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Volume 23, No. 2 DIALOGUE Dialogue—Fall, 2008

The Official Newsletter of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology Chris Crandall & Monica Biernat, Co-Editors Anticipating Tampa and Gasparilla: th Inside the SPSP’s 10 Annual Meeting in 2009 Current Issue: By Jeff Simpson, Wendi Gardner, renowned Florida Aquarium. Information on these local attractions can be found on the & Sam Gosling News from the Executive 2, conference website (see www.spspmeeting.org). Committee; APA Council 25

The 2009 SPSP conference will be held in On the afternoon of Saturday, February 7, Comings and Goings 4 warm and sunny Tampa, Florida, on February Gasparilla—Tampa’s version of Mardi 6, 7, 5-7. With daytime temperatures in the low 70s Gras—will take place on the streets right Committee News: DCC, 29, in February, Tampa will offer warm ocean outside the Convention Center! At Publications, GSC, Training 34 breezes as well as vibrant local shops, cafes, approximately 1:00 pm, a pirate ship full of and restaurants, all within walking distance of buccaneers will dock outside the Convention New Initiatives: SPSP 8, 31 scenic Tampa Bay. This year, the Convention Center, a bounty of “pirates” will disembark, Connections; New Journal Committee placed an emphasis on hotels that and a Mardi Gras-style parade and party will Goldberg on Personality 9, were clustered within walking distance or a ensue down the boulevards that boarder the 43 short tram ride to the Tampa Convention Sedikides on Convention Center. Gasparilla is a Bouncebackability Center, which will be one of the finest that longstanding and venerable tradition in SPSP has ever experienced. Tampa. We are lucky to be visiting the city 10 Open Access and Self- during one of the most festive and colorful Archiving Articles The Tampa Convention Center is located right events in the southeastern part of our country. along the shores of Tampa Bay near the heart Barrett’s Congressional 12 of downtown Tampa. There is a wide Similar to previous years, several excellent Testimony assortment of shops, cafes, restaurants, and pre-conferences will be held during the day points of interest close to both the Convention on Thursday, February 5. The actual DSC Winners Crossword 14 Center and each of the main conference hotels. convention activities will begin at the Puzzle Thus, after a full day of attending conference Convention Center on Thursday with SPSP 16 activities and reconnecting with friends and Award Presentations, which will be followed SPSP Membership by State, Nation colleagues, we can easily drop in on such local by a welcome reception open to everyone. hotspots as Ybor City, Channelside (an area On Friday and Saturday, the program will Passings, Announcements, 17, that has a variety of interesting restaurants, (Continued on page 18) 18, Awards 32, 39 shops, movie theaters, and nightclubs), or the Jack Dovidio’s Presidential 20 Column

2008 SPSP Election Results NSF News 22 The results are in and new terms were Jennifer Reis (Past President), Don Notes from an 24 officers for the Executive Eberhardt, Stanford Forsyth, and James Jackson Undergraduate Committee at SPSP have been University, and Laura King, (Members-at-Large). elected. Joining the Executive University of Missouri, who Special Passings: 40 Committee in 2009 will be will serve as Members-at- Many thanks to all who Robert Zajonc Jenny Crocker of the Large of the Executive voted, to those who stood University of Michigan, who Committee. for election, to those who 26 will serve as President-Elect are finishing their terms, Top PSPR Citation-Getters in 2009, President in 2010, Outgoing members of the and for those who will serve and Past-President in 2011. Executive Committee, whose SPSP in the coming years. ■ 36 Also elected for three-year terms end in 2008, are Harry SISP at Northwestern, 2009 Page 2 DIALOGUE SPSP Grows: Membership, Publications, Cash Flow, Expense, Complexity

SPSP President Jack Dovidio, in his report from the Secretary-Treasurer, we Harackiewicz to Shinobu Kitayama. opening remarks at the Executive learn that the Society's finances are Committee meeting in August, reported good. The Society at large now has Personality and Social Psychology that “The Society faces many more yearly revenues in the neighborhood of Review is also in good shape. The long-term issues to worry about than one million dollars, which allows for a impact factor is growing, and the short-term issues.” This is because wide range of activities as well as some quality of articles remains high. A there is much good news for the surplus. This is projected to be true for special issue on religion is Society in terms of income, next year as well. This is a sign of the forthcoming. publications, and membership. But just historical frugality of SPSP leadership, over the horizon, there is a real as well as a new and favorable contract potential for change. This change—in with Sage Publications. Much of the There is much good funding, in the economy, in how assets of the Society is in short-term publications are handled and paid for— CDs. This is a conservative investment news for the Society in means that the Society must be strategy, but the Executive Committee terms of income, carefully managed in the interest of its has appointed a financial task force, members. comprised of Jenny Crocker (Chair), publications, and Peter Salovey, Mark Snyder, and Al membership. But just Membership. SPSP membership is at Goethals, to discuss long-range its highest ever, with over 5,800 full planning on finances. over the horizon, there and student members and affiliates. In previous years, a significant amount of In short, SPSP has money to do things. is a real potential for growth has been in student This money is saved, spent, invested, change. memberships, but this past year saw a and awarded by the Executive noticeable increase in regular— Committee, which is elected by the faculty—memberships. Some of this membership. SPSP has our continuing This issue is the last to be edited by the growth is from overseas (see pp. 16-17 tradition of frugality, but several current Editors of Dialogue, Chris for a state-by-state and nation-by- initiatives are being seriously Crandall and Monica Biernat. The nation breakdown). considered. If you have an opinion, an Publication Committee recommended, idea, a warning, or otherwise wish to and the Executive Committee selected For an organization with so many have your voice heard, contact a new editors for Dialogue, Hart Blanton members that study the importance of member of the Executive Committee— and Diane Quinn. Hart is currently at group membership, gender, age, and voting members are identified on the Texas A & M University, but will join ethnicity, SPSP has known very little back page of this issue of Dialogue. Diane Quinn at the University of about itself on these dimensions. But Connecticut next fall. those who have paid dues recently Publications. Publications are the main know that the "data portal" through source of both income and scholarly The Publication Committee will add which one renews membership now impact of the Society. Personality and Duane Wegener of Purdue University asks its members for demographic Social Psychology Bulletin continues to as a new member. Fred Rhodewalt information. The majority of do well: Journal impact ratings have departs as outgoing chair. membership uses the online portal, and moved up substantially in the last so SPSP will soon have good couple years, and income from the Convention Committee. The next information about the makeup of the journal, by way of SAGE, continues to meeting is in Tampa, February 5-7, Society. The Society will also track age grow. PSPB is in the process of moving 2009 (see page 1). The SPSP Annual of members. SPSP should serve its the reviewing and submission web page Meeting continues to be embarrassed members, and early-career, mid-career software from SAGE's RapidReview to by its own success. There was a 34% and late-career members can have SageTrack, a version of Scholar One. increase in symposium submissions different needs. And the most visible transition of all, from last year, resulting in a 41% now underway, is the editorship (Continued on page 3) Finances. In what has become a routine changing hands from Judy DIALOGUE Page 3

(Continued from page 2) service of the Society. The annual Training Committee. One of the recent acceptance rate. It is widely agreed by meeting need not make a profit, nor successful contributions of the Training those involved that many worthy even break even, within reasonable Committee, represented by outgoing programs are being rejected due to lack budgetary restrictions. The primary Chair, Terri Vescio, has been the of space. There was an 18% increase in beneficiary of this policy will be development of preconferences. For poster submissions, but we have the students and post-docs, and also regular 2009, the topic will be "Health capacity for 1,500 posters, so most (but member from institutions that do not Research," which will mix information still not all!) poster submissions can be significantly support faculty travel. on research, collaboration, and funding. accommodated. The Executive The preconference is intended for Committee elected to increase the The 2010 meeting in will be in Las students, faculty, and post-docs alike program size slightly, going to nine (9!) Vegas, at the Riviera Hotel. The hotel (see article on p. 29). For the 2010 simultaneous sessions—our biggest will have been recently renovated, and meeting, the preconferences topic will ever. the convention center for the meeting be "program evaluation" and will be will be in the hotel. Vegas aficionados organized by Terri Vescio and Melvin There was significant discussion about will recognize the Riviera Hotel as the Mark. improving the quality of poster place where Casino with Robert De sessions. Although most of the material Niro, Sharon Stone, and Joe Pesci was The Training Committee also selected presented is considered excellent, the filmed. four students who went to the European process itself is not ideal—attendance Association of Experimental Social is some times lower than we might like, The location for the 2011 is not set. Psychologists summer training and when attendance is good, the space Several potential options disappeared— institute, in 2008: Kelly Danaher, is limited. Without careful organization Seattle is full, Charleston is too small, Kansas; Christopher Jones, Ohio State; by theme, posters sometimes have a Miami too expensive. Four serious Nicole Mead, Florida State; and harder time finding the right audience. options remained: Austin, San Diego, Sarah Townsend, University California, The committee spent time discussing San Antonio, and San Francisco. As of Santa Barbara. how to involve more faculty in poster this writing, only San Antonio and San presentations, as is popular at the Francisco remain in the running. The Training Committee has been Cognitive Neuroscience meeting. One planning an Applied Social Psychology idea discussed was a special invited The Executive Committee expressed Network; these plans are currently on poster session. Many pros and cons interest in making the program hold, with the Committee focusing on discussed, and this was turned over to available online and searchable. This is its ongoing commitments to the Convention Committee for future being seriously considered, but will not preconferences and other training decision. This year’s program be implemented for this year’s opportunities. committee chairs (Wendi Gardner and convention. Sam Gosling) have introduced some Diversity and Climate. The Diversity organization of posters by theme (see APA Convention Program. Members of and Climate Committee (DCC), story, p. 1). SPSP attend APA in modest numbers, represented by Chair Keith Maddox, but for those who attended in 2008, continues to expand its reach and Convention Committee Chair Jeff there was an excellent program of program (see article on p. 6). It runs a Simpson pointed out that Tampa is a social and personality psychology put well-attended reception at the annual relatively expensive meeting venue together by Ken Savistky, Program meeting, offers awards for travel to the compared to Albuquerque. Food and Chair, who was widely applauded for meeting, and books for award winners beverage costs will go up, as well as the program's success. Next year, Lee (The Compleat Academic). The advent housing. There was discussion in favor Fabrigar of Queens University will put of demographic measures in the fee of the notion of keeping fees down, and together this program. Although SPSP renewal portal is an initiative of the ultimately the Committee chose to attendance is moderate, many other DCC. increase the price by a smaller margin APA members attend social and than originally proposed ($210 instead personality psychology programming, During the DCC portion of the agenda, of $235 for regular members, $135 particularly in areas that connect to there was significant discussion about instead of $150 for student members). clinical and health issues. Many of the how to maintain diversity and choice in sessions were "completely packed." selecting members for committees and This relatively reduced price will lead APA attendess are mostly clinicians, candidates for electoral slates. The to a budgeted $30,000 “loss” for the and the sessions are part of the “giving Executive Committee agreed with the meeting. The long-term policy of the away” of social-personality value of paying special attention to Society is that the meeting is a "benefit psychology, and translational work is maintaining this diversity (in ethnicity, of membership” and an important particularly prized by this audience. age, gender, religion, rank, area of (Continued on page 13) Page 4 DIALOGUE

Comings and Goings

Each fall Dialogue features a list of comings and goings—where have colleagues moved in the past year This list includes only information that was sent to us, so we have surely missed some moves. Year of Ph.D. and Ph.D. granting institution appear in parentheses. Dolores Albarracin (1997, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) from University of Florida to University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Anat Bardi (2000, Hebrew University of Jerusalem) from the University of Kent to Royal Holloway University of London, UK Kevin Blankenship (2006, Purdue University) from Fresno State University to Iowa State University Belinda Campos (2003, University of California, Berkeley) to University of California, Irvine, Department of Chicano/ Latino Studies Dana R. Carney (2004, Northeastern University) from a post-doct at Harvard University to Columbia Business School Rosalind Chow (2008, Stanford Graduate School of Business) to Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University Jason K. Clark (2007, Purdue University) from Indiana University to the University of Alabama Taya R. Cohen (2008, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) to Northwestern University, Kellogg School of Management Jennifer Randall Crosby (2006, Stanford University) from Agnes Scott College to Williams College Kenneth DeMarree (2008, Ohio State University) to Texas Tech University Tom Denson (2007, University of Southern California) to University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Gerald Echterhoff (2000, New School for Social Research) from Bielefeld University to Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany John E. Edlund (2008, Northern Illinois University) to Hamilton College Scott Eidleman (2004, University of Kansas) from University of Maine to University of Arkansas Donna Eisenstadt (1989; CUNY Graduate Center) from Saint Louis University to Illinois State University Mark Ferguson (2008, University of Kansas) to Syracuse University Adam W. Fingerhut (2007, University of California, Los Angeles) to Loyola Marymount University Nicholas J.S. Gibson (2006, University of Cambridge) to Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Cambridge Phillip Atiba Goff (2005, Stanford University) from Pennsylvania State University to University of California, Los Angeles Erin C. Goforth (2008, University of New Hampshire) to Loyola University, New Orleans Noah Goldstein (2007, Arizona State University) from University of Chicago to University of California, Los Angeles Karen Gonsalkorale (1995, University of New South Wales) from University of California, Davis to University of Sydney Meara M. Habashi (2008, Purdue University) to the University of Alabama Tay Hack (2008, Purdue University) to Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX DIALOGUE Page 5

Crystal C. Hall (2008, Princeton University) to University of Washington, Evans School of Public Affairs Joshua Hart (2006, University of California, Davis) from Lawrence University to Union College Marlone Henderson (2006, New York University) from University of Chicago to University of Texas, Austin Tony Hermann (2002, Ohio State University) from Willamette University to Bradley University Michelle R. Kaufman (2008, University of Connecticut) to RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina Carrie Langner (2005, University of California, Berkeley) from SPSSI to California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Alison Ledgerwood (2008, New York University) to University of California, Davis Justin J. Lehmiller (2008, Purdue University) to Colorado State University Mike Leippe (1979, Ohio State University) from John Jay College to Illinois State University Edward Lemay (2008, Yale University) to University of New Hampshire Ludwin Molina (2007, University of California, Los Angeles) from a post-doc at the University of Minnesota to University of Kansas Mary C. Murphy (2007, Stanford University) to University of Illinois at Chicago Lisa Neff (2002, University of Florida) from University of Toledo to University of Texas, Austin Kristina R. Olson (2008, Harvard University) to Yale University M. Minda Oriña (2002, Texas A&M University) from University of Minnesota to St. Olaf College Heather Orom, (2005, University of Illinois at Chicago) to University at Buffalo, Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions Carl R. Persing (2008, Lehigh University) to Marywood University Michael Poulin (2006, University of California, Irvine) from the University of Michigan to the University at Buffalo Kimberly Rios Morrison (2008, Stanford University) to Ohio State University Christie Napa Scollon (2004, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) from Texas Christian University to Singapore Management University Jenessa R. Shapiro (2008, Arizona State University) to University of California, Los Angeles Stacey Sinclair (1999, UCLA) from University of Virginia to Princeton University Christopher Soto (2008, University of California, Berkeley) to Colby College Michael F. Steger, (2005, University of Minnesota) from University of Louisville to Colorado State Uiversity Kate Sweeny (2008, University of Florida) to University of California, Riverside Dustin Thoman (2008, University of Utah) to California State University, Long Beach Gregory M. Walton (2005, Yale University) to Stanford University Greg Webster (2006, University of Colorado) from a post-doc at University of Illinois to University of Florida Leah Zinner (2008, University of Wisconsin, Madison) to Oglethorpe University ■ Page 6 DIALOGUE

SPSP Diversity and Climate Committee: Looking Forward to Tampa By Keith Maddox personality psychologists whose work him or her. Please be on the lookout for has played a positive role in the award our request, and consider joining us at winner’s intellectual development—at the reception on Friday evening. The SPSP Diversity and Climate the annual DCC Reception. If you Committee (DCC) is charged with would like to learn more about our past GLBT Alliance in Social and developing activities and programs to graduate award winners, please visit Personality Psychology (GASP) service the goals of increasing the http://www.spsp.org/divwin.htm for their Coffee Break diversity of the SPSP membership— biographies. particularly those belonging to The DCC also works with the GLBT historically disadvantaged and The applications and eligibility Alliance in Social and Personality underrepresented groups—and requirements for both awards can be Psychology (GASP) to sponsor Coffee ensuring that the climate of the Society found online in the Awards section at Break at the conference each year. is inclusive and supportive of a diverse www.spspmeeting.org. GASP provides social support and membership. Below, I describe each of professional information to lesbian, our activities for the upcoming DCC Reception gay, bisexual, and transgender students conference in Tampa. Our events are and faculty and their supportive open to anyone attending the The DCC also sponsors a reception at heterosexual colleagues. Like all DCC conference, so mark your calendars, the conference each year. Usually held events, this reception is also open to all and check your conference program for on Friday evening, all conference conferences attendees, and is typically specific locations and times. attendees are welcomed to come. The held on Saturday afternoon. It provides reception serves as a celebration and a specific opportunity for GLBT Diversity Fund Undergraduate introduction to the current graduate community members and allies to mix Registration and Graduate Travel travel and undergraduate conference and mingle socially and professionally Awards registration award recipients and to foster an inclusive and supportive applicants, as well as an opportunity for climate. Incidentally, if you are a SPSP grants financial assistance to discussion with senior scholars. Many member of or consider yourself an ally undergraduate and graduate students advanced scholars can remember a time of GASP, please consider picking up a from various groups that are as students when we waited nervously GASP sticker for your name badge at underrepresented in personality and on the sidelines looking for an the registration desk next year. This social psychology. For undergrads, opportunity to join a conversation with simple and visible display of your these awards pay for conference an admired, yet intimidating researcher. support can contribute to the supportive registration, allowing the students to Or, from the other perspective, we have and inclusive climate that we strive to attend the conference and get a glimpse noticed the faces of hovering students create. into the professional lives of working up the nerve to ask an personality and social psychologists. interesting question. These DCC Symposium This year, undergraduate students will conversations can be critical to the also receive a complimentary copy of a intellectual development of any student This year, the DCC will sponsor a text, yet to be chosen, to help them researcher, and working through one’s symposium at the annual conference develop their writing skills, or perhaps anxieties to meet the challenge can be entitled Unity in Diversity? The Effect information about applying to graduate liberating. But there are unnecessary of Ethnic Diversity on Perceptions of schools in psychology. barriers to these interactions can be the Self, Organizations, and the Nation even greater for those students whose State. The symposium features talks by Graduate student awardees receive a faces, features, or orientations are not Michael A. Zárate, Valerie Purdie- $500 cash award to assist with well-represented among conference Vaughns, Kumar Yogeeswaran (co- conference related expenses, a copy of attendees—particularly its most chair), and Thierry Devos. It is current the The Compleat Academic (with recognized representatives. We will scheduled for Saturday, February 7, thanks to APA Books for providing also invite our Influential Scholars to 2009, 5:00—6:15 pm. The location has these at a considerable discount), and attend the Reception with the expressed yet to be determined. an opportunity to meet with 2-3 purpose of finding and chatting with Influential Scholars—social or the graduate student(s) who nominated (Continued on page 7) DIALOGUE Page 7

Publication Committee––Mid Year Report

By Fred Rhodewalt past few years. The editorial team of September 30th, 2008 and her group the Editor, two Senior Associate stopped processing new submissions at The Society’s publications continue to Editors and nine Associate Editors that time. Beginning October 1st, flourish under the editorships of Judith continues to provide excellent and Editor-Elect Shinobu Kitayama’s Harackiewicz, Galen Bodenhausen, timely service to the field. The editorial editorial team took over. The big news Monica Biernat, and Chris Crandall. lag, excluding triaged papers, averaged for authors is that Sage Publications Mid-year reports of editorial and 11.9 weeks for the first six months and has changed their manuscript publication lags, number of the publication lag is currently 6.3 management system from Rapid submission, rejection rates, and impact months. The rejection rate was 82% Review to Sage Track, with the change factors reveal that Personality and using APA’s formula (27% of in editorship on October 1st. Rapid Social Psychology Bulletin and submissions were triaged, rejected Review, the current manuscript Personality and Social Psychology without review). Most impressive is the management system will remain for Review continue to provide authors fact that PSPB’s impact rating authors who have papers under review with timely processing of their continues to improve, 2.58 for 2007 with the Harackiewicz team. submissions and the field with some of compared to 2.42 for 2006, 2.09 in its most impactful research. 2005, and 1.90 in 2004. Thomson On behalf of the SPSP membership, the Scientific Journal Citation Reports Publication Committee extends its Personality and Social Psychology places PSPB 4th out of 47 journals in gratitude to Judy and her editorial team Bulletin is on track to receive 600 new the social psychology category. and staff for meeting the challenges submissions this year, a number that is posed by the growth and success of the similar to the submission rates of the Judy Harackiewicz’ editorship ended (Continued on page 31)

and the challenges confronting the vast DCC, Continued as our attention turns to survival. I majority of members of urge the Society to continue underrepresented groups. Furthermore, unabated, and even strengthen its research suggests that a colorblind (Continued from page 6) efforts. In my view, this goal is one perspective on race relations can lead Transitions among many that is crucial to the to an underappreciation of the very real

future success of the Society, and impacts of race on interpersonal In August, Buju Dasgupta succeeded psychological science in general. outcomes, and impair interpersonal me as chair of the DCC. I would like to Inclusiveness expands the ranges of interactions. Ironically, this same night thank SPSP for the opportunity to the questions that we ask, broadens saw serious setbacks to the civil rights serve the Society in this capacity. The the approaches we use to address of gays and lesbians in several states. Executive Committee has been those questions, and fosters multiple We have come so far, but we still have incredibly supportive and receptive to theories that compete to explain the a long way to go when it comes to our ideas and suggestions. I’m quite data. When diverse perspectives are appreciating and supporting our proud of the work that we’ve done muted, we lose an important tool in diverse population. over the past few years, and I would our box. urge anyone interested in these goals As always, we welcome any comments and serving the Society to explore Final Words and input from SPSP members on our membership on this committee by In the wake of the historic and activities. If you are interested in contacting Buju Dasgupta, Denise, symbolic election of a Black man to serving on the committee at some Sekaquaptewa, or myself for more the U.S. Presidency, I’ve heard many point, or if you have ideas about information. My experience has been Americans use this event as evidence expanding or improving our programs quite rewarding—I leave this post with that racial and ethnic discrimination or activities, you can direct your renewed enthusiasm about the is a thing of the past, and to assert comments to any of the committee commitment that SPSP has to increase their own “colorblindness.” In this members. The DCC members for the diversity of it membership, and to way, the ascension of Barack Obama 2008-09 are Nilanjana Dasgupta create a supportive climate for all its presents challenges to social and (Chair), Denise Sekaquaptewa, and members to thrive both intellectually personality psychologists whose Keith Maddox; each of whom can be and professionally. In the midst of the work seeks to describe and contacted via the Social Psychology worst economic crisis of many of our ameliorate the enduring presence of Network (www.socialpsychology.org). lifetimes, there may be temptations to racial, ethnic, and other forms of bias See you in Tampa! ■ scale back our efforts toward diversity Page 8 DIALOGUE

Personality and Social Psychology Connections is in Development Stage By Don Forsyth identity-maintenance, and logistics are psychology (or interface with central ones. PSPC will facilitate the Wikipedia) • When will technology, in all its varied dissemination and sharing of Selected topics in social psychology forms both complicated and simple, information about personality and with links, discussion areas, etc • begin to give back some of the minutes, social psychology with others, News filter and RSS feed hours, and days that it has stolen from including colleagues, other scientists, • Commentary blogs us? Slogging through emails, and the lay public. The site will also • K-12 pages developing online teaching materials create a public face for the Society and • News releases, resources for media for courses, readying a manuscript for the discipline. Given that social • Webinars, video downloads, online submission, searching for psychology and personality science is podcasts, discussions of current information on the web, formatting a of uneven accuracy across the web (and events survey so that it prints nicely, and frequently sensationalized), a • Professional announcements (Job navigating through digital libraries and centralized, carefully edited site for postings, calendar of meetings) journal article repositories wastes more personality and social psychology time than a Dean’s introductory would provide both SPSP members and The PSPC page would be fast to load, remarks at a meeting of the full faculty, the general public with information that simple in design, but dynamic—the the paperwork required by a detailed- bears a more official imprimatur. The content should change on a regular oriented IRB, or an eighth-year page will facilitate the day-to-day basis, making the entry page a place students’ dissertation defense. business activities of the society, such individuals would visit regularly for as collecting dues and updating information. Inspiration for the design Seeking to counter the trend towards members’ records. of the page would be drawn from such time plundering technology, SPSP is relatively vibrant pages as Slate (http:// A relatively broad-based site is planning to launch an internet resource www.slate.com), NPR (http://www.npr.org/), envisioned, one that would be of that will provide members with access Arts and Letters Daily (http:// interest to members of the Society, to the kinds of information they need to ), and Scientific psychologists both within and outside www.aldaily.com/ carry out their professional work: American (http://www.sciam.com/). Personality and Social Psychology the academy, educators (including secondary to primary education), Connections (PSPC). Designed to The initial planning of the site was complement existing web sites used by professionals in related and applied fields (e.g., market research, public carried out by a committee that personality and social psychologists, included Don Forsyth, Brian Nosek and this hybrid site would be part web- policy, medicine and health, law, policy makers, industry and corporate, John Williams, but the work needed to based magazine, part clearinghouse for implement the plan is only getting resources, part mega-page for key links non-profits), and the public in general. Some ideas for elements to be included underway. in the field, and part members-only online clubhouse. (The name on the website: The committee recommended using a “connections” is just the working Content Management System (CMS) name, and isn’t a particularly creative Services for SPSP: • Dues paying design for the pages, rather than the one at that. Connections is the name of more common (but increasingly • Voting the newsletter for dozens of outdated) image and text-based organizations, including the NIH • Directory • hyperlinked pages, because such a Institute on Aging, the American Alerts system would allow far greater Society for Engineering Education, and flexibility in content and design. The the American Association of Colleges Member services: committee also suggested that PSPC • of Nursing. Perhaps contest is needed Research/lab collaboration modules would be edited by a society member, • to come up with the best new name for Social networking who would have duties, the planned set of web resources.) • Dialogue responsibilities, and support similar to • Direct access to PSPB, PSPR, etc. that of a journal editor. For more What are the goals that SPSP wishes to • Resource clearinghouse for teaching information or to post a comment about accomplish by enhancing its web-based and research this initiative, please contact Don resources? Information-exchange, • Wiki on social/personality Forsyth at [email protected]. ■ DIALOGUE Page 9 What Are the Best Ways to Describe an Individual’s Personality? By Lew Goldberg research using those statistical space provided by the Big-Five factors. techniques is a tentative answer to the Terms are scattered throughout this What are the best ways to describe an important scientific question: “How five-dimensional space, with most individual’s personality? One might many different relatively independent terms being blends of two or three of list all of the things that individuals do kinds of terms are there in that specific the Big-Five factors. As a all day every day of their lives, but that language?” consequence, this five-factor model would take too long and be far too provides a rich framework for detailed to be of much use. Are there hundreds? Dozens? Probably classifying personality traits, and Alternatively, one might use more not. In many languages, it has turned measures of those five broad abstract attributes as a way of out that the magical number is dimensions have proven to be summarizing the major ways that something like five or six. In English extremely useful for describing individuals differ from each other. and other northern European languages individual persons. Indeed, measures Every language on the face of the earth like German and Dutch, there has of the Big-Five factors have proven to includes hundreds, if not thousands, of seemed to be five major dimensions or predict educational and occupational words that refer to the ways that “factors” to represent the majority of attainment, marital success, good individuals differ; English, for personality-descriptive terms in that health habits and medical outcomes, example, includes at least 20,000 language. This “Big-Five” factor and even longevity versus mortality words of that sort (for example, structure has become a scientifically (e.g., Roberts, et al., 2008). talkative, agreeable, hard-working, useful taxonomy to understand nervous, intelligent). Perhaps those individual differences in personality terms that make it into a language and traits (Goldberg, 1990, 1992, 1993). How many different then stay there for centuries are those What are the Big-Five factors? The relatively independent that people have found to be most first is Extraversion versus useful for describing themselves and Introversion, which includes traits such kinds of terms are there others. This “lexical hypothesis” is the as Active, Assertive, Energetic, in that specific Gregarious, and Talkative versus their basis of much modern research on the language? Are there structure of human personality traits opposites. A second factor is called (Goldberg, 1981). Agreeableness, which includes traits hundreds? Dozens? such as Amiable, Helpful, Kind, Probably not. In many Personality-descriptive terms, when Sympathetic, and Trusting versus their extracted from a dictionary, can be opposites. A third factor has been languages, it has turned used by individuals to assess labeled Conscientiousness, which out that the magical themselves and others. And, this same includes such traits as Dependable, Hard-working, Responsible, number is something thing can be done in many different languages throughout the world. In any Systematic, and Well-organized versus like five or six. language, many of the terms will be their opposites. A fourth factor very similar in their meanings (for contrasts traits related to Emotional example, synonyms like shy and Stability, such as Calm, Relaxed, and A Scientific Problem bashful) whereas some terms may Stable, with opposite traits such as Exploratory factor analyses (EFA) of mean much the opposite of other terms Afraid, Nervous, Moody, and descriptions of oneself or others using (for example, antonyms like talkative Temperamental. And, finally, there is a subsets of the indigenous personality- and silent). In general, one can constellation of traits related to Intellect related terms in many languages have measure the extent of similarity and Imagination, such as Artistic, not always provided the same set of between pairs of personality terms with Creative, Gifted, Intellectual, and factors. Factors resembling the Big a statistic called the “correlation Scholarly versus their opposites. Five have been found most easily in coefficient.” Based on the the languages of northern Europe (e.g., intercorrelations among all pairs of Is that all there is? Certainly not, but German, Dutch, English), but as we personality terms, one can then group this is a good starting point. Most move south and east the factors seem the terms into categories or clusters personality-related words in many to differ more or less from the classic using a statistical procedure called modern languages can be classified by Germanic pattern. As a consequence, (Continued on page 35) “factor analysis.” The result of their locations in the five-dimensional Page 10 DIALOGUE

Open Access and Self-Archiving Articles on Personal Websites: What Can Authors Do Now? By David Dunning, Eliot R. Dunning, John Lydon, Nicole Shelton, Eliot Smith, and Wendy Wood. The But what about self-archiving? Smith, and Wendy Wood issues discussed by the task force were University requests? Funding agency numerous and complex, but a few stuck requests? What are authors allowed to If a sorcerer walked into one of our out as immediately relevant to SPSP post on websites? It turns out that, offices with a working crystal ball that members. under existing copyright agreements, could reveal the future, a question that authors can post and distribute quite a we would dearly love to ask is: With Open access touches authors directly lot of material. However, not knowing changing technology, shifting through the issue of self-archiving. If this, authors often either hold back governmental policies, and new an author maintains a website, to what from posting anything on their own entrepreneurial initiatives, what is the extent is he or she allowed to post personal websites or, in contrast, future of academic publishing? What electronic versions of articles for others inadvertently step over the line of what will academic journals look like in the to download? Some authors are is allowable given the copyright future? Will articles be published more requested by their universities to supply agreements they sign. quickly? Will those paper issues that articles for university-centered crowd our shelves disappear? Will archives. Still others, if their research is This article outlines in general the journals themselves continue to exist publicly funded, are asked to deposit current landscape of what is allowable or will they also disappear? articles in central depositories like to post under existing copyright PubMed Central, for the public to see agreements. We note two caveats Central to questions about the future of the fruits of what their tax dollars have before we start. First, open access academic publishing is open access— paid for. policies tend to be ever-evolving the potential for scholarly journal creatures, and what we describe here articles to be made freely and openly Self-archiving provides many potential will no doubt further evolve in the available to whomever wants them— benefits. Archived papers attract a future. Second, different publishers our colleagues, scholars in other fields larger number of citations, increases have different policies about self- and other countries, and the general the rate of progress of our science by archiving—posting papers on personal public. Charitable foundations and allowing colleagues to see the author’s or other websites. Thus, we are not governmental funding agencies, like work earlier, gives our science away to providing the definitive last word but the Wellcome Trust in the United students, non-scientists, researchers in rather the starting point for authors to Kingdom and the National Institutes of other countries who may not have consider as they design their personal Health in the Unites States, have called access to journals, and makes potential websites or deal with university or for articles underwritten by their students and collaborators aware of our funding agency requests. Authors funding to be posted in publicly interests and expertise. always should check the websites of available archives. Other universities, their publishers for specific copyright most recently Harvard, have moved for In task force discussions and rules and practices. Authors also can their faculty to make articles available discussions among our colleagues, we also look at the Sherpa RoMEO in university-run depositories to be quickly discovered that many authors website (www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/), distributed without profit. are uncertain or confused about these which strives to present current types of open access postings. The information on open access policies for Given the importance of open access, source of the confusion is clear. When major academic publishers. SPSP this past year commissioned a an article is accepted for publication, task force to study the issue—to authors typically sign a copyright Definitions: Different Types of Papers examine the current landscape of open agreement that turns over publication access in the behavioral and social rights for the article to the publisher or The publishing world distinguishes sciences, educate ourselves about some other third party. That copyright among three types of papers. The first possible benefits and costs of various agreement restricts how authors type is the pre-refereed paper, the models of open access, and see what personally can distribute the article. paper that exists before peer review is crystal balls might indicate, no matter Authors almost always can distribute finished and that does not represent the how blurry, about the future of their articles to students in a class that final article that someday (it is hoped) academic publishing. Members of the they are teaching or provide a reprint if will be published. The second type is a task force were Jenny Crocker, David someone requests it. (Continued on page 11) DIALOGUE Page 11 post-refereed paper. This is a Publishers also allow authors to place download the article. manuscript that has been accepted for post-refereed papers in university publication but has yet to be depositories, although again, their Some authors have programmed their copyedited and formatted for formal policies differ. In SAGE’s copyright personal or departmental websites to publication, usually represented by a agreement, for example, authors can make it very easy for interested word-processor document (or pdf form place post-refereed papers in university individuals to make specific requests of that). The final type is the “as depositories after the 12-month for published articles. For example, published” paper, the actual formatted embargo period described above. APA requestors can click on a button on a article as it appears in the journal, does not require an embargo on webpage to send automatically an almost always represented by a pdf. university archiving. email request to the author or to initiate an auto-responder program that emails What Can Authors Post: Where and The same policies hold for requests the requested paper without even When from funding agencies. Authors can involving the author. Such an approach provide post-refereed articles to these is completely acceptable, because it What and when authors can post agencies for distribution, subject to the distributes copies only in response to depends very much on what type of embargoes and rules that the publisher specific requests. Google or some paper they are concerned with. applies. Some publishers, such as other agent cannot “find” the content APA, even deposit articles appearing of the article on its own under this 1. Pre-refereed papers. Publishers in its journals, with the receiving technology, and so distribution of the generally are unconcerned with pre- funding agency confirming with the paper remains under your control. refereed papers, and these can be author that he or she accedes to the archived on personal and other articles’ distribution. Final Notes websites. Such papers should be clearly labeled as pre-refereed to avoid 3. As-published papers. In copyright Two final notes. Most publishers confusion with future, more agreements, publishers are most provide an opportunity for authors to authoritative publication versions of jealous of the final “as published” pay a fee to allow open access to the the article. Publishers of major version of a paper. Copyright “as published” version of an article. personality and social psychology agreements generally do not allow this However, these fees can be quite steep journals (e.g., SAGE, APA, Blackwell, version of the paper to be self-archived (in the range of a few thousand Elsevier) generally allow authors the on a website. dollars), and are likely an option only freedom to post these papers. for a fortunate and affluent few. Second, some authors have the belief 2. Post-refereed papers. This middle Under existing that they can unilaterally alter category, the post-refereed paper, is copyright agreements, copyright agreements to allow self- when copyright agreements become archiving, but this turns out not to be more relevant and the picture more authors can post and the case. Publishers can reject the complex. Self-archiving generally is distribute quite a lot changes, and even remove an article allowed, although some publishers from a publication queue if they so place restrictions on the archiving. The of material. desire. current copyright agreement with SAGE (PSPB, PSPR), for example, In sum, the task force identified other places a 12-month embargo on post- issues related to open access that will refereed postings after the article However, authors are free under fair- require further monitoring, thought, appears in print. That is, authors are use rules to provide a copy of the as- and discussion. Thus, in the future, you allowed to archive the post-refereed published version to individuals who may see more articles about open version of an article only when 12 specifically request it (e.g., by email). access. However, we did want to share months have elapsed from the date of Under “fair use” rules, if someone with our members what we had publication. Other publishers differ on emails you asking for an electronic discovered as we explored the issue of the length of the embargo, if they version of your article, you can send it self-archiving, and at least wanted impose one at all. And other policies to them. Not allowed is when some people to know the “lay of the land” as may apply. APA, for example, asks other independent agent outside your it exists now. authors to note that the paper is not the control—Google, for example—finds “paper of record,” as well as to link to your article on your website and Will that landscape shift in the future? the journal’s homepage. Noting that thereby enables many people to The answer is “yes.” That we know. the paper is a draft version is always a download it without your intercession. Which direction will it shift? That we good idea for the reasons given above. This can happen if Google or someone do not know. We are still in need of else can just click on a hot link and that crystal ball. ■ Page 12 DIALOGUE Testifying Before Congress About the Value of Basic Psychological Science By Lisa Feldman Barrett “anger,” “sadness,” and “fear” skills, and stronger leadership skills. interchangeably, as if they did not Perhaps most surprisingly, hundreds of On September 18, 2008, I testified by experience these states as different studies show that emotionally the Subcommittee on Research and from one another. They felt, for lack of intelligent children have higher grades Science Education (chaired by a better word, “bad.” This observation in math, science, and reading, meaning Representative Brian Baird, D-WA) of was the basis for a decade-long that emotional literacy must be the Committee on Science and research project (supported by both the included in educational reforms like No Technology in the US House of NSF and NIH) where my lab tracked Child Left Behind. These are welcome Representatives. During the testimony, the emotional experiences of over 700 outcomes, especially given the recent I was asked to describe how my own people during the course of everyday UNICEF report showing that US basic research on emotion has been of life using a then-novel scientific children have the second-lowest rate of service to the nation’s health, as well as procedure called computerized well-being across 21 developed to suggest how social and behavioral experience-sampling (www.experience- nations. Furthermore, I pointed out that science might be better supported and sampling.org). Using novel software and emotional expertise isn’t just about integrated with biomedical approaches. statistical procedures, we verified my happiness—it translates into economic In addition to addressing these issues, I initial discovery: people differ in their stability and productivity for our also took this as an opportunity to emotional expertise. Some people, as in country. The emotionally intelligent educate the subcommittee on the value the first 9/11 example, are emotion children of today become the skilled of basic research in the larger experts and experience a wide variety and productive adults of tomorrow. In a enterprise of science, with an eye to of nuanced emotions. Other people, recent forum on children’s education, justifying increased federal funding in like the second 9/11 example, the noted economist and Nobel basic social and behavioral research. experience emotion as an amorphous Laureate James Heckman argued that feeling that is either pleasant or social and emotional skills are My Research on Emotion unpleasant. Over a ten-year period, my necessary to improve the quality of the lab discovered that differences in American workforce. A happier and In my remarks about my own basic emotional expertise translate to socially skilled workforce translates research on emotion, I told the important outcomes. Emotion into an increase in the GDP. committee a story about a single, very connoisseurs are more flexible in basic scientific discovery about regulating their emotions. They are Points about the Basic Research emotion that is already improving the more centered, and less buffeted by Enterprise lives of Americans. I began with an slings and arrows of life. Those with example: Seven years ago, when the less emotional expertise, by contrast, The example of translating basic twin towers collapsed, people had live life as a turbulent rollercoaster research on emotional granularity into many reactions. Here are just two. One with more ups and downs. applied programs for emotional literacy person said “The first reaction was allowed me to make several additional terrible sadness and tears….. But the I then described how these basic points about basic research. First, at second reaction is anger, because you research findings are now being the frontiers of science, nothing speeds can't do anything with the sadness.” translated by Marc Brackett and Peter scientific progress like the clash of Another said “I felt a bunch of things I Salovey at Yale University (among competing viewpoints. From a purely couldn’t put my finger on. Maybe others) into emotional literacy training scientific standpoint, the discovery that anger, confusion, fear. I just felt bad on programs for children (ages 4 to 14), not everyone feels anger or sadness or September 11th. Really bad.” teachers, and school administrators (see fear has helped to ignite a paradigm www.ei-schools.org). According to Marc, by shift in the study of emotion. Emotions These examples demonstrate a the end of next year, 250 schools in the used to be thought of as simple reflexes phenomenon about emotion that I first New York school system alone will or light switches that turn on parts of noticed almost twenty years ago when I participate, and already the results are your brain, and that could be turned off was a graduate student in clinical promising. Children who can identify, by a drug or changing the right gene. psychology. Some people used emotion understand, label, and regulate their But we now know that’s not the case, words to refer to very precise and emotions effectively have fewer which is why there’s no pill that cures distinct experience—they felt the heat clinical symptoms, and are at lower risk depression, and no single gene that of anger, the despair of sadness, the for violent behavior and drug and controls happiness. The exact nature of dread of fear. Others used the words alcohol abuse. They have better social (Continued on page 38) DIALOGUE Page 13

other publishers (e.g., APA when Executive Committee Report, Continued publishing in JPSP), the details are important, and anyone considering (Continued from page 3) network, will end soon. Funding is in putting a one of their articles online research, etc.), and much of the place through 2009, and dues and should read this report carefully for discussion was about the pragmatic request for funds may come online for do’s and don’ts. Open access issues are way to match the processes to the 2010, but only after funding is assured changing rapidly, and the law is values of the Society. through 2010. Plous’ appeals for unsettled at this time. To assist the funding come only after funding for a Society in this manner, new members The DCC is interested in a more year is assured. Plous also presented a of the Publication Committee will be systematic way of measuring people’s widget (a playing card-sized app) that the Society’s “open access person.” reaction to the annual meeting. Is the connects up psychology and climate at the meeting welcoming? Are psychology news from SPN.org to a Executive Office. The role of the their components that cause personal desktop (a Web 2.0 Executive Officer (EO) in SPSP is discomfort? There was discussion application). currently being more carefully about this same issue at the SESP considered. meetings. There is no question that SISP Summer School. Harry Reis almost all new attendees, regardless of presented the status of the Summer Virtually every task of the Society gender, race, handicap, etc., experience Institute for Social Psychology (SISP). eventually flows through the Executive problems in adjustment, feeling part of After receiving two excellent Office (excepting day-to-day journal the meeting, and interacting with more proposals , the next SISP will begin operations), and thus the demands of established members. These issues may July 17 at Northwestern (see article on running the Society are substantial. The be more strongly felt for minority p. 36). Funding from NSF is set for Executive Committee is reimagining members of the Society. One potential 2009 and 2011 sessions. The stipend the Executive office. In the short term, way to ease concerns of first-time (or for instructors has been low, compared the Society needs to have a physical even more seasoned) attendees is to the commitment necessary to office, with staff (more than the current create a Facebook group in which successfully teach the courses. For next single part-time employee) who are advice, ideas, and strategies for able to work on advocacy, conference successful conferencing can be planning, and day-to-day activities. We discussed. (Dialogue is still seeking a Virtually every task of the also need to have a virtual office, with “conference do’s-and-don’ts article!) Society eventually flows staff who might be part-time, outsourcing some of the tasks, and who Graduate Student Committee. GSC through the Executive need not be present in the same town as President Helen Lin discussed the wide Office, and the demands the EO. range of issues that the GSC is of running the Society are addressing (see article on p. 34). The In the near term, the Society must GSC hosts a reception at the annual substantial. consider the length of term of the EO. meeting that is very popular. Due to a There is a sense that the Society needs limited budget, the reception runs out year the stipend was increase for a half-time EO, which may require of hors d’oeuvres much too quickly. instructors, but still a modest course buy-out, and perhaps benefits This funding was increased by the remuneration for the amount of time and related expenses; this could be a Executive Committee. Another popular and preparation involved. substantial encumbrance. With the GSC program is the “mentor lunches” current budget and cash flow of the planned during the meeting, and the Open Access. Scientists and scholars Society, this kind of commitment is GSC is now planning to sponsor two, are increasing their web presence. One possible. on each day of the conference. particular change has been making Dialogue recommends that if asked, articles available on their web sites— The long-term goals for the Society are faculty should eagerly agree to attend this has been a boon to students, to expand the role, reach, and ability of one of these lunches. researchers, and reporters alike. But the Executive Office to execute its there are important copyright issues duties. Some alternative ideas included Social Psychology Network. Scott that may apply. The open access issue hiring a full-time professional society- Plous, Webmaster Emeritus, presented was discussed at length, and the SPSP- runner, who would oversee the office, some new information about SPN, formed committee to look into the issue membership, conference, and so on. No which is now formally independent has developed a report (see p. 10). decisions were made about this. from SPSP. NSF funding for SPN, Because of the nature of SPSP’s which has been critical to the growth contract with Sage, as well as the The current executive officer’s term and continued development of the agreements authors enter into with ends Dec 31, 2009. ■ Page 14 DIALOGUE The DSC Award Winners Crossword

This freestyle crossword is based on APA Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award winners (DSC’s) in personality/social psychology or a closely related field. The puzzle contains the names of all DSC’s who trained in personality/social psychology, plus a few more people whose work is related to measurement, adaptation, stress and coping, and so on, plus related words, and a few bits of silliness. The answers appear on p. 39. DIALOGUE Page 15

Down

Crossword Clues 1. It can be dimpled, pregnant, swinging or hanging 2. Reduces, reuses, ______

3. Experimented dissonantly, initiated severely Across 5. Mentor to Dr. Zilstein and 14-D, administered epinephrine emotionally 4. Prevented and promoted self-discrepancies 6. Awards the DSC 7. A likely elaborator 8. Self-ish: Possible, cultural, schematic 9. Designed trucking game with Krauss 10. Planning, conjunction, naturalistic and gambler's are 11. Well-known linesman. examples of this 12. Positive beagle shocker 13. Academic/athletic conference gave most Ph.D.s to DSC 16. Appraised Zajonc as wrong, but coped with it winners (n=19) 18. Alpha inventor 14. Told us more than one can know about honor and 21. With 56-A, matricized relations geography 23. Healthy, illusioned, befriended 15. Né Isidor Krechevsky, Theory and Problems of Social Psychology with Crutchfield (1948) 26. A balanced, Benningtoned acquaintance 17. Stopped young boys from fighting with broken truck and 29. A kind of music unknown to many winners here water pipes 30. Handicapped not horses, but self; inferred correspondently 19. Floyd or Gordon, brothers 31. ___ and Otis, animal movie, also grain sorghum 20. Analyzed Bay of Pigs, Watergate, Challenger shuttle crash 32. Mentor to 3-D & 5-D, based a lifetime's theorizing on 22. Co-father of the restaurant script, made principled discrepancies arguments about statistics 33. The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations (1958) 24. This climate could give rise to dust bowl empiricism 34. Adaptation level theory 25. The graduate program for 23-A, 47-A, 52-A, 39-A and 27- 36. No inference needed, if you prefer D. st 39. Communication and Persuasion (1953), 1 author 27. Good—Bad, Strong—Weak, Active—Passive; measured 40. Carried out genuinely disgusting research meaning 41. Personality and Assessment (1968) 28. Attractive ingredients in close relationships: Love, lust, 45. "To perceive is to categorize" Value and need as and Minnesota organizing factors in perception (1947) 31. This graduate program boasts "most DSC's produced" 47. Attitudes, twice, in Handbook of Social Psychology; Yin 33. This graduate program generated two brothers with DSC's and yang of progress 35. The structure of intellect? It has 120—no—150—no—180 49. Home to academic/athletic conference with 2nd most DSC different intelligences

winners, or twice personality factors 37. For whom Ts = ( Ms x Ps x Is) + (Maf x Pf x If) was quite an 50. From engaging Bobo dolls to moral disengagement achievement 51. Like another man of _____(e), he confronted threats in the 38. Preferred small schools to big schools for ecological air reasons; studied One Boy's Day. 52. Competently valued achievement, power, and drink 42. Angus or Donald, not brothers 54. Attitude “bible” co-author; plied social roles 43. Unmasked emotions in the human face 55. Followed Adam, Eve, & Sarah; his name may be on the 44. Explored personality with TAT, needed self-abnegation tip of one's tongue 46. Trusted both internal and external loci of control 56. With 21-A, matricized relations, and cubed causal 48. Biased toward the ingroup; is the same and different at the clarifications same time 52. Defined the psychology of sex differences 53. Squirted cold virus up people's noses in measuring effects of stress ■ Page 16 DIALOGUE

SPSP Membership: State-by-State and

National Electoral Preferences

By Owen Cox SPSP member frequency in a population.

Where do SPSP members live? And do they reflect a The correlation between the rate of SPSP members and Obama particular segment of the population? In this state-by-state vote is r=.69. By comparison, percent of registered Democrats analysis of the membership, I looked at the rate of SPSP predicted Obama vote with r=.71 (N=31 states with available membership, and the extent to which that state voted for information). It turns out that these are non-overlapping President-elect Barack Obama. I began with a list of U.S. predictors; in a standardized regression. I found that Percentage members and their mailing address state. In the table below, I Obama vote = .52(Registered Democrats) + .49(SPSP have listed all of the states and the District of Columbia, the Members), with Multiple-R=.85. No self-respecting pundit can number of SPSP members, and the ratio of SPSP members-to- undervalue SPSP membership as an independent predictor of people in the state. In the rightmost column, I have added the future presidential elections (providing one can find a self- percentage of popular vote that went to Barack Obama in the respecting pundit). For international representation of SPSP 2008 Presidential election. The table is in descending order of members, see p. 17.■

SPSP One Member for Obama SPSP One Member for Obama State Members Every … people Vote % State Members Every … people Vote %

DC 21 26,828 93 OR 37 96,205 57 ND 15 42,256 45 CO 44 103,425 53 MA 135 47,655 62 UT 21 111,975 34 CT 64 54,428 60 TX 191 115,804 44 DL 15 54,499 61 NJ 71 121,668 57 IA 51 57,727 54 WA 50 122,629 58 KS 46 59,207 41 MD 44 125,202 61 NY 311 61,705 62 MT 7 131,089 47 VT 10 61,911 67 WI 40 136,807 56 ME 21 62,178 58 KY 30 137,261 41 IL 183 69,145 62 NV 15 149,410 55 NH 18 71,538 54 AR 18 151,429 39 WY 7 71,606 33 OK 23 152,675 34 NM 26 72,101 57 TN 37 157,885 42 MN 66 76,657 54 FL 94 181,054 51 IN 76 81,522 50 GA 44 197,380 47 RI 13 82,782 63 AL 22 204,580 39 NE 21 82,823 41 MS 13 221,637 43 AZ 65 85,859 45 SD 3 254,770 45 CA 413 85,919 61 SC 16 259,197 45 NC 96 87,576 50 HI 4 314,402 72 MO 65 87,761 49 ID 4 341,583 36 VA 84 87,933 52 LA 13 345,872 40 OH 130 87,968 51 AK 1 648,818 36 PA 138 89,605 55 WV 2 905,177 43 MI 108 93,333 57

DIALOGUE Page 17

Psychology at UNR, and earning Backman was a long-time collaborator fellow status in American with Paul Secord, publishing widely on Passings Psychological Association and the personality, attraction, and self- American Sociological Association. He concept. Carl W. Backman was President of the Pacific February 2008 Sociological Association. Backman's work took seriously the Carl Backman earned a Ph.D. in connections between a sociological sociology at Indiana University in 1951. Backman developed a social social psychology and a psychological After a brief stint at the University of psychological approach to personality, social psychology. This was perhaps Arkansas, he spent the rest of his lengthy where the self was seen as an emergent best demonstrated in his book Social career—with two years at the National part of personality that comes out of the Psychology (1974) with Secord, and Science Foundation—at the University of development of relationships with also in his integrative "Toward an Nevada, Reno. others, found in "The self: A dialectical interdisciplinary social

Backman was an interdisciplinary social approach" (1988, Advances in psychology" (1983, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology). Experimental Social Psychology). psychologist, helping to found the ■ Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Social An International Snapshot of SPSP By Owen Cox

Because SPSP is a large and international organization, and because it seeks to expand its reach both within the USA and internationally, it seemed to be time for a study of the membership by nationality. To do this, I looked at a country-by-country analysis of SPSP membership. I began with a list of all members and their mailing address country. In the table below, I have listed all of the countries that boast SPSP members and the number of member within that country. In the rightmost column, I have calculated how large a group of that country's population one must assemble to expect to find one SPSP member (larger numbers mean fewer members per population). The table is in descending order of SPSP frequency in a population. ■

SPSP One member for SPSP One member for Country Membership every … people Country Membership every … people United States 3046 95,473 Greece 7 1,602,143 Canada 318 105,164 Finland 3 1,774,687 Netherlands 115 143,185 Croatia 2 2,217,700 Israel 34 215,794 Italy 22 2,709,968 Australia 80 268,500 Jamaica 1 2,714,000 Switzerland 26 294,139 Poland 14 2,722,569 New Zealand 12 357,008 Denmark 2 2,744,511 Singapore 12 403,283 Spain 16 2,878,969 United Kingdom 133 460,045 Taiwan 6 3,834,501 Belgium 21 507,946 South Korea 10 4,822,400 Germany 127 647,000 Chile 2 8,411,000 Sweden 14 659,586 Czech Republic 1 10,424,926 Norway 6 798,542 Turkey 6 11,764,376 Qatar 1 841,000 Guatemala 1 13,354,000 Japan 114 1,120,088 Romania 1 21,528,600 France 57 1,131,108 Philippines 3 30,152,400 Latvia 2 1,134,000 Ukraine 1 46,030,720 Portugal 8 1,327,200 Egypt 1 75,508,000 Estonia 1 1,340,600 India 2 57,000,000 Austria 6 1,390,154 China 12 111,000,000 Ireland 3 1,474,033 Nigeria 1 148,000,000 Page 18 DIALOGUE

Tampa in 2009, submissions were excluded for this own poster into the most appropriate reason. Finally, a few symposia had thematic session by simply selecting a Continued to be rejected, despite high ratings, keyword at initial submission. because of overlap of their speakers (Continued from page 1) with other symposia (SPSP allows In addition to the wealth of interesting continue with a host of excellent an individual to speak in only one symposia and poster sessions, some symposia, poster sessions, invited symposium). In the end, after highlights of this year’s conference addresses, publisher exhibits, and sourcing the new room and making include: special events. As in past years, the some gut-wrenchingly painful cost of lunches is once again included decisions, we were still able to The Presidential Address: Richard in the conference registration fee. This accept only 72 of the symposia. Petty will give the presidential address distinctive feature of our meeting is Even with the additional space, we this year on Friday afternoon. It will be intended to allow everyone to view the were forced to reject a dismayingly titled “Certainty vs. Doubt: What posters and have a casual lunch with large number of strong sessions. Causes it and Why Does it Matter?” friends and colleagues on the floor of Perhaps we need a longer the spacious exhibition halls. conference! Addresses by both of this year’s major award winners: Carol Dweck, the The program committee was amazed If one views SPSP submissions as a winner of the Donald T. Campbell by both the breadth and quality of barometer of our field, then in terms Award, will speak on Friday evening symposia submissions this year, and of quality, the field is clearly doing and David Funder, the winner of this with a 34% increase from last year, amazingly well—there is so much year’s Jack Block Award, will speak on was also impressed with the sheer interesting, innovative, and high- Saturday afternoon. quantity of symposia submissions. A caliber work being conducted! In total of 175 symposia (up from 131 last terms of content, there were many Addresses by winners of the SPSP year) were submitted, so the committee submissions related to classic areas Graduate Student Committee had the enormously challenging task of such as stereotyping and prejudice, Outstanding Research Awards will be narrowing that number down to the close relationships, cultural delivered on Friday morning. ones we could accept; we are differences, emotion, motivation, exceedingly grateful for all of their and social judgment. You will see Keynote Discussion: This year, we are hard work. To respond to the good coverage of these topics in the trying something a little different. significant increase in demand for program, as well as some exciting Instead of having two excellent but symposium space, we were fortunately newer directions and methodologies topically unrelated keynote addresses, able to add a ninth room, which has the (e.g., moral psychology; “magical” this year we are holding a session on upside of being able to accept and offer beliefs; cultural neuroscience; the theme “Consciousness and Free more symposia per session, and the attachment to possessions; and how Will,” which will be addressed (with downside of increasing the approach- social and personality psychology equal excellence but differing approach conflict all of us feel when might be used to save the perspectives) by our two keynote trying to make decisions about which environment, just to name a few). speakers, John Bargh and Roy interesting session to attend at any one Baumeister. This session will be held time. The posters also span a broad range on Saturday, and it promises to be an of topics and are of very high engaging keynote session! Each symposium submission was quality. A total of 1578 were reviewed by two members of the accepted, up from 1335 last year (an Invited symposium: “Venturing out of program committee (which contained 18% increase). Additionally, this the Ivory Tower: Communicating to individuals with varied interests and year the poster sessions will be Broader Audiences about Social and expertise in social and personality organized thematically. We may Personality Psychology,” featuring psychology). We then calculated have made some errors when sorting Benedict Carey (Science and medical averages and first selected for some of the posters, and some of you writer for The New York Times) and inclusion the symposia with the highest whose research is relevant to James Pennebaker on Saturday. overall scores. The final decisions, multiple areas may have preferred to however, were also based on a number be placed into a different thematic The SPSP Training Committee of other criteria, including representing session. Our apologies in advance if symposium will be held on Friday, and areas broadly and attempting to limit this occurred (did we mention that the SPSP Diversity and Climate content and speaker overlap. We also there were 1578 posters to sort?). Committee sponsored symposium will considered whether a very similar We hope that, in the coming years, be presented on Saturday. symposium had been presented at last individuals will be able to place their (Continued on page 34) year's conference, and several DIALOGUE Page 19

Insert Guilford ad here (whole page) Page 20 DIALOGUE

PRESIDENT’S COLUMN Paying it Forward: SPSP and Mentorship By Jack Dovidio individualized support for junior mentoring to be most effective the faculty members, legal pressures for person being mentored needs to be Progression through our profession uniformity in policy and action often willing to seek assistance in the areas appears to occur in a stepwise, well- limit the extent to which faculty in which he or she is weakest. Because demarcated fashion: in the most members’ particular needs are fully met departmental mentors are commonly favorable scenario, BA, MA, Ph.D., through formal mechanisms. perceived as evaluators (which they, in job, assistant professor, associate Recognizing this, departments, fact, usually become), junior faculty professor, and full professor. However, institutions, and faculty members are often reluctant to expose their actual professional development does respond with a less formal greatest weaknesses and vulnerabilities not happen in such a discrete way; we supplement—mentoring. It provides an to them. Thus, junior faculty members are all someplace on the continuous excellent source of institutional often do not receive the assistance in “learning curve.” Although we all knowledge. Local mentoring can also the areas where they need it the most. understand this point at some level be very useful for helping junior In addition, many of the problems that from personal experience, the faculty tailor their research for the junior faculty encounter involve emphasis of the profession’s modes of particular circumstances of the dynamics within the department. evaluation on specific hurdles often institution (e.g., limited subject pools, Relationships within a department distracts us from the true continuity of availability of equipment). In this have long histories, and junior faculty professional development. article, however, I suggest that intra- are often guarded, and reasonably so, departmental or intra-institutional about bringing these problems up to a In this article, I offer some mentoring is not sufficient and that department member. Also, a problem observations about one pivotal step in senior faculty need to recognize more with informal mentoring in a the professional progression, the fully their responsibility for mentoring department is that it is often experience of being an assistant junior faculty generally—beyond their disaffected, marginalized faculty professor. Skeptics might note that it department, beyond their university, members, who are anxious to secure an has been a long time since I have been and beyond their “inner circle” of ally, who are quickest to offer an assistant professor, but I also draw collaborators. mentorship to a junior faculty member. on my experiences of a decade on Although there are indeed injustices university promotion and tenure within a department, marginalized committees and as a faculty member at It is important to find status is sometimes earned. And, three different universities. ways to promote although senior mentors within a Nevertheless, because of the great department can provide very valuable variability in personal circumstance, mentorship, general scholarly guidance, they may you will all recognize some not be able to offer the insights that inaccuracies in my generalizations. informally and come from deep experience with the The experiences of assistant professors formally, within specific topic of a junior faculty vary greatly on the different immediate member’s research interests. demands on their time (e.g., teaching scholarly Moreover, when senior and junior loads) and resources (e.g., start-up communities outside members share common scholarly funds, access to graduate students) at interests, collaborations are sometimes their current institution. New of a junior faculty discouraged so that the independent professors’ experiences also differ accomplishments of the junior faculty substantially because their preparation member’s department member will be clearer for the tenure in graduate school can diverge in and institution. decision. important ways (e.g., opportunities to gain teaching experience). Thus, the For all of these reasons, it is important formal stepwise transition from to find ways to promote mentorship, graduate student to Ph.D. in a new General mentoring is so important informally and formally, within position often obscures the great range because of the limitations and potential scholarly communities outside of a of preparation and experience of those problems of local mentoring, many of junior faculty member’s department actually taking that step. which are difficult to circumvent. One and institution. The importance of this of the problems with intra-departmental enterprise is reflected in the (Continued on page 21) Although institutions try to provide programs of support is that for DIALOGUE Page 21

“coffee hour” breaks throughout the President, Cont. Given the little time convention. (Continued from page 20) • encouragement we often give to junior that people have at To sustain mentor relationships, faculty members to go to conferences conferences and how create a speakers bureau for senior and “network. Unfortunately, no one faculty to speak at colleges that do really explained to me how to network. many things they not have a regular colloquium I have very vivid, and obviously typically have to do, series. SPSP might possibly fund enduring, images of my early such talks to a limited extent. Thus, experiences at conferences. I would the challenge is in junior faculty at institutions without identify a group of senior people a graduate program or with limited whose work I admired. They were creating more resources can have more typically in conversation. I would chances for opportunity to meet with senior approach them politely and faculty around issues of common respectfully, trying to nudge my way “intellectual interest. into the circle of conversation. And collisions” between just as I would get in position, the • To support collaborations across group would disperse and people junior and senior institutions, establish a small seed- would move on to other conversations. grant program that will support I now understand that people are often scholars to occur. modest travel expenses for junior seeing old friends, and even senior and senior faculty from different people have their networking to do. colleges to work together. Although But for years I considered brushing up Here are five concrete suggestions, much work can now be done against a luminary in the field among representing initiatives that can be through virtual meetings, face-to- my most successful networking implemented with little or only modest face interaction is important at activities. expense. Let me be quick to note that I certain critical stages of research can take credit for none of these projects. I still believe that conferences offer ideas—others have suggested these, but some of the best opportunities to I can recognize a good idea when I hear Realistically, none of these points by develop new mentoring relationships one. themselves are transformative ideas. outside of one’s department. Given the However, increasing opportunities to little time that people have at • To enhance recognition of the create new mentoring relationships for conferences and how many things they importance of mentoring within even a small portion of those who typically have to do, the challenge is in SPSP, establish an annual award for desire them can have important creating more chances for “intellectual inspirational mentorship. Many other positive effects on people’s careers. collisions” between junior and senior organizations already have such Junior faculty can learn a significant scholars to occur. But rather than awards. amount about the profession at a making the junior scholar responsible critical time in their career when time for taking the initiative, I believe that • To increase opportunities for more is of the essence. They can also expand SPSP should consider new ways to intellectual exchange, have poster their research activities and increase make this a recognized, valuable, and sessions that are organized spatially their achievements in significant ways. effective mechanism for initiating by topic and include posters by And, I can say unequivocally from my mentoring relationships that can be leading researchers in each area. own experience, these relationships are sustained over time. Although “mentor Poster sessions permit more valuable for senior faculty. I have lunches” and professional development interaction than do formal learned so much from my collaborative workshops are valuable activities, here presentations, and there is more relationships, and they have benefited I focus on ways to foster new opportunity for sharing ideas. me greatly in my own scholarly mentoring and collaborative Having leading researchers productivity. But even more relationships between junior and senior participate directly in poster sessions importantly, seeing these collaborators faculty members through research- will also raise the prestige of poster succeed, love the profession as much focused, face-to-face interaction. sessions generally. as I do, and mentor new generations of Scholarship is central to the lives of junior scholars helps me feel that I am both junior and senior researchers, and • To facilitate interactions, create a paying back the great debt I owe to it provides opportunities for the give- “match-maker” mechanism that will those who mentored me and who and-take that fosters enduring connect junior and senior faculty and helped me so much personally as well relationships. reserve small meeting areas for as professionally. ■ Page 22 DIALOGUE

NSF News: 2008 Awards and More

By Amber Story, Political Science) Lora Park of SUNY at Buffalo— Effects of goal pursuit on women’s Kellina Craig-Henderson, Lisa Libby of Ohio State University performance and persistence in & E. Gil Clary Research Foundation—Visual Science, Technology, Engineering and perspective in mental imagery: Testing Math (STEM) (co-funded by Research We would like to take this opportunity an integrative model of its effects on and Evaluation on Education in to recognize the distinguished judgment, emotion, goal-pursuit, and Science and Engineering) achievements of our colleagues who self-insight (co-funded by Decision, received grants from the Social Risk and Management Science) Stephanie Brown of University of Psychology program at the National Michigan, Ann Arbor—Physiological Science Foundation in the past fiscal Chi-Yue Chiu of University of Illinois, effects of helping others year. As you can see by this list, the Urbana-Champaign—Psychological portfolio of scientific investments reactions to foreign cultures: Effects of David Dunning of Cornell made by the Social Psychology simultaneous activation of cultures University—Motivated reasoning program is broad, inclusive, and without awareness diverse. Abstracts for these and other Susanne Abele of Miami University— proposals funded by NSF can be found Coordination in Small groups: Lowell Gaertner of University of through the Awards Database at http:// Matching and mismatching (co-funded Tennessee, Knoxville—A bio-social www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/. by Decision, Risk and Management model of positive ingroup regard Science) Awards Nicole Josette Shelton of Princeton Martin Bourgeois of Florida Gulf Coast University—Interracial interactions Emily Pronin of Princeton University University and Kristin Sommer of over time: problems and solutions —The Introspection Illusion and CUNY Baruch College—Collaborative Problems of Free Will, Actor-Observer Research: The Functions of Social Jeff Sherman of University of Differences, and Bias Correction Influence California, Davis—Automatic and controlled components of implicit Bertram Malle of University of Daphne Bugental of University of prejudice Oregon, Eugene—Is there a hierarchy California, Santa Barbara—Benevolent of social inference? Intentionality, and Hostile Ageism: Predictors, Scott Tindale of Loyola University, mind and morality Mediators and Outcomes Chicago—The role of shared mental models and cognitive load on group John Glaser of University of Aaron Schmidt of University of memory (co-funded by Decision, Risk California, Berkeley—CAREER: Akron—When and why does self- and Management Science) Implicit Motivation to control efficacy impair performance prejudice and discrimination: Nicki Crick of University of Psychological causes, interventions, Monica Biernat of University of Minnesota—Autonomic nervous and policy implications (co-funded by Kansas Center for Research—Shifting system activity and relational Law and Social Sciences) standards in language communication aggression (co-funded by and interpretation Developmental and Learning Sciences) Glenn Adams of University of Kansas Center for Research—SGER— William Cunningham of Ohio State Robert Bornstein of Adelphi Collective Forgetting of Historical University Research Foundation— University—Mental images and the Violence Social Cognitive Neuroscience of mere exposure effect Social Groups (co-funded by Cognitive Cheryl Kaiser of University of Neuroscience) Jeffrey Lucas of University of Washington—Group identity and Maryland, College Park and Jo Phelan prejudice: Implications for diversity Felicia Pratto of University of of Columbia University— Connecticut—Experimental tests of Collaborative Research: A multi- Chris Federico of University of how power dynamics cause and can method approach to stigma and status Minnesota—Ability, motivation, and reduce gender inequality processes (co-funded by Sociology) the use of ideology (co-funded by (Continued on page 23) DIALOGUE Page 23

(Continued from page 22) additional responsibilities. E. Gil Clary and advances in computational of the College of St. Catherine has thinking. There are three thematic Yuichi Shoda of University of joined the program as an additional areas: From Data to Knowledge, Washington—SGER—The effect of program officer on a temporary basis Understanding Complexity in Natural, the 2008 U. S. Presidential election on and has already proven himself a Built, and Social Systems, and implicit race categorization: A short- productive and collegial team member. Building Virtual Organizations. term longitudinal study (co-funded by Preliminary proposals are due by Political Science) In the past year, the Social Psychology December 8 or 9, 2008. This program received and considered solicitation has recently been posted at Kentaro Fujita of Ohio State proposals for 134 research projects, http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2008/nsf08604/ University Research Foundation— including 13 CAREER proposals, 6 nsf08604.htm. Construal levels and the social- RUI (Research at Undergraduate cognitive processes of self-control Institutions) proposals, and 2 Small Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Grants for Exploratory Research Human Systems (SGER) proposal. There was a total of In addition, the Social Psychology 27 research grants funded resulting in a This cross-cutting program promotes program jointly funded the following funding rate of over 20%. Although quantitative, interdisciplinary study of proposals submitted to other programs, this is not as impressively high as last complex interactions among human but which have significant potential year's funding rate of 25.7%, it should and natural systems at diverse spatial, impact on the field of social be noted that the program's budget was temporal, and organizational scales. psychology: flat in FY08. Proposal deadline is the third Tuesday in November, annually. For further William Kelley of Dartmouth We wish to recognize the considerable information, see http://www.nsf.gov/ College—Individual Differences in the efforts of those members of the Social funding/pgm_summ.jsp? Neural Basis of Self (jointly funded Psychology community who reviewed pims_id=13681&org=NSF&sel_org=NS with the Cognitive Neuroscience proposals in FY08. This includes the F&from=fund. Be on the lookout for program) members of the review panel who meet other programs involving the twice a year to advise on the scientific environment and the human elements William Hirst of New School merit and broader impacts of proposals, of climate change. University—Conversationally induced and several hundred ad hoc reviewers forgetting: Reshaping individual and who similarly advise on individual Science of Science and Innovation collective pasts (jointly funded with proposals. These anonymous reviewers Policy the Perception, Action and Cognition perform a valuable service to the social program) psychology community and we wish to The Science of Science and Innovation publicly thank them for their work. Policy solicitation, or SciSIP, promotes Penny Visser of University of Chicago the development of an evidence-based and Jeremy Freese of Northwestern What's on the Horizon for FY2009? platform from which policymakers and University—Collaborative Research: researchers can understand and Time-sharing experiments for the There are a number of broad-based, improve the dynamics of the nation's social sciences (TESS): Proposal for interdisciplinary opportunities for scientific and engineering enterprise. renewed support (jointly funded with social psychology across NSF. Don't The FY 2009 competition includes the Political Science program, among limit yourself to the social psychology three emphasis areas: Analytical Tools, others) program, as social psychologists are Model Building, and Data funded through a number of different Development and Augmentation. In Jennifer Lerner of Harvard programs. addition to these three emphasis areas, University—Leadership decision the FY 2009 competition particularly making (jointly funded with the Be on the look out for future encourages the submission of Decision, Risk, and Management announcements in these areas. proposals that demonstrate the viability Sciences program) of collecting and analyzing data on Cyber-enabled Discovery and knowledge generation and innovation Social Psychology Program Updates Innovation in organizations. Proposals are due by December 16th, annually. See http:// The Social Psychology program has Cyber-Enabled Discovery and www.nsf.gov/publications/pub_summ.jsp? expanded its ranks at least for the time Innovation (CDI) is NSF’s bold five- ods_key=nsf08586 for further being. Amber Story and Kellina Craig- year initiative to create revolutionary information. Henderson are still serving as program science and engineering research officers, but they have each taken on outcomes made possible by innovations (Continued on page 44) Page 24 DIALOGUE Notes from an Undergraduate By Emily Nusbaum and their MacBooks. You look around unaccompanied undergrads. The reason in disdain at the girls wearing for this—or so they claim—is so that To all of the professors out there sheepskin boots in the middle of the we don’t frighten clients leaving the reading this newsletter, let me be the summer and the guys checking their clinical offices. I think what really goes first to inform you of some breaking facebook accounts during your lecture, on there are not client meetings, but educational news: undergraduates are and you are thankful that most of these support groups where professors educated adults, too. Don’t be students are in there to fulfill a wallow in the shame of their failed frightened when you finish reading this requirement to graduate; the rest are classroom humor. If we had only article and have an “I see only there because they got lost on the opened the textbook you told us to undergraduates” experience a la The way to English 101. You’ll never have read, we would have laughed at your Sixth Sense. Like those dead people, we to see these students again—or so you joke about the cobbler who made social aren’t out to get you; we just want to think. loafers. All is not lost, though; we grew show you we’re here for a reason— up with The Cosby Show—we know Next semester you see some familiar besides binge drinking at the fraternity how to pretend a bad joke never iPod covers. You start to panic, but you house, that is. I can’t guarantee we existed. won’t turn into flesh-eating zombies act cool—surely these are the same the next time you assign us a journal students who were lost last semester. I know that it may be trying to deal article summary—busy work does tend They’re lost again, looking for their with us undergrads—we are the to make undergraduates a little crazy— new English 101 classroom, because minions of Steve Jobs, we pretend we but if you treat us like we’re capable of the literary analysis of symbolism in don’t know how to open a textbook, understanding your “complicated Intro to Psychology they handed you at and our fashion mistakes are so psychological terminology” I can the end of the semester—as creative as blinding that they sometimes make it assure you we’ll snack on the World it was—didn’t earn credit for another difficult to lecture. Just teach us what Regional Geography teacher instead. class in which they never attended once you can and try not to laugh at our an entire semester. But when you gross lack of knowledge. One day we When you accepted your job offer at an realize they aren’t lost at all and are in will wield the “reject” stamp for peer- institution of higher learning, you your class again on purpose, you try to reviewed journals—and if we learn probably thought that the undergrads scare them off by making them read nothing from you, professor, be were actually there to learn—then you Freud’s Interpretation of Dreams—in forewarned that Homer Simpson has spoke with the jaded professors in the German. You’ve prepared for the taught us how to hold a grudge. ■ psychology department. They complain stalking students next semester—you that their students are serial social posted your syllabus early on loafers who can’t open a textbook to Blackboard and made sure to highlight save their life. So we undergrads the 25 page paper due in place of a occasionally skip to the chapter final exam. Alas, you find that you summary in the back of the book and can’t thwart these persistent students call that “reading”—at least we know with copious writing and pointless, how to BS our way to sounding like we complicated reading—what do you do studied. We’ve been given so much now? The slackers you taught Intro to busy work over the years of our Psychology to as a T.A. are the education that we’ve become BS opposite of the students stalking you superheroes. It’s almost a formula: now. There is no need to zip into a Society for quote this, paraphrase that, and always biohazard suit around these Personality and agree with the original thesis. After undergrads—when we come to see you your first year teaching undergrad in your office it’s not a plot to infect Social sychology psychology, you’ve read so many you with our toxic lack of papers manufactured with the BS psychological vocabulary. We just Visit us at formula you can use SPSS to predict want you to teach us what you can, and which studies will be cited on a leave the BS-ing to us. www.spsp.org particular topic. Professors—though they may not see it Imagine for a moment your classroom themselves—are tragic in their own full of backward hat-wearing, Maslow- way. There is a whole floor in our quoting undergrads with their iPods psychology building that prohibits DIALOGUE Page 25

provoking keynote address on what News from APA Council makes certain people excel outside of the norm, which is the basis of his By Janet Swim and Lynne that the task members were scientists book, Outliers. Cooper first and foremost scientist, that objective reviews of the research were Upcoming conferences. President-

obtained, and, when a task force Elect James Bray is working on APA Task force reports members research was cited, the revisions to the upcoming council to

process included having other put more effort into cross-cutting APA council of representatives committee members review their themes at the next APA council approved several task force reports of reports. meeting. This includes requesting interest to social psychologists. The final report clearly discusses divisions to donate hours to the Reports that consist of research methodological issues to consider when convention to facilitate this effort. reviews will appear on the APA evaluating research and limitations of website. Three of these research the current state of the literature. While Council received a task force report on reviews are noted below, but others keeping these issues in mind, the report improving APA conventions to appeal can be found on the APA website. notes that Abortion has been associated to scientists. Recommendations

with negative outcomes but the included 1) provide guidance for IRB reviews. Council approved outcomes are not more harmful than professional development such as receiving a task force report on those associated with unplanned presenting best practices for working Institutional Review Boards and pregnancies that come to term. The full with Institutional Review Boards, Psychological Science. Thomas report can be found at: http:// providing instruction on specialized Eissenberg, chaired the committee www.apa.org/releases/abortion-report.pdf statistical analysis, giving whose other members were Monica recommendations for strategies for Biernat, Peter Finn, Daniel Ilgen, Transgender identity. Council multidisciplinary work; 2) implement Barbara Stanley, and Scyatta Wallace. approved receiving a task force report innovative programming such as Additionally, this was facilitated by on transgender identity. Margaret increasing means for dialogue among Sharon Brehm when she was APA Schneider chaired the task force whose researchers and increase the status of President. The task force recommends other members were Walter Bockting, posters such as by having posters from establishing a continuing committee on Randall Ehrbar, Anne A. Lawrence, distinguished scientists or publishing ethical conduct in research with human Katherine Rachlin, and Kenneth posters in proceedings; 3) Organize participants, establishing training Zucker. Included in this report is a programming around integrative opportunities to facilitate work with review of related terminology, topics; 4) remove barriers to IRBs, APA take an active role in treatment of adults and children for collaborative programming that are facilitating communication between Gender Identity Disorder, and reports present in the current system. researchers and IRBs, and APA of discrimination faced by improving its advocacy efforts with transgendered individuals. Consistent Other news funding agencies with research aimed with recommendations from this report, at developing and evaluating council also endorsed a resolution APA website has been updated to be improvement IRB policy and against discrimination against more user friendly and functional. The procedures. Look for more on this in transgendered individuals. The full report APA received a national award for its articles in the American Psychologist. can be found at: http://www.apa.org/pi/lgbc/ PsycNet platform that allows The full report can be found at http:// transgender/2008TaskForceReport.pdf simultaneous searching through all of www.apa.org/science/rcr/ it APA databases. IRB_Report2007.pdf Conference news

Science Education. President-Elect Abortion and Mental Health. APA awards and guest speaker. James Bray is working on developing Council approved receiving a task Senator Edward M. Kennedy received a science education program, which force report on Abortion and Mental an APA presidential citation for his will include development of training Health. Brenda Major chaired the task work on Mental Health Parity in programs to assist scientists with force whose other members were Mark congress. Kennedy's son, Rep. Patrick multi-disciplinary work. Appelbaum, Linda Beckman. Mary Kennedy, D-RI, also a champion of Ann Dutton, Nancy Felipe, and mental health parity, received the APA strategic planning is well Carolyn West. The report represents an award on his behave. Also at the underway. Council discussed, but did update from a 1990 report. Concerns opening ceremonies, Malcom Gladwell not agree upon, a new mission and that were raised about composition of gave an engaging and thought (Continued on page 37) committee were addressed by noting Page 26 DIALOGUE The Top 25 Most Cited Articles in Personality and Social Psychology Review

By Angela Nierman Dialogue recently featured an article listing highly-cited articles from Personality and Social Psychology Review. This listing was based on Thomson Scientifics' Web of Science (WoS) which misses some citations, and does not cover all of PSPR’s publication history. The difference between this count and other counts made available to the Editors prompted an updated, more complete accounting. For these tables, the number of citations for all PSPR articles was obtained from two citation index databases, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Due to missing data in WoS for articles published before 2000, some citation counts for WoS were estimated by regressing WoS citations on Google Scholar citations. The top 25 most cited PSPR articles according to Google Scholar are listed with their corresponding WoS ranks and the total citations the article received in each database. A second ranking lists the top 25 most cited articles controlling for number of years since publication. Using only the numbers from Google Scholar, the total number of citations was divided by the number of years since publication.■

Total Web of Total Google Citations Science Citations Rank Authors and Article Titles (Google Rank (Web of Scholar) Science)

McKenna & Bargh (2000). Plan 9 From Cyberspace: The Implications of the 1 4 280 144 Internet for Personality and Social Psychology Cacioppo, Gardner, & Berntson (1997). Beyond Bipolar 2 2 249 155§ Conceptualizations and Measures: The Case of Attitudes and Evaluative Space. Smith & DeCoster (2000). Dual-Process Models in Social and Cognitive 3 1 244 164 Psychology: Conceptual Integration and Links to Underlying Memory Systems Strack & Deutsch (2004). Reflective and Impulsive Determinants of Social 4 3 215 152 Behavior

5 7 Bandura (1999). Moral Disengagement in the Perpetration of Inhumanities 182 114§

6 6 Blair (2002). The Malleability of Automatic Stereotypes and Prejudice 172 131

Rozin & Royzman (2001). Negativity Bias, Negativity Dominance, and 7 5 170 137 Contagion Sellers, Smith, Shelton, Rowley, & Chavous (1998). Multidimensional 8 8 Model of Racial Identity: A Reconceptualization of African American Racial 164 102§ Identity

9 10 Hogg (2001). A Social Identity Theory of Leadership 148 92

Ajzen (2002). Residual Effects of Past on Later Behavior: Habituation and 10 9 144 100 Reasoned Action Perspectives Rubin & Hewstone (1998). Social Identity Theory's Self-Esteem Hypothesis: 11 11 142 89§ A Review and Some Suggestions for Clarification Niedenthal, Barsalous, Winkielman, Krauth-Gruber, & Ric (2005). 12 18 133 70 Embodiment in Attitudes, Social Perception, and Emotion

— 19 Tesser (2000). On the Confluence of Self-Esteem Maintenance Mechanisms 88 69

Baumeister, Catanese, & Vohs (2001). Is There a Gender Difference in 13 22 Strength of Sex Drive? Theoretical Views, Conceptual Distinctions, and a 132 65 Review of Relevant Evidence Fraley (2002). Attachment Stability From Infancy to Adulthood: Meta-Analysis — 23 77 63 and Dynamic Modeling of Developmental Mechanisms Helweg-Larsen, & Shepperd (2001). Do Moderators of the Optimistic Bias 14 27 129 59 Affect Personal or Target Risk Estimates? A Review of the Literature Caporael (1997). The Evolution of Truly Social Cognition: The Core 15 13 124 78§ Configurations Model DIALOGUE Page 27

Editor Search, Personality and Social Psychology Review

The Publications Committee and the Executive Committee of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc., has opened nominations for the editorship of Personality and Social Psychology Review. The editor¹s term will be for 4 years, which will begin January 1, 2010. The editor¹s stature in the field should be commensurate with PSPR’s high quality and strong impact; the editor typically holds the rank of professor. Nominations, which may include self-nominations, should be in the form of a statement of one page or less. All inquiries or nominations should be submitted to Randy Larsen, Chair of the Publication Committee, via e-mail [email protected] or regular mail:

Randy J. Larsen Stuckenberg Professor of Human Values and Chair Department of Psychology Campus Box 1125 Washington University in St. Louis One Brookings Drive St. Louis, MO 63130

Review of nominations by the publication committee (Randy Larsen, Wendy Wood, Duane Wegener) will begin as nominations are received, with initial deliberations for recommendations to the Executive Committee beginning in February, 2009. ■

16 14. Schwarz (1998). Accessible Content and Accessibility Experiences: The 121 76§ Interplay of Declarative and Experiential Information in Judgment 17 15. Mummendey & Wenzel (1999). Social Discrimination and Tolerance in 120 75§ Intergroup Relations: Reactions to Intergroup Difference — 16. Leyens, Paladino, Rodriquez-Torres, Vaes, Demouline, Rodriguez- Perez, & Gaunt (2000). The Emotional Side of Prejudice: The Attribution 61 72 of Secondary Emotions to Ingroups and Outgroups 18 12. Hornsey & Hogg (2000). Assimilation and Diversity: An Integrative Model 118 82 of Subgroup Relations 19 17. Tyler (1997). The Psychology of Legitimacy: A Relational Perspective on 113 71§ Voluntary Deference to Authorities 20 29. Carver (2001). Affect and the Functional Bases of Behavior: On the 107 54 Dimensional Structure of Affective Experience

21 20. Rohan (2000). A Rose by Any Name? The Values Construct 105 68

— 21. Tamres, Janicki, & Helgeson (2002). Sex Differences in Coping Behavior: 80 66 A Meta-Analytic Review and an Examination of Relative Coping

22 24. Gollwitzer, & Schaal (1998). Metacognition in Action: The Importance of 99 62§ Implementation Intentions 23 25. Malle (1999). How People Explain Behavior: A New Theoretical Framework 95 60§

24 26. Feist (1998). A Meta-Analysis of Personality in Scientific and Artistic 95 60§ Creativity 25 28. Tyler & Blader (2003). The Group Engagement Model: Procedural Justice, 90 54 Social Identity, and Cooperative Behavior

§ Citation has been imputed via regression due to missing data in the Web of Science database for articles published before the year 2000. (For Table controlling for years since publication, see p. 30)■ Page 28 DIALOGUE

written by the most highly regarded investigators in their area of expertise. Announcements Kent Berridge writes of the volume: 5th European Spring Conference Books "Elliot's Handbook is the A to Z of on Social Psychology approach and avoidance. The list of in St. Moritz (Champfèr), Switzerland Ed Diener & Robert Biswas-Diener authors reads like a 'who's who' of the (2008). Happiness: Unlocking the March 14-21, 2009 very best leaders in psychology and Mysteries of Psychological Wealth. neuroscience today. The topics include Next year’s European Spring Malden, MA: Blackwell. brain mechanisms of fear and desire, Conference on Social Psychology will basic elements of emotion and again be held in St. Moritz, Ed Diener and son Biswas-Diener share personality, evaluation and self- Switzerland. The location is the Hotel the results of three decades of research regulation, and social and achievement Europa (www.hotel-europa.ch) in Champfèr on happiness. Some key points: motivation. Everything one could want that in the past has offered excellent 1) Psychological wealth is more than in an up-to-date analysis of motivation service and inexpensive rates. The money. It is also your attitudes, goals and emotion is here. conference will be organized by Fritz and engaging activities at work; 2) Strack ( [email protected] Happiness not only feels good, but is Richard Gonzalez (2008). Data wuerzburg.de), Arie Kruglanski beneficial to relationships, work and Analysis for Experimental Design. New ([email protected]) and Wolfgang health; 3) It is helpful to set realistic York: Guilford Stroebe ([email protected]) who can be expectations about happiness. No one contacted for further information. is intensely happy all of the time; 4) This is a textbook that arose out a Thinking is an important aspect to discussion between Profs. Gonzalez Meeting on Self-Regulation happiness. Our theory of Attention, and Edwards, whose "Blue Book" was Approaches to Group Processes Interpretation, and Memory (AIM) the field's standard introduction to

helps readers increase their experimental design. Allen Edwards The integration of self-regulation psychological wealth. theories to group processes is a died before a new version of "Experimental Design in Psychological relatively young and growing field of Joachim Krueger (Ed.), (2008). research, and it is the aim with this Research" could come out of their Rationality and Social Responsibility. collaboration. This text is an updating Small Group Meeting to document the New York: Psychology Press. state of the research and to further its of the Edwards text, with very specific instruction in both design and statistics impact. In particular, we seek to This volume of essays celebrates the instigate an exchange of: (a) and data analysis. The book is replete remarkable and diverse contributions of with practical information as well as researchers that are working on self- Robyn Dawes, who asked investigators regulation in other domains theoretical information, and any reader to take seriously the question of how of Edwards' original text will be of social psychology that can impact on individuals can reconcile self-interest the inter- and intragroup self regulation delighted to see the return of the (rationality) with the collective good "farmer from Whidbey Island" to perspective, (b) scholars with a (social responsibility). Many fine background in group research that are introduce probability theory and the chapters cover decision making, design of experiments. It is designed interested in applying self-regulation statistics, rationality, trust and approaches and (c) finally, those who for advanced undergraduates of cooperation, and group dynamics. beginning graduate students. have already conducted self-regulation research on both group phenomena. Andrew J. Elliot (Ed.), (2008). Michael E. McCullough (2008). Handbook of approach and avoidance We are planning to host the meeting Beyond Revenge: The Evolution of the motivation. New York: Taylor & San Francisco: from the 21st of June (arrival in the Forgiveness Instinct. Francis. Jossey-Bass evening) to the 24th of June (departure in the morning) at a cozy conference Of the many conceptual distinctions in location close to Tübingen, Germany. This book makes that argument that psychology, the approach-avoidance revenge is not a disease, but rather both If you are interested in participating, distinction stands out as one of, if not please send an email including the revenge and forgiveness are adaptive the, most fundamental and basic. This (Continued on page 29) title , an abstract (max. 250 words) and volume highlights the importance of your contact details to Karin Kaldewey this distinction for theory and research [email protected]) before 15th of across a diversity of disciplines, and Send announcements to the February 2009. For further information represents a one-stop resource for please contact Kai J. Jonas scholars interested in motivation. The Incoming Editors, Hart ([email protected]). book contains thirty-seven chapters Blanton and Diane Quinn. DIALOGUE Page 29

Announcements, Cont. Training Committee News for our species. Written in an accessible style, covering game theory and studies and Activities of both human and animal behavior, McCullough traces out a wide ranged health issues and how to use health By Theresa K. Vescio of foundational mechanisms of choice, problems to inform and direct social from the neurological to the and personality theory. Talks will also The SPSP Training Committee seeks to psychological, to the cultural and cover issues of how to juggle the provide emerging, developing and religious mechanisms. What leads to demands of managing a health research evolving scholars and professionals forgiveness? Is it possible to create career in the academic world and with training on cutting edge topics and condition that lead to forgiveness on provide guidance for seeking methods to maximize the impact of the societal, or even the global level? extramural funding for research at the research in personality and social Cycles of revenge seem self- intersection of health and social/ psychology as a basis for supporting perpetuating, but McCullough argues personality psychology. James and improving health, education, and there is a human collective will to Shepperd and Jamie Arndt are co- human welfare. Toward that end, the break the cycle. New approaches are chairing the preconference and Training Committee sponsors activities reviewed, including truth and speakers will include Alex Rothman, that provide training opportunities on reconciliation commissions and Judy Hall, Paul Han, Jamie cutting edge theories, research, and restorative justice. Such approaches Goldenberg, Michael Scheier, Rick data analytic tools. The Training may be capable of instigating a human Gibbons, Joel Cooper, Marie Helweg- Committee also sponsors activities that —and hardwired—impulse to forgive. Larsen, and Sarah Kobrin. facilitate networking among those who work on related topics from different Kathleen D. Vohs and Eli J. Finkel theoretical and methodological The training committee has also (Eds.) (2007). Self and Relationships: perspectives, and among personality planned two events that are intended to Connecting Intrapersonal and and social psychologists working provide emerging and developing Interpersonal Processes. New York: within and beyond the walls of the scholars with guidance. The training committee will be sponsoring a Guilford Press academy. symposium session entitled, “Research This volume provides a comprehensive The members of the training committee Ideas: Where they come from and how overview of the research on self and have planned three activities at the they are refined and tested.? Second, relationships. Articulating the mutual upcoming annual meeting of the the National Cancer Institute and the nature of this association, the authors Society for Personality and Social Training Committee will be sponsoring provide different accounts for the Psychology in Tampa, Florida. a post conference grant writing processes governing it, using various workshop with particular focus on how perspectives such as self-regulation, First, under the guidance of James to write an R03. personal and social motivations, and Shepperd and in collaboration with the attachment theory. Authors present National Cancer Institute, the members As always, the members of the research in an understandable manner of the training committee are pleased to Training Committee welcome feedback while maintaining a level of analysis announce a preconference for the and suggestions. Nominations for which stimulates ideas for future upcoming SPSP 2009 conference in additions to the committee are also directions of research. Overall the Tampa entitled, “Health Research in welcome. Please send the names of volume is well planned and wide- Social and Personality Psychology.” people who are both stellar researchers ranging making it suited both for The preconference is designed to and dedicated teachers who you would scholars in the field and for students. ■ facilitate an understanding that the like to nominate for membership on the health context offers a fertile platform Training Committee to Terri Vescio to test classic social and personality ([email protected]) by January 30, 2009. SPSP at Tampa on theory. Toward that end, the pre- Facebook conference will feature talks by an Members of the Training Committee exciting panel of established include Jamie Arndt (Chair, SPSP is sponsoring a Facebook researchers and will cover areas related [email protected]), Marti Hope Group in advance of the SPSP Annual to scholarly and practical concerns. For Gonzales ([email protected]), and Terri Meeting in Tampa. Join SPSP Annual instance, talks will cover issues of how Vescio (outgoing Chair, [email protected]). Meeting, Tampa 2009, for a chance to to apply classic and novel social and ■ share information and begin social personality theory to understanding networking in advance of the meeting. Page 30 DIALOGUE

Total Citations in PSPR Controlling for Years since Publication (see p. 26 for top 25 overall)

Citations per Year Authors and Article Titles Rank (Google Scholar)

1 Strack & Deutsch (2004). Reflective and Impulsive Determinants of Social Behavior 54 2 Niedenthal, Barsalous, Winkielman, Krauth-Gruber, & Ric (2005). Embodiment in 44 Attitudes, Social Perception, and Emotion 3 McKenna & Bargh (2000). Plan 9 From Cyberspace: The Implications of the Internet for 35 Personality and Social Psychology 4 34 Heine & Hamamura (2007). In Search of East Asian Self-Enhancement

5 Haselton & Nettle (2006). The Paranoid Optimist: An Integrative Evolutionary Model of 31 Cognitive Biases 6 Smith & DeCoster (2000). Dual-Process Models in Social and Cognitive Psychology: Con- 31 ceptual Integration and Links to Underlying Memory Systems 7 29 Blair (2002). The Malleability of Automatic Stereotypes and Prejudice

8 24 Rozin & Royzman (2001). Negativity Bias, Negativity Dominance, and Contagion 9 Ajzen (2002). Residual Effects of Past on Later Behavior: Habituation and Reasoned Action 24 Perspectives 10 Leaper & Ayres (2007). A Meta-Analytic Review of Gender Variations in Adults' Language 23 Use: Talkativeness, Affiliative Speech, and Assertive Speech 11 Cacioppo, Gardner, & Berntson (1997). Beyond bipolar conceptualizations and measures: 23 The case of attitudes and evaluative space. 12 22 Epstude & Roese (2008). The Functional Theory of Counterfactual Thinking 13 21 Hogg (2001). A Social Identity Theory of Leadership

14 20 Bandura (1999). Moral Disengagement in the Perpetration of Inhumanities 15 20 Barrett (2006). Solving the Emotion Paradox: Categorization and the Experience of Emotion

16 Baumeister, Catanese, & Vohs (2001). Is There a Gender Difference in Strength of Sex 19 Drive? Theoretical Views, Conceptual Distinctions, and a Review of Relevant Evidence 17 Helweg-Larsen, & Shepperd (2001). Do Moderators of the Optimistic Bias Affect Personal 18 or Target Risk Estimates? A Review of the Literature 18 Tyler & Blader (2003). The Group Engagement Model: Procedural Justice, Social Identity, 18 and Cooperative Behavior 19 Bond & DePaulo (2006). Accuracy of Deception Judgments 18 20 18 Archer & Coyne (2005). An Integrated Review of Indirect, Relational, and Social Aggression

21 Sellers, Smith, Shelton, Rowley, & Chavous (1998). Multidimensional Model of Racial 16 Identity: A Reconceptualization of African American Racial Identity 22 Carver (2001). Affect and the Functional Bases of Behavior: On the Dimensional Structure of 15 Affective Experience 23 Hornsey & Hogg (2000). Assimilation and Diversity: An Integrative Model of Subgroup Rela- 15 tions 24 Rubin & Hewstone (1998). Social Identity Theory's Self-Esteem Hypothesis: A Review and 14 Some Suggestions for Clarification 25 McLean, Pasupathi, & Pals (2007). Selves Creating Stories Creating Selves: A Process 14 Model of Self-Development DIALOGUE Page 31

New Cross-Society Journal is in the Works An exciting new short reports journal as the publisher. the journal title is clearly inclusive of is in the works as a joint venture of the Every member of a consortium society social and personality psychology, but Association for Research in will receive a free electronic is hopefully distinctive and relatively Personality (ARP), the European subscription to the journal, and will short. Please feel free to submit Association of Social Psychology have the option to individually multiple suggestions. Nominations of (EASP), the Society of Experimental subscribe to get a discounted print copy journal names should be submitted by Social Psychology (SESP), and the of the journal. The journal will reach a e-mail to at least one member of the Society for Personality and Social combined membership of over 6,000 Consortium Committee. The winner of Psychology (SPSP). scholars. An open call is made for the journal contest will receive a free nominations for editor and for one-year print subscription to the This new journal will publish relatively suggestions for a journal title. journal. short reports (under 5000 words excluding references) that have Editor nominations: Self and other For more information, or to submit theoretical and practical significance, nominations will be editor nominations or journal title and that represent an advance to social accepted. Nominees must have suggestions, please contact one or psychological and/or personality previous experience as an editor or more of the following members of the science. Articles are expected to be of associate editor of a journal in social or Consortium Committee: broad interest both within and outside personality psychology, or a closely of social and personality psychology, related area. Nominations should be Carsten de Dreu, EASP, and should be written to be intelligible submitted by e-mail to at least one ([email protected]) to a wide range of readers including member of the Consortium Committee, Richard Petty, SPSP, the popular science press. Following and should include a cover letter ([email protected]) the model provided by Science, specifying the candidate’s area of Nature, and Psychological Science, the expertise and previous editorial Brent Roberts, ARP, ([email protected]) journal will use a fast-track review experience by November 26, 2008. We process. The plan is to formally launch anticipate appointing the editor by Linda Skitka, SESP, ([email protected]) early in 2010, and to begin receiving January 1, 2009. ■ manuscripts in spring 2009, with Sage Journal title contest: A priority is that

321-336. Randy Larsen chaired the Publications, Continued Kathleen Kennedy of Princeton Student Publication Award committee, University received the SPSP Student which reviewed 36 papers eligible for Publication Award for her article (co- (Continued from page 7) the award (32 from PSPB and 4 from authored with Emily Pronin), “When journal. They have done an exceptional PSPR). disagreement gets ugly: Perceptions of job and are to be commended. bias and the escalation of conflict," Finally, this edition of Dialogue bids which appeared in Personality and PSPR Editor Galen Bodenhausen farewell to editors Monica Biernat and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 849- reports that the journal received 41 Chris Crandall whose term ends on 861. In addition, honorable mentions new submissions for the first six December 31, 2008. Monica and Chris went to Jane Risen of Cornell months of 2008 which is an increase of have served as Dialogue editors for University for her article (co-authored 46% over previous years. Galen and eight years and during their tenure they with Thomas Gilovich and David his associate editors provided authors have elevated Dialogue to the Dunning), “One-shot illusory with timely feedback averaging an professional, informative, and correlations and stereotype formation,” editorial decision lag of 9.2 weeks. entertaining newsletter it is today. We Personality and Social Psychology Accepted papers were published with a look forward to the new editors Hart Bulletin, vol. 33, pp. 1492-1502, and very short 5.4 month publication lag. Blanton (now at Texas A&M Tessa West of the University of As was the case with PSPB, PSPR University, but on his way to the Connecticut for her paper (co-authored continues to publish high quality, University of Connecticut in Fall 2009) with Danielle Popp and David Kenny), widely cited work. Its 2007 impact and Diane Quinn (University of “A guide for the estimation of gender rating of 4.46 places it first among the Connecticut) taking over in January, and sexual orientation effects in dyadic forty journals included in the index 2009. ■ data: An actor-partner interdependent (excluding Advances in Experimental model approach,” Personality and Social Psychology). Social Psychology Bulletin, vol. 34, pp. Page 32 DIALOGUE

Society Awards, 2007 Theoretical Innovation Prize

Of the 46 excellent papers submitted field research, to go to the best Awards for Distinguished for the TIP, the committee felt that empirical research paper applying Service on Behalf of Social- two of them best met the award social psychological theories and Personality Psychology criteria. methods in field settings.

John T. Cacioppo & Robert B. Cialdini John Cacioppo’s contributions to The Theoretical

personality/social psychology are Robert B. Cialdini has made various Innovation Prize went to numerous and far-ranging. He has contributions to the field of served on innumerable advisories "On Seeing Human: A personality/social psychology, most boards for national institutes and notably in his role as an influential Three-Factor Theory of funding agencies, such as the National ambassador of our field to other Institutes of Health, National Institute Anthropomorphism" disciplines as well as the public at on Aging, National Science authored by Nicholas large. He is a brilliant speaker, who Foundation, and the National Academy easily conveys the importance of social Epley, Adam Waytz, and of Sciences, as well at centers at psychological research. He has written specific universities integrating John Cacioppo, two widely-read books that have behavioral with neuroscience research introduced others to the worth of published in October's (e.g., UCLA, University of Rochester, personality/social psychology. Beckman Institute). Psychological Review.

In addition, he has served on the board Cialdini has been an of the Association for Psychological

Science and as President of the Society influential ambassador The winning paper was "On Seeing for Psychophysiological Research, of our field to other Human: A Three-Factor Theory of APA Division 23 (Consumer Anthropomorphism" authored by disciplines as well as Psychology), and the Society for Nicholas Epley, Adam Waytz, and Personality and Social Psychology, the public at large . . . . John Cacioppo and published in where he played a crucial role in the October's Psychological Review. He is a brilliant creation of Personality and Social

Psychology Review. speaker. Honorable mention goes to "How

Emotion Shapes Behavior: Feedback,

Anticipation, and Reflection, Rather He has taken his expertise and applied Than Direct Causation" authored by it to substantive community projects Cacioppo’s Roy Baumeister, Kathleen Vohs, taking place in Phoenix, Arizona. With contributions to Nathan DeWall, and Liqing Zhang and the local Blood Services Organization, published in May's Personality and he has worked to increase donations. personality/social Social Psychology Review. With the local parks and recreation psychology are department, he has worked to reduce numerous and far- The prize recognizes theoretical littering in public areas. With Chicanos articles that are especially por la causa, he has educated local ranging including likely to generate the discovery of new inner city residents to avoid undue playing a crucial role in hypotheses, new phenomena, or pressure from salesman, new ways of thinking about the merchandisers, and fundraisers. the creation of the discipline of social/personality Personality and Social psychology.

He has served also as the president of Psychology Review. SPSP, as well as an associate editor of The committee consisted of Todd the Journal of Personality and Social Heatherton (Chair), Randy Psychology. He recently funded the Larsen, Sandra Murray, Steven Heine, annual Robert B. Cialdini Award in Mark Leary, and Mahzarin Banaji ■ DIALOGUE Page 33

Put EQS-MVS Ad Here EQS 6 ad.pdf (Whole Page) Page 34 DIALOGUE

Fall 2008 Graduate Student Committee Report

Nathan Arbuckle, Melanie Canterberry, popular mentoring event. In the past, By Helen Lee Lin Jason A. Cantone, Wendy de Waal- this GSC event featured approximately The new Graduate Student Committee Andrews, Megan Donahue, David 20 mentors and topics, serving 50 to has been working tirelessly to prepare Frederick, Jim Fryer, Zebbedia Gibb, 150 students. To accommodate the conference events for the graduate Jessica Gonzalez, Amy Hillard, Melisa growing interest in this event, for the student community. Here is an A. Holovics, Gina M. Hoover, Pelin first time, the GSC is pleased to double overview of what you can expect at the Kesebir, Selin Kesebir, Judith Kucsera, this lunchtime opportunity to chat with 2009 meeting in Tampa! Valerie Laws, Sadie Leder, Karyn L. faculty members and professionals on a

2009 Outstanding Research Award Lewis, Elizabeth A. Majka, Marina variety of topics (such as non-academic Symposium Milyavskaya, Amanda Leigh Morin, jobs, publications, and professional Erin Myers, Jennifer Passey, Julie development) by offering it on both This summer, ORA coordinators Pozzebon, Brandon Randolph-Seng, Friday AND Saturday. If you are Megan O’Grady and Jennifer Pamela Sawyer, Jordan Troisi, Heather interested in participating, keep an eye Pattershall received over 40 Barnes Truelove, Ashley Waggoner, on the SPSP announcement listserv for outstanding applications for this award Dana Weiser, Ellen Yeung, and updates. Spots fill up quickly! competition. Our student reviewers Mingming Zhou, for your enthusiastic deliberated for several weeks this support of this GSC event! GSC Poster on Job Applicant summer before declaring four winners: Characteristics M. Janelle Cambron (University of Meet & Greet at the 2009 GSC Social Houston), Michael W. Kraus Hour We asked, and you responded. Almost (University of California, Berkeley), 300 current students and recent Steven J. Stanton (Duke University), The GSC welcomes all graduate students to attend the GSC social hour graduates responded to our survey on and Adam Waytz (University of SPSP job applicant characteristics, Chicago). Our winners will present on Friday evening, February 6th. Take this opportunity to relax after a long answering questions about their exceptional research in a special publications, teaching experience, and symposium on Friday morning, day of conference programming—meet your current and new GSC the job market process. Our poster will February 6th. All members of the be on display during the final poster SPSP community are welcome to representatives, chat with fellow graduate students, and win some fun session Saturday evening, February attend, and we urge you to show your 7th. Be sure to stop by and see the support for these promising new prizes! We’ll also provide some light refreshments, so don’t be late. We look highlights of our study! researchers. forward to seeing all the students we’ve corresponded with this year, as well as Want to Get Involved? We would like to recognize the 33 graduate students who volunteered to meeting new graduate students! Would you like to work with other serve as peer reviewers for the 2009 graduate students, gain networking ORA. We could not have assembled 2009 Mentor Lunch is Growing opportunities, and make a difference in such a great program without your Luncheon coordinators Sonia Kang and (Continued on page 35) help. Thanks to Darshon L. Anderson, Greg Preuss are expanding the ever-

SPSP: Tampa 2009, Cont. http://www.spspmeeting.org/ for further All of this, sunny weather, and the information). We anticipate that the pirates of Gasparilla too. We look (Continued from page 18) 2009 conference will be the most well forward to seeing you in Tampa this Finally, several agencies will be attended one we have ever had because February, and trust that everyone will offering helpful presentations dealing of the desirable location and the very enjoy the very best that Tampa and the with current funding opportunities, high quality and diversity of symposia conference will have to offer. including the National Science and posters. The hotels, therefore, will Foundation on Friday morning, and a fill up very quickly, so make your 2009 Convention Committee: Jeff workshop by the National Cancer reservations early. Please try to make Simpson (Chair), Wendi Gardner and Institute on Sunday morning. your reservations at one of the hotels Sam Gosling (Program Committee listed on the conference website. SPSP Chairs), Monica Biernat, and Bill Remember that the conference hotels has negotiated special rates with each Graziano. ■ are now open for registration (go to of these hotels.

DIALOGUE Page 35

Describing News from the GSC, Continued Personality, Cont. (Continued from page 34) University became the moderator of the SPSP community? Then run for the GSC student listserve during his (Continued from page 9) office? The GSC is accepting presidency and continues to offer his we need to understand more clearly nominations and campaign statements services to this conduit for student-to- why this has occurred. Specifically, it for the 2009-2010 Graduate Student student exchanges. is now time to understand more deeply Committee. If you think you or the reasons why the varimax-rotated someone you know should be the next Dr. Camille Johnson (GSC President factors in EFA analyses are located GSC President or Member-At-Large, ’02-’03) of San Jose State University differentially in the analyses of now’s the chance. Undergraduates established our quarterly e-newsletter, different personality lexicons. For who wish to become more involved are The FORUM, during her presidency future studies in the lexical tradition, it also eligible for election. The election and has formatted each issue ever is necessary to open the cover of the period will start in November 2008, since. The FORUM covers topics EFA box, peer into each lexicon to and the new Graduate Student relevant and useful to graduate learn what is there, and thereby be able Committee will take office on March students, and both past and current to predict what the varimax factors 1, 2009. Please help us assemble a new issues can be found online at www.spsp.org/student. should look like in empirical studies of amazing group of leaders by referring that language, without actually having students who might be interested! SPSP Webmaster Dr. Yoel Inbar of the to conduct such analyses. Our Appreciation Goes To… Kennedy School at Harvard recently re-vamped the FORUM archives on Why is this now so necessary? The first Finally, the GSC would like to the SPSP website. Past issues with reason is theoretical and substantive: acknowledge the efforts of certain particularly pertinent articles are There must be some characteristics of individuals who have contributed featured under Editor’s Picks, and all the lexicon that determine those factor greatly to our functioning. issues are now listed with descriptor positions, and it is time that we keywords so that readers can quickly understood the nature of the links In particular, we give special thanks to locate the article they are seeking. between the lexical inputs and the past officers whose devotion to the factor outputs. To abdicate a deeper GSC mission is truly unwavering. If you have questions about the GSC analysis of the lexical hypothesis by They generously continue to volunteer news or events, don’t hesitate to merely describing the content of each their time in support of our endeavors. contact us at [email protected]. The varimax factor hides any true scientific GSC President, Helen Lee Lin, can be Dr. Darin Challacombe (GSC understanding of the nature of those reached at [email protected]. We love to hear President ’05-’06) of Fort Hays State factors, and the reasons for any cross- from you! ■ cultural similarities and differences among them. will never be possible to carry out therefore our first goal must be to empirical studies in all of the languages figure out ways to characterize To abdicate a deeper of the world, and so any search for personality lexicons by content analysis of the lexical lexical universals must rest on analyses categories. Any systematic attempt to of their personality lexicons alone. accomplish this task, such as the hypothesis by merely Indeed, one might argue that some of Abridged Big-5-dimensional describing the content of the most interesting comparisons Circumplex (AB5C) model of Hofstee, each varimax factor hides among sets of personality factors might de Raad, and Goldberg (1992) must be stem from languages of the past (e.g., scrutinized carefully to find its any true scientific classical Greek, Chinese, or Hebrew) liabilities, and it must be expanded to understanding of the and from languages used by tribes of include individual differences that are non-literate and/or highly isolated not typically viewed as personality nature of those factors, speakers where empirical lexical traits (e.g., social effects, highly and the reasons for any studies are not feasible. evaluative terms). cross-cultural similarities Why are the varimax factors here, After we have found some way to and differences among rather than there? classify and organize content them. One possible determinant of the size categories, we can then apply this and location of a varimax factor may be classification system to the sets of the relative frequency of terms related terms that have been used in past A second reason is more practical: It to a particular kind of content, and (Continued on page 39) Page 36 DIALOGUE SISP at Northwestern University, Summer 2009

applications from underrepresented By Eli J. Finkel and The SPSP steering committee—Harry minority populations and from Derek D. Rucker Reis (Chair), Sam Gosling, Tiffany Ito, international students outside of Chick Judd, Carolyn Morf, and Eliot Europe. We are optimistic that limited We are delighted to announce that Smith—selected the course topics and additional funding will be available to Northwestern University is hosting the instructors. As the local coordinating assist students in financial need. fourth Summer Institute in Social committee, our jobs are to serve as the Psychology (SISP) in 2009. SISP admissions committee and to The first three SISPs were hosted by make sure everything runs smoothly for the University of Colorado at Boulder Promising second-to-fifth-year the instructors and the students. (2003), the University of Michigan graduate students will descend on (2005), and the University of Texas at Northwestern’s gorgeous, lake-front Austin (2007). All were resounding campus in Evanston, IL, on Sunday, The five courses are successes, providing stimulating July 12, and they will remain there intellectual and social experiences for until Saturday, July 25. While in Conflict and Negotiation, the students and the instructors. Given Evanston, students will attend one of Emotions in Group and the 2009 course lineup and the five intensive courses. Each course Intergroup Contexts, loveliness of Evanston (and nearby will have two instructors and Chicago) in July, we are confident that approximately 16 students. Biological Basis of the forthcoming SISP will continue to Social Behavior and meet the lofty expectations of all The five courses are: involved. Personality, Prejudice • Conflict and Negotiation and Stereotyping, and Students interested in applying to the (instructors: Adam Galinsky and Relationship 2009 SISP should submit in a single Michael Morris) package: • Emotions in Group and Intergroup Development and • Contexts (instructors: Ernestine Maintenance The Online Application Gordijn and Eliot Smith) Questionnaire (downloadable from www.sisp.northwestern.edu). • Biological Basis of Social Behavior • An up-to-date CV. and Personality (instructors: Iris SISP is sponsored by SPSP and the • Mauss and Oliver Schultheiss) National Science Foundation. The 2009 A one-page (maximum) single- • Prejudice and Institute has received additional space statement of research interests Stereotyping (instructors: Jack funding from three Northwestern (in 12-point font). Dovidio and Laurie Rudman) University entities: (1) the Kellogg • One letter of recommendation in an • Relationship Development and Graduate School of Management, (2) envelope signed across the seal by Maintenance (instructors: Eli Finkel the Weinberg College of Arts and the recommender. and Jeff Simpson). Sciences, and (3) the Graduate School. These generous sponsorships allow us Send this package to: Eli Finkel, to cover most student expenses, In addition to these five classes, Department of Psychology, Swift Hall although students must provide their students will have the opportunity to #102, Evanston, IL, 60208. To ensure own travel to the Institute and pay a attend one of three day-long full consideration, all application $200 enrollment fee. Five slots are workshops focusing on methodological materials must arrive by Friday, reserved for European students, who and statistical issues: (1) Item January 30, 2009. (The deadline for should immediately contact Sibylle Response Theory (instructor: Steve European students to contact Sybille Classen ( ) for application Reise), (2) Meta-Analysis (instructor: [email protected] Classen is December 31, 2008.) Blair Johnson), and (3) Ambulatory information. (By rule, students who Assessment (instructor: Matthias have already attended the European Applicants will be notified of Mehl). For information about these Association of Social Psychology’s acceptance decisions by the end of scholars, see box on p. 37. summer school are not eligible for February. ■ SISP.) We especially encourage DIALOGUE Page 37

SISP Summer 2009 Course Instructor Information

Jack Dovidio, Yale University. Dr. Dovidio explores issues related to both conscious and unconscious influences on how people think about, feel about, and behave toward others based on group membership.

Eli Finkel, Northwestern University. Dr. Finkel specializes in relationships and examines topics such as forgiveness, partner violence, romantic attraction, and self-regulation in relationships.

Adam Galinsky, Northwestern University. Dr. Galinsky’s research focuses on topics such as leadership, negotiations, power, decision-making, and the development of organizational values and culture.

Ernestine Gordijn, University of Groningen. Dr. Gordijn research examines meta-stereotypes on individuals’ emotions and cognitions, emotions in intergroup processes, and charismatic leadership.

Iris Mauss, University of Denver. Dr. Mauss focuses on understanding emotion and emotion regulation via a convergence of approaches such as behavior coding, autonomic physiological responses, and brain imaging.

Michael Morris, Columbia University. Dr. Morris’ research interests include understanding cross-cultural differences in social judgment as well us better understanding negotiations.

Laurie Rudman, Rutgers University. Dr. Rudman’s research focuses on understanding the sources of implicit attitudes, the relationship between implicit and explicit measures, and the factors that alter implicit attitudes and beliefs.

Oliver Schultheiss, University of Michigan. Dr. Schultheiss’ research emphasizes understanding issues related to topics such as the psychophysiological indicators of emotion and the brain substrates of implicit motives.

Jeffry Simpson, Minnesota University. Dr. Simpson is known for his work in the areas of attachment processes, human mating, empathic accuracy, idealization in relationships, and social influence in relationships.

Eliot Smith, Indiana University. Dr. Smith’s research focuses on topics such as the role of intergroup emotions in prejudice and intergroup relations and connectionist or neural network models in social psychology.

SISP Summer 2009 Workshop Instructor Information

Blair Johnson, University of Connecticut. Dr. Johnson is known for his work on the structure and change of attitudes and stereotypes as well as his contributions to the theory and practice of research synthesis in the form of meta-analysis.

Matthias Mehl, University of Arizona. Dr. Mehl’s work focused on topics of naturalistic person-environment interactions; social interactions, coping, and health; and alternative psychological assessment methods.

Steve Reise, University of California, Los Angeles. Dr. Reise’s research interests in psychometrics have led him to make advances in areas such as the application of IRT measurement models to personality assessment data.

APA Council, Cont. World Health organization’s upcoming efforts to revise the International Budget. The budget typically projects Classification of Disease, a system expenses close to the income that makes (Continued from page 25) widely used in other countries. This it sensitive to turns in the market. While vision statement. After these are money supports a psychologist who there was a surplus in the 2007 budget, approved, council will identify will work within the WHO in these consistent with downturn in markets, strategic issues, goals and objectives, revisions. This classification system is APA projected a deficit for 2008. Last strategic initiatives, measures and an alternative to the DSM-4,5,6 widely February, council approved a budget for Targets. Efforts to attend to science used in other countries. This is not just 2009 with a surplus. However, currently issues in this process are ongoing. of importance for clinical with the recent decline in the market, psychologists. The ICD has a greater APA is projecting a deficit and is looking International Classification of behavioral focus in diagnoses than the for ways to cut spending. ■ Disease (ICD). Council approved DSM representing a greater connection APA’s financial contribution to the to research for validation. Page 38 DIALOGUE

strict (and short) time-line. A social and behavioral phenomena that Congressional seemingly trivial, everyday occurrence spurs basic research and leads to or a very abstract idea can, upon closer applied health solutions. For the full Cont. inspection, open up a new scientific potential of basic-applied Testimony, vista. The neuroscientist who collaborations to be realized, however, discovered that canary brains grow new the federal government is going to (Continued from page 12) cells after birth wasn’t trying to solve have to do more than provide research emotion is now the topic of heated the puzzle of human mental illness. The money to fund individual labs or debate and furious research, and the physicists who discovered quantum monolithic centers that focus on one history of science teaches us that key mechanics weren’t trying to build a question from one perspective. Instead, scientific discoveries are made during better computer. Social scientists who it is going to have to reshape the such times. Paradigm shifts may not be studied the evils of conformity after institutional structure of how social comfortable, or cheap, but they are World War II weren’t trying to keep and behavioral science is conducted in absolutely necessary for scientific people from using drugs. And my own the US. progress. Ironically, federal funding research on emotion wasn’t originally agencies tend to invest their money in targeted at helping children and Finally, for science to realize its full normal science. retirees, but in the end, this is where it potential in the service of the country's

has led. Scientists who focus on basic needs, we need several things to Second, science is like a food chain, research questions have different goals succeed: a well-trained scientific with basic research at the base. from those who focus on applied workforce of sufficient expertise and Without a healthy base, the entire solutions. Regardless of the goals that diversity (and who are paid well ecosystem becomes weak and cannot motivate basic research in the first enough that it is worth they while to survive. Basic research is being starved place, it is a simple fact that such make a career in science), advanced in America. I pointed out that while I research is necessary to achieve the technology that is suited to the myself am fortunate that my laboratory critical, and often surprising, results scientific questions we want to ask is well supported by federal funding that help people live healthier and more (whether or not they have an applied agencies at the moment, this funding productive lives. value that is immediately obvious), an success is a bit misleading. The adequate level of research funds to see majority of it pays for the our best (and perhaps riskiest) ideas neuroimaging side of my research on forward, and open minds that are not emotion. Like many labs around the For the full potential of mired in the habits or agendas of the country, my lab is also struggling to basic-applied past. I also talked about the need for move our social and behavioral collaborations to be basic science education for the public research forward. Without this basic realized the federal so that they understand the need for research of today, there will be no investments in science. critical health solutions for tomorrow. government is going to

have to reshape the

Third, it takes time for basic science to institutional structure of Conclusion feed applied solutions, often several decades. Scientific discovery is like how social and behavioral I believe that Congressman Baird slowly peeling an onion—while science is conducted in the deserves our deepest thanks for exploring one question, other, more USA. encouraging federal funding agencies nuanced questions are revealed to support social and behavioral beneath. In genetics or pharmacology, sciences. He is one of our greatest the lifecycle of discovery is usually allies on The Hill. several decades. In the social & Fifth, no single perspective—be it behavioral sciences, a basic finding genes or chemistry—will solve any I also believe that every single one of about emotion was translated after only health problem. Interdisciplinary us should take the opportunity to talk 15 years—a relatively quick outcome approaches are necessary and must to members of Congress when we can for science, but one that serves both include social and behavioral science. about the value of basic social and public health and the public treasury. The are important contributions to be behavioral research. It is time

made from fostering more consuming to prepare for such Fourth, science is about exploration, collaboration between basic research discussions, and challenging to execute risk, and discovery. This means that scientists and applied scientists at the them. But they are exhilarating. And you cannot run scientific discovery outset. Real people in real life struggle our livelihood may depend on them. with a business model, where you set a with real problems, and this provides a ■ tangible goal and try to meet it on a very fruitful context for discovering the DIALOGUE Page 39

Describing GSC SEEKS PRIZE DONATIONS Personality, Cont. (Continued from page 35) lexical studies, so as to be able to relate The Graduate Student Committee seeks prize donations the relative frequencies of various for the graduate student social hour in Tampa. Anyone content categories to the factors that can donate items of interest to budding social/ have emerged from each study. In addition, we can use simulation personality psychologists. We suggest recently techniques to add additional data with published psychology books (no textbooks, please), gift particular content of various kinds, and to omit terms relating to certain kinds cards, software, SPSP memberships, or even just $5 of content categories, and then to re- toward one of our prizes. Please e-mail us at factor the data and ascertain the [email protected] for more details about contributing! locations of the resulting new factors. This should be an exciting enterprise: Can we pull out of one empirical lexicon enough terms of the right kind one at a time until one finds a so as to transform the resulting factor difference in the resulting factor solution from its original structure to structure. DSC Crossword the structure that was found in another Answers (puzzle on p. 14) language? For example, using the data One obvious application of such

from an English study can we add or sampling simulations would be to

53. Cohen Cohen 53. delete data-points so as to come up understand more fully the nature of the

52. Maccoby Maccoby 52. with factors that now look like those “Negative Valence” and “Positive Kelley 56.

48. Brewer Brewer 48. from a Croatian analysis, and vice Valence” factors that have supposedly Brown 55.

46. Rotter Rotter 46. versa? When we can transform any been discovered in some previous Eagly 54.

44. Murray Murray 44. lexicon to that of all others, we will seven-factor structures. It is possible McClelland 52.

43. Ekman Ekman 43. know that we understand the causes of that those factors may turn out to be an Steele 51.

42. Campbell Campbell 42. factor locations, and we will no longer artifact of data based on samples that Bandura 50.

38. Barker Barker 38. have to rely on blind EFA analyses to mix many content-appropriate subjects Ten Big 49.

37. Atkinson Atkinson 37. understand the nature of personality with a small subsample of quasi- McGuire 47.

35. Guilford Guilford 35. factors. random responders. Subject simulation Bruner 45.

33. Harvard Harvard 33. studies should help provide the answer Mischel 41.

■ 31. Michigan Michigan 31. Simulating different kinds of subject to this question. Rozin 40.

28. Berscheid Berscheid 28. samples Hovland 39.

27. Osgood Osgood 27. The samples of subjects that have been Zajonc 36.

25. Yale Yale 25. used in past lexical studies have Helson 34.

24. Arid Arid 24. doubtless differed in characteristics Heider 33.

22. Abelson Abelson 22. that might affect the size and location Festinger 32.

20. Janis Janis 20. of the factors that have been found in Milo 31.

19. Allport Allport 19. those studies. As just one of many Jones 30.

17. Sherif Sherif 17. possible examples, let us assume that Rap 29.

15. Krech Krech 15. past samples have differed in the Newcomb 26.

14. Nisbett Nisbett 14. percentage of their subjects who Taylor 23.

Society for 13. Ivy Ivy 13. responded carelessly or in some kind Thibaut 21.

10. Fallacy Fallacy 10. of quasi-random fashion. What is the Personality and Cronbach 18.

8. Markus Markus 8.

effect of such differences on the nature Social sychology Lazarus 16.

6. APA APA 6. of the resulting factors? One can Seligman 12.

5. Schachter Schachter 5. simulate such differences by starting Visit us at Asch 11.

3. Aronson Aronson 3.

with carefully selected subject www.spsp.org Deutsch 9.

2. Recycles Recycles 2. samples, then adding subsamples of Cacioppo 7.

1. Chad Chad 1. quasi-random responders, and Higgins 4.

refactoring the resulting data after each

Down Down addition to the simulated subject pool. Across One might add such simulated subjects

Page 40 DIALOGUE

Special Passings Section Robert B. Zajonc, December, 2008

Robert Zajonc received a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan in 1955. Editor’s Note. Robert Zajonc was a special friend of Dialogue during the current Born in Łodz, Poland in 1923, Editors’ tenure, providing thoughtful and controversial articles (Zajonc, 2003, 2004) and following World War II, Zajonc we did not want to fail to take notice of his career and impact in these pages. attended the University of Paris/La Sorbonne, and arrived at the University to convey information (transmitters) of Michigan in 1948 as an than when expecting to receive With his Ph.D. student Eugene undergraduate. information (receivers); transmitters Burnstein, Zajonc carried out some of used more differentiated, complex, the earliest experimental studies in Zajonc's admission to the University of cognitive balance, an idea that came Michigan was probationary, but, as unified, and organized mental structures. He also found a "tendency from both Fritz Heider's work on naïve Zajonc later claimed, "they decided that social cognition (Heider, 1958) and I was OK and let me stay." While at the to reject material inconsistent with the person's own opinion." Ted Newcomb's work on acquaintance University of Michigan, he earned a and attraction (Newcomb, 1961). The B.A. (1950), an M.A. (1952) and a goal was to study how liking, power, Ph.D. (1955). and other social relationships were “Cognitive Structure and mentally represented, with memory and The lion's portion of Zajonc's career Cognitive Tuning” learning errors as a dependent variable was spent at the University of (e.g., Zajonc & Burnstein, 1965). Michigan. He joined the Research (Zajonc, 1960) was one Center for Group Dynamics at the of the early critical Several findings of positivity bias— Institute for Social Research in 1954 as papers that shaped a that people learned and retained a Research Associate, became an positive relations better than negative assistant professor in Psychology in genuinely social and ones—led Zajonc to study word 1956, an associate professor in 1961, interpersonal take on frequencies. He stumbled upon the and professor in 1965. He was named cognition and mental correlation between word frequencies the Charles Horton Cooley and positive evaluation—common Distinguished Professor of the Social structures, and thus it words are more positive. This Sciences in 1983, and became the was an early publication correlational finding led him to Director of the Institute for Social experiments, which led to the discovery Research in 1989. Zajonc retired in in the area that come to of the power and generality of "mere 1994, and moved to Stanford be social cognition. exposure" on evaluation: The more one University where he was an active is exposed to a stimulus, the more one participant in the life of the Department feels positively toward it. A lengthy of Psychology. This paper was one of the early critical and remarkable monograph on many of the vicissitudes of mere exposure As a graduate student at Michigan—at papers that shaped a genuinely social appeared in the Journal of Personality first in Sociology—Zajonc was and interpersonal take on cognition and and Social Psychology as a special employed by Leon Festinger to work mental structures, and thus it was an supplement, with no self-citations. This on an early cognitive dissonance early publication in the area that come phenomenon has spawned nearly 300 experiment that became Hal Gerard's to be called social cognition. Around articles in PSYCInfo with "mere dissertation (Gerard, 1954). the same time, Zajonc wrote a review paper for Public Opinion Quarterly exposure" as keywords, and the Zajonc’s first major contribution to (Zajonc, 1960) comparing original paper has been cited more than social psychology was his dissertation psychological balance, cognitive 1,300 times by early December, 2008, “Cognitive Structure and Cognitive congruity, and cognitive dissonance, according to Google Scholar. Simple Tuning” supervised by Dorwin “Doc” which highlighted the similarities and exposure to a stimulus has increased Cartwright and Daniel Katz (Zajonc, differences of the then-popular theories liking for faces, music, abstract shapes, 1960). In this study, Zajonc showed of cognitive consistency. "Chinese ideograms," nonsense words, that participants organized social smell, artificial grammars, and taste information differently when expecting Zajonc carried out a range of social- (Continued on page 41) cognitive research in 1950's and 1960's.

DIALOGUE Page 41

decreased performance when tasks stimulation. There was also a R.B. Zajonc, Continued were difficult or poorly-learned. A demonstrable effect for teaching review of this formulation appeared in younger children—last children (and (Continued from page 40) Science (Zajonc, 1965). Zajonc later only children) suffer a slight connected social facilitation work to decrement. Although these effects are stimuli, among many other sensory and Hull-Spence drive theory (e.g., Spence, quite small as individual differences, at cognitive domains. The effect is robust 1958), arguing that arousal/drive the population level they could be quite across species and cultures. increased the probability of all important. The effects were important behaviors, but that it increased the in showing the powerful effects of the probability of well-learned/high environment on intelligence, and at the “Attitudinal Effects of probability behaviors at a faster rate, population level of analysis, the theory Mere Exposure” (Zajonc, thus increasing the relative probability has proven quite effective at describing of well-learned behaviors being and predicting population shifts in IQ 1968) has spawned performed. This formulation was scores. This theory was highly nearly 300 articles, and followed by years of controversy, controversial, and methodological and the original paper has primarily as a scientific competition empirical exchanges still populate the between the Hull-Spence-Zajonc scientific literature. been cited more than arousal account, and an alternative the 1,300 times emphasized learned motives, primarily It was the work on mere exposure that anxiety about social evaluation. This led to Zajonc's foray into subliminal work led to the only article in the processes. In a set of studies, Zajonc history of the Journal of Personality and colleagues (Moreland & Zajonc, Around the same time as his mere and Social Psychology (so far) to use 1977; Kunst-Wilson & Zajonc, 1980) exposure monograph, Zajonc's (1968) cockroaches as participants1 (Zajonc, showed that the effects of mere chapter on "Cognitive Theories in Heingartner, Herman, 1969). exposure operated in the absence of Social Psychology” appeared in first recognition, perceptual fluency, or even volume of the Lindzey and Aronson familiarity. Mere exposure was one Handbook of Social Psychology, This work led to the only clear area that led to effects on affect sandwiched between Hall and that were apparently completely Lindzey's chapter on Freudian theory article in the history of independent of any cognitive system. and Deutsch's chapter on field theory. the Journal of Personality This work had significant implications Social cognition has fared significantly for non-conscious cognition, as well as better than the other two theories in and Social Psychology to implicit social cognition. social psychology, and this is in no use cockroaches as small part due to Zajonc's efforts. The But it had a more immediate effect. In 1985 Handbook of Social Psychology, participants. 1978, Zajonc received APA's contained an equally important chapter Distinguished Scientific Contribution with Hazel Markus (Markus and Award, and one of the benefits of that Zajonc, 1985), that helped determine Zajonc and colleague Greg Markus award was the opportunity to publish a the course of social cognition research (Zajonc & Markus, 1975) developed a for years to come. theory of how family configuration (birth order and family size) could Feeling and thinking: Psychology faculty at Michigan in the affect intelligence of children. Zajonc Preference need no 60s put together a series of short and Markus showed that the higher volumes to serve as a modular intelligence of early children in multi- inferences (Zajonc, psychology text (e.g., Kelly, 1967; children families, and the higher 1980) appeared and Manis, 1966). Zajonc (1966) wrote the intelligence of smaller families as volume on social psychology, and compared to larger families (with a was an immediate reviewed the conflicting literature in special cost of being an only child), sensation; it helped social facilitation—sometimes the could be explained by describing the usher back emotions, presence of others improved average intelligence of the family into performance, and sometimes it which a child is born. First children are mood, and affect as worsened performance. Zajonc found born into an all-adult environment, but central concerns in order in the chaos, and showed that the subsequent children are born into presence of conspecifics increased families with less-developed intellects, social psychology. performance when tasks were easy or and so do not receive as much well-learned, but the presence of others (Continued on page 42)

Page 42 DIALOGUE

In her tribute to Zajonc, delivered in Gerard, H.B. (1954). The effect of Continued Hungary, Mahzarin Banaji (2003) said: R.B. Zajonc, different dimensions of (Continued from page 41) When one comes face to face with a disagreement on the genius like Bob Zajonc, it is communication process in small lightly edited and gently reviewed important to recognize the leagues groups. Human Relations, 6, 249– article in American Psychologist. that separate him from the rest. It 271. Zajonc's article—Feeling and Thinking: has also been important to me, to Preference Need No Inferences find connections because to do so Heider, F. (1958). The psychology of appeared and was an immediate makes it possible to find meaning in interpersonal relations. New York: sensation, with more than 2,500 my work, to steadfastly pursue Wiley. citations by 2008. Zajonc (1980) discoveries even in the face of argued that affect and cognition were Kelly, E.L. (1967). Assessment of rejection. For me, Bob is what I two relatively independent human characteristics. Belmont, aspire to, in the type of work, in the psychological systems, and that they CA: Brooks/Cole. manner or work, and in the spirit of could proceed separately. Affect was the work. described as more powerful, faster, and Kunst-Wilson, W.R. & Zajonc, RB longer-lasting than cognition. This (1980). Affective discrimination of claim was controversial, and elicited stimuli that cannot be recognized. counter-arguments (e.g., Lazarus, For me, Bob is what I Science, 207, 557-558. 1982) and rejoinders (Zajonc, 1984). aspire to, in the type of This paper, and the controversy that Lazarus, R. S. (1982). Thoughts on the followed it, helped usher back work, in the manner or relations between emotion and emotions, mood, and affect as central work, and in the spirit of cognition. American Psychologist, concerns in social psychology, a place 37, 1019-1024. of honor they retain today. the work. Manis, M. (1966). Cognitive In recent times, Zajonc was studying processes. Belmont, CA: the social psychology of genocide, Brooks/Cole. taught a course at Stanford on the topic, There are few social psychologists in Markus, H. & Zajonc, R.B. (1968). and was developing a book on the the history of our field who have had as subject. The cognitive perspective in social wide and as deep an effect on how we psychology. In G. Lindzey and E. think about our phenomena, and how Zajonc received the American Aronson (Eds.) Handbook of Social we think about ourselves, as Robert rd Psychological Association's Psychology, 3 Ed., Vol. 1, (pp. Zajonc (1923-2008). Distinguished Scientific Contribution 137-230). New York: Random House. Award, and the Society for Experimental Social Psychology's Moreland, R.L. & Zajonc, R. B. Distinguished Scientist Award. He was (1977). Is stimulus recognition a President of the Society for necessary condition for the Experimental Social Psychology, Footnote occurrence of exposure effects? President of APA's Division 1, General 1 Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, and was on APA's Board One other paper explicitly uses Psychology, 35, 191-199. of Scientific Affairs. He was a Fellow cockroaches, although as a stimulus, not as participants (Rozin, Millman & of the American Academy of Arts and Newcomb, T.M. (1961). The Nemeroff, 1986). Science. acquaintance process. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. Zajonc was deeply involved in making connections between the USA and References Rozin, P., Millman, L. & Nemeroff, C. Europe. He was an instructor at (1986). Operation of the laws of EAESP's inaugural Summer Institute, a Banaji, M.R. (2003). The mere Zajonc sympathetic magic in disgust and member of the Polish Academy of other domains. Journal of Sciences, and received honorary effect: Introductory comments to honor Robert Zajonc. Personality and Social Psychology, doctorates from the University of 50, 703-712 Louvain, Belgium and from University http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/ ~banaji/research/mrb_talks/tribute of Warsaw, Poland, and was a founder of the Institute for Social Studies at the s/zajonc.html (Downloaded (Continued on page 43) University of Warsaw. December 5, 2008).

DIALOGUE Page 43 The Idea of Bouncebackability

as resilience or hardiness. Resilience there parts of the self-system that are By Constantine Sedikides and hardiness refer to long-term more bouncebackable than others? Do

adaptation, and are about endurance or all organisms with a rudimentary sense On certain mornings, one feels in a relatively passive robustness. of self (e.g., chimpanzees, bonobos, somewhat naughty, tongue-in-cheek dolphins) exhibit bouncebackability, (and perhaps not terribly original) Bouncebackability is more active. It and, if so, in what ways? What are mood. This is one of those mornings involves the in-the-moment, nitty- bouncebackabilty’s limits or for me, as I am scrabbling for my gritty, or miscroscopics of human boundaries, its personality correlates, coffee. responding to negative feedback of and its implications for psychological personal relevance, and it draws health? Why then not propose this new and connections with social cognition and (undoubtedly) trendy construct, in neuroscience wisdoms. As an added bonus, the construct is hopes of fulfilling my dream to surprisingly engaging. I have contribute a word to the dictionary? What are the properties of mentioned it to a few colleagues, and This word is bouncebackability. bouncebackabilty? Is they immediate started arguing against bouncebackability an invariant it, gleefully pointing to its Bouncebackabilty of the self-system, characteristic of the self-system, or unoriginality. Might, though, still be that is. It has to do with the does it admit of degree? What there something to explore? extraordinary property of the self- cognitive and neurocognitive system to bounceback immediately mechanisms underpin But it’s time to put an end to all this, as from soft or hard knocks. bouncebackabilty? my coffee is ready. Back to the grind. ■ The construct differs subtly from Does it vary as a function of feedback seemingly synonymous constructs such type (achievement vs. relational)? Are

Brooks/Cole. of affect. American Psychologist R.B. Zajonc, Continued 39, 117-123. (Continued from page 42) Zajonc, R.B. (1968). Attitudinal effects of mere exposure. Journal Zajonc, R.B. (2003). The preemptive Spence, K.W. (1958). A theory of of Personality and Social power of words. Dialogue, 18(1), emotionally based drive (D) and its Psychology Monograph, 9 ( 2 , Pt. 10-13. relation to performance in simple 2), 1-27. Zajonc, R.B. (2004). The dangers of learning situations. American Zajonc, R.B. (1968). Cognitive unanimity. Dialogue, 19(1), 14-15. Psychologist, 13, 131-141. theories in social psychology. In G. Zajonc, R.B. & Burnstein, E. (1965). Zajonc, R.B. (1960).The process of Lindzey and E. Aronson (Eds.) nd The learning of balanced and cognitive tuning in communication. Handbook of Social Psychology, 2 unbalanced social structures. Journal of Abnormal and Social Ed., Vol. 1, (pp. 320-411). Reading, Journal of Personality, 33, 153- Psychology, 61, 159-67. Mass.: Addison-Wesley. 163. Zajonc, R.B. (1960). The concepts of Zajonc, R.B. (1969). Animal social Zajonc, R.B., Heingartner, A., Herman, balance, congruity, and dissonance. psychology: A reader of E.M. (1969). Social enhancement Public Opinion Quarterly, 24, 280- experimental studies. New York: and impairment of performance in 296. John Wiley & Sons. the cockroach. Journal of Zajonc, R.B. (1965). Social Zajonc, R.B. (1980). Feeling and Personality and Social Psychology, facilitation. Science, 149, 269-274. thinking: Preference need no 13, 83-92. inferences. American Psychologist, ■ Zajonc, R.B. (1966). Social 35, 151-175. psychology: An experimental approach. Belmont, CA: Zajonc, R.B. (1984). On the primacy PageVolume 44 23, No. 2 DIALOGUE Dialogue—Fall, 2008

Published at: SPSP Officers and Committee Members, 2008 Department of Psychology John C. Dovidio President University of Kansas Richard Petty President-Elect Lawrence, KS 66045 Harry Reis Past President David Dunning Executive Officer Phone: 785-864-9807 Jennifer Crocker Secretary-Treasurer Fax: 785-864-5696 Email: [email protected] or Judy Harackiewicz Outgoing Editor, PSPB [email protected] Shinobu Kitayama Editor, PSPB Galen Bodenhausen Editor, PSPR News of the Society Since 1986 Chris Crandall Co-Editor, Dialogue Monica Biernat Co-Editor, Dialogue Jeffry Simpson Convention Committee, Chair NSF News, Cont. Monica Biernat Convention Committee William G. Graziano Convention Committee (Continued from page 23) Wendi Gardner SPSP Program Committee, Co-Chair Social and Behavioral Dimensions of Samuel Gosling SPSP Program Committee, Co-Chair National Security, Conflict, and Ken Savitsky APA Program Committee, Chair Cooperation Keith Maddox Diversity & Climate Committee, Chair Nilanjana Dasgupta Diversity Committee The National Science Foundation and Denise Sekaquaptewa Diversity Committee the Department of Defense are Fred Rhodewalt Publication Committee, Chair collaborating in this program designed Randy Larsen Publication Committee to enhance the understanding of social Rich Petty Publication Committee and behavioral dimensions of national Wendy Wood Publication Committee security issues. The deadline for the FY08 competition has already passed, Theresa Vescio Training Committee, Co-Chair unfortunately. However, there is Jamie Arndt Training Committee reason to believe that this program Cathy Cozzarelli Training Committee may extend up to four additional years, Marti Hope Gonzales Training Committee so check http://www.nsf.gov/funding/ Barbara Fredrickson Fellows Committee, Chair pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=503294&org Lisa Feldman Barrett Member at Large =SES&from=home for updates. Don Forsyth Member at Large James Jackson Member at Large Contact Us John Lydon Member at Large Nicole Shelton Member at Large As always, we will strive to keep you up-to-date on new developments at Lynne Cooper APA Council Rep/Member at Large NSF, in particular new funding Janet Swim APA Council Rep/Member at Large opportunities, through postings on the Yoel Inbar SPSP Webmaster SPSP Listserve. Feel free to email or Christie Marvin Office Manager call us with your questions, concerns, and ideas. We will be at SPSP, hosting Dialogue Mission Statement the "Conversation Hour" during lunch, Dialogue is the official newsletter of the Society for Personality and Social so feel free to stop by our table to chat. Psychology. It appears twice every year, in the spring and fall. Its intended readership is members of the Society. The purpose of Dialogue is to report news of Amber Story the Society, stimulate debate on issues, and generally inform and occasionally ([email protected], 703-292-7249) entertain. Dialogue publishes summaries about meetings of the Society’s executive committee and subcommittees, as well as announcements, opinion pieces, letters Kellina Craig-Henderson to the editor, humor, and other articles of general interest to personality and social ([email protected], 703-292-7023) psychologists. The Editors seek to publish all relevant and appropriate contributions, although the Editors reserve the right to determine publishability. E. Gil Clary Content may be solicited by the Editors or offered, unsolicited, by members. News of the Society and Committee Reports are reviewed for accuracy and content by ([email protected], 703-292-7304) ■ SPSP officers or committee chairs. All other content is reviewed at the discretion of the Editors.