-ion lithophile 214 Fersman, Alexander Evgerievich 316, 318 geochemical plate tectonics 270 life essentials 437 fertile 164 geochemical reference material 109, 269 lithophile 158, 214 Fick diffusion coefficient 6 geochemical reservoir 363 metalloids 215 Fick's law 133, 245, 385, 390 geochemical revolutions 321 noble gases 216 field-mobile 11 geocherrlical standards 269 pathfinder 267 field-portable 11 geochemical thermodynamics 131, 271 platinum group 218, 347 filtration 84, 98 geocherrlical tracers 313, 367, 541, 556, radioactive 219 fission products 220 652, 672 rare earth 147, 164,211,286,295, 371, fission-track analysis 246, 304 geochemistry 277 492, 563, 638 fissure eruption 401 low-temperature 280 rare gas 216 flood basalts 559, 658 geochron 364 refractory 157, 199 flow differentiation 378 geochronologic 137, 672 siderophile 154, 158, 221 fluid inclusions 250, 30 I, 304, 336, 488 geochronologic scales 295 trace 222, 375, 446, 637 fluid mixing 300 geochronologic studies 533 transition 223, 491 fluid pressure 390, 666 geochronological methods 522 volatile 157, 199 fluid systems 586 geochronology 292, 650 emission bands 371 fluid transport 390 geochronometers 124, 212, 372, 541 Emmons' zoning model 486 fluids 299, 3 89 geochronometry 107 Empedocles 316 metamorphic 333 geologic models 147 endothermic 624 fluid-rock reactions 248, 391, 449 geologic timescale 65, 295, 533, 556 energy 226, 228, 272 fluorescence 370 geomagnetic field 151 conservation 272 fluorine 252 geopolymers 454 potential 273 food webs 433 geospeedometer 77 transfer 272-3 foraminifera 173, 472, 483 geosphere interactions 279 energy-dispersive spectrometers 190 Forchhammer, Johan Georg 317 geospheres 277 enrichment factors 44 7 formation age 365 geothermal gradient 334 enstatite chondrites 395 formula units 670 geothermal systems 250, 298, 332 enthalpy 78, 226, 233, 254, 273, 624 fossil fuels 417, 439 geothermobarometry 242, 305 entropy 227, 241, 253-4, 274 fossil organic matter 42, 456, 494, 504 geothermometry 237, 302, 305, 469 environment 478 fossils 295, 456 ge1manium 215, 307 tectonic 373 Fourier's law 133 oceanic 171 environment of deposition 495 fractional crystallization 376 Gibbs-Duhem equation 8, 233, 308, 582 environmental geology 280, 592 fractional melting 374 Gibbs free energy 8, 79, 121, 234, 240, 253, eogenesis 91 fractionation, elemental 167 275, 283, 580, 581 epidiagenetic 26 fractionation, kinetic 357 Gibbs-Helmholtz equation 236 epigenesis 232 fractionation diffusive 357 Gibbs, Josiah Willard 318, 505 episodic Pb loss 648 fractionation factors 356 Gibbs phase rule 627 epithermal systems 298, 451, 577 francium 253 glaciology 63, 526, 528 equilibration 137 Franklin furnace 674 glass inclusions 304 equilibrium 77-8, 82, 183, 228, 232, 308-9, free energy 253, 506 global climate 475, 483, 656 505-6 fresh waters 667 global equilibrium 159 equilibrium constants 233, 305, 584 freshwater 16 global sulfur cycle 608 equilibrium fractionation 354 fugacity 234, 256, 390 gold 309 erbium 236 hydrogen 185 ore deposits 451, 529 erosion 579 oxygen 185, 303 Goldschmidt, Victor Moritz 204, 205, 221, error function 134 fusion 435 263, 278, 316, 318 essential nutrients 479 gradient concentration 384 essential structural constituents 265 gadolinium 257 grain boundary 137, 402 europium 236 gallium 257 grain boundary diffusion 136 eutectic 374 gamma emission 219 grain size 567 eutrophic 438 ganm1a ray mapping 546 granites 319, 560 evaporites 80, 129, 170, 289, 603, 613 gamma rays 219 granitic systems 377 evolution 150, 530 garnet 138 batholiths 559 EXAFS 618 gases 59, 143, 256 pegmatites 620 exchange reactions 597 chromatography 100, 259, 498 granulite facies 149, 391, 534 exothermic 624 chromatography/mass spectrometry graphical analysis 505 experimental petrology 133, 581 GC/MS 37 graphite 445 exploration geochemistry 232, 266, 569 hydrate 30 greenhouse effect 59, 143-4, 526 exposure ages 106 seeps 502 greenschist facies 392 exsolution 117, 239, 606 source mass spectrometry 261, 589 greenstone belts 533 volcano 656 groundwater 86, 246, 327, 653, 665 facies 390 GC-IRMS 261 growth mechanisms 406 amphibolite 392 GC-MS-MS 260 growth rate 122, 405 blueschist 392 Geikie, Archibald 319 Gutenberg discontinuity 162 granulite 391 genesis 486 Gy's equation 567 greenschist 392 geoavailability 262 false color composite 545 geobarometry 237, 305, 305 hadrons 194 fermium 245 geo botanical surveys 269 hafnium 312 ferric hydroxide 349 geochemical classification of the half-life 219, 292, 540 ferric iron 348, 351 elements 278 Hall, Sir James 319 ferrimagnetism 380 geochemical cycles 31, 279, 320, 478 halogen 49 ferromagnetism 97, 380 geochemical Earth reference model 163 elements 207 SUBJECT INDEX 707

hardgrove grindability index 95 ice 662 isochron 293, 364, 393, 556 Harker 319 ICP-MS 340 isochron diagrams 558, 564 Haughton, Rev. Samuel 319 ideal gas law 144 isochron technique 525 hazards, volcanic 659 ideal mixture 580 isograds 389 hazards assessment, volcanic 657 ideal solutions 580 isoprene, isoprenoids, isopentenoids, or heat 58, 272 igneous 211, 554 terpenoids 31 heat capacity 58, 133, 226, 230, 254, 273 igneous geochemistry 200 isoprenoids 40, 594 heat flow 131, 146, 533-4 igneous petrogenesis 265 isotones 25 mantle 166 igneous petrology 120 isotopes 25, 159, 219, 277, 280, 540, 631 oceanic 206 igneous processes 420 analysis 623 heat of formation 624 igneous rocks 210, 218, 223, 250, 258, 373 aluminum 160 heat of reaction 624 acidic and basic 4 boron 47 heat of transition 624 andesite 179 carbon 280, 454, 480, 520, 529, 591 heat production 658 ash flow tuff 659 chlorine 80 heat transfer 122, 229, 624 basalt 179, 373, 401 dilution 353 heat-producing elements 208 heat production 209 exchange reactions 327 heavy mineral fractionation 286 neodymium 418 fractionation 68, 354, 454 helium 312 oxygen isotopes 4 71 geochemistry 212 oceanic 173 strontium 600 helium 592 helium isotopes 314, 592 thorium isotopes 633 hydrogen 280, 326, 481, 590 Helmholtz function 233 volcanics 420, 533 hydrogen in meteorites 458 Henry's law 7, 281, 315, 593 uranium dating 651 lead 159 Hermann-Mauguin 114 illite 86 measuring 360 Hess' law 625 images 569 neodymium 166 heterogeneous reactions 78 imaging 544 neon 422 high spin 380 immiscible liquids 378, 606, 637 nitrogen 431 Holmes-Houtermans model 363 impact theory 34 7 oil correlation 443 holmium 322 inclusions 486 organic 261 homogeneous reactions 77 incompatible elements 210, 265, 375, 560 oxygen 280, 397, 469, 480, 483, 589 hopanoids 34, 41 indicator elements 266 partitioning 354 humic coals 39 indirect surface expressions 502 ratio I 00, 293 Hund's rules 379 indium 339 ratio mass spectrometry 67 Hunt, Sterry 317 inductively coupled plasma 340 ratios 364 Huroian Supergroup 529 inert elements 216 seawater 4 72 Hutton 319 inert gases, organic generation 415 soils 432 hydration sphere 4 inertinite 89 stable 261, 280, 301, 303, 431, 449, 454, hydrocarbons 323, 439, 453, 494, 552 Ingamells' equation 567 478, 588 hydrogen 325 inhomogeneous accretion !59 strontium 166, 528 bonding 18, 662 inorganic chemistry 277 sulfur 280, 591 fugacity 185 inorganic gases 571 systems 249 index 552 inosilicates 573 thorium 632 ion 183 instrumental methods 131 tracers 212, 372 isotopes 280, 326, 481, 590 instruments I 08 tungsten 159 hydrologic cycle 330, 583, 665 interatomic distances 345 uranium 645 hydrology 63 interface reaction 122 xenon 672 hydrolysis 596 interfacial surface tension 616 isotopic compositions 343-4, 503 hydrophilic 18 internal energy 233 organic gases 502 hydrophobic 18 interstitial solutions 580 isotopic dating methods 295 hydrosphere 280, 468, 665 interstitial water 333 isotopic dilution 12 sulfur isotopes 611 iodine 341 isotopic evolution 565 hydrostatic equilibrium 143 ion exchange 83, 85 isotopic fractionation 280, 469 hydrostatic pressure 300 ion exchange chromatography 342 isotopic systems 270 hydrothermal activity 249, 250, 577 ion microprobe 343 hydrothermal alteration 331, 369 ionic 187 Jagger, D.A. 319 hydrothermal alteration oxygen ionic bonds 192, 345 Jahn-Teller effects 120, 383 isotopes 4 71 ionic radii 265, 344-5, 446 Joly, John 319 hydrothermal deposits 289 ionic strength 98, 124, 126, 16 juvenile water 330, 333 hydrothermal fluids 167, 169, 310, 497 ionization potential 463 hydrothermal ore deposits 15, 449, 607 iridium 347 Kant, Immanuel 317 hydrothermal petroleum 497 iron 151, 348 kaolinite 86 hydrothermal processes 101, 180 banded formations 352, 526, 529, 533 karst 317 hydrothermal solutions 248, 268, 332-3, ferric 348 Kelvin, William Thomson, Lord 228, 320 445, 605 ferrous 348 kerogens 42, 44, 65, 129, 439, 454, 495, iron 529 hydrothermal solutions 529 501' 535 hydrothermal, strontium 600 ore deposits 451 cracking 499 hydrothermal sulfide 614 sedimentary environments 351 kerogen type 551 hydrothermal systems 298, 405, 487, 653 smokers, black 173 Kidd Creek 450 oceanic 169 weathering 349 kinetics 77, 140, 238, 281, 465 hydrothermal vents 180, 299 iron cycle 350 Kirchhoff, G. 317 hydrous pyrolysis 445 iron metal 586 komatiites 165 hyperfiltration 83 iron meteorites 395, 399 krypton 358 hyperfine field 382 irreversible 229, 274 hyperfine structures 413 island arc 46, 179, 146, 658 lakes 667 hypogene 337, 615 isobars 25 LANDSAT imagery 503 708 SUBJECT INDEX lanthanide contraction 211, 564 mixing 378 alkali 198 lanthanides 212 unmixing 378 alkaline earth 51 lanthanum 360 magma compositions 533 metamorphic 136, 200, 389, 554 lanthanum-serium system 212 magma formation 420, 651 sulfur isotopes 613 laser ablation 67 magma systems 606 metamorphic cycle 138 laser ablation-inductively coupled magmatic accretion 146 metamorphic facies 389-91 plasma-mass spectrometry 360 magmatic crystallization 405 blueschist 392 latent heat 661 magmatic differentiation 250 metamorphic fluids 333 lattices, Bravais 114 magmatic fluids 299, 614 metamorphic processes 136 Laue, Max von 318 magmatic immiscibility 251 metamorphic recrystallization 248 lava 373 magmatic ore deposits 448 metamorphic rocks 139-40, 225 Lavoisier 317 magmatic processes 179, 248, 373, 633 carbon isotopes 71 lawrencium 362 magnesium 379 contact 389, 568 layered convection 161 magnetic moments 379, 414 oxygen isotopes 471 layered mafic intrusions 606 nuclear 382 regional 389 leaching reaction 578 reversals 298 metamorphic shock 389 lead 362, 648 magnetic transition temperatures 627 metamorphism 558 anomalous 366 magnetism 151, 379, 414 metasomatism 167, 248, 392, 450 common 363 magnetization depositional remnant meteoric crater 299 geochemical tracer 366 DRM 382 meteoric water 333, 471, 590, 667 growth history 363 magnetization thermoremnant TRM 382 meteorites 103, 151, 156, 201, 365, 395, isotopes 159 Magnus, Albertus 316 458, 548 oceanic 175 major elements 489, 671 achondrites 395-7 primary growth curve 365 manganese 382 carbon isotopes 69 stable isotopes 363 manganese ore deposits 451, 633 carbonaceous chondrites 153, 396-7, 458 terrestrial common 365 mantle 277, 558, 565 chondrites 102, 395 lead-zinc ore deposits 450 carbon dioxide 167 stony 395 leptons 194 carbon isotopes 70 stony-iron 398 Lesley, Joseph Peter 318 composition 160 history of 320 Lewis acid 2, 3 depleted 560 iron 395, 399 Lewis acid-base 99 Earth 205, 238 organic matter in 455, 458 Lewis, G.N. 592 heat flow 166 oxygen isotopes 471 life 58 melting 150 methane 30, 328, 415, 494, 504 ligand exchange 616, 669 marine 62 micro-Raman spectroscopy 400 ligand field splitting 379 marine carbonates 528 microanalysis 488, 617 ligand field theory 118-9 strontium isotopes 604 microbial 31 ligands 3, 76, 99, 310, 449, 521 marine evaporation 665 microfossils 530, 535 limestone 51, 65, 73, 128, 317 marine evaporite 612 microorganisms 668 strontium 603 marine organic geochemistry 454 microprobe electron 190 line defects 402 marine paleotemperatures 482 microwave techniques 546 lipids 33, 453, 460 marine sediments 40, 74, 342, 594 mid-ocean ridge basalt MORB 202, 374, lipid class 593 mass balance oceanic 169 401, 549, 559, 658 lipids eubacteria and archebacteria 368 mass number 25 mid-ocean ridges 161, 163, 179, 289 liptinite exinite 89 mass relations 277 migmatites 391 liquation 448 mass relations, Earth 278 mineral assemblages 190, 306, 389, 505 liquid 110 mass spectrometry 12, 14, 100, 259, 340, mineral defects 401 immiscible 378 343, 353, 541, 588 mineral deposit 533 water 663 mass transfer 79, 122, 152, 256, 384, 391 mineral dissolution 668 diffusion 13 7 mass transport 98 mineral equilibria 306 liquidus 373 mass-balance 180 mineral exploration 266 lithium 369 massive sulfide 299, 365, 448, 450 mineral formation 410, 486 lithophile 29, 51, 211, 263 matter transport 389 mineral genesis 404 elements 214 maturation 96 mineral isochron 651 lithophile trace elements 214 Maxwell relation 275 mineral phases 485 lithophilic 28 Medeleev, D.I. 317 mineral physics 238 lithosphere 162-3, 549 melt extraction 158 mineral polytypism 303 low spin 380 melting processes 205, 373, 489 mineral surfaces 248, 616-7 low temperature fluids 310 batch 374 mineral synthesis 239 low-Mg calcite shells 482 fractional 374 mineral zoning 485 low-velocity zone 162-3 partial 373 mineralization 298 lower crust 3 74 membrane 85 mineralogical composition 567 luminescence 370 mendelevium 387 mineralogy 110, 409 lunar evolution 372 menthyl, oceanic 172 mineralogy, crust 149 lunar rocks 566 mercury 387-8 mineralogy, experimental 237 lutetium 371 mesons 195 minerals 344, 345, 447, 573 lutetium-hafnium decay system 212, 372 mesothermal vein deposits 577 catalytic properties 617 Lyell, Charles 319 metagenesis 92, 496 tungsten-bearing 646 metal-loving elements 221 mineral-melt system 489 maceral classification, coal 87 metal ores 615 miscibility gaps 241 maceral groups 87, 96 metaljsilicate coefficients 159 Mississippi Valley deposit 450 macromolecules 42, 454 metallic core 151 mixing 245 mafic volcanic rocks, sulfur isotopes 613 metallic Earth 154 mixture, ideal 580 magma 163, 373, 385, 404, 637, 658 metalliferous 282, 289 modal melting, fractional 376 intrusive 557 metals 447 model, chemical 237 SUBJECT INDEX 709 model ages 293, 564 nuclides 25, 102 organic complexes 543 neodymium 419 stable 588 organic degradation 91 MohoroviCic discontinuity 145, 162, 180 nutrients 170, 437, 479 organic facies 439 molar relationship 596 organic geochemical 593 mole 23 ocean 73, 168, 330 organic geochemistry 453, 496 molecular fossils 31, 368 thorium 633 organic ligands 10, 669 molecular orbital theory 113 ocean circulation 62 organic liquids 76 molecular orbitals 662 Ocean Drilling Program 570 organic matter 178, 341, 359, 368, 415, molecular species, analysis 400 ocean island basalt 559 442, 455, 519, 551, 593 mollusk shell 481 ocean sediments 248 fossils 456 molybdenum 411, 450, 549 ocean waters 54, 480, 665 meteorites 458 moments, magnetic 379 carbon isotopes 70 Precambrian 535 Mossbauer spectroscopy 381, 413 oxygen 472 sources 594 Morin temperature 381 standard mean 326 organic sediment 490 Moseley, H.G.J. 318 oceanic 206 organic solids 445 mudflows 659 basalts 566 organically-bound sulfur 613 multichannel analyzer 109 barium 175 orientation survey 568 multicomponent solutions 581 cadmium 173 origin of elements 434 carbon dioxide 17 6 orogenic belts 389 native elements 218, 604 conductivity 169 orogenies 298 natural gas 323, 328, 415, 496 crusts 179, 278, 379, 560, 658 osmium 159, 461, 548 natural gas formation 359 crust, petrology 179 osmosis 83 natural reactor 444 germanium 171 osmotic coefficient 7 natural resources 416 heat flow 206 Ostwald ripening 122, 616 near-surface processes 615 helium 173 oxidation-reduction 17, 183, 281, 462 Nee! temperature 381 hydrothermal systems 169 oxidation states 489 negative thermal ionization mass island basalts 164, 313 oxides 345 spectrometry 548 lead 175 oxyatmoversion 529 neodymium 418, 421 mass balance 169 oxygen 467 igneous rocks 418 menthyl 172 fugacity 185, 303 isotopes 166 phosphate 171-2 pH effects 612 model ages 419 radioactive tracers 17 4 oxygen index 552 sedimentary rocks 421 oxygen isotopes 280, 397, 469, 480, 483, neon 422 radium 175 radon 175 589 neptunium 423 ozone 144, 467 N ernst eq nation 184, 281, 464 seawater 16, 54, 86, 202, 206, 227, 334, nesosilicates 573 560-1 neutron activation analysis 424, 540 selenium 173 paleo-sea surface temperature neutron capture I 04, 106 thorium 174 estimations 4 75 neutron number 25 trace elements 171 paleoclimates 475 nickel 151, 425, 448 uniformatarianism, chemical 169 paleoclimatic indicators 476, 526, 652 ore deposits 452 upwelling 171 paleoenvironment 40, 75, 439, 477, 595 Nier, A.O. 320 uranium 174 paleomagnetic 379 niobium 426 stockwork 180 paleoproductivity 479 nitrate 170 sulfate 612 paleosols 530, 533 nitrite 170 oceans 54, 66, 326 paleotemperature 470, 480, 590 nitrogen 426 octahedral 119 continental 481 cycle 428 oil, correlation 442 palladium 484 ecosystem 429 oil-oil correlation 443 parabolic reaction law 122 fixation 429 oil, source rock 442 paragenesis 485, 574 isotopes 431 oil seeps 441, 502 paramagnetic 379 oceanic 170 oil shales 440-1 partial melting 160, 165, 565, 658 oxidation state 430 Oklo natural nuclear reactor 444 partial pressures 256 nobelium 434 oldest dated minerals 161 particle effect 567 noble gas 18, 422 oligotrophic 438 particle size 98, 568 elements 216 Onuma diagrams 446, 638 particle-induced X-ray emission PIXE 488 history 217 opal 574 particulate organic matter POM 460 noble metals 218 ophiolites 179, 181, 449 partition coefficients 159, 211, 221, 378, non-destructive analysis 488 orbitals 118, 491, 539 446, 489, 637 non-equilibrium features 139 ore deposits 225, 232, 248, 266, 309, 332, partitioning 214, 222, 281 Noril'sk-Talnakh 448 337, 365, 447-8, 485, 533, 577, 606, pathfinder elements 267 nuclear fission 444, 540 619 Pauling Ill nuclear magnetic momentum 382 epithermal 336 Pauling's rules Ill nuclear reactions 189 platinum-group 449 pe 173 nuclear reactors 444 ore haloes 268 Pearson's rule 4 nuclear, waste containment 445 ore minerals 371 peat 88, 92, 96, 440, 490 nucleation 79, 120, 405, 407 ore processing, molybdenum 412 pegmatite 248, 268 nucleation kinetics 141 organic 129, 280 peridotite 152, 158, 374 nuclei 25 allochthonous 460, peridotite nodules 559 nucleophile 3 contemporary degradation and Periodic Table 491 nucleosynthesis 434 preservation 458 permeability 85 nucleosynthetic 103 sources 460 petrogenesis 165, 421, 525, 565, 569 nucleus 193 organic acids, chelates 77 petrogenetic grids 237 atomic 539 organic carbon 368, 494 petrography, organic 87 710 SUBJECT INDEX

petroleum 36, 323, 359, 440-2, 453, 494, potassium-calcium decay system 202, 525 rate-controlling factor 139 535, 570 potential energy 273 rates 77 biodegradation 498 praseodymium 526 Rayleigh law 376 exploration 31, 455, 496, 551 Precambrian 296-7 Rayleigh scattering 400 expulsion 50 I atmosphere 526 reaction kinetics 248, 499 generation potential 500 geochemistry 532 reactions, irreversible 185 hydrothermal 497 organic matter 535 reactive transport 249 kinetic modeling 499 precious metals 218 reactivity of a material 627 primary migration 500 precipitation I, 17, 129, 140, 583 Reade, T. Mellard 319 surface geochemistry 502 atmospheric 661 recrystallization 127, 389 types, occurrence and reserves 504 precipitation kinetics 56 Redlich-Kister model 581 petroleums, chelates 77 pressure 272 redox reactions 17, 183, 459, 462 petrology, experimental 237, 270 pressure solution 137 reef coral-algae 73 petrology, history of 319 pressure-temperature diagrams 507 reference standards 269 petrology, oceanic crust 179 primary age 557 reflected light microscopy, coal 87 petrology, studies 270 pnmary magmas 181, 376 refractory elements 81, 152, 211, 263 pH 3, 9, 183, 281 primitive mantle 151 regional metamorphic rocks 389 Phanerozoic 296, 532 primordial abundances 364 remote sensing 503, 544 phase 409, 505 primordial nucleosynthesis 435 reserves 416 phase changes 274, 616 primordial Sr 558 reservoir 420 phase diagrams 133, 242, 303, 581, 584-6 primordial volatiles 314 resin 342 phase equilibria 82, 237, 270, 306, 505, 627 production index 552 resources 416 phase rule 506 prokaryotes 368 natural 447 phase transformations 116, 131, 624 promethium 537 Retgers' rule 581 phase transition, continuous 117 propylitic, alteration 332 Revelle factor 66 phase transition, discontinuous 117 prospecting 266 reverse osmosis 83 phosphate 479 protactinium 537 reversible 229, 274 oceanic 171-2 proteins 460 revolutions, geochemical 321 phosphorus 166, 516 Proterozoic 297, 527, 533 Reynolds number 385 photomultiplier tubes 109 proton capture 436 rhenium 547 photosynthesis 66, 69 provenance ages 524 rhenium-osmium dating method 547 photosynthetic layer 170 provenance effects,sedimentary 286, 558 rheology 238 photosynthetic microorganisms 531 provenance studies 422 rhodium 550 phyllosilicates 573 pyrogram 554 rivers 667 phytoplankton 477 pyrolysis 259, 359, 455, 552 Robinson, Sir Robert 318 pigments 519 rocks 554 Pitzer's model 584 quantum numbers 491, 539 uranium distribution 646 placer 309 quarks 194 weathered 578 planar defects 402 quartz glow curve 629 rock-eva! pyrolysis 304, 551 planetary accretion 154 rotational symmetry 113 planetary compositions I 51 racah parameter I 19 rubidium 202, 555 planetary differentiation 151 racemization rates 456 rubidium-strontium 202, 556 planetary evolution 565 radar imaging 546 ruthenium 561 plant debris 456 radiation electromagnetic 370 plate boundaries 206 radioactive I 55, 196, 522 Sahama, T.G. 318 convergent 299 constants 648 salinity 169, 334 divergent 299 decay 105, 124, 189, 313, 556 salt 317 plate tectonic processes 146, 279 disequilibria 650 salt dome 604 platinum 516 elements 219 samarium 563 platinum group, elements 218, 347, 461, families 648 samarium-neodymium system 212, 563 484, 550, 561 tracers 639 sampling 567 platinum group, ore deposits 449 oceanic I 74 sandstones 128 plumbotectonics 366 radioactivity 189, 540 Sangaredi 452 plutonium 5 I 7 history 219, 319 sapropels 44 point defect 238, 402-3 radiocarbon 105, I 75 saturated hydrocarbon 494 point groups 115 radiochemical tracers I 97 saturated solution 583 poising capacity 183 radiochronology 197 saturation 121 polarity 298 radiogenic isotopes 165 scandium 569 pollutant 86 radioisotopes 292 scanning calorimetry 131 polonium 518 radiometric dating methods 292 scanning electron microscope 569 polyhedra 346 radiotracer 61 scheelite 643 polymorphism 116 radium 541 Schmidt number 386 polymorphs 574 oceanic 175 Schreinemakers' method 510 pore water 495 radon 203, 542 sea floor spreading 40 I porosity 129 oceanic 175 seawater 16, 54, 86, 202, 206, 277, 334, porphyrins 77, 495, 519 rainwater 667 560-1 copper 450 Raman effect 400 carbon isotopes 71 copper deposits 335, 577 Rankama, K. 318 mixing times 566 molybdenum deposits 412 Raoult's law 7, 580 salinity 480 positron decay 189, 540 rapid neutron capture process 436 strontium isotopes 604 potassic, alteration 332 rare earth element tetrad effect 543 thorium 633 potassium 202, 209, 522 rare earth elements 147, 164, 211, 286-7, secondary ionization mass potassium-argon dating method 19, 202, 295, 371, 492, 563, 638 spectrometry 67, 343, 548 522 rate curve 597 sector zoning 408 SUBJECT INDEX 711

Sederholm, J.J. 319 solubility 238, 315, 349, 583 structure of water 661 sedimentary fluids 570 solubility products 584 subatomic 193 sedimentary lithosphere 280 solute 187 subduction 146, 161, 165, 206, 238, 334, sedimentary rocks 126, 140-1, 225, 290, solution chemistry 574 374, 378, 421 359, 472, 494, 554 solution model partitioning 637 lithosphere 150 carbon isotopes 70 solution reactions 624 oceanic plates 152 chronology 633 solutions 187, 235, 239, 276, 309 sublimation process 663 environments 141 dilute 315 substitution 85 neodymium 421 solid 303 Sudbury 448 reservoirs 284 solvent 16 sulfate 570 shale 84, 128, 149, 287 solvus thermobarometry 242 minerals 603 sorting 286 sorb 85 reduction 185, 603 strontium 603 sorption 101 sulfide mineralizations 258 sulfur 611 sorting, sedimentary 286 sulfides 5, 15, 204, 346, 448, 547, 605 sedimentation age 290 source rock 453, 478, 495 massive, sulfides in mafic and ultramafic sedimentation rates 652 space groups 115 magmas 606 sedimentology 90 spallation 104 sulfosalt minerals 15, 607 sediments 215, 282, 324, 458, 478 spatial resolution 360 sulfur 454, 608 calcareous marine 66 spectral transmission 544 cycle 591, 608 deep sea 289 spectrophotometry 587 fractionation factors 611 siliceous 288 spectroscopy, standard terms 588 isotope fractionation 611 seismic data 151 spherules, sulfides 606 isotopes 280, 591, 610 seismic models 147 spin 539 isotopic 170 seismic velocity discontinuities 162 spin-pairing 120 supercooling 405 seismic waves 151, 153, 156 spiral growth 407, 407 supercritical fluid 664 seismological profile !51 spot tests 11 supergene 308, 310, 615 selenium 571 spreading centers 179 supernova 156, 436 oceanic 173 spreading ridges 179, 180 supersaturation 407 SEM 569 stability relations 82, 465 surface charge 98 semiconductive 308 stable isotopes 105, 261, 280, 301, 303, surface environments 603 semimetals 43 431, 449, 469, 478, 483, 588, 656 surface exposure dating 423 sequence, paragenetic 485 carbon 67, 70, 280, 480, 520, 529-30, surface free energy 403 sericitic, alteration 332 536, 591 surface geochemistry 616 sesquiterpenoid 33 hydrogen 280, 326, 481, 590 surface prospecting 502 shallow waters 300 nitrogen 431 surface temperatures 143, 528 shear rate 630 oxygen 280, 397, 469, 480, 483, 589 surface waters 1, 299, 667 Sherwood number 386 strontium 604 surface waters and groundwaters 8 shields 534 sulfur 610 surface-controlled dissolution 668 shock metamorphism 389 stable nuclei 589 surfaces, mineral 185 siderophile 218, 221, 263 standard hydrogen electrode 183 symmetry 110, 409 silica 575 standard oxidation-reduction symmetry operations 114 solubility of 575 potentials 464 synchrotron X-ray fluorescence 617 silicate 112, 214, 411 standard states 592 syndiagenesis 26 silicate melt 210, 637 stars 103 syngenesis 232, 618 silicates 112 statistical thermodynamics 231 system 505 diffusion 136 stellar nucleosynthesis 435 siliceous sediments 286 Stelzner, Alfred Wilhelm 320 tantalum 620 silicon 215 stereochemistry Ill tar balls 441 silica 572 steroidal compounds 40, 593 technetium 621 silver 576 sterols 35 techniques 105 Sina, Ali Ibn 316 structural types 594 tectonic environments 374, 533 sionic radius 222 stockwork 450 tectonic history 24 7 skarn formation 332 oceanic crust 180 tectonic models 14 7 skarns 248, 450, 577 stoichiometry 595 tectonic processes 270, 660 slow neutron capture 436 Stokes' shift 371 tectonic regime 531 smectites 84, 86 Stommel, Henry 317 tectonic studies 524 Smith, Lawrence 320 stony meteorites 395 tectosilicates 573 sodium 578 stony-iron meteorites 398 tellurium 216, 621 soil I, 17, 215, 225, 248, 267, 268, 543, Strabo 316 telogenesis 92 578, 667, 668 strain energy 403 Temkin's law 580 soil anomalies 268 stratabound massive sulfide ores 365, 619 temperature 272, 303 soil chemistry 278 Mississippi Valley 450 closure 137 isotopes 432 stratigraphic code 298 critical 380 soil profiles I 07 stratigraphy 71 temperature estimator 475 zinc 674 oxygen isotopic 471 temperature gradient 390 soil-gas content 502 stromatolites 529-30 terbium 622 solar 103 strontium 598 Termier, Genevieve 320 abundances of nuclides 437 biotic 601 ternary systems 509 composition 205 dolostone 603 terpenoids 33 nebula 156 igneous rocks 599 terrigenous sediments 282-3 system 204 isotopes 166, 528, 591 tetrahedral coordination 572 solid solutions 117, 242, 276, 303, 306, 580 limestone 603 thallium 622 solidus 373 sedimentary rocks 600, 603 thermal alteration 535, 552 Sollas, W.J. 320 structure, crystal 113 thermal cracking 30, 415, 501 712 SUBJECT INDEX

thermal desorption 259 tree rings 70 Waals, Van der 583 thermal diffusion 390 triterpenoids 34, 40 waste containment nuclear 445 thermal history 117, 246 tritium 173, 175, 639 water 16, 183, 187, 232, 250, 277, 356, 660 thermal ionization mass spectrometry 623 Tschermak, Gustaf 319 composition 667 thermal maturity 32, 36, 359, 551, 552 tungsten !55, 639 connate 334 thermochemistry 624 isotopes 159 cycle 279, 330 history of 319 ore deposits 450 dielectric property 662 thermocouples 626 turbidites 287 fresh 326, 667 thermodynamics 126, 133, 183, 187, 226-7, ground 52 232, 253, 271, 308, 505, 580 ultramafic nodules 560 interstitial 333 Clapeyron's equation 82 undercooling 121 juvenile 330, 334 Debye-Hiickel equation 124 underplating 146, 374 liquid 663 factors 389 unification forces 195 magmatic 334 laws 272 uniformatarianism, chemical, oceanic 169 metamorphic 334 modeling 281 unit cells II 0, 670 meteoric 54, 334, 667 properties 110, 118 univariant curves 510 ocean 54 reaction 354 univariant reactions 510 structure of 661 work in 275 unsaturation levels 475 surface 54 thermogravimetry 626 upwelling oceanic I 71 vapor 526, 663 thermoluminescence 370, 628 uranium 209, 246, 630 water-rock interactions 52, 248, 299 thermomagnetometry 626 decay series 651 wave velocities !53 thermometer 272 distribution 646 wavelength 190 thermoremnant magnetization TRM 382 isotopes 645 weathering I, 17, 201, 278, 283, 574, 667 thixotropy 630 oceanic 174 chemical 569, 665, 668-9 tholeiites 166, 179, 374, 401 ore deposits 444, 451, 503, 529 mechanical 665 thorium 209, 630, 648 series disequilibria 650 profiles 530, 578 oceanic 174 uranium-lead thorium-lead decay Werner 319 three-component systems 509 system 648 wet chemistry 12, 14 thrust blocks 665 Usiglio, J. 317 Witwatersrand 529 thrust faulting 84 wolframite 643 thulium 635 valence electron 191 Wollaston, William Henry 317 time 124 valence states 446, 462, 491 work (thermodynamics) 275 time geologic 292 Van der Waals force 98, 655 TIMS 623 Van Krevelen diagram 496 X-ray tin 635 vanadium 448, 656 beams, high intensity 617 granite 268 vapor 110 diffraction I 08, 670 ore deposits 449 water 663 diffractometry 131 titanium 166, 448, 636 phase 377 emissions 570 topology, bond 113 variance 506 fluorescence 12, 14, 670 total dissolved solids 570 Vegard's rule 581 spectrometric analyses 108, 190, 618 total organic carbon 439, 551 veins 248, 309, 451 XANES 618 trace activity coefficient 7 Vernadsky, Vladimir Ivanovitch 316, 318 xenoliths 164 trace element analysis 424, 488 vibrational absorption 545 xenon 671 trace elements 29, 21 J, 222, 375-6, 446, Vinogradov, Alexandr Pavlovich 318 489, 606, 671 viscosity 630 ytterbium 673 oceanic 171 Visman's equation 567 yttrium 673 tracer diffusion 390 vitrinite 89 tracers, thorium used 632 reflectance 36, 129, 304, 501 zaf matrix correction 191 transfer of energy 272 volatile 152, 205, 263, 656 zinc 674 transition metals 50, 81, 97, 119, 196, 223, volcanic gases 70, 656 ore deposits 450 268, 379, 491 volcanic hazards 659 soil profile 674 elemental abundances 224 assessment 657 zirconium 675 ionic radii 224 volcanic rocks 420, 533, 658-9 zirconology 650 transition state theory 78 andesite 179 zircons 286, 372, 650 transition zone 163 ash flow tuff 659 found as inclusions 161 translational symmetry 115 basalt 179, 373, 401 zoned phenocrysts 378 transmission electron microscopy 141 mid ocean ridge 289 zoning 135, 486 tree cellulose 481 uranium dating 651 zoning profiles 138 Kluwer Academic Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series

Previous Volumes in the Series (currently in print) C.W. Finkl: Encyclopedia ofApplied Geology ISBN 0-442-22537-7

J.E. Oliver & R.W. Fairbridge: Encyclopedia of Climatology ISBN 0-87933-009-0

C.W. Finkl: Encyclopedia of Field and General Geology ISBN 0-442-22499-0

D.R. Bowes: Encyclopedia of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology ISBN 0-442-20623-2

D.E. James: Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics ISBN 0-442-24366-9

J.H. Shirley & R.W. Fairbridge: Encyclopedia of Planetary Sciences ISBN 0-412-06951-2

E.M. Moores & R.W. Fairbridge: Encyclopedia of European & Asian Regional Geology ISBN 0-412-74040-0

R.W. Herschy & R.W. Fairbridge: Encyclopedia of Hydrology and Water Resources ISBN 0-412-74060-5

D.E. Alexander & R.W. Fairbridge: Encyclopedia of Environmental Science ISBN 0-412-74050-8

C.P. Marshall & R.W. Fairbridge: Encyclopedia of Geochemistry ISBN 0-412-75500-9

New and Forthcoming Volumes C.W. Finkl: Encyclopedia of Soil Science and Technology, 2nd Edition

J. Gerrard & R.W. Fairbridge: Encyclopedia of Geomorphology

J. Gerrard & R.W. Fairbridge: Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science

M. Schwartz: Encyclopedia of Coastal Science