Appendix A List of entries by subject This appendix consists of 9 tables, containing titles of main Geothermometry and geobarometry articles and related entries for the the following general sub­ Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) jects: Analytical Techniques; Chemical Grouping of the Ion exchange chromatography Elements; Earth; Geochemical Thermodynamics; Geochemical Ion microprobe Exploration, Hydrological and Hydrothermal Regimes; Isotope dilution Geochemical Groupings of the Elements; Geochemistry and Isotope fractionation Geochemical Cycles; Organic Geochemistry; Phase Equilibria Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and Mineralogy. (LA-ICP-MS) Luminescence Micro-Raman spectrometry Table AA 1. Analytical Techniques Neutron activation analysis (NAA) Particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) Remote sensing Analysis: field methods Rock-Eva! pyrolysis Analytical geochemistry Sampling Analytical techniques Scanning electron microscope (SEM) Atomic absorption Compound-specific isotope GC-MS Spectrophotometry Synchrotron X-ray analysis Counters Thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) Thermogravimetry Dating Methods Thermoluminescence 40Ar-39 Ar dating method X-ray diffraction (XRD) Carbon-14 dating and other applications X-ray fluorescence ( XRF) Fission track analysis Lutetium-hafnium decay system Potassium-argon dating method Potassium-calcium decay system Table AA2. Chemical Grouping of the Elements Rhenium-osmium dating method (each in alphabetical order) Rubidium strontium method Samarium-neodymium Uranium series disequilibria Elements: Actinide series Uranium-lead thorium-lead decay system Actinium, americium, berkelium, californium, curium, einstei­ nium, fermium, lawrencium, mendelevium, neptunium, nobel­ Differential thermal analysis and scanning calorimetry ium, plutonium, protactinium, thorium, uranium Electron microprobe Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) Gas source mass spectrometry Elements: Alkali and alkaline earth Geochemical reference materials Barium, beryllium, calcium, cesium, francium, lithium, magne­ Geothermometers sium, potassium, radium, rubidium, sodium, strontium APPENDIX A LIST OF ENTRIES BY SUBJECT 677 Elements: Halogens Earth's mantle geochemistry Bromine, chlorine, fluorine, (hydrogen), iodine Black shales and sapropels Carbonate sediments Elements: Lanthanide series, rare earths Geochemistry of sediments Neodymium in sedimentary rocks Cerium, dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, holmium, Oil shales lanthanum, lutetium, neodymium, praseodymium, prome­ Soils thium, samarium, terbium, thulium, ytterbium Strontium in sedimentary rocks Elements: Metalloids Earth's oceanic crust Aluminum, antimony, arsenic, astatine, bismuth, boron, Mid ocean ridge basalts (MORB) carbon, gallium, germanium, indium, lead, polonium, sele­ nium, silicon, silica, sulfur, tellurium, thallium, tin Magmatic processes Elements: Noble gases Mid ocean ridge basalts (MORB) Argon, helium, krypton, neon, radon, xenon Neodymium in igneous rocks Strontium in igneous rocks Sulfides in mafic and ultramafic rocks Elements: Transitional Volcanic gases Cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gold, hafnium, iridium, Volcanism iron, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, osmium, palladium, platinum, rhenium, rhodium, ruthenium, scandium, silver, tantalum, technetium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, yttrium, zinc, zirconium Table AA4. 'Geochemical Thermodynamics Activation energy, activation enthalpy, activation volume Activity and activity coefficients Table AA3. Earth Calorimetry Clapeyron's equation Earth's atmosphere Debye-Huckel equation Biogenic methane and gas hydrates Enthalpy Elements: Noble gases Entropy Laboratory simulations of oil and natural gas formation Equilibrium Natural gas Equilibrium constant Precambrian atmosphere Fick's laws Volcanic gases Geochemical thermodynamics Gibbs-Duhem equation Henry's law Earth's continental crust Thermochemistry Metamorphic environments: Chemical mobility Precambrian geochemistry Rocks Table AA5. Geochemical Exploration, Hydrological Earth's core geochemistry and Hydrothermal Regimes Earth's formation and geochemical evolution Acid deposition Acids and bases Elements: Distribution Aqueous solutions Geochemical tectonics Authigenesis Chelation Earth's ocean geochemistry Diagenesis Biopolymers and macromolecules Dolomite and dolomitization Calcium carbonate and the carbonic acid systems Eh-pH relations Carbonate compensation depth Epigenesis Nutrients Fluid rock interactions Paleo-sea surface temperature estimation Fluids in volcanic and plutonic environments: evidence from Paleoenvironments fluid inclusions Paleoproductivity Geochemical exploration Paleotemperatures Geochemistry: Low temperature Sulfate reduction Geothermal systems 678 APPENDIX A LIST OF ENTRIES BY SUBJECT Hydrothermal alteration Hydrothermal solutions Table AA8. Organic Geochemistry Hypogene Metamorphic environments: chemical mobility Biogeochemistry Natural resources Biopolymers and macromolecules Oklo natural nuclear reactor Black shales and sapropels Ore deposits Compound-specific isotope GC-MS Oxidation-reduction Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) Paragenesis Hydrocarbons Sedimentary fluids Lipids (eubacteria and archaebacteria) Soil Oil shales Supergene Occurrence of organic facies Surface geochemistry Organic geochemistry Syngenesis Organics: Sources and depositional environments Thixotropy Organics: Contemporary degradation and preservation Water Porphyrins Water: Fresh Precambrian organic matter Weathering: Chemical Rock-Eva! pyrolysis Steroidal compounds Chemical fossils Table AA6. Geochemical Groupings of the Biomarker: Aliphatic Elements Biomarker: Aromatic Biomarker: Assessment of thermal maturity Geochemical classification of the elements Biomarker: Coals Elements: Chalcophile Biomarker: Higher plant Elements: Distribution Biomarker: Lipid Elements: Heat producing Coals Elements: High field strength Coal: Organic petrography Elements: Incompatible Coal: Origin and diagenesis Elements: Lithophile Coal: Types and characteristics Elements: Large ion lithophile Coal: Vitrinite reflectance and maturity assessment Elements: Platinum group Petroleum Elements: Siderophile Petroleum Oil-oil and oil-source rock correlation Elements: Radioactive Oil seeps and coastal bitumens Cosmogenic nuclides Petroleum: Hydrothermal Elementary particles Petroleum: In-reservoir biodegradation Geochronology and radioisotopes Petroleum: Kinetic modeling Geologic time scale Petroleum: Primary migration Nucleosynthesis Petroleum: Surface geochemistry Radioactivity Petroleum: Types, occurrence and reserves Tritium Elements: Trace Natural gas Onuma diagrams Biogenic methane and gas hydrates Partition coefficients Laboratory simulations of oil and natural gas formation Rare earth element tetrad effect Trace element partitioning models Table AA9. Phase Equilibria and Mineralogy Critical points Table AA7. Geochemistry and Geochemical Cycles Crystal chemistry Crystal field theory Carbon cycle Crystal growth Geochemistry Diffusion History of geochemistry Electronegativity Hydrologic cycle Experimental mineralogy and petrology Nitrogen cycle Exsolution Sulfur cycle Fugacity APPENDIX A LIST OF ENTRIES BY SUBJECT 679 Ionic radii Mi:issbauer spectroscopy Magnetism Phase equilibria Mass transfer Solid solution Mineral defects Surface geochemistry Mineral genesis Vander Waals force Appendix B Alphabetical list of the chemical elements (up to 1 03) Name Symbol No. Goldschmidt Family Group Discovered Actinium Ac 89 decay product actinide IIIB 1889 Aluminum AI 13 lithophile metalloid IliA 1827 Americium Am 95 artificial actinide IIIB 1944 Antimony Sb 51 chalcophile metalloid VA antiquity Argon Ar 18 atmophile noble gas VIII A 1894 Arsenic As 33 chalcophile (siderophile) metalloid VA antiquity Astatine At 85 artificial halogen VIlA 1940 Barium Ba 56 lithophile alkaline earth IIA 1808 Berkelium Bk 97 artificial actinide IIIB 1949 Beryllium Be 4 lithophile alkaline earth IIA 1798 Bismuth Bi 83 chalcophile metalloid VA 1753 Boron B 5 lithophile metalloid IliA 1808 Bromine Br 35 lithophile (atmophile) halogen VIlA 1826 Cadmium Cd 48 chalcophile transition metal liB 1817 Calcium Ca 20 lithophile alkaline earth IIA 1808 Californium Cf 98 artificial actinide IIIB 1950 Carbon c 6 siderophile (lithophile, atmophile) metalloid IVA antiquity Cerium Ce 58 lithophile lanthanide IIIB 1803 Cesium Cs 55 lithophile alkali lA 1860 Chlorine Cl 17 lithophile (atmophile) halogen VIlA 1774 Chromium Cr 24 lithophile transition metal VIB 1797 Cobalt Co 27 siderophile transition metal VIIIB 1735 Copper Cu 29 chalcophi1e transition metal IB antiquity Curium Cm 96 artificial actinide IIIB 1944 Dysprosium Dy 66 lithophile lanthanide IIIB 1886 Einsteinium Es 99 artificial actinide IIIB 1952 Erbium Er 68 lithophile lanthanide IIIB 1843 Europium Eu 63 lithophile lanthanide IIIB 1896 Fermium Fm 100 artificial actinide IIIB 1953 Fluorine F 9 lithophile (atmophile) halogen VIlA 1886 Francium Fr 87 decay product alkali lA 1939 Gadolinium Gd 64 lithophile lanthanide IIIB 1880 Gallium Ga 31 chalcophile (lithophile) metalloid IliA 1857 Germanium Ge 32 siderophile (chalcophile, lithophile) metalloid IVA 1886 Gold Au 79 siderophile (chalcophile) transition metal IB antiquity Hafnium Hf 72 lithophile transition metal IVB 1923 Helium He 2 atmophile noble gas VIII A 1868 APPENDIX B LIST OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS 681 Name Symbol No. Goldschmidt Family Group Discovered Holmium Ho 67 lithophile lanthanide IIIB 1878 Hydrogen H 1 atmophile