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Bloodsport and the Michael Vick Dogfighting Case: a Critical Cultural Analysis Wil Massey East Tennessee State University

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Bloodsport and the Michael Vick Dogfighting Case: a Critical Cultural Analysis Wil Massey East Tennessee State University East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 12-2012 Bloodsport and the Michael Vick Dogfighting Case: A Critical Cultural Analysis Wil Massey East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Social Influence and Political Communication Commons Recommended Citation Massey, Wil, "Bloodsport and the Michael Vick Dogfighting Case: A Critical Cultural Analysis" (2012). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1513. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1513 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Bloodsport and the Michael Vick Dogfighting Case: A Critical Cultural Analysis _____________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Sociology _____________________ by Wil Massey December 2012 ____________________ Dr. Martha Copp, Chair Dr. Melissa Schrift Dr. Paul Kamolnick Keywords: Vick, Dogfighting, Bloodsport ABSTRACT Bloodsport and the Michael Vick Dogfighting Case: A Critical Cultural Analysis by Wil Massey After law enforcement officials in Virginia found evidence of a dogfighting operation, the owner, National Football League star Michael Vick, became one of the most vilified figures in America for supporting a bloodsport that inflicts debilitating bodily harm on dogs. This thesis examines that case in light of the long human history of breeding fighting dogs for war and competitive entertainment. A content analysis was performed on a sample of news reports and opinion pieces that were published in three media outlets. Reactions to the Vick case illuminated strong popular opposition to dogfighting. Findings explore how strong anti-dogfighting views appeared in the publications while contrasting views were either criticized or ignored, and how the NFL sought to protect its tarnished image. Vick’s notoriety opened the opportunity for animal rights organizations and activists opposing the bloodsport to argue for significant legal punishment. 2 ACKNOWEDGEMENTS I would like acknowledge and express my most sincere gratitude to everyone who has helped and supported me along the way towards the completion of this thesis. I would like to thank Casey White for her love and support over the years. I would also like to thank my family for supporting me in my scholarly endeavors, most notably my dad, whose contagious desire to see me complete my masters helped make this possible. I would also like to thank my thesis committee members for serving on this project and giving feedback that improved the quality of this work. I would like to especially thank Dr. Martha Copp, my thesis chair, for her feedback and support, for teaching me how to conduct a content analysis, and for helping me complete this project. I would also especially like to thank Dr. Paul Kamolnick for his encouragement and support of me over the years and for helping me become a better student. I would like to additionally thank all my professors at East Tennessee State University for all they taught me. Finally, I would like to give a shout out to Michael Vick for allowing me the opportunity to deeply study such an incredible situation with such sociological implications, and I congratulate him on his path to redemption. 3 CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………. 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS…………………………………………………………………… 3 Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………….................. 6 2. A HISTORY OF FIGHTING DOGS: FROM WAR TO BLOODSPORT..……… 9 3. A DESCRIPTION OF CONTEMPORARY DOGFIGHTING ............................. 30 4. METHODS ............................................................................................................ 40 Coding ............................................................................................................. 42 5. ANALYSIS OF REPORTING ON THE MICHAEL VICK CASE ..................... 43 Incriminating Evidence ................................................................................... 43 Gore................................................................................................................. 44 The Good Guys ............................................................................................... 46 Law and Order ................................................................................................ 47 Enforcing the Dominant Opinion.................................................................... 51 Gambling......................................................................................................... 54 Constructing Moral Unworthiness .................................................................. 55 A Broader Perspective .................................................................................... 57 Hip-Hop Culture Put on Trial ......................................................................... 58 Cultural Relativism ......................................................................................... 59 Race-Related Comparisons ............................................................................. 61 6. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION..................................................................... 64 4 Discussion ....................................................................................................... 64 Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 67 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................... 73 APPENDIX: CODES USED IN CONTENT ANALYSIS ........................................ 97 VITA ......................................................................................................................... 100 5 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION As a star quarterback in the National Football League (NFL) known for his unconventional style of play, Michael Vick became one of the league’s most beloved players among fans. However, that all changed in 2007 when information surfaced indicating he was an integral part of a major dogfighting operation. On April 25, 2007, when investigators raided and searched a house owned by Vick in Smithfield, Virginia, they discovered overwhelming evidence that the property was serving as a factory-sized kennel for housing dogs and training them to fight. Evidence seized from the property included 54 American Pit Bull Terriers (US District Court 2007:18), a “rape stand,” which is used to force overly aggressive female dogs to mate, “break sticks,” which are used to pry the jaws of a dog off the body of an opponent, and treadmills that are used as part of the dogfighting training regimen (US District Court 2007:18). On July 17, 2007, Vick and three other men were federally charged with “Conspiracy to Travel in Interstate Commerce in Aid of Unlawful Activities and to Sponsor a Dog in an Animal Fighting Venture” (US District Court 2007:1). Initially Vick pleaded “not guilty” to these charges, claiming he rarely visited the property and that the operation, known as “Bad Newz Kennels,” was solely the work of colleagues who lived at the house. But after the other three defendants provided incriminating information to obtain reduced sentences, Vick admitted his guilt and eventually reached a plea bargain agreement of his own with prosecutors. Despite his plea, Vick received a 23-month jail sentence, which was longer than any of his accomplices. Although it was revealed that Vick was less involved in the daily activities of Bad Newz Kennels than the other three defendants due to his NFL commitments, the operation was completely funded by money from his football-related earnings. 6 Throughout the investigation of Bad Newz Kennels, it appeared that Vick was the major target of the federal authorities, who were perhaps making an example of him due to his celebrity. Animal rights activist groups such as the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), the Humane Society of the United States, and People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) used this high profile case to gain exposure for their organizations and promote their agendas, which include eliminating the practice of dogfighting. As the Michael Vick dogfighting case unfolded, it became the top sports story of the summer of 2007, and dogfighting became a sensational topic in the mainstream media. From the time the dogfighting allegations against Vick surfaced in late April of 2007 up until he was sentenced in December of the same year, the story received enormous coverage in the mainstream media and brought the issue of dogfighting to the forefront. While dogfighting is a bloodsport that has long been practiced in the U.S. and can be traced back centuries to its origins in the once popular European practices of bull and bear baiting, it is currently detested among members of America’s dominant culture, where dogs are the most popular pets and commonly even referred to as “man’s best friend.” A tremendous amount of angry sentiment was directed toward Vick, the celebrity at the center of this high-profile dogfighting
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