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Journal of Paleontology View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ESC Publications - Cambridge Univesity Journal of Paleontology http://journals.cambridge.org/JPA Additional services for Journal of Paleontology: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here New records of Burgess Shale-type taxa from the middle Cambrian of Utah Simon Conway Morris, Paul A. Selden, Glade Gunther, Paul G. Jamison and Richard A. Robison Journal of Paleontology / Volume 89 / Issue 03 / May 2015, pp 411 - 423 DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.26, Published online: 01 October 2015 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0022336015000268 How to cite this article: Simon Conway Morris, Paul A. Selden, Glade Gunther, Paul G. Jamison and Richard A. Robison (2015). New records of Burgess Shale-type taxa from the middle Cambrian of Utah. Journal of Paleontology, 89, pp 411-423 doi:10.1017/jpa.2015.26 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/JPA, IP address: 92.20.239.14 on 17 Jan 2016 Journal of Paleontology, 89(3), 2015, p. 411–423 Copyright © 2015, The Paleontological Society 0022-3360/15/0088-0906 doi: 10.1017/jpa.2015.26 New records of Burgess Shale-type taxa from the middle Cambrian of Utah Simon Conway Morris,1 Paul A. Selden,2,3 Glade Gunther,4 Paul G. Jamison,5 and Richard A. Robison2 1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK <[email protected]> 2Department of Geology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7594, USA <[email protected]>; <[email protected]> 3Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK 4Brigham City, Utah 84302, USA <[email protected]> 5JPS Inc., Logan, Utah 84321, USA <[email protected]> Abstract.—Cambrian strata of the Laurentian craton contain numerous examples of Burgess Shale–type faunas. Although displaying a more or less concentric distribution around the cratonal margin, most faunal occurrences are in present-day western North America, extending from the Northwest Territories to California. Nevertheless, the soft-bodied and lightly skeletalized fossils in most of these Lagerstätten are highly sporadic. Here, we extend knowledge of such Middle Cambrian occurrences in Utah with reports of four taxa. An arthropod from the Marjum Formation, Dytikosicula desmatae gen. et sp. nov., is a putative megacheiran. It is most similar to Dicranocaris guntherorum, best known from the younger Wheeler Formation, but differs primarily in the arrangement of pleurae and overall size. Along with a specimen of ?Yohoia sp, a new species of Yohoia, Y. utahana sp. nov., is described. It differs from the type and only known species, Y. tenuis, principally in its larger size and shorter exopods; it is the first description of this genus from outside the Burgess Shale. A new species of a stem-group lophotrochozoan from the Spence Shale, Wiwaxia herka sp. nov., possesses a palisade of dorso-lateral spines that are more robust and numerous than the type species of Wiwaxia, W. corrugata. Another notable taxon is Eldonia ludwigi from the Marjum Formation, which is interpreted as a primitive ambulacrarian (assigned to the cambroernids) and a new specimen of the ?cnidarian Cambrorhytium from the Wheeler Shale is illustrated. Introduction Butterfield and Nicholas, 1996; Randell et al., 2005; Johnston et al., 2009; Caron et al., 2010; Kimmig and Pratt, 2015), eastern The soft-bodied and lightly skeletalized fossils of the Burgess United States (e.g., Skinner, 2005; Schwimmer and Montante, Shale–type biotas have had a profound impact on our under- 2007; Conway Morris and Peel, 2010), Russia (e.g., Repina and standing of the major radiations of the early metazoans, an event Okuneva, 1969; Friend et al., 2002; Ivantsov et al., 2005), colloquially referred to as the Cambrian “explosion” (e.g., Australia (e.g., Jago and Anderson, 2004; Ortega-Hernandez Conway Morris, 1998; Marshall, 2006). To date, only three et al., 2010), Europe (e.g., Conway Morris and Robison, 1986; occurrences are especially prolific. These are the type locality in Chlupáč and Kordule, 2002; García-Bellido et al., 2011; Gámes British Columbia, Canada (and adjacent outcrops, see Collins Vintaned et al., 2011), and China (e.g., Steiner et al., 2012; Xiao et al., 1983), the Chengjiang localities around Kunming, Yun- et al., 2005; Zhang and Hua, 2005; Liu, 2013; Sun et al., 2013). nan, China (e.g., Chen and Zhou, 1997; Zhang et al., 2008), and It remains the case, however, that in a significant number of Sirius Passet, Peary Land, North Greenland (e.g., Conway these latter Burgess Shale–type localities, the quality of pre- Morris and Peel, 1995, 2008; 2010; Budd, 2011; Daley and servation may be impressive, but the range of material is rela- Peel, 2010; Ineson and Peel, 2011; Peel and Ineson, 2011). This tively limited and has only been obtained as the result of is not to say that other localities do not have very considerable intensive and protracted seasons of collecting. This applies, for potential: most notable in this respect are faunas from the Emu example, to a series of localities in the western United States, Bay Shale of South Australia (e.g., Paterson et al., 2010, 2011; most of which are in Utah. Outcrops in the Latham Shale Edgecombe et al., 2011) and in South China both the Kaili (Gaines and Droser, 2002), Poleta Formation (English and deposits from Guizhou, (e.g., Zhao et al., 2003, 2005; Lin, 2006; Babcock, 2010), Pioche Formation (e.g., Webster et al., 2008), Yang et al., 2011) and new assemblages (Guanshan, Xiaoshiba) Spence Shale (e.g., Conway Morris and Robison, 1988; Liddell adjacent to Kunming (e.g. Hu et al., 2010; Yang et al., 2013). et al., 1997; Gaines and Droser, 2005; Garson et al., 2012), Although these localities rightly enjoy the lion’s share of Wheeler Formation (e.g., Conway Morris and Robison, 1986; attention, in terms of present-day geography, the lower and Gaines et al., 2005; Halgedahl et al., 2009; Stein et al., 2011), middle Cambrian Burgess Shale-type faunas (broadly construed: Marjum Formation (e.g., Gaines and Droser, 2010), and Conway Morris, 1989; Butterfield, 1995) are widely distributed, Weeks Formation (e.g., Bonino and Kier, 2010; Robison and with records from western Canada (e.g., Copeland, 1993; Babcock, 2011; Lerosey-Aubril et al., 2013) have yielded a 411 412 Journal of Paleontology 89(3):411–423 series of Burgess Shale-type fossils. These include non-trilobite curved margins divided into three regions. Anterior border of arthropods, priapulids, sponges and chancelloriids, as well as median part of head shield expanded slightly anteriorly, beyond several taxa, notably the medusiform Eldonia and cataphract procurved line (Fig. 1.1, 1.2). Pair of eyes situated anteriorly Wiwaxia, whose systematic positions have been more con- beyond anterior margin of head shield. Great appendage tentious. To the existing literature on these localities scattered consisting of proximal element emerging from beneath anterior across the Great Basin (e.g., Rigby, 1983; Gunther and Gunther, head shield between eyes, extending downwards not beyond 1981; Briggs and Robison 1984; Robison, 1991; Conway lateral edges of head shield, followed by distal element Morris and Robison, 1986, 1988; Rigby et al., 1997; Waggoner extending upwards. Trunk of 13 segments, increasing in length and Hagadorn 2004; Briggs et al., 2005; Cartwright et al., 2007; from approximately 1.0 mm (1), through approximately 1.5 mm Halgedahl et al., 2009; Moore and Lieberman, 2009; Conway (5–9) to approximately 2.0 mm (11–13), and telson. Tergites Morris and Peel, 2010; Gaines and Droser, 2010) we now add show slight posterior imbrication. Tergopleura of tergite some significant new finds. These include an articulated speci- 1 lobate, narrower (transversely) than other tergites, partly men of a new species of Wiwaxia (Spence Shale), arthropods in covered by posterior margin of head shield. Tergopleurae the form of Dytikosicula desmatae gen. et sp. nov. (Marjum 2–9 lobate, with recurved anterior margin, curved tip, procurved Formation), as well as specimens of ?Yohoia sp. and Yohoia posterior margin (Fig. 1.1, 1.2). Curvature of anterior and utahana sp. nov. (Spence Shale), and a large specimen of posterior margins increases posteriorly, so tergopleurae of Eldonia (Marjum Formation). In passing, we also draw attention more posterior tergites appear more swept back. Tergopleura 10 to a specimen of the questionable cnidarian Cambrorhytium with recurved anterior margin, short pointed posterior angle. (Wheeler Formation). Tergopleurae 11–13 narrower (transversely), with short sharply pointed posterior angles. Trunk limbs with exopod and Methods endopodal rami. At least 6 endopods, associated with trunk segments 1–5, 8 (Fig. 1.3, 1.4); exopods on trunk segments Specimens were photographed with Canon 5D MkII and MkIII 1–9, not seen on segments 10–13. Endopods slender, at cameras (Canon U.S.A. Inc., Melville, NY) mounted on Leica least distally where seen protruding from beneath head shield MZ12.5 and MZ16 stereomicroscopes, either dry or under 70% or tergopleurae, tapering distally. Exopods appear as fan of ethanol, and in cross-polarized light using a ring light and/or stout bristles, connected by organic material (?setules), low-angle illumination with polarizing filters, and a polarizing curving backwards and downwards, extending only slightly filter in front of the objective lens. For each specimen, several beyond margins of tergopleurae. Telson spatulate, lineations on photographs were taken at different levels of focus and then surface, straight posterior margin bearing zigzag pattern of short stacked using Adobe Photoshop CS6 (Adobe Systems Inc., San spines. Jose, CA) to ensure all parts of each specimen were in focus. For some larger specimens, a mosaic of photographs was taken and Holotype.—KUMIP 357406, only known specimen (collected these were then merged using Photoshop (see Selden, 2014 for by PMJ), part and counterpart.
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