KR0000176
KAERI/RR-2021/99 S| # 3. JL
Liquid Metal Reactor Design Technology Development
Development of Sodium Technology
7}
3k t} 7| Please be aware that all of the Missing Pages in this document were originally blank pages 2000. 5. 31
?4
L-t- 1=1 •zr
Hi- JL(B) 0|
o| 3.
i.
II.
, 7]
4.
47).
- I - 5.
-*oM pin-holeo]uf
damage
3! self-plugging^- reopen^] reopen time, size, shape ^ sel f-wastage, ^fl corrosion
6.
-11 - ZL SG zj- ], ojofl
, KALIMER SG
DEG; double ended guillotine)!- nfl-f 3.7]^} ufs.
7.
71- ^ <£^-b KALIMER 11, water mock-up DSP
III.
1. 71 i
-in- 7}. . Wire Spacer
2. 7}. ELB03D
3. f. PSDRS
4. 7\.
5. 7}.
(l) (2) ^#-# (3) Wastage (4)
(1) (2) (3) (4) Reopen time Reopen size ^ shape
(l) 7fl.fi. (2) ^ #*I ^ (7}) -^ #*1 (Sodium loop)
1) Self-wastage pattern 2) Reopen time 3) ^#
(1) (2) 6. 7f. (l)
(2) 3.S.S]
K 3i7j -v - HOPRE (1) (2) (3) (4) >. £ (l) (2) (3) (7}) KALIMER 2*]- 7j[^-^ 3.x} Scale down factor ^^ (u\) ^H (4) (5) 7. 7K iv. Wire spacer 3187J1 71 Todreasi] MHD -vi- 2. ELB03D ELB03D^ 3. 3 $] 67H 4. -vii- pre-ignitiono) 71] 854°C^ ^cH ^ 0.036bar7f 5. self-plugged^fe , seal^i leak pathfe ^r# ^5.^]^^ fe ferrite steel# reopen time^ tH^ 130-g-, reopen size^- ^ 2mm circular ^BH# u}Bf^# ^ ^ ^^cf. Jp# ^-^1# AESS segregation ^B 2.25Cr-lMo steel# ^-B| reopen time trfef —vm- 6. (1) SPIKE ^H (7\) 715| | 3. , 2*1- inertia constraints^] xt}S. rupture disk spiked parameter study -§• (2) HOPRE 1H 51 (HOPRE ) 71 straight HOPRE IH Safe 2^ *#o] discrete two phase7> HOPRE IHfe o] ^^ discrete two phased «L-i~ 3 S] (1) KALIMER5] 2*} 5^^. scale-down factor# -2) geometry 4 components^ (KALIMER {V}) -x - (tf]-) Scale-down factor ^^ (heat load scale •' 1/256) (of) p & ID 51 #*] (2) spike #^£ SG ^>^- 7H cold plenum*. -g-7] SG shells ^, o] 4 £ drop hammer^ t:K Rupture disc(RD)cJJ-g-§-i- ^^ rupture di transient M $# SPIKE SPIKE 1£^ KALIMER 24 Tfl-f- # 7. 71 ^ KALIMER SGS] , DSP (real-time) DSP *!; -xi- SUMMARY I. Project Title Development of Sodium Technology II. Objective and Importance 1. Sodium thermal hydraulics Sodium experimental data are very important for development of liquid metal reactor which uses sodium as coolant. The use of highly accurate experimental data is indispensable for the design of a new concept liquid metal reactor which is safe and economic by simplifying and compacting the reactor. The objective of present study is to produce experimental data for development and verification of computer codes. 2. Sodium measuring technology and development of key components The sodium measuring and experimental analysis technologies are the basic technologies for improving the accuracy of sodium experiments. The development of key components of liquid metal reactor is very important for development of liquid metal reactor and the prototype of key components can be used in the sodium experimental facility. 3. Computer code verification experiments The objectives of present studies are to develop the preliminary technology for the future large-scale experiments, and to produce the basic experimental data to be used for modelling the computer codes as well as enhancing the efficiency of future experiment by utilizing the experimental data as basic data for designing the -xiii- experimental facility. 4. Sodium fire characteristics The rise of temperature and pressure, release of aerosol in reactor from sodium fire, resulting from a major sodium spill and a pipe rupture of sodium coolant systems in a LMFBR, must be considered in the safety measures of plant. And it is essential to maintain originally sodium fire test facility and know from experience through the direct performance of sodium fire test. It is necessarily to understand the characteristics of sodium fire with the various type of leakage. Safety technologies such as the emergency measures against sodium fire, fire protection and fire propagation, and extinguish acquired by sodium fire test could be reflected in design of the liquid metal reactor. It is objective of this study to analyze sodium fire characteristics and produce data for validation of computer code. 5. Small leak experiments and analysis The liquid sodium which is used as a coolant in LMFBR, may give rise to a serious trouble in the safety aspect of steam generator. The defects in a heat transfer tube, such as pin-hole or tube welding defect, will result in a leakage of high pressure steam into the sodium side and production of hydrogen gas and corrosive sodium compounds which can cause significant damage to the tube wall of steam generator by using exothermic reaction. In this case, initial leak size will be enlarged with time and the leak rate developed to large leak through the micro, small, intermediate leaks. Therefore, the analysis of sodium-water reaction phenomena by the micro and small water leaks in the heat transfer tube is very -xiv- important in the initial leak stage in the aspects for the protection of leak progress and safety evaluation of steam generator. In this study, firstly, the micro and small water leaks phenomena, such as reopen size, shape, and time of leak path, self-wastage, corrosion of tube materials, was analyzed from the literature survey and water leakage experiments using the leak specimen. 6. Large leak water mock-up test If the water should leak from a defect, such as pinhole or vibration and welding defects of heat transfer tube, in the tube wall of the steam generator, it would cause a sodium-water reaction(SlR) at this point and produced a high temperature by exothermic reaction and occurred the corrosion of tube material and pressure build-up by reaction products. In this case, initial leak size has enlarged on progressing the time and a tube failure could be occurred, finally. Therefore, the stability evaluation of the steam generator, first, and secondary system was required for safety of the secondary system. To the evaluation of the first and secondary system including the steam generator, we have investigated the characteristics analysis for micro and small leaks phenomena, development of the computer code for analysis of initial and quasi steady-state spike pressures to analyze of large leak accident. Also, water mock-up test facility for the analysis of large leak accident phenomena was designed and being manufactured. From these data we are to reflect on the design of steam generator, and, also, it will be evaluated the safety of the first and secondary system included the steam generator of KALIMER. -xv- 7. Development of water leak detection technology The development of water leak detection technology is needed to early detect the accident of water leak into sodium for accomplishing the integrity of steam generator. This study for the design conditions of the KALIMER steam generator predicts the leak detection time using the water mock-up experimental equipment and the DSP instrument through the water experiment. The possibility of detection prepared with the conditions of experiment for detecting the micro-leak rate will be confirmed. III. Contents and Scope 1. Sodium thermal hydraulics A. Water experiment of free surface fluctuation (1) Introduction (2) Experiment (3) Experimental results B. Pressure drop in a fuel assembly with wire-spacer (1) Introduction (2) Pressure drop correlations (3) Experimental set-up and method (4) Results and discussion (5) Conclusions C. Effect of magnetic field on pressure drop (1) Introduction (2) Theoretical analysis of pressure drop by magnetic field in sodium flow (3) Calculated results (4) Fabrication of MHD electromagnet system and basic test (5) Results and discussion -xvi- (6) Conclusions 2. Sodium measuring technology and development of key components A. Development of ELB03D thermal hydraulic code and analysis of experimental results. (1) Introduction (2) Modification of momentum interpolation method for unsteady flows and SIMPLE algorithm. (3) Evaluation of modified momentum interpolation method (4) Analysis of transient natural convection of sodium (5) Analysis of thermal stratification in a curved duct (6) Conclusions B. Development of sodium two phase flow measuring technology (1) Objective and necessity of study (2) Experimental set-up and method (3) Experimental results (4) Conclusions C. Development of design code for small electromagnetic pumps and electromagnetic characterization experiments (1) Introduction (2) Development of design code for small electromagnetic pumps (3) Characterization experiments for manufactured electro- magnetic pumps (4) Conclusions D. Development of conceptual design of fuel handling machine with long phantograph arms (1) Introduction (2) Fuel handling machine of LMR with long phantograph arms (3) Dynamic analysis of the fuel handling robot manipulator (4) Deflection analysis of the fuel handling robot manipulator -xvii- 3. Computer code verification experiments A. Design of PSDRS experimental facility (1) Introduction (2) Design of experimental facility (3) Conclusions B. Bundle pressure drop measuring experimental facility and preliminary analysis (1) Introduction (2) Design and manufacturing experimental facility (3) Preliminary analysis of pressure drop (4) Analysis of dynamic characterization of mock-up nuclear fuel assembly (5) Conclusions C. Design of Experimental facility for computer code verification (1) Objective and necessity of study (2) Important experimental contents and experimental condition (3) Organization of experimental facility (4) Future research plan 4. Sodium fire characteristics A. Experiments for medium sodium fire characteristics B. Production of data for validation of computer code 5. Small leak experiments and analysis A. Introduction B. Theoretical analysis on small leak (1) Physical and chemical properties of liquid sodium (2) Sodium-Water reaction (3) Wastage phenomena and leak characteristics (4) World trend on water leakage analysis C. Small leak experiment and reaction phenomena analysis (1) Experimental apparatus (2) Methods (3) Analysis (4) Results and discussion D. International Co-work (1) Introduction (2) Apparatus and method (3) Results and discussion E. Study on analysis of impurity contents (1) Detection of oxygen in sodium by bare orifice mode (2) Detection of oxygen in sodium by partially plugged mode 6. Large leak water mock-up test A. Analysis of large scale water leak event (1) Assessment of reaction phenomena (A) Pressure transient (B) Bubble behavior (2) Codes for analysis of pressure effects (A) Model of sodium-water reaction (B) Estimation of water leak rate B. Development of SPIKE code for analysis of initial spike pressure (1) Governing equations (2) Boundary conditions (3) Computer program (4) Calculation and discussion (5) Conclusion C. Development of HOPRE code for analysis of quasi-steady state pressure in homogeneous two phase flow (1) Governing equation -xix- (2) Difference equation (3) Boundary condition (4) Numerical calculation (5) Conclusion D. Water mock-up test (1) Objective (2) Preface (3) Experimental apparatus (A) Summary (B) Simulation of the KALIMER secondary system (C) Decision of the scale-down factor (D) Design basis (E) Composition of the loop (F) Design, manufacture and installation of the main equipments (G) Simplified line test rig (4) Experiment of rupture disc burst (5) Conclusion 7. Development of water leak detection technology A. Development of water leak detection technology (1) Development of hydrogen detection technology (2) Development of acoustic leak detection technology IV. Results and Proposal for application 1. Sodium thermal hydraulics In a small scale free surface experiment a dimensionless variable which can bestly describe the amplitude and frequency of fluctuation of free surface is proposed and an empirical correlation is -xx - developed for the description of amplitude and frequency of fluctuation. The 318 experimental data set are produced in a pressure drop experiments in a fuel assembly with wire spacer and the existing pressure drop correlations are evaluated using these data. It is shown that the correlation developed by Cheng and Todreas fits best with the present data for all flow regions and for all test sections. A trial run and preliminary test of the MHD loop for sodium pressure drop experiment are performed. The sodium differential pressure meter is tested and the characteristic experimental data for three EM pumps are produced using this test loop. The EM pump experiments show that very different results are obtained according to the change of the input frequency. 2. Sodium measuring technology and development of key components According to the analysis by ELB03D thermal hydraulic code, the use of higher order scheme for unsteady term, higher order bounded convection scheme and modified momentum interpolation method are necessary for a proper prediction of transient natural convection of sodium and thermal stratification. It is shown that the ELB03D code predicts properly the transient thermal hydraulic behaviour of sodium. When the flow rates of two-phase flows are measured by the electromagnetic flowmeters, it is observed that the output signals are changed significantly according to the amount of gas entrained. This observation shows that it is possible to measure the two-phase flows of sodium by the electromagnetic flowmeter. The sodium differential pressure meter manufactured by the method of direct contact of sodium and oil is accurate and cheap, but is difficult to operate. A new fuel handling machine with long pantograph manipulators, which can be permanently installed in the reactor vessel, is proposed and a deflection compensation method for the -xxi- proposed fuel handling machine is devised. The possibility of its application to LMR is confirmed by dynamic analysis. 3. Computer code verification experiments A bundle pressure drop water experimental test loop of maximum flowrate of 501 /sec and maximum operating temperature of 70°C is constructed. The measurement of the flow characteristics in IHX shell side and the local pressure drop in fuel assembly, and the investigation of vibration behaviour of fuel pins under different kinds of flow conditions will be performed in the next year using this facility. In order to prepare the experiments for the development and verification of computer code for LMR development of the three experimental facilities which can carry out the six experimental items are designed and the design specifications are documented. 4. Sodium fire characteristics In this study, sodium fire characteristics was analyzed and data for validation of computer code was produced. Oxygen and sodium filled in pool pan didn't burns instantly, but pool fire occurred through pre-ignition. Distribution of temperature in test cell was divided by two parts, and temperature at upper position appeared to be higher than temperature at lower position. The temperature in test cell increased with the feed of sodium. The pressure in test cell increased with the feed of sodium. When the feed of sodium was 8kg, peak pressure was 0.075 bar. Peak temperature in sodium pool appeared to be 854°C regardless of the feed of sodium. Decrease of \% in oxygen concentration showed the rise of 0. 036bar in pressure. 5. Small leak experiments and analysis •xxn- In small water leak experiments, the leak path was plugged by the sodium-water reaction products at the leak path of a specimen, and re-open phenomena were not observed in initial experiments. Other leak experiments, reopen phenomena of self-plugged leak path was observed. Re-open mechanism of sealed path could be explained by the thermal transient and vibration of heat transfer tube. As a result, perfect reopen time of self plugged leak path was observed to be about 130 minutes after water leak initiation. Reopen shape of a specimen was appeared with double layer of circular type, and reopen size of this specimen surface was about 2mm diameter on sodium side. Also, the corrosion of a specimen initiated from sodium side, the segregation phenomena of Cr in the specimen was found much more than those of other elements, in AES analysis. In small water leakage experiments were carried out using the 2.25Cr-lMo steel through co-work with IPPE, the following correlation equation about the reopen time between sodium temperature and initial leak rate was ( 3570 3 34 ) 0 3 Tbh obtained, rc = S • g' -* • 10 , in 400-500 °C of liquid sodium atmosphere. A plugging temperature indicator(PTI) was fabricated to give a modified temperature control mode and it was studied on the measurement of the oxygen content in the liquid sodium. The PTI was operated with two modes- bare orifice mode and partially plugged mode. In the bare orifice mode, the difference between the plugging temperature and the saturated temperature was great and the plugging temperature was influenced by the cooling rate in the mode. Whereas, in the partially plugged mode, the difference was reduced significantly and the calibration of the PTI was not required since the operating parameters did not affect the determination of the plugging temperature. It was possible to save the measuring time by reducing the amplitude of the temperature oscillation. 6. Large leak water mock-up test A. Development of large leak analyzing computer code (1) Development of SPIKE code for analysis of initial spike pressure (A) In large water leak in the steam generator, the pressure changes in three stage. In initial stage, the pressure rises highly, after that transient it increases a little, and then it maintains nearly constant. The intensity of initial spike pressure depends on the internal structure of steam generator and transfer characteristics of acoustic wave, second increase of pressure on the inertia constraints of secondary cooling system, and the pressure of quasi-steady state on the interference of sodium-hydrogen stream after rupture burst. (B) Gas-phase hydrogen of reaction product is enlarged forming spherical single bubble in initial stage, after loosing stability it is changed to homogeneous two-phase flow with hydrogen, and finally it is changed to discrete two-phase flow with gas-phase hydrogen and liquid-phase sodium as water leak more. (C) Therefore, the code should be verified through several steps to analyze such a various process. (D) To develop SPIKE code for estimation of propagation phenomena of initial spike pressure and effect to the secondary system based on above mentioned process, following study was performed. - Parameter study for analysis of phenomena in reaction zone - Estimation of boundary condition - Comparison with document -xxiv- As a result, the program was coincided well with the expected value and document, but it should be verified through experiments. (2) Development of HOPRE code for analysis of quasi-steady state pressure in homogeneous two-phase flow Derivation of governing equation and difference equation, programming, and features of pressure propagation not only in the simple straight pipe but also in the LMFBR secondary system to develop HOPRE code with which the variation of fluid characteristics such as pressure propagation by homogeneous two-phase flow of hydrogen and sodium produced by reaction, variation of velocity, and void fraction when water leak into sodium, was studied. This HOPRE code can be applied to the homogeneous two-phase flow. However, pressure fluctuation in initial stage of reaction and assumption of the vessels for boundary condition, and others should be amended. Moreover, water leak is progressed comparatively for a long time, so two-phase flow will be assumed as a homogeneous two-phase. But before reaction, sodium is exist in single-phase and it is difficult to assume all of the secondary system of LMFBR is homogeneous two-phase flow. For that reason, in the initial leak stage, combined model of single-phase and homogeneous two-phase, called of discrete two-phase, will be used. Accordingly this HOPRE code will be expected to be used as a part of DIPRE code analyzing discrete two-phase flow than using independently. (3) Water mock-up test (A) Test facility In this report, modeling of KALIMER secondary system, definition of scale-down factor, and calculation of material and heat balance of the secondary system including SG and 1HX based on the modeling was performed. On this basis, equipments was designed, manufactured and installed as follows; -xxv - (D Understanding of design basis and process concept © Understanding of detail design requirements of the each components including steam generator (3) Conceptual and basic design of the water mock-up test facility @ Drawing of the process flow © Calculation of the material and heat balance © Definition of scale-down factor (heat load scale : 1/256) © Preparation of the equipment design data sheets ® Preparation of P & ID and layout drawings (D Manufacturing and installation (B) Water mock-up test When water leak into sodium in steam generator, initial spike pressure transferred to the secondary cold plenum from steam generator lower open part by sodium-water reaction. Accordingly estimation of effects to the safety of primary vessel and internal structures by pressure propagation is important. For this reason, water mock-up test on pressure propagation is being performed. First of all, as the rupture disc which is used in water mock-up test, is very expensive and one time consumable material, selection of the substituting material of the rupture disc was needed. As a result of bursting pressure of substituting materials, two folds of aluminium film with 0.1mm thickness was bursted nearly at the pressure of 7kg/cm2 similar to the bursting pressure of the rupture disc. These materials will be used in the water mock-up test except collecting definite experimental data. Through this experiment, the characteristics of pressure propagation and gas flow, and pressure transient transferred to the IHX will be analyzed. The experimental data will be used for the primary verification of SPIKE code to analyze initial spike pressure - xxvi- during sodium-water reaction. The verified SPIKE code will be applied to the design of KALIMER secondary system including steam generator and IHX and used to analyze the safety of equipment in sodium-water reaction. 7. Development of water leak detection technology In the development of hydrogen leak detection technology, the hydrogen detector showed the characteristics of hydrogen leak detection delay. In the development of acoustic leak detection technology, considering the design conditions of the KALIMER steam generator, we predicted the limitation of water leak detection, the selection of acoustic sensor, and the construction of the DSP instrument. The experimental and simulated results on the frequencies of acoustic signal according to the leak level were compared. The acoustic experimental results will be used to develope the water leak detection technology using the real-time DSP instrumentation Contents Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Chapter 2. Technical review for sodium technology development 7 Chapter 3. Results for the development of sodium technology 37 1. Sodium thermal hydraulics • 37 A. Water experiment of free surface fluctuation 37 (1) Introduction 37 (2) Experiment 38 (3) Experimental results 44 B. Pressure drop in a fuel assembly with wire-spacer 77 (1) Introduction 77 (2) Pressure drop correlations 79 (3) Experimental set-up and method 84 (4) Results and discussion 95 (5) Conclusions • 109 C. Effect of magnetic field on pressure drop 110 (1) Introduction 110 (2) Theoretical analysis of pressure drop by magnetic field in sodium flow 110 (3) Calculated results 115 (4) Fabrication of MHD electromagnet system and basic test 115 (5) Results and discussion 131 (6) Conclusions 131 2. Sodium measuring technology and development of key components 133 A. Development of ELBO3D thermal hydraulic code and analysis of experimental results. 133 (1) Introduction 133 (2) Modification of momentum interpolation method for unsteady flows and SIMPLE algorithm. 134 (3) Evaluation of modified momentum interpolation method 145 (4) Analysis of transient natural convection of sodium 149 -xxix- (5) Analysis of thermal stratification in a curved duct 158 (6) Conclusions 169 B. Development of sodium two phase flow measuring technology 170 (1) Objective and necessity of study 170 (2) Experimental set-up and method 172 (3) Experimental results 185 (4) Conclusions 191 C. Development of design code for small electromagnetic pumps and electromagnetic characterization experiments 194 (1) Introduction 194 (2) Development of design code for small electromagnetic pumps 194 (3) Characterization experiments for manufactured electro- magnetic pumps 209 (4) Conclusions 228 D. Development of conceptual design of fuel handling machine with long phantograph arms 229 (1) Introduction 229 (2) Fuel handling machine of LMR with long phantograph arms 229 (3) Dynamic analysis of the fuel handling robot manipulator 238 (4) Deflection analysis of the fuel handling robot manipulator ••••251 3. Computer code verification experiments 261 A. Design of PSDRS experimental facility 261 (1) Introduction 261 (2) Design of experimental facility 261 (3) Conclusions 273 B. Bundle pressure drop measuring experimental facility and preliminary analysis 275 (1) Introduction 275 (2) Design and manufacturing experimental facility 275 (3) Preliminary analysis of pressure drop 309 -xxx - (4) Analysis of dynamic characterization of mock-up nuclear fuel assembly 315 (5) Conclusions 323 C. Design of Experimental facility for computer code verification 324 (1) Objective and necessity of study 324 (2) Important experimental contents and experimental condition • 324 (3) Organization of experimental facility 330 (4) Future research plan 343 4. Sodium fire characteristics 345 A. Introduction 345 B. Experimental apparatus and method •••••346 (1) Experimental apparatus 346 (A) Concrete test cell 348 (B) Sodium dissolver 351 (C) Sodium storage tank 351 (D) Sodium supply tank 351 (E) Gas control system 352 (F) Gas sampling system 352 (G) Thermocouple system 352 (H) Control pannel 352 (I) Data aquisition system 353 (2) Experimental method 353 C. Results and discussion 356 D. Conclusions 373 Nomenclature 374 5. Small leak experiments and analysis 376 A. Introduction 376 B. Theoretical analysis on small leak 376 (1) Physical and chemical properties of liquid sodium 376 (2) Sodium-water reaction 380 (3) Wastage phenomena and leak characteristics 383 (4) World trend on water leakage analysis 385 -xxxi- C. Analysis for the small leak experiment and reaction phenomena 418 (1) Experimental apparatus 418 (2) Methods 418 (3) Analysis 420 (4) Results and discussion 420 (A) Reaction characteristics on leak site 420 (B) Leak characteristics 423 (C) Reopen time 425 (D) Reopen size and shape 426 D. International co-work 429 (1) Introduction 429 (2) Results and discussion 430 (A) Self-wastage pattern 433 (B) Reopen time 436 (C) Sodium temperature effect 440 E. Sodium Purification 442 (1) Introduction 442 (2) Experiments 444 (3) Results and discussion 449 (A) Bare orifice mode 451 (B) Partially plugged mode 454 F. Conclusions 461 6. Large leak water mock-up test 467 A. Theory and background 467 (1) Passive protection from unmitigated sodium-water reaction event in helical coil type SG 469 (A) Composition of the steam generator and sodium operating level 471 (B) Characteristics of the passive method mitigating sodium-water reaction 473 (2) Design basis leak analysis for designing the sodium-water reaction products subsystem 480 -xxxn- (A) Large development plant (LDP) 481 (B) Approaching method for design SWRP subsystem 481 (C) Design basis leak 483 (D) Estimation of the large leak 486 (E) Diminishing method of the accumulated flow rate 489 (F) Estimation of the reaction product 492 (G) Structural estimation 493 (3) Analysis of design basis leak event in an LMFBR SG 494 (A) Revision of the LEAP code 496 (B) Revision of the SWACS code 497 (C) Analysis of the large FBR 498 B. Analysis of large scale water leak event 509 (1) Assessment of reaction phenomena 509 (A) Pressure transient 509 (B) Bubble behavior 510 (2) Codes for analysis of pressure effects 511 (A) Model of sodium-water reaction 513 1) Reaction stoichiometry 513 2) Reaction rate 516 3) Temperature of bubble 517 4) Phase in bubble 517 (B) Estimation of water leak rate 517 1) Conservative model 517 2) Increasing model 518 3) Steady state 518 C. Development of SPIKE code for analysis of initial spike pressure 519 (1) Governing equations 519 (A) Material and energy balance equation 519 (B) Numerical solution 522 (2) Boundary conditions 524 (A) Pipe fittings 524 (B) Equipment 524 -xxxm- (3) Computer program 524 (4) Calculation and discussion 528 (A) Sodium-water reaction characteristics 528 (B) Assessment of boundary conditions 532 (C) Comparison with previous studies 533 (5) Conclusion 541 D. Development of HOPRE code for analysis of quasi-steady state pressure in homogeneous two phase flow 541 (1) Governing equation 544 (A) Equation of continuity 544 (B) Equation of momentum 545 (C) Equation of energy 546 (D) Relative velocity 546 (E) Equation of vapor density 547 (F) Equation of state 547 (G) Assumption, definition and related equation 547 (2) Difference equation 548 (A) Definition of grid and variable 548 (B) Difference equation 550 1) Equation of continuity 550 2) Other balance equation 551 3) Relative velocity equation 552 (C) Pressure correction 555 1) Approximate equation for pressure correction 555 2) Expression of gas phase density error 555 3) Expression of velocity error 556 4) Equation of pressure error 557 (3) Boundary condition 558 (A) Constant pressure vessel 558 (B) Variable pressure vessel 559 (C) Constant volume vessel (with cover gas) 559 1) Material balance calculation 560 2) Energy balance calculation 561 - xxxiv- 3) Pressure calculation 562 (D) Constant volume vessel (without cover gas) 563 (E) Sodium-water reaction zone 563 1) Sodium-water reaction and leak rate 564 2) Material balance equation 565 3) Energy balance equation 566 4) Pressure calculation 567 (4) Numerical calculation 568 (A) Simple piping system 568 1) Simple straight pipe 568 2) Straight pipe with sudden expansion(contraction) 576 (B) Boundary condition 581 1) Constant volume vessel (without cover gas) 581 2) Constant volume vessel (with cover gas) 584 3) Leak zone 586 (C) Modeling of LMFBR secondary system 587 1) Structure of secondary system 589 2) Steam generator(SG) 590 3) Intermediate heat exchanger(IHX) 592 4) Modeling of secondary system 593 5) Estimation of pressure effect 594 (5) Conclusion 597 E. Water mock-up test 597 (1) Objective 597 (2) Preface 598 (3) Experimental apparatus 599 (A) Summary 599 (B) Simulation of the KALIMER secondary system 599 1) Simplification and modeling 599 2) Calculation results and investigation 602 (C) Decision of the scale-down factor 605 (D) Design basis 606 (E) Composition of the loop 608 -xxxv - (F) Design, manufacture and installation of the main equipments 608 (G) Simplified line test rig 620 (4) Experiment of rupture disc burst 621 (5) Conclusion 624 F. Conclusion 625 7. Development of water leak detection technology 631 A. Introduction 631 B. Development of Hydrogen detection technology 632 (1) Study on the characteristics of Hydrogen detection delay • 632 (A) Introduction 632 (B) Characteristics of response curve 632 (C) Results 634 (2) Study on the design of hydrogen detector using acoustic technology 635 (A) Introduction 635 (B) Configuration and structure of the system 636 (C) Effect of the system 640 C. Development of acoustic detection technology 644 (1) Introduction 644 (2) Leak classification 644 (A) Leak classification in KALIMER SG 644 (B) Leak classification in sodium (in case of foreign country) 645 (C) Attenuation of leak noise and effect of absorption 647 (D) Development of KALIMER acoustic leak detection system 648 1) Type of acoustic leak detection system 649 2) Configuration of acoustic leak detection system 649 3) Status of KALDS development 649 A) Selection of acoustic sensor 649 B) Experimental investigation on the noises in water-steam leak 651 - xxxvi- 4) Study of background noise in SG 652 5) Separation of noise of micro leak from background noise in real SG 657 6) Requirements of KALDS 657 D. Examination of adaptive-learned neural network technique ••••659 (1) Data acquisition and recognition methodology 659 (2) Adaptive filtering, feature extraction, pattern forming 659 (3) MLP neural network for pattern recognition 661 E. Construction of the DSP system of acoustic leak detection • • • 664 (1) System construction 664 (A) Introduction 664 (B) System 664 (2) Experimental results of the DSP 669 (A) Experimental system 669 (B) KAKIMER SG in jet regime 671 (C) Noise generation mechanism of argon gas injection into water 675 1) Motion mode of argon gas 675 2) Bubbling mode by argon injection 676 3) Turbulent argon stream through efflux channel 679 4) Pressure pulsation in wall boundary 679 5) Jet noise 680 (D) Conclusion 683 F. Conclusion of the study 683 Chapter 4. Attainment to the object of research and contribution 685 Chapter 5. Proposal for application 687 Chapter 6. References 689 -xxxvii- 2 # i# 7]^ 7flf^ tfl$ ^-ifl .5] 71^ ^^ 7 3 # if- 7]^- 7fl^ofl tfl^ <3^ ^4 37 ^ 1 XXMX- 4. '4. 91 169 2. £# 2#-fj-^ #3M^ 7fll: 170 7\. <&=?-7me\ -^H ^ €-8-^ 170 4. ^#*1 ^ ^^ 172 4. ^ 4 185 5}. 1 91 191 3. £*8 £z}%2. ^TllSH 7flig- ^J #*H§IL ^^ 194 7}. 7fl_a_ 194 4. ^^ ^^1-^5. ^13H 7}]^ 194 4. ^l^R*- ±^ $.x}&KZ] ^^^ 209 5}-. €<£ 228 4. ^ 31^^ «n^S.5i^7l7| 7fl^ 7H^ 229 7K ^^ 71U 229 4. ^11: ^B^H^A] ofl^j^^^ ^^S.iil^7l7l J7OV 229 4. ^45L^ SJJ^^JH^ g.^ nfluj^^oiE^ ^s.^ sfl^ 238 4. €45.^1 ^^S-^ S$ ^^ ^2:#£) ^^^ ^a§fl^ 251 l 3 ^ ^^>iaH 7fl^- 7111^^ 261 1. PSDRS ^*J-*1 ^7fl 261 7}. ^^7flA 261 4. ^^^-^1 261 4. ^ 273 2. «>-& O0-^7o^l- €^^1 -£*1 ^ itil^-^i 275 7\. 7fl^_ 275 4. -i^W ^^1 ^ ^1^- 275 4. oa-^7o^l- iti]^^ 309 2}. S.3 «fl^S^t^l^ *^^ ^^ 315 4. ^^i 323 3. -&^nA 7^% Q^X] Ain 324 7\. Q=?-^ ^ €A^ 324 4. ^-9. ^^ifl-g- ^ ^^A7i 324 4. ^^^-^1 ^^ 330 -xl- % 343 ll 4 ^ £# $4 ^ <2^ • 345 1. 7fl A 345 2. €H#*1 ^ M 346 A. ^^1 346 (1) SfisijEL Al^ ^ 348 (2) £# -g-^)£ 351 (3) ±.% A^3^ 351 (4) ±^ "E-^S: 351 (5) 7}^ 2:^ 4^- 352 (6) 7}^ $W% n^ 352 (7) Thermocouple Tllir 352 (8) ^H^> 352 (9) Data aquisition system 353 4. ^^ 353 3. ^4 ^ £^ 356 4. € 3. ^1^ # ¥# ^ ^ ^>-§- ^AJ- «fl^ 418 7\. £% %*] 418 4. ^ ^^ 418 4. £*} 420 A. ^.M 14 ^ 3-% 420 -xli - (1) ¥#^33 #-§-4^ 420 (2) ¥f^ 423 (3) Reopen time 425 (4) Reopen size 31 shape 426 4. ^^^14 429 7}. /fl.3. 429 4. ^tg *>*] nj ^ 430 (1) ^f #*1 (Sodium loop) 430 (2) ^ iJ-'g 432 (3) 14 ^ JL# 433 (7]-) Self-wastage pattern 433 (MO ^7fl^ *1# 436 (4) if" £51^ ^^ 440 5. !:£#£l ^£ ^^ ^^ 442 7}. 7flA 442 M-. ^^ 444 4. 14 ^ Jl# 449 (1) ^£H 451 (2) ^S-H. 454 6. l^i 461 1 6 ^ tflfl-H. ^f# # £S] ^^ 467 1. °1^ ^ «B^ 467 7>. Helical coil type^l ^7}^^7}^}A] i^--# yV-g- Aj-jiofl cfl*V ^r^ i.51^1 469 (1) #7l^7]S] ^^ ^ if-si ^^i ^^ 471 (2) £#-•!• ti>^-4 ^^§m -r^^l yov^^ ^^ 473 4. i#~i- ^l-S-^^l-^ cfl^: subsystem -i^ll- ^^: A}JL^^(I) 480 (1) iWS. 7fl^^1(LDP, Large Developmental Plant) 481 (2) SWRP subsystem ^11- ^^ ^e«J"^ 481 - xlii- (3) ^3]7i§ ¥# 483 (4) tflfl-s. ^f# sg7> 486 (5) #3€ -fr^ #^l?m yo^ 489 (6) #-§-^#i tfltb 3J7> 492 (7) ^3:^ ^7> 493 4- LMFBR SGi^i^ Ainy\^ ¥#43.^^(11) 494 (1) LEAP 3H<^ ^ 496 (2) SWACS 3H2] ^ 497 (3) tflfl-s FBRi tfl^ §1]^ 498 2. £#-•!• ^-g-^^ «fl^ 509 7>. ^-g-^^-^) sfl^ 509 (1) ^^ ^^ ^7> 509 (2) 713. 7i^ «H 510 M-. 3H$] ^% ^-^ 511 (1) £1—§• «>^-^ £1 513 (71-) ^-g-^1 513 516 517 517 (2) #^ ¥## ^7> 517 517 518 518 3. S7] ^^ i4°]3 sfl^^r ^^r SPIKE 2E 7fl^ 519 7>. X1H]]^^AI 519 (1) #^ ^ °flM^l ^H 519 (2) "r^n^ 522 4. '^^12:^ 524 (1) Pipe fittings 524 (2) #*! 524 - xliii - 4. %fttf ^^n^ 524 sf. Tfl-iM^ ^ 31H: 528 (1) if-i: ^}-g-4^ 528 (2) M^sl ^J7> 532 (3) A ^^44 tilH sj7f 533 n>. ^<^ 541 4. ^^##^ S°j 2#*f-i^ s) ^^«D^-^ 31> HOPRE 3£ 7H11- 541 7>. ^til]^^^ 544 (1) continuity Equation 544 (2) momentum Equation 545 (3) energy Equation 546 (4) Relative velocity 546 (5) vapor density Equation 547 (6) ^-Bflyj-^Ai 547 (7) 7M, ^$\ ^ &7\}^ 547 4. *}£2fM^ 548 (1) T^A % ^$1 ^ 548 (2) *f£S]-^^ 550 (7r) continuity Equation 550 ZL «|^ ^r^l"^^ 551 Relative velocity equation 552 (3) Pressure correction 555 1 (7r) ^ii^# W e^A 555 555 556 (ef) ^SL*} yov^^ 557 4. ^12:^ 558 (1) °^ °J-^ -§-71 (Constant Pressure Tank) 558 (2) #5}- ^ -g-7] 559 - xliv- (3) Qi^ M -g-71 (cover gas S.^) 559 (71-) #^*1 31^ 560 (q-) iui^]^xl ^]A> 561 (tj-) <£53 ^]A> 562 (4) Q];$ «-3i) -g-71 (cover gas irS^) 563 (5) :£#-# #-§-Jf^ 563 (71-) ±^-% #-g- ^ ^#^7 564 565 I 566 567 568 (1) #£ HM^I 568 (7» Simple Straight Pipe 568 (M-) Straight Pipe with Sudden Expansion(Contraction) 576 (2) ^^l^^i 581 (A) °4^ ^f^j -g-7l(cover gas 1-Sf") 581 (M-) ^^ ^^ -g-71 (cover gas S.^t) 584 (4) ¥#^-^1 586 (3) oJj^^S. 2*\ Tllf-^l S.1^ 587 589 590 Wl 51^71 592 } 7fl#Bl a.l^y 593 K) ^^ ^^ $7} 594 4. I1?! 597 5. i- a^ ^^ 597 7K ^.^ 597 M-. *!£ 598 4. # S.^1 €^^1 599 (1) 7fl^_ 599 -xlv - (2) KALIMER 2*} A^Q ^4 XI # 599 }- ^ £1^ 599 A ^ 31 # 602 (3) Scale down factor ^^ 605 (4) AiA?}^ 606 (5) f-iE ^ 608 (6) #*1 ^4, ^ ^ ^*1 608 (7) #£*« *J^#*1 620 5f. Rupture disc(RD) 41 ^ 621 4. ^ 624 5. ^ 625 17^1- ¥# $% 7]^ 7fl^r 631 1. ^s 631 2. Hydrogen ^# 71^- 7fl^- 632 7\. Hydrogen ^# ^1 H£) ¥# ^^- 644 (2) ^f- ^SLS. i^/# ^r# ^-^-(^^^ ^-f) 645 (3) ¥# 4i#^ #£|Sf -f^ £4 647 (4) KALIMER ^ ^# ^1^ ?m 648 (7» ^g-^ ^# ^1^ ^Efl 649 - xlvi - 649 649 © 4-^ €^ ^ 649 © #-^ ^f# ££*! ^^^ SAf 651 (ef) SG^H nil3 ^£j 7\. tflo]^ ^^-4 o]A| «j-^^ 659 M-. Adaptive filtering, feature extraction, pattern forming 659 A. AQ SH-I: ^^MLP^l A]^^> 661 5. #%t ^^ DSP ^-y] ^# 664 7>. ^-^1 ^# 664 (1) 71]^. 664 (2) #*1 664 4. DSP A]^ ^4 669 (1) ^% %*] 669 (2) Jet °m^ KALIMER SG 671 (3) # ^o\] 4^-5- 7}+9} injection^^ ££ ^-^3 i?Hf --675 (7r) ofe.^ 7}i^ ^^ £E 675 (i4) 4^5- ^-4i ^?> bubbling £E 676 (4) -fHfr ^S-* f-^ \f^- 4S^ *f- 679 (s}) wall boundary^A^ 5] pressure pulsation 679 (*>) Jet i# 680 (4) €^ 683 6. ^^-^4 683 4 % Q^it ^rS. ^AJC w ^^ 7|o^£ 685 5 ^ ^^7fl^- ^4^1 %-§-7fl^ 687 6^ ^-Ji^ti 689 -xlvii- S. 1.1.1 (D = 320mm) 59 S 1.1.2 ^Hr^ -S-^sl ^^s^ ^^A^O] Tfl^ 67 a 1.1.3 ^-fi-^^ A^sl ^^7^ ^^e^H^ 31^ 76 a 1.2.1 ^^f 4Q 89 Si 1.3.1 #*H 7_Jo] Hj-^to]! ufS. 7}7l^-^ 3.71 122 5. 1.3.2 -fr^afl 4^ MHD °0-^ 7o^|- ^1^ ^^t]-^ s.^ 7]]^;^: 128 5 2.1.1 *H£T^, ^4^r^ X\tt#q°) ^^^=iL?l^^ ^^^ 4 *J-s] &<$ nl^lfe «§^=. 148 a 2.3.1 Novatome Pump IA 21^ 7}f;}^?i ^ ^7l^ ^^^^ 205 a 2.3.2 Novatome Pump IA 124^ 7}^^^ ^ #713 Ad^l^^ 206 5 2.3.3 PRISM &2L$] 7]f>\^q ^ #7H A4^1^^ 207 a 2.3.4 £*g Hfl^^-^-^l ^ #^]^H ^^-^£.#^}^i^ ^711^1^1 210 a 2.4.1 «l«*IS.:ui:g:7l7l£} til^, ^^ 230 S. 2.4.2 Input data at Joints 2, 4, 6 and Griper 249 S. 3.1.1 Specification for the flow and thermal parameters 262 S. 3.1.2 Required measurements-temperature(rev. 1) 263 a 3.2.1 #!• ^IH^I 31#/7-iH ^^ ^ s.^ 310 a 3.2.2 ii^^i <&msr*\- iyi^-^^4 (A+B:0.075 MPa, C+D:0.083 MPa) 314 S. 3.2.3 ^a^^l jL-a-#^-^ ^^ 320 S. 3.3.1 ^£] ^Tll^-oi:^ c^Tlla 344 S. 4. 1 ^f-SfTfl ^^ ^tb A^^l 7l§ 348 S. 4. 2 ±^ !•*§ sf7fl ^^ azi 357 a 5. 1 ^*fl-S-^f ^^4^\ % • ^^ 378 a 5. 2 AI-MGS^l^i ^-*$& ^^2:7j ^ Tjjif 399 - xlviii- 15.3 BN-350 4 BN-600 ^7]^^7]^\ ^£.^<% 406 a 5. 4 BN-600 &7]Tg$7M*\ ¥#$1*H 31^ <%*& 407 S5.5 BN-600 f^l^HMsi tube-to-tubeplate^fl ^ ^<5€ ¥#^ 408 3. 5. 6 if—!- #-§-i tfl^ -friH^ R+D 412 S 5. 7 f^UHMi^sl if~§- #-§- *H-§- SH 413 a 5. 8 ^7l^^7l6flA-l § ip# A}JL *]|^-g- an A]^fl 413 a 5. 9 5Cr-lMo steel *!$£] S)-^ S^ 418 a 5.10 Self-wastage n+^^r ^«V *]*& # ¥# €^S^i ^ ^4 434 a 5.11 i# ^:S.7> Reopen time^l ^1^1^ °J%^ 439 a 5.12 if- ^^ a<^2:^ 447 a 6. 1 tflfl^ ^f# ^1*1 #*H ifltb ^^]7]^ ^^ 485 a 6. 2 if-1- ^:-§-^^ ^^- 495 a 6. 3 ^ ^711-^71 A]yov 50i a 6. 4 tflffa if-1- «]:-§-A|oj - xlix- 1.1. 1 -i^#*l^ ^ 39 1.1. 2 ON/OFF ^-^4^:^^ ^#^71^ ^2: ^ ^$#3 --41 1.1. 3 ^^f fl1^ ^ ^Kr0-^ -S-^ #€ ^^r 45 1.1. 4 *HJ-^ -S.^ ^n (a) Fr=0.351,(b) Fr=0.407,(c) Fr=0.0532 49 i.i. 5 ^^^1^3f -a-^s] ^r^l ^ e^H D=320mm, d=55mm, H=725mm, H-h=350mm 51 1.1. 6 «^4 ^-og^L ^1# ^ Fr^ ^ D=320mm, H=725mm, H-h=350mm 53 1.1. 7 ^1^^144 -B- -li- 1.2.2 £%$- 4*1 (a) ^ 5=3 (b) 86 1.2.3 S-tfifJ-oi A^^ ^w. nj^ A]^(a) SH ^S-g- 4*1 (b) 88 1.2.4 S.'g ^^(a) ^ ^l#4°lS(b) 4i3l5=3 91 1.2.5 ^*^ ^4t tifl^ ^ Jf^S ^^-g- T^SM* ^*1#*1 (a), sjErt^oii ^^ ^#3§5- ^} 1.2.11 -^^l ^ ^-7H^°)1 tH^ S^-g- ^r£] ^^(b) 102 1.2.12 ^^^44 7]^ ^-^>|4s] «lin 103 1.2.13 sflo|^^ofl uf^ ^.^.Dl-^Tfl^^ ^-S. 107 1.3. 1 MHD '#^ 7^} S.^ ^*]-§- 1.3. 2 °^ 7o^> ^^ Qt-%- MHD ^A4 S-% 112 1.3. 3 5m ^f^l ^S^i £11$ £5=6)1 rrf^ «y-^ Til^(Kp) 116 1.3. 4 2-«a$ ^7l^}oflAl -^-^ofl cfl*t ^^^ 117 1.3. 5 4r^ $ 1.3. 6 ££ 1.3. 7 MHD i# ^^ -i^^l^ ^3:51 120 1.3 .8 ^i^H *}°] ^M 4^ ^>7l^-^ #^ 123 1.3. 9 ?]7l- ^^-7}- 25A1J nfl ^o] QtfrdU ix}-^. ^|^^s] T]]^}- ...124 1.3.10 tl7l- 1.3.11 ^]7|- -lii - 1.3.12 <$7\ ^^-7 1.3.13 -fh# £3H tfl^ ^ #s> 129 1.3.14 -fj-# £3H tfltb #3 7 2.1.5 COPLA ^^1 ^*H ^]^>sl ^- ^7] ^<££l -fi-a^Efl (a) t=35.1510, (b) t=35.3135, (c) t=35.4760, (d) t=35.6510, (e) t=35.8010, (f) t=35.9510 157 2.1.6. ^-^^ 7l*>tl-^ ^n 160 % 2.1.7 tflW^H^l ^£^^ ^:^:4^ 161 ^ 2.1.8. tfl^^cflA^ ^-s.^- ^^4^ ^ ^^^l^-^l «]J2. (€^: -i^^l, -2.^: ^1 -liii- 2.2.10 ^^ 2#-f}-§-3 Flow-pattern map (Mandhane) 189 2.2.11 ^j_£ 2#-f?-:§-3 Flow-pattern 190 2.2.12 2tf-fi-^<*IH3 Qxy-fr^rA #^JL (jf=1.38jg=0.274[m/s]) 192 2.2.13 -ff-f- pattern^] t4$ ^-ff-^l ^J15] ^t-'SSthr 193 2.3. 1 W^ #*£-fK£*i*HgS3 cfTgSL 195 2.3. 2 l^ ^4^5. ^7}s\^. 196 2.3. 3 i^ ^^>^i A^R ^dAJi£^| 2]-^4 ^tb ^Ai£ --200 2.3. 4 200°Cii 4 Pump IA 21^] -^-^-^-^^^ ^ 201 2.3. 5 600"C^ ^ Pump IA 213 -w^-^*} ^-^ 202 2.3. 6 200°C^ aH Pump IA 124^1 ^-^^-^^^ ^^ 203 2.3. 7 600°C°^ ^fl Pump IA 1243 ^-i-^*} ^^ 204 2.3. 8 £.*$ |i ^^1 SHI- cfl-g-^ PRISM ^5i ^-§-^# nflo} ^^0.-01-^^ ^.^ 208 2.3. 9 60^/min nfl^^Hu-j ^^j-^^3 #^£ 211 2.3.10 200£/min a)]^^-^-^ ^^>^S3 ^^£ 212 2.3.11 60 I /min #13*H ^^f^S3 ^^^ 213 2.3.12 60Hz°11^ 2001/min wM^-^A1 ^i^f^S3 ^f^^-^^^l- ^^ 215 2.3.13 20Hz^]^ 2001/min tifl^HH^ ^^>^S3 ^-t^-o0-^^ ^^ 216 2.3.14 15Hzi^i 2001/min aflM^ ?i^i^ ^-^-i:-^^^ ^ 217 2.3.15 lOHzi^ 2001/min ufl^^H ^^}^S3 -Z-^-'S?^*} ^ 218 2.3.16 60Hzi^i 601/min ufl^:^-^-^ ^^>^S3 ^r^ir-^^^} ^^ 220 2.3.17 2OHz60^ 601/min «M^-^-^ ^i^]-^S3 -e-^^-^-^^r ^^ 221 2.3.18 15Hz^^ 601/min -liv- -ff-^-ej-i^ S.^ 222 2.3.19 10Hz*iM 601/min «M^*H ^^^ •fr^-0^*} ^ 223 2.3.20 60Hz«fH 601/min f-41*13 #*HI=£) o-^-o^*} ^ 224 2.3.21 20Hzo]H 601/min #^*13 #*Hg^sl -H-ifMr-tf^ ^ 225 2.3.22 15Hzi^ 601/min 1-41*13 €4^i^ ^r^-^^l- ^-^ 226 2.3.23 10Hz°11*| 601/min #^^]^] ^^^^^ -lv - 3.1. 4 aV-g-71 ^ ^^ ^^£(4^) 269 3.1. 5 #-§-71 ^ ^E^ ^5L(§Pf) 270 3.1. 6 Cold trap^ 7U?*£ 272 3.2. 1 ^IK^I 711^=5. 276 3.2. 2 $1 -£H#*1 5J^S- 277 3.2. 3 #1 ^^1 ^5. 278 3.2. 4 ^^^3. 280 3.2. 5 ^ 282 3.2. 6 *lH#cl 284 3.2. 7 ^r^^§ ^^^(«1#^44 30° ) 286 3.2. 8 ^^ -^-^Jf 287 3.2. 9 T^^* -ft-t^ 289 3.2.10 €^ #^^ ^ ^r^#!-§- ^-sl%M^44 30° ) 290 3.2.11 ^5g«il: ^^(^A]-Z| 30° ) 291 3.2.12 ^^jHi^ ^^(^A>ZV 45° ) 292 3.2.13 ^^gHll- ^^(^^>4 60° ) 293 3.2.14 ^r^al-i- ^(W4 75° ) 294 3.2.15^^^1- ^^(^44 90° ) • 295 3.2.16 ^^1^1: *£%*$- 298 3.2.17 ^%v^j ^^^- 300 3.2.18 ^*H ^^^f^l Lower Plenum 301 3.2.19 ^"t^l ^^^f^l Upper Plenum 302 3.2.20 ^fMl ^S iJitfl 303 3.2.21 ^%v^l ^S £1 316 3.2.22 ^^-^11 ^^9] Jl^-^1^ S.-fH 318 3.2.23 ^S-^g- S-l 319 & 3.2.24 ^S^s] aL-^-^l-i- £-f E (^^}, XY: Hinged-Free, YZ: Guided-Free) 321 3.2.25 ^S^ Ji^-^1^- S.-fH -, XY: Hinged-Free, YZ: Guided-Free) 322 -lvi- 3.3.1 ^7"|«HJ7l #<£& 4. 1 ^fl-2. if S^ A]^Al^oj P&ID 347 4. 2 ^fl-£ if- Sj-^11 A]^ ^-^1 ^^ 349 4. 3 ^iti-fl ^^icfl 41^1 355 4. 4 if- 1-^^11^ sUJ ^^i 359 4. 5 #^Sf^HlAi ^l^^ifl 7>^^£ i£3Kif-:1.6kg) 360 4. 6 #^S)-^i^ ^^^tfl 7>i^:£. ^^-(if-:3.2kg) 363 4. 7 #*§3MH>H Al^€^ 7>i^:5. ^^(if-:4.8kg) 364 4. 8 #^^H>H A1^-§-7H ^^^^(i-i-:1.6kg) 365 4. 9 if- ^°J^1 4# ^ AI^ 3|tfl «y-^ 367 4.10 if- ^M ^^ if- #^ ^H ^^- 369 4.11 A]^ i|ifl if- #^ ^£ ^5(-(if-: 6.4kg) 370 & 4.12 A]^ 4ifl 7fi ^is]- if- 1- ^£4^ yl^ 371 4.13 ^]^€^fl ^>i^£ €^ 372 5. 1 ¥#^Si^ self-plugging 4 reopening ^^^f1 384 5. 2 SWAT-2(Sodium-Water Reaction Test)^l^^l ^-^S. 386 5. 3 ^#^^^1 self-enlargement % ^ 394 5. 4 ¥#^4 reopen time4^ ^r^l 396 5. 5 ¥# points- ^^4^1 7-^t- "^^5. ^ wastage rate 398 5. 6 BN-600 ^7] ^ 3f^7loilAi ^f#^^ 407 5. 7 BN-350 f^^7loflAi ^^^ # ^r#^^: f-^jiL *> sf^ ^«- ^ 409 5. 8 Interatom ASB if- -f-S 416 5. 9 AEA Super-NOAH 3liS ^S 416 5.10 CEA Super-TONAS Bfl^E ^ 417 -lvii- 5.11 S-^-i COTHAA *£•%*]*& 417 5.12 *]^ ¥# ^ *fl^ W ^IH^I 419 5.13 Al^ i^oflA]^ Halos ^# 421 5.14 SEM Af^^^JfEi ^rt- *]# S.^ ^ 422 5.15 ¥# A]^^ AUGER £^14 ^ Sj-t}-^ ^ 422 5.16 ¥# *1^ Ar 7>i ^ ^]^H ^4 424 5.17 # ¥#^1 $\%y i-§-7l ifl^-s] 531 ±^.^ AV^^S-l- #W7l ^tb ^^£ 448 5.32 i#^ -aril ^-«fl£ 450 5.33 ^.e]^i ^5L ^-^i ixfs ^§ -^^o^ ^^ (isf^H = 270 °C). 452 5.34 ^z|^£7} plugging £E. -Iviii- 5.38 (tftt 7>«i^E. = 275 °C; SS}-£:£ = 260 °C) 460 5.39 if- -friM plugging ^rH^ *1*1^- ^ 462 5.40 ^Hf-S-H^l-*! plugging ££.3- iE3Hr£.3-3 ^31 463 6. 1 ^SfliHrS.C^eH) 7fl^S. 470 6. 2 7l^ SS)-Al-o|-f-^ 7>^1 *Jt7]it/§7} 472 6. 3 ^#£-31*13 if" "r^ 475 6. 4 ^71^-^713 # ¥#^13 if- *r% 475 y -n 6. 5 ^71^-^713 •§• ¥# ^^^S. 741^> 6>^ 476 % 6. 6 LLTR°1M3 S^ ^1#°11 3t!r ^7l -g-^l-^S. ^57 476 ^ 6. 7 ^3l«ll#31:f-3 ^^^ ^£# $ltb ALMR3 ^^^^ 478 % 6. 8 ^7l!g-^7HlA] ^- ¥#^0] 2^5] ^3j] ^ ^7] U]]^ ^g-f3 if- ^r3 479 % 6. 9 SWRP J±27]l# ^^Hj-^ 484 g 6.10 ¥1!^ *fl^^^f 489 % 6.11 ^Hll^ ^Iifl7l^> -^^>3 ¥3-n-1H ^fltl: °J^ 491 % 6.12 ^7l ^l^wja. ^^°ll*i3 ^r^-fr^gMl A^L °3*} 492 % 6.13 LEAPi ^-§-^^- ^-r-3 wastage ^ i 497 % 6.14 SWACSi ^-§-*!: xfl SCH 499 S 6.15 «fl^3|-^3 S.^-5. 500 6.16 #^1 7flg*£ 501 6.17 LEAP^l 3*11 7^1^>^ ¥#^44^ i 503 6.18 tifl# ^.^ 503 ^711 504 6.20 # ¥#^£ 741^> 505 6.21 3L7] isfo]3. -lix- 6.25 ^#1H1 i4€- if- ^ "ri-^ 5i# ^ ^"U^^H^l ^Sf 512 6.26 ^TTE-] ES^^S] ^ 527 -fr^S 530 6.28 sj^0^^^ ^ if^^s] ^-§-#5-^^ °J^ 530 6.30 s] tfl«y-^ ^ Toqfj ^i^li^MH^I -g- ip^.4fHS] °J«£ 531 6.33 -MH^l ^It!: IHX SJT1^ I^^SKPNC t:-]]c|B])^f 3^ 711^}-^: (SPIKE 3Ei ^«1- 7]]^-)^ H]S. 537 6.35 EBR-n^ wMnoHl tfl^ ^ 7>xl TJ^S.! 539 6.36 £- S.'i^l ^It!: ^^^^(^l)^ ANL-^ EBR-II S-^^l -^1^ 6.37 -s-^-r^l Tilers -ri^r TTXI|^ 71^^.41 544 O.iJO ^1 "ij 00 "~i—1 "STiji^T- o "I'C's- ~T\\± S~\ xi-j -£j /^f" b49 6.39 €^ f10^^ ^ ^^T1 (i-1, i, i+1,.. : ^^r^r, k-1, k, k+1,.. : ^°J-Jf) 549 3 /1 j) Od ^JC. y r y^H ^1 -S- —j-^- -^- 7s"[- x ~7 1 -£M ^r ^'' ^J —2— >J~ J3- ^-' ^T —— -S- Cn T~VJ-J "S"t- 6 .T:W T_J. —1 O O F S. I \i_ ^1 I 1 I -L_l S.—1 o O I ^ n —II M "I vi 7-15] 33 ^} 550 6.41 ^1-ir °l^-fe ^^-T-^II- 7}-^l -g-71^1 3-ig 561 6 42 ^^8: ^"^wH^Jr-^l 6.44 ^+^^11^^ z]o]o]i rcj-s. ^ AJ-CL) ^7]J7}-;CO|-B3 57! 6.45 ^^ryH^^l 4 ^l^MH^l ^r^l'il-^^Sl-^l nfs. 2^ 3:^-5] ^£^4 572 -lx - 6.47 •&£ #£ ^^S}- 574 6.48 §£ ^^fl^H 0.001-0.1 V\T\^\ ^l^^sH ^f€- ^ ^ j| ^\ ] —) o i xJ.^T O/O 6.50 ^-?" °]1 ^1 ^1 #31^^! ^S^l n^-H- ^"^flyfl^l: 'S'M 'Ml ^l'c^l^i^l ^£^S)- 578 652 *« "T1 °11 ^1-^1 ^ ^ ^. S)- o)| ufs. 2"^"-^l -SJ-Tif] H|J -sj- <^ ^ ^1 ^ <^\ A-J ^1 o> 53 tti -Si ^- SJ c;7Q ^£^tf 580 ^^-^S^S)- 580 6.55 *t!-f °ll Ai £] ^^l^^^sj-^l ^^ -§-711- 7}^1 tiH^r1^- (^\-a\7\^ §i-§-)^ 4^^^ 582 2 6 5 : n 6.56 ^T - )]-*! ] #31^^ ^ o-^-^Sl- ^$) -§-7ll 7>^1 wfl23r o> (7:]tf|7>^:7l- ^fe ^-Xflti)]^ ^ ^^JfSjl- 7}%l -%-7}) 583 6.58 #31 ^^^s]- ^^! tifl^:1^ °^sl ^l^^l^^l 3)-S. c^z] x]$6\]X)o) 2% -n-^ll^| ^i^S)- 585 6.60 #31^^ ^5j- -^ofl ^^71-^71' Sife- -§-7H 7V?1 «fl^raj-^l <^E^ xl^^A^o] 2-% ^-^|fi] 'SS ^ ^-^-^Sl- 586 6.61 if-1- ^-g-^^ $ 588 -lxi- 6.63 *}-§-<^<>)H ^H ] °^} 589 6.64 2*} 7fl^f-2j ^5L| 590 6.65 ifAS 1- YWM 451°^ ^1^# 3$ f^liHMfi] ^£1 591 6.66 i#o_S f- ¥#^1 4£°0-^ n#% 3tt ^^l^H^7l^ ££•2-1 593 6.67 LWR51 2*1- ^4^1^^ ^A}-^ 7\A £1 594 6.68 ^7l^>^ # ^# ^ ^^]^^iAj^ ^^^Sl- 596 6.69 ^7l^>^ # ^f# ^ ^^I^I^^A^ ^^^Sf 596 6.70 ^f—i- ^^-i ^*> ^^^-^^ -§- o]z37^oi] rq-^ °0-^°J^ 604 6.76 ^-S-^^H*^ °^°1 ^^^ ^ ¥##£ ^ T?-2.^ «^^= 604 6.77 # 2.2] -M^A|^o] afl^ RI 7fl^-£(P & ID) 609 6.78 # S.$\ ^*}A4.2] 3^}€£ 609 6.79 1- 2.2] ^-^^1^21 ^^5. 610 6.80 1- 3-2] ^^^1^2] 4^^ 610 6.81a,b,c ^71^-^71 2.1-121 >iTflt-fl°]E-1 613 6.82a,b,c ^71^^71 2.1-22] ^^CHOJE^ 614 6.83 IHX 2.12] -y^t^lBj 616 6.84 ^^^3-1^] ^TMloiEj 617 6.85 ^^^^-2^1 ^^lt-flo)Bi 618 6.86 °l]-#7>i ^^1^32] ^^lcflo]B] 619 -lxii- 6.87 # £3 €^1^3 A}&5. 619 6.88 #£i« #^314 £%#*1 620 6.89 #£«11?t Sf^^sl- -M^*]3 A>^1£ 621 6.90 RD tf)-g-f- *I^# ^tb 4 #^£ 622 6.91 IHHT? W3 ^ofl 4^ tii-^-o) ^-goj-^ QPI]^ JfTfl : 0.07mm) 623 6.92 •^•f-^lw ^-^r^ ^^ofl 4^ wi-^-^ 4^ —lxiii — ^r£(KALIMER SG Structure Material, 2.25Cr IMoi s\ ^ IPPE *}5.) 658 7.18 q-%- FIR l^t- o]_g--£ ^ ^7-1 ^ 660 7.19 ^7}^^7}^\ fe^ -tl^^Sl o]^# ^ 4* Tfl VilE^^L ^2:(^ ^|JL n^^r A)~§-) 663 7.20 Spectrum LeMans icHSf comm port % 5. 665 7.21 Sundance SMT301 Ji^^ l-^£ 666 7.22 LeMans S-i-s] ^^ 5]]^ 666 7.23 DSP^l Al^Efl 4o]o|-ziBfl 667 7.24 ^^1 comm port ^ 1^5L5l A]-^ 667 7.25 LeMans £f2l ^i^ ^^ Ao^1l 668 7.26 SMT30151 ^^£ <$4 668 7.27 LeMans atl^i SMT315/SMT379 v|^-^^ 669 7.28 •%•*& ^^ #*1^ 7fl5*£ 670 7.29 KALIMER ^-w. ^i^^ «H^ 671 7.30 KALIMER ^-M. »i# ^^1 672 7.31 S^- ^7l ^-5] iej ^4 #SL 673 7.32 ^^ ^-2] ^-^61] rrfs ^-^EJ *^-#<^|A^ ^^ ^4 #S. 674 7.33 Ar 7}^ ^^A] 4}-^ ^^.ofl 4^ Raw #^ ^1^4 FFT^] 4& 678 7.34 ^^ 4^$ 7lS5] ^1^ ^sj-^r ^ 679 7.35 Jet ±^r ^^^e} 682 7.36 4^^ 7l-i ^^A] 3.2.1 279 3.2.2 305 3.2.3 306 3.2.4 307 -lxv - M 7fl fe Wire spacer^! , wire spacer^ H|2, -1- nfl-f pool ^}^^% 7|7f Sa-b MHD 6 #^-^ rcfef ^ll. MHD 71 fe 7) 7}|^u safe ELB03D <£^ $. ^% ]^^ I MHD 01 x}5.s. ^ ^^-^^ 7ii^^jL sa H EMPAD# ^^, 3i%^ ^l^^l^f. ^^Sil%7l7lfe <>Jf*fl,g-4^M 3. 7H . 7] ADAMS, ANSYS ^ 1004 -§-7] 7} 7171 *> 51 51 sa -3- wastage self- plugging ^^ self-wastage HBl3. target^! wastage yo^ 4 fe plugging temperature meter plugging temperature meter^ -4- Uf. 24 24 Til (SWRPRS)oil Hr KALIMER -, water tnock-up DSP micro-leakl- ^ -5- ^^if(Compact)Sf6fl KALIMER i^ofl ^A*> ^- ^ KAERI/RR-1690/96, KAERI/RR-1526/94 ^ KAERI/RR-1379/93 4 %vl - EFR ^^^]|If 'i!:^!^^- ^^^Ti^-f-^S. DRACS(direct vessel auxiliary cooling 6 system) 7fl^# *W*}3. &SLvH, 7j]^^ z}^ ^ c} o^# 7l*f7l ^ . 27H safe ^-71 stack fe 7] 71 ofl ^S 1 1f[ DRACSfe DRACS5] > fe 4 -^S^ ^^^^^ 6iv 2MWh -7- - MDP ^ Double pool^°] MDP5] *1€ ^^.%7l# •#*> fe PRACS O.e}3. ^-7} stacks. PRACS ^7} ^Htl^K PRACS^ ^^i ^£ PRACS 3. MDP 7)1 5]^, o]e]*l: double pool^^l ^4^^^: 2*HT poolofl ai^ DRACSif - PRISMS o (ACS: Auxiliary Cooling System)o] ^^.r^, •b RVACS(Reactor Vessel Auxiliary Cooling System)7f 27H7} 44 44 ^^4 ^e 44 *^.fe ^#^r ^4S -§-714 ^4^ -§-71 eWM 4° . RVACSl- . RVACS3] ^ ^r ^ 0.7MWth RVACS n>^ ^^4 7] %.7}£JLK\ RVACSS «J*> ^4^-8-71 3.71 ^7f#^l RVACS 7|f^^ ^^^71^^^ ^g^|^o| ^o]\] fe 4-§-dl °\*W 44. ^^^^1 <^^i# 3.^^: 4 500MWe ^£7} 5}-^ ^14^44^Ife RVACS 7fl^^l o RVACS^ ^^^14: ^ W14 Ad^t> 44 £<>] RVACS3] DRACS4 -9- RVACS5] -gr*M 4-§-£]3. &^ 3.H^1 AGENDA (Advanced General Electric Network AnalyzerH tfl*l AGENDAS S.^2} ^j- <>l-§-«t-b ?i^>«ll^^ls. sM Sil^K ^^ PRISMS ^1*1 AGENDA^ Tfl^^^^r Q*\3,-%7\ 4 conductorl- A}-§-^7> ^1^§^ ^ &JM, ^-g-^H 4(heat flux) ^# ^^5. ^^u}. AGENDA SJH HS 71 ^ RVACS^j ^*1 Jff^o^l: ZL 7] ife AGENDA SH44# -2-^^ ^r 51^ - * 4007^ Data Set -10- 1/10 K oj Data Base# t\. 7]3£^- ^^ ^I^S.fe Chen-type ^S.«. -g- S^^fe THERM1T-6S1- 7HyJ:: i^- 4*3*1 , 4 -li- Na 5mm 7H VXI 4^ ELi- 7fi Gibson^ Launder^ k-E -12- 1H MAC MAC lfe (P500xHI200 mm 600°C, SASS SASS -13- ^b 6307fl7f 316L ^ 316LN i^leil^i Nabarro 24kcal -14- fe *1^# COD 2*} fe S^ZL^# Quattro Pro S/W 316, 316L -b 316 -t lOHz?] i ir (da/dN)=(9.1xlO""99)() A 2 31 K - A 3L 51717} H u}. a fe 500MPa^l -§-71 7171 1995H1 -15- 40% 4 -r, 3.7) O.S. 3.711 3-0. ^^5]71 o] 3711 51 7}4 3. *M±r Atomic Internationalofl II, SOFIRE Mil, flame C0NACS)5.A-| o| #% ^1 4 4 # # •& •16- HSAi CONTAIN-LMR . CONTAIN-LMR ^^^.^ CONTAIN ^^SHS.-f-BJ ^^ 7fl^-^i 1HS >H SNL(Sandia National Laboratories, USAH-M j] ^^5^3. al4. 3. *!• *W *J*H 71^ ^# CEA/IPSN3] ofl-t CONTAIN-LMR , 4 Rasodie# -17- 6.ni Cardaracheofl }±r 3. 7} ^ Cardaracheofl 4 3.71 . o] s ^-71 .3m3, 0.4m3, 3.7m3, 4.4m3, 4.5m3, 400m3, 2000m3, -18- KfK-II(200MWe, 1977\£ ^Tff)^ #*$$. SNR300 (330WMe)S] £*M- A]4^S- 70^ JI^-B] ^^^A^. ^# $M ^ ofl NABRAUS(4m3), NALA(2.2m3), FAUNA(220m3) «§• FAUNA A) ^# ffA clemetine(25KWt, 1946^ Atomics international, Westinghouse-^^^ o] ^Lo}6\] nj^ PRISM(155MWe, WestinhouseAJ-5] HEDl(Hanford Engineering Development Lab. 3. o]7\ 6Am*°M A tio^ 5]^. 2.8 m3 water scrubber, HEPA filter D.Z]3. 60m-feo|£j f^o^. ^}7\) i\<>\ IM- ^W ^r Slfe- load cell, -19- i^ 7J7] -g-ajo] 44 14m3, 850m37} 5^ ^4^1 W^ -§-7l 7} >£*)SM ±^-3.31 CH^-JE. ^H-y^-i- ^w ^ sa>n sn sa4. °i j| ^-Tfl^ 103ton ^^ DFR (125MWe)-i- ^i^ ^r^i^l-^3. o]o^ ^^S. PFR(270MWe, 1974^ ^Tfl)^- ^ ^*>SEl^}. rc}s}A-] 1-b 1964^ -n-^^^}^ ^^*fl(EURATOMHl 7}<^*K2. ENEA# 1973^-^-5] *m$. PEC(123MWt) -S-717F Esmeralda project^ (400m33))## -20- FBTR(40MWe) PFBR(500MWe) 7) PNC ^ Hitachi, Minatoku 4-5. ^^ ^7} O49-, A}3.^ ^ 12 KALIMER( (Korea Advanced Liquid Metal Reactor , 155MWe)71} 3. $l°-tf 20ll\fl^] #*}$. ^r^i# ^-^^.S. ^4^f€ Steam generator/Electro-magnetic pump , 1992\d -21- 4 4 SOFIRE-II 7(1 A> 7l ^1*> flame combustion model °S. flame combustion 2. NACOM CONTAIN-LMR 4 «*!• gj 3+4 KALIMERoffA-j ^#3+4ofl cfl*»: 3+4 7}^ 3+4 A}JL <^^- KALIMER 3+4 24 -22- defect(-g-^1-^, pin-hole, vibration^ $17} *> Chatou^l $1^- Micromegas , Cadarache^l h Castor crack# fatigue cracko] °M, ESADA 7fl^f wastage rate -23- orifice WI, wastage rate-fe «>-§- SWAT A]A^^.57 ] InteratomoflA-] ^ l2Cr Incoloy *> .JLQ}, tube bundle^ vibration^) ^p *!'*>}•— =;P1 f- enlargement^)- self-plugging ^^^. •fe- leak hole -24- # nozzle^- o] jet target^ 0) 3. 7]el, wastage rate# tube^ ^^, overheating, Bo>olU defect^) ^*|| self-plugging^} reopening^ self-wastage °il reopen time^-^, A)^3] reopen shape ^ size ^ wastage tiov^^, wastage^] -25- a^u} 7] el Super PhenixS wastage rate7} MICROMEGAS Loop7f >g fe^l Super 4-§-5]fe Incoloy o Test of spontaneous development of crack &7] V^L 0.4 mm £ o}$] ^.7] fault# ^3. fluctuating stress^! fatigue crack°] 1 49 or o -26- °1 CEA7} ^H5-°l £jo^ Super Phenix£] isothermal tests *§•<& sj^l Super Phenix# o]^-*H ^WSUr^l H vfl-g-^ u^g-jzf ^^ 3H&4. o ^4i ^# : ^ ^#£ Jf 7}x]7\ oj-§-S]&i;j.. ^ cover 100 °H1 4^ ^#°il] sensor^ sensitivity^}- o}6\) u}x)^ •&£.$] o Acoustic detection : o|^^- s>] ^^ ^#-^ redundant 7H^£- l*fe vibration^ vibration^ o>^.^# ^dJ^S^ ^1^-^^^. o) ¥#^1 #Bo^ 100 g/s wastage rate*! 7H1 Sa^f. 4^fS ¥#^ 3-f ^^^I6J ^- background^ 51-b DBA(Design Basis Accident)^ tube7f ^ n| o| logic #ofe ^^r computer code#o| S^JsH $1^-^ °1 code# ^r ^^cr ^^^1 ^t> correlation equation^- o)S.^o] 3_^o) verification^- ^1*H ^^°1 ^^r^^-5- ^A*ft:fe ^o| ^1^5|$d4. %7}x]$i\ ^^o| ^^SlSi^-T3fl o|^ tflS^ol d\]7\ THERTAif NOAH f. THERTA^ Super Phenix 1(SP-1)SJ #71^7] ^^^ tft^S. ±f #A| ^-i-1- tiV-g-oll £}*> ^-s.^ -27- S. ^}-g- *Mfe tfl^-a. Y#43-^l ^ «B^w $*> NOAH program a. o]-i- £]^H UKAEAofl SWLR(Small Water Leak Rig)2} Super NOAH(SN) -§• Ai^l^°i wastage^] defect diameter^] #7$ *§•<>} ^ 10-5 lb/s intake o| n|5o> weld joint defect, tube sheet flaw -f-ofl 7} > ofu]ef cover 7f^ Cover 7}>iMl^ O.ej-sl, thermal conductivity meter - sensitivity^]- time response -§-o| ^g7fS|$i^.n|, component^ 7fl^£ ^l-£i|$dfe^l o]^ component ojofl -8-8- -28- Argonne National Laboratory(ANLHH b static ££^A-) cover , uj-^- *ftfe dynamic JE..HSA-] ion pump^j membrane^ hydrogen level meterofl 5]* static 30-40 ppb, dynamic SHoflA]^- 10 ppb7} K ZL5]u> o]^^- $!JjL calibrationo] cell*] 7H^ofl ^^# ^715. ^f^uK sequence^] ^*> sfi^ojuK *^J5.5. hole*] natural pluggingo]c}. n|Bo> J fe hole^r corrosion product^] ^|^H pluggingo] reopening^ 7> ja.9-^r:K GE/ESADA plugging Plugging^ open ^ oj open open efts. plugging^ reopening #S *]*> ^1-5- tube -§-«>f| -b °l^-ul- wastage rate [significantly accelerated corrosion] ojt:]-. o] n|eo* ^1 -g-2f , °l-b nl^ Atomic Power Development Associate(APDA)o||>H , wastage*] -29- wastage orifice ^Bfl^ hole# target tubeofl-H wastage -§•# *!}*}?]: ^-5.5.^ target tube7f wastage ^ orifice!- ^f#3] holeS. target tube# opening <£o]] <£\x]X\*] ^^ n}-g- opening ^-^^.r}^ 7] ^f7] ^7] 4-&o| ^^s. ^|AOV^ >= 6i ^ n]^J= Jf-t^ crack, 7]^- afe A ^ ^ nfl-S-«Hf ^7)fe ^A^A-1 opening^] S^O]L| target tube^ 7} St. o] 5- ^^-dfffe 7f>i7f *tf^H *I^.r^ cooling ^: wastage rate7} 510-538°C ^.Cfe ^A^, o]^^. n)]-f ^ 71 \ prototyped -30- Pool ^Bfl^rfe loop shell 2*>T4| ojafl o venting system^ computer code$] *fl^^.S. °]^I^1^K n|-S^-o||^ Af-g-*> computer •fe APDAiq BUG code, GE^ SWEAR code, MS] TRANSWARP code %-<>) Alo] ^*|*V 'Fermi Steam Generator' 50 £ 20 NOAH 10 lb/seco|cf. JEE o isolation system isolation -31- system©] uj- flow -. o] 1980^ JOYO, ^J^^. MONJU7} JLSL 2^ 7fl^o) fe tank# ^^ annular spaced 0^ bit:]-, a *Y ©|7lA-| (isolation system sequence!- 400kg/s . ©] -32- 4 self-wastage self-plugging^- re-opening self-wastage ^^^. wastage ^^2} jet £tf 3J 71 71 #^ 4 3. passive g/sec 7} Active SG Al^ -33- *> o] ^-o.^ # 7^] ^ ¥#^ sequence # #*!£. cover gas # -^i#^; -§--§- ^#vH -g-sfl o)^| redundancy 7^*1 acoustic detection -§-<>] Af JL sensitivity ^f^, time response sequence plugging reopen5]«H ^•a.51 wastage^ ^ plugging^]- reopening^ , wastage ratei] ^7]- -§-o] ^>^ simulation *> system^- *]; computer code oi A|-3.A] venting system, isolation system, -34- re-start up# *1*} clean-up ^£ ^flU^H ^tl Xl^-Sl 7fl -35- 7f. 7fl.fi. *ol-i- thermal fluctuation)^ 3X1 SSI- ^^[1. 1.1~1. 1.9], §-*f7 ^ [1.1.10-1. 7] -37- 0.1 Hz ~ ^] Hz fe -38- Si § SMI (a) ^Regulator. Level Sensor | Test Section ; FM2! -X Drain : i Storage : Tank (b) 3.^1.1.1 -39- 28mm 7\ o| "ON/OFF 7} 4 7) $li£l, ^ir safe 71 -40- (a) ON/OFF UP BASE Mean Level DOWN (b) oN/off zero-up crossing ZI^ 1.1.2 ON/OFF -41- ^ ^ ^ l f 120 717B 4-g-^ ^ safe (2) section)^ fe 3711, #m -8-71 ^ 670mm -42- JSLBI, 4 Ml 3 25mm, 35mm, 45mm, 55mm, 65mm<>J ttfl 7^5] 200mm, 350mm, 500mm, f^: ^Sif regulator system^.^ 2 l«--& ^*H 2^W. ^^^1^1^ -frif^if^- 3% ^ 3mm oM^ ^l^^u}. -O-s^^j^ Pitot tube(0MEGA FPT-6NO)AJ- dP meter (Rosemount 1151DP3E22B1 )# *h§-*}-7] U Rotameter-1- 275mm, 425mm, 575mm, 725mm . 3.Q3., 0} AJ^^ , ON/OFF 30mm -43- (B]-) Data acquisition ^14^ ~i voiti] !=>}. °1 4, OMEGA WB-Flashl2 cardo] (1) 37], , -§-71 3.7} -§-71 o| (1.1.1) -44- Test Sectic -t- (a) H tQ(orU), d (b) -45- {lA-2) ^r Froude Froude (1.1.3) =—jQ (114) . oj Tie!, «§-7l ^il- Z?/24f ^Tjel H-h 3. S^^cK o] JB.7]fe fe steepness( £= -46- 7} o\± 4 fe °W 4 A7> Froude »,?•§• (H-h)/D$\ ^-HS., (H-h)/D$) 4 -§-71 d^ Fr, H/D, (H-h)/DS. , (H-h)/D$) ojn] Fr, H/D, (H-h)/D*\ -47- Re, Fr, H/D, (H-h)/DS] (2) 1.1. 200mmofl ^]^]*>r}. o] 4, (a), (b), (c)-b 44 ^r = 0.351, Fr = 0.407, Fr = 0.532^] . ^, Fro] ^r c| turbulent^ (laminar state)if turbulent state)5] ^ 7f .1.15, 1.1.16] Fro] ^-, turbulent bursty ., laminar state if turbulent state7f (3) 4, . 145^, -48- ^ 8 E (a) £ i ^ 4 - (b) Time (sec) (c) Time (sec) (a) Fr=0.351, (b) Fr=0.407, (c) Fr^O. 0532 -49- zero-up crossing ^^ 4 ±lmm)# BASE UP DOWN 4 U, UP , afe DOWN 4, ^ (4) . -§-7) ^ Fr, 3.7\] -50- 0.005 0.004- 0.003- • Experimental Results 0.002- A/H= 0.019 (Fr- 0.11 ) 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 Fr (a) Experimental Results ^ = 0.037(Q-42) 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 Flow rate (//min) (b) D=320mm, d=55mm, H-725mm, H-h=350mm -51- jj = a(Fr-Fr0) (1.1.5) . a = 0.019, Q0) (1.1.6) aD - 0.037mm/(i/min), Qo FrS] xd2\f~gH D = 320mm, // = 725mm, H-h = 350mm-£) 4 ^ -52- 0.006 0.005- T A 0.004- 0.003- • d = 25mm • d = 35mm A d = 45mm T d = 55mm O T A 0.002- ^ d = 65mm 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Fr D=320mm, H=725mm, H-h=350mm -53- 1.1.7o\] (1.1.8) 7 4, /? = 1.25X10"" , /ee0 = 17300 o) 5- (1.1.9) 4 t:hg-2f a = "? (1.1.10) -§-71 3.7], = 320mm, -54- 0.006 0.005- 0.004- x** • d = 25mm 0.003- • s.® • d = 35mm Ay A d = 45mm T d = 55mm o d = 65mm 0.002- -AW=1.25e-7(Re-17300) 30000 40000 50000 60000 Re D=320mm, H=725mm, H-h=350mm -55- 0.008 • /+/i=200mm • W? = 350mm ••AH=1.25e-7(Re-17300) -AH=1.2 0.001 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 Re D=320mm, H=725mm -56- DJ -A = 350mm (1.1.11) 4, $= 1.25XKT7, Re, - 17300 (1.1.12) 4, yj' = 1.23X10"7, AS, H-h = fe, -§-71 -57- 0.020 H=275mm H=425mm /4= 575mm H=725mm 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 Re D=320mm -58- 1.1 = 320mm) 0 (X10'7) Re (mm) 0 275 4.83 4800 425 2.83 6400 575 2.02 13700 725 1.23 16200 -59- = &Re-Re0) (1.1.13) , 71 (1.1.14) (1.1.15) (1.1.16) -1.362]- 1.35S ZL 1.36O] -3/22}- Hj^^ufe Sin (1.1.17) Froude (1.1.18) -60- 1E-6 /?=1.05e-3 H'1 1E-7 100 1000 H (a) 10000- 1000 1000 H (b) D=320mm -61- 0.015- • • / '/• / m / m 0.010- 0.005- m H=275mm • H=425mm A H= 575mm T H=625mm 0.000- 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 , D=320mm -62- 44 a = 0.34, 6 = 0.00555. ^-M^u}-. # t:-) (1.1.19) 3.7) DP} -g-7] 37)5] 3.7), ^ l.H-1.1.13). o) (1.1.20) 0.39, ^=0.0059 ¥-^1 44 4, -§-7) (4) -63- 0.015 0.010- 0.005- Center (D=470mm) /VH =0.39 (F/*-0.0059) 0.000 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 Ft* 1.12 -g-7] , D=470mm -64- 0.015- 0.010- 0.005- Center (D=670mm) A/H= 0.31 (FA0.0043) 0.000- 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 Fi* -§-7] , D=670mm -65- . -§-71 (1.1.21) (1.1.22) 4-g.Bl 7^1^ a, bh -§"71^ 3.7m -§-71 -66- . 1.2 A A/H at a b (mm) Fr* = 0.03 ^1#4£] y) 0.34 0.0055 0.0083 0.22 0.0041 0.0058 0.69 320 0.24 0.0062 0.0056 0.68 0.21 0.0045 0.0053 0.64 0.23 0.0046 0.0057 0.69 0.39 0.0059 0.0093 0.16 0.0012 0.0046 0.49 470 0.14 0.0004 0.0042 0.45 0.09 -0.0049 0.0031 0.34 ^a 0.09 -0.0045 0.0032 0.34 0.31 0.0043 0.0079 0.15 0.0008 0.0043 0.54 670 0.13 0.0006 0.0037 0.48 0.18 0.0020 0.0050 0.63 0.13 0.0001 0.0039 0.50 -67- ^. -§-71 . °\ -§-71 Jt€*fl 5]t> "H^ ^S-5] ^l^-Tj-^71- I4B]-\+T:>. 'fe 0.11 ^S.ol4. o] ^^ ^^^-(5 = 320mm) -g-7] t:||*f e4^7^ 4-§-*H KAL ^. 61= 9cin (4) fe V>^-:i2-7i(turbulent burst)3f laminar phase)c»l #«^«| -68- -a- Fr = 0.351 -•- Fr = 0.407 -•- Fr = 0.532 -A- Fr = 0.595 Q_ 0.0 1.0 2.0 Period (sec) -69- 7}if -8-7J , Hill. 1.154 3.71^ 3.71 eHl . 1.164 aAl^^u}. o] 3.71 (characteristic ti -70- 2.0- • H=275mm • H=425mm 1.5- A H=575mm T /-/=725mm 1.0- 0.5- 0.0- 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 Ft* ZLtJl.1.15 , D=320mm -71- • d = 25mm A • d = 35mm 1.5- T A d = 45mm - • ^ • d = 55mm • d = 65mm . 1.0- - 0.5^ * • T 0.0- 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 Ft* , D=:320mm -72- (1.1.23) (1.1.24) -g-7l (1.1.25) fe 44, a = 0.23, b = 0.0083, c = -0.43°|i:K -g- 71 q^o] 470mm, 670mm*! ^-fofl cjf*]: ^^ cflo|B|^ ZL^1.1.17(b), O. ^i.iA7(c)d\] 44 ^WU, 4^ ^BB^I e^H# 4-§ 4. ^1 4 ^^5- ^^ 4^ ^^, -g-71 ifl^o] 470mm*! 0.001, i? = -0.0025, c = -1.93O1&J2., 670mm*l ^-f°flfe a = 0.08, b- 0.0066, c = -0. 71 (1.1.26) -73- 1 i • i • Center (D= 320mm) 4- - a =°0.23, b = 0.0083, c = -0.43 3- 2- - 1- 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 Ft* (a) D = 320mm Center (D=470mm) -T/T0 = a(Fi'-bf 6- a = 0.001, b =-0.0025,0 =-1.93 o 4- !s 2- 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 Fi* (b) D = 470mm Center (D = 670mm) a = 0.08, b = 0.0066, c = -0.58 2- 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 FA* (c) D = 670mm ZL^l.1.17 -§-7] -74- . 4 (1.1.27) 7] -0.5—1.5 4 A^ UIS7f o.n = 320mm) 1.0 -75- 1.3 ~ = a (Fr*-b)c 1 (mm) a b c 0.23 0.0083 -0.43 0.13 0.0057 -0.58 320 0.03 0.0060 -0.94 0.09 0.0074 -0.65 €^ 0.22 0.0092 -0.41 0.001 -0.0025 -1.93 0.12 0.0060 -0.58 470 0.01 0.0055 -1.12 ^€-^ 0.19 0.0127 -0.35 €^ 0.22 0.0127 -0.33 0.08 0.0066 -0.58 0.004 0.0041 -1.35 670 0.22 0.0109 -0.39 -i— T —r 0.09 0.0102 -0.58 €^ 0.07 0.0116 -0.56 -76- 2. fire Spacer 7\. ^ 4 H)«fl>H p/z) 7> KALIMER ^7}] 3., ^ P/D <*} HID -77- KALIMERSJ H^Ksubchannel analysis method)o| ^g- K KALIMER -gTffafH^ COBRA-IV-I SJE[1.2.1] MATRA SH[1.2.2]f 7]^-AS 7^51 MATRA-LMR 3L=.[1. 2.3]7f 4-g- n>^l^(subchannel friction factor)ofl ent diameter method)^ . (1) fe yo^, (2) ^^- -§•*!'#-§• JL^-&H Ao^^l- 4^*fe tioVl^ ^l^K Novendstern[1.2.4], Rheme[1.2.5] 5i Engel et al. [1.2. Todreas[1.2.7]^ ^^r Novendstern[1.2.4]^ AMoJ K o| (smooth) 3>o]S6fl (empirical coorelation) -78- M ±14% K Rehme[1.2.5]S. ^(bundle) velocity)!- 3.^?> -8-3Wr-S.(effective velocity) 7fl^# S.^*M, n\ Engel et al.[1.2.6]£ ^#, K o] P/A . Cheng^f Todreas[1.2.7]^ tfl*> ^^^-i- 7H^}Sd4. dl#^r ^-t:>^(bundle) 4^"(interior), 7}-^}el(edge) ^ S>HBl(corner) 7ll^(subchannel friction factor)^ ^r KALIMER section) 293 ^EL£) -79- (1) Novendstern Novendstern[1.2.4]5] f=flX\-£ (1.2.2) fi = /sM (1.2.3) r __ 0.316 /-, r, A\ /s-^0.25 (1-2.4) 6 9 086 r_ I 1.034 , 29.7(/>/Z)) - ^;- \*•** M—\ (P!Df/ ^,'^\0.12 4 ++ / rr/7-.\2.239 } (1.2.5) (1.2.6) (1.2.7) (1.2.8) 0.714 0.714 (1.2.9) ^D .J (1.2.10) , A-fe # 44 (2) Rehme -80- __ / 64 T-0.5 i 0.0816 T?0.9335\ ^b ,. 9 in — D^ r + „ .0.133 r c (1.2.11) o (lead), Sbh ^S-^-5] ^1^4^ l(wetted perimeter), Hel^L ^ll^^^^K total wetted perimeter)!- M^KM. H3]3. °] 2xl03<:i?e<;3xl05, l. (3) Engel, Markley $} Bishop S.^ Engel, Markley if Bishop[l. 2.6] S^ofl>H-b *1 (1.2.1)^ for i?e^400 (1.2.13) )05 J^/-5, for 400^i?e<:5000 (1.2.14) (1.2.15) -81- Re- (4) Cheng^f Todreas Todreas[1.2.7] , for Re (1.2.18) (1.2.19) (1-2-20) (1.2.22) C/M—DA (1.2.23) (1.2.24) 3-m 2 (1.2.25) -82- 3-) i 2 (1.2.26) ip (1.2.27) = aMi (1.2.28) (1.2.29) (1.2.30) (1.2.31) =L, m=l oji, VHH^ ^ 71^}^-^ Tfl^ofl tfl-ft AO1-4*> ^^^ Cheng^f Todreas[1.2.7]ofl ^ ^ BS Cheng^l- Todreas^ 0.78}]/(2.52— (1.2.32) 2w tr, 0.06-0.08S(P/D) }(^j (1.2.33) =[ 0.8063 -0.90221 log (^) + 0.3526{ log (^ 9-7 Todreas[1.2.7]^ -83- (i) (i) (2) -, (3) (4) 51 «H fe #€: 40mm 120° #3^ 40mm (2) 3. 2 4B.51 ^H- -84- (a) Drain Drain (b) -85- (a) s ! • !_ rZHZZai (b) -86- A2, A3OJJ2., 2. B2, C-C^f . 2. 4 -f-4^.(subchannel )*] g) ^& mEL s.^^#^ P/D ^ HID # , A3, B2, ZLel^L B3^1 44H# ^14^f^4. SI.2.1^ 4 *> #$) 20mm 20mm ^ 60° 2mmS] 0} 1.4, 2. 1 (lead pitch)!- Til -87- (a) Bottom Top (b) (b) -88- .2.1 A2 A3 B2 B3 Lead to Diameter H/D 25.0 37.5 25.0 37.5 Pitch to Diameter P/D 1.180 1.178 1.256 1.255 Dimensionless Gap to Diameter W/D 1.175 1.179 1.264 1.268 Number Equiv. Diameter De 3.679 3.679 4.750 4.750 Tolerence T 0.140 0.140 0.413 0.413 Looseness Factor F 1.000 0.551 0.434 0.305 Number of Fuel Pins Nrod 19 19 19 19 Assembly Number of Rings Nring 3 3 3 3 Outer Diameter (mm) D 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 Pitch (mm) P 9.44 9.42 10.05 10.03 Fuel Pin W 9.4 9.4 10.11 10.1 Length (mm) L 1300.0 1300.0 1300.0 1300.0 Length to Diameter L/D 162.5 162.5 162.5 162.5 Diameter (mm) Ds 1.4 1.400 2.000 2.000 Spacer Lead (mm) H 200.0 300.0 200.0 300.0 Rod- to-Duct Gap (mm) Dg 1.400 1.431 2.115 2.142 Gaps Spacer-to-Pin Gap (mm) Dsp 0.0401 0.022 0.052 0.036 Spacer-to-Duct Gap (mm) Dsd 0.000 0.031 0.115 0.142 Duct Inner Flat to Flat (mm) Dft 43.5 43.5 47.0 47.0 Duct Duct One Side Length (mm) Dl 25.1 25.1 27.1 27.16 Duct Corner to Corner (mm) Dc 50.2 50.2 54.3 54.3 Number N 42 42 42 42 Total Flow Area (ml Af 654.602 654.607 902.397 902.450 Subchannels Equiv. Diameter (mm) De 3.679 3.679 4.750 4.750 Wetted Perimeter (mm) Pw L 711.784 711.784 759.901 759.901 Number Nl 24 24 24 24 Inner Flow Area (W) Afl 12.687 12.540 17.047 16.913 Subchannels Equiv. Diameter (mm) Del 3.437 3.397 4.341 4.307 Wetted Perimeter (mm) Pwl 14.765 14.765 15.708 15.708 Number N2 12 12 12 12 Edge Flow Area (mm') Af2 25.075 25.273 34.763 34.939 Subchannels Equiv. Diameter (mm) De2 4.144 4.179 5.398 5.429 Wetted Perimeter (mm) Pw2 24.206 24.188 25.760 25.744 Number N3 6 6 6 6 i Corner Flow Area (mrri ) Af3 8.201 8.397 12.688 12.879 Subchannels Equiv. Diameter (mm) De3 2.940 3.001 4.127 4.179 Wetted Perimeter (mm) Pw3 11.157 11.193 12.297 12.328 -89- (3) *}# 43-M^ W 47) cf£ (7f) -g-^m Ml^ 4 4 fi# 51 =g 8mm, vfl^ 6mm, 1,100mm ^ 51 ^7^1i^# a^l.2.4(b)^ LfB}tf^i:}. ^4=MSfe- 4 K ^^5l^(entrance effect) -90- 13 0.0 12 0.0 Wire Spacer Diameter Lead Length A2 T3 J66.O A3 1.4 300.0 B2 2.0 200.0 B3 2.0 200.0 Bottom View (a) (b) -91- Pipe (a) 1/4" NP (b) -92- 50mm (4) 1.495kPa (6" H20), 7.473kPa (30" H20), ZL?]JL l86.816kPa (750" H20) 3 ^ 1 ^^ ^^^4 olf ^] 4-20 DCmA 10 DCV (5) -f -BO>( volumetric flowrate)# 4 8.3281pm (FM1, 2gpm)3|- 37.8541pm (FM2, lOgpm) (rotameter)^ 4001pm (6) nfi DUM!E-] -^-^1(FM3)^ ^^TilS^-Bl^ ^^^2}fe 4-20 51 Jl o| Al^Ll- 2-10 DCVS. -^Sl- HP3852 Data Acquisition System^.^. lA^ GPIB 7^1- ^VS-*fSi^, ^«^<>lBf5j ^^^ HP VEE1- Af-g-^-f^uK HP . H*yi.2.6(bH -93- FM1 FM2 FM3 (a) (b) -94- P/D *f ff/Z) 7} tfs. (1.2.35) L 3f QQ1 Q °- n 9 4 t:f (1.2.37) -95- (B2C15R, B2C30R, B2C50R)# 2.15^ 4 , B2C15 (150C), B2C30 (30TC), B2C50 (50TC), -b 3% 600mm n ,-.c 1100mm -0-545 4\ M*\]M U 3|- L, -b 44 0.545 ±3. ^ P/Z) P/D ^ofl rn« ^^A^ HID 7} 4# Sa^Kl.2.5]. ZL^Jl.2.10^-1 ^.^ ufif ^o] }&$ <£ ^ $1^}. PiD7\ 3.3., HID 7} 4-^-^ *\&H^7\ 3.7\] #7m# # ^ $13., HID7} 7DV -96- ltf B2(P/D=1256,H/D=25.0) - B2C15 5 B2C15R O B2C30 e B2C30R O B2C50 O B2C50R 10* -U ltf ltf 104 (a) 5- -xlOO n A2 o A3 4- - B2 D X X B3 - X j X X i J3 X 1- X C - -r - + -X-+ " °" + —r > - - ? ° ^.+ o 0- 102 103 10J (b) -97- 0.70 0.65- 0.60- 0.55- |] 0.50^ L/Lb= 0.545 % 0.45- o A2^ 0.40- A A3 0.35- v B2j ^ B3; 0.30 102 ltf io4 (a) 104 3 a- 10' —3— Interior Subchannel x Edge Subchannel 10' OH 1H 2H 3H 4H (b) -98- H/D=25.0 C P/D=1.1875(A2) 4- P/D=1.2625(B2) b I lcr'-J ts ltf 104 (a) HID = 25.0 V- 10 H/D=37.5 P/D=1.1875(A3) P/D=1.2625 (B3) C O I 10-10''- Q- § Iff2 102 103 104 (b) ///Z)= 37.5 P/D -99- 10° P/CN1.178 H/D=25.0(A2) H/D=37.5(A3) % 2 8 10"': £ iff2 io2 1O3 1O4 (a) P/Z) = 1.178 P/D=1.256 • C HO=25.0(B2) - HO=37.5(B3) S Iff': 1 103 1O4 Re,. (b) P/D =1.256 H^ 1.2.10 H/D -100- (blockage^} #^W| 7]<>l*k:K Rheme[1.2.5]Sl Him] si€^M %*> ^(smooth channel)^ l)( total wetted H|(ratio)S. S^tlc}. o| H (equivalent diameter)o) ^-Ss al4. H^1.2.12(a)fe Cheng^f Todreas[1.2.7]3] 2.32-2.34)3if £ Todreas[1.2.7]^ 1.2.17-1.2.31) ^Al ^ ^% T^olBJAf ^ Todreas[1.2.7]^ )fe Novendstern[1.2.4]^ .04, Re>ReT) £ 4 (/6>0.04, Re ^- Novendstern^I Todreas[1.2.7]5l -101- P/D 1 0 1.1 1.4- 12 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.3- \ P/D / f 1.2- 1.1- 1.0- I ' I 1 i • i • i 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 (7) (19) (37) (61) (91) (127) (169) (217) Nmg. s (Number of Rods) (a) 10-r No. of Rods N7 - N19 8- • •• • N61 N217 6- N 4- 2- 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 P/D (b) -102- u fb Predicted fb Predicted tfE (Cheng and Todreas' Original Correlation) (Cheng and Todreas' Simple Correlation) (—» 0. 0 CO I—» 9 TO ooo SSfcfc nisi O H O a. (D 3 03 to en o I 5. 3 U-P 0.01 0.01 fb IVfeasured (c) Novendstern S o.i- g 0.01 0.01 fb Measured (d) (2) -104- 1.2.l2(d)-b Rehme[1.2.5]Sl H/D°A H/DS] ^ )^ Engel et al. [1.2.6]^ 1 t ^% K Engel et al. 4 Engel et al[1. . Rehme[1.2.5]Sl ^±\-& ^£S>) ^-^^<^ 61 Todreas[1.2.7]£] J , B3 ^ • U" A » ^. Oft y 'i ^ ^d I ^|j ^M ^ -105- 0.01 0.01 f Measured b (e) Engel et al. «l-2. (3) -106- b" I Novendstern o Rehme Engeletal. E Cheng and Todreas (1) Cheng and Todreas (2) 102 103 104 (a) A2 10-'- s N> vend stem Rehms Engdetal. Cheng and Todreas (1) • Cheng and Todreas (2) t x f, ltf 10" 10* (b) A3 a^l.2.13 (1) -107- ld1- Novendstem * Rehme 1 Engeletal. • Chengand Todreas (1) -Chengand Todreas(2) c f 102 103 104 (c) B2 Io c B3 (P/D=1.255, H/D=37.5) O Novendstern Rehme • -• Engel et al. ~ — Cheng and Todreas (1) — Cheng and Todreas (2) x f. lO"2 io3 10" (d) B3 (2) -108- -rt- . Novendstern[1.2.4]Sj Todreas[1.2.7]^ Novendstern^ 4 KALIMER F§ P/D 71 (1) Novendstern^ o] (2) RehmeS] H/D (3) Engel, Markley^j- Bishop*] >tf^*]^r PjD$\ H/D (4) Cheng^f Todreas5| K ZL^uf o) 4 , Cheng^f -109- 3. 7>. 7fl.fi. *# of MHD MHD 917} K H^1.3.2«>fl-b ^^^f ^-A^# 7fl^f7l $]-5}°l uniform current density modelofl /(AT) = Jx = ^ (1.3.1) 2 K*) = Vo - -|-^(f ) (1.3.2) J : Current Density I : Total current per unit length (=Ja) Vo : Half of inter-upper wall voltage Wx) = u{x)Bb - IRi (1.3.3) -no- D.C. Magnet H111.3.1 MHD -111- Current Density >x Maenetife Field B H^l.3.2 MHD -112- B- Magnetic flux density *(*) = «o - hixla)2 (1.3.4) u0 = u : Fluid velocity a : Half length of upper wall R( : Resistance of fluid (= bjO/a) b : Half length of side wall af '• Electrical conductivity of the sodium Re • Resistance of upper wall (= a/awtw) aw '• Electrical conductivity of the duct material tw '• Thickness of duct wall U = uQ - ku/3 (1.3.5) = (Vo + iR,-- Zffe/6) (1.3.6) U : Mean velocity ojuf. Side wall# n^-ej- Kirhichoff -113- VQ = IRJ2 + IRU (1.3.7) Rw: Resistance of side wall (=• b/ajw) i?/3 + i?f) (1.3.8) 3£ Lorentz [1.3.2-1.3.5]. = JB = KpCfUB2 (1.3.9) p: Pressure Kp = CKl + a/3b + C) ].. if, - C/(C ^-S. Miyazaki^j NaK blowdovm ^^ 1.3.5], kfih aspect ratio7> 0.451^1 44 ^-S^]^ MJ^<>] 22.65mm o] 24.3 mm*] q-sJ-S^oflA-] 44 0.0819 and 0.045] °)4 °J45i 47)^^ 0.3~1.75To)3. -^^^r 2~ o] NaK blowdown -114- 0.2~0.48T5| Joule e>. MHD *W ^y^-g- 44^4 4^^7^ 44 ^ 7]^ H^l.3.74 ^o| MHD Loopl- °i^ -i*l*H Ar gas Pre-heater, Na Y# 44^1, T/C 3! ^1 4^# ^^*f5El^K Pre-heater^ tf *H y^^Botol 100W/m7f o]nc(| ^A)l Pre-heater -115- I ' I • I • I • I 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 T ['C] -116- dp/dz [ WPa/m] 0 0.5 _ 2.0 _ 1 .0_ 1 .5_ - : i 0.5: . _o.4: o.3 ' i• B (T) U [m/sec] -117- ,-" 1 1' dp/dz [1MPa/m] 0 0.3 _ 0.9 — 0.6 — 1 .2— 1 1 •SJ«^" 0.0 12345 - U (m/sec]' J •1 -118- 3 : 5 tfltf I s B [T] / / 1 ' / / • / / 1 " 0.6 1 .0 T -119- Pivteter MHD -120- Loop Pre-heaterif Main Heater S] Control ^ Indication Point-f- ^^Ao}, -^S.^ Data Acquisition System^ "£*] ^ -M%},|. %•§.*}&!}. ^^^H^- 30010^1 ^r 210cm ^-^ofl 0~4500Gauss^ . o| #*H£ 37M PoleS. ol^- ^: 90mm*5mm*2600mmol^, 0~7m/s, ilcfl^-^ 3 .3.13-11^1.3.l4ofl 44 vj-Efq^t:}. of^-e] ^4^ MHD ^*m ^^4^f# 7!I^fe 3-LKSHt- 7H^m4. 0} 'Handbook of Hydraulic Resistance'^] ^-T]^|.<^ g.^ -f^ Bending 4s, Bending Radius, Valve ^# ^^^^S. ^^, MHD Loop£| Reynolds No., (1) (2) (3) -121- i-'*-'OO(Iltpl - . _. - >oio oio cnocnocjioaiocnocnocjioc CO JCOOOOOOOOOOO tOtOl-' >l'1'('tOI—'CO l—'I—'tD xiCT>Jotpto icDcntooo >cocnoooaii ooooooo nbi I o to tot J2, r|iu o totooooowcocococowcooocococotowoooocowoooocoooootocotocot - _ _> to *>. cn i C/) > to o to oo to J^ • en -to co i—1 )tocoa> 5600 1600 50 100 150 200 250 X [cm ] -123- Force Density [N/m3] *105 u tfE Illll 00 1 to •^ ^--•' : s * \ ' \ v \' \i • N 1 « 1 1 1 " I ? .... Q . 4" H c~--> - CO J ' en 3 *• f f i X J o 1 i 1 3 : i flfcl k i o M- - - - -, ; M i , / ii i * : - \ t; \ i • . > /' I; . r|iu I I \ ^ ^ ^ 2. i I M m n a n » <• M liiiiiiiilfif1Illll Illllllllll iiiiiiiiilitiiiiiiilittitiiir 3 5 u Force Density [N/m ] *10 I—I GO • • » »^* •»•"» » I—* O 1 1 / / ii \ \ \ \ i ! I 1 I •*• i \ I t _ - - 1 1 ) 1 „-- J CO ;• • • f > f* 6- 4 i X i i 1: ) i i i i o 1 i i i i 3 1 1 f N> s i nfcl 1 T 0 B w — N» * ^ -- *" ! ll r- -—r"- ,<" / i 1 1 1 i 1 / 1 << • ••*• 1 . 1 1 \1 r|ni ] ! "1 * " " - a 1 3 hi III 1 M M iiliiiiiintliiiiimilniMniHuimnilIllllltH Force Density [N/m3]* 105 M 00 11 1 |.....MM|mm...|"mH i V i _ I i ( ( i o I ! i 3 i i V rjiu IniiHiiliiiiiiiuliiiiiiiHMiiiiimliiimiiiiiimiiiliiiiiml f jSi 3 u Force Density [N/m ] *10 CO CO en > -9- Iinlnmnn8tmiiiiilnnmiilinminlimnmlmnmt Ji 1.3.2 MHD #3 7j-s>f AP -fi-3= [m3/h] -fr^f [m/s] 3H^J= ^, Re [bar] 1 0.69 10662.62 0.021 2 1.39 21325.23 0.082 3 2.08 31987.85 0.185 4 2.78 42650.46 0.333 5 3.47 53313.08 0.515 6 4.16 63975.70 0.742 7 4.86 74638.30 1.010 8 5.55 85300.93 1.320 9 6.25 95963.55 1.669 10 6.94 106626.16 2.061 11 7.63 117288.77 2.494 12 8.33 127951.39 2.968 -128- 3.0 2.5 2.0 ex o -S (0 o.o 1 0 V elocity [m /sec] 129- 3.0 2.5 TT 2.0 03 •a. a. I ,5 1 .0 0.5 0.0 30000 60000 90000 120000 150000 Re -130- IPPE ^ 600 TCo] 3. 4^-£-*Kir Ranged 0. 5% ^: Transmitter^] Diaphragm ^- Stainless Steel Mesh-H Porous Diaphragm^.5. ^-^ System^ #^*M ^^l^^A^, ^ 690kg Loop M(«>II -^^^514. ^^i ^, 64^1 ^ tH, 3^5] 4^1144^ ^^f^Hif Novatome loop ^% 9-^l^# ^rWSfti}. A]^^A] Novatome 6.9 MHD -131- 1 — the pressure difference transmitter; 2 - impulse lines; 3 — dividing chambers oil-sodium with porous diaphragms; 4 - expand tank; 5 - level indicator; 6 - magnetic flowmeter; 7 - power unit; VI -s- V8 — valves (V4, V5 - valves for the impulse lines connection; V6 — valve, permitting to connect impulse lines of "high" (+) and "low" (-) pressure).. 15 4:T§h§- * Schematic diagram -132- ELB03D ELB03D efe ELB03Dfe HYBRID, 3.^M^d] QUICK, ^l^}-B-7fl«fl^^l HLPA, SOUCUP ^ COPLA « ^^^^ TDMA, SIP 31 MSIP «j-^# 4"§-47l- 6 *^4. ^^2f ^--£^ ^^Ife ^ d"^^l SIMPLE SIMPLEC ^ 4}^4 l^jfff 4 fe k-epsilon -133- A^, 4 SOLA-VOF SH ELB03D 3.H COPLA Thermal Striping SIMPLE Rhieij- Chow[2.1.1]7> -134- °fl ^Bl 4-§-5]3- 514. °1 HHH>*1£- Cartesian *^ Cartesian ^^l^fe Rhieif Chow^l unsteady flows) *^o)) ^-g-^; 4 2.1.151 ^ ^f^B-4 ^o| 5] factors)*] *&£-£- # (2.1.2) (2.1.3) . = «„, fe ^ (2.1.5) (2. 1. 6) (2. 1. 7) Mj(/=1,2,3) -135- w ^2.1.1 -136- n-l,/-Lg- o]^ AJ^Tfl & ^ 6|^ t>^-^>4(iteration level) #^, P (2.1.8) . Rhieif MH #^ Cartesian (Hje =f;(HjE+(l-f:)(HjP (2.1.10) )P(P*-P'n)p (2.1.11) )p{pl-P*)P (2.1.12) f, 0-//) = + U (Ap)E (A P% (2.1.13) -137- - a - - A) J+o - At (2.1.14) (2.1.15) (AV) , r At (A? (2.1.16) n-\ (2.1.17) -138- <*u,P :tf-ClJDt ,(^)f..,-, At (2.1.18) «# -/;+ «s-1 -a -/;)«;? 'X K'p )JT (2.1.19) 1.1.20) ±3. (2.1.21) (2.1.22) (2.1.23) -139- ut =«,. (2.1.24) (2.1.25) '=P =0 o| -P7)P l a +( - uM ~p {2.1. 26) (2.1.27) (2.1.28) # 2 (Pw-pe)p+(D Jp(ps-pn)p + {D\)p{pb -Pt)p (2. i 2 p(pw-pe)P + (D U2)p (ps-pn)P +{Dl2)p (pb -p\)p (2. l. 30) 3 )p(^~A)P +(A')P(^-Pn)p +(A 3)P(A~P\)P (2.1. 31 -140- (2.1.32) SIMPLE )pCPw-A)P +(A2,),(Pi-A)P +(A')P(A -A)P (2.1.33) 2 3 )P (jp'w-pe)P+ (D U2)P (p's -pn)P + (D U2)P (pb-pt)P (2.1. 34) )P (A -A)P (2.1.35) + (2.1. 36) CPP -^X + (A2X (^ -A). +(A2X (A -A). (2.1. 37) 3X (A ~PE)e +(A3X (A -A). + (A3)e (A -A). (2.1.38) overbad SA]S] 3.^}^-^ ^^*oV^ ^ P, E &i& A^ 45° -141- (2.1.39) e;= -PE) (2.1.41) . i. 43) (2.1.45) (2.1.46) (2.1.47) (2.1.48) (2.1.49) (2.1.50) -142- (2.1.51) (2.1.52) (2.1.54) A P'T (2. l. 55) (2.1.56) =fe: -a*+Q; -a*+a* - <2. i. 57) -143- (2.1.59) (2.1.61) (2.I.63) (2) , (2.1.64) (3) p =p +apt 0 144- .1.33)-(2.1.35) Chow[2.1.1]7f 7]$] s^ 01 Chow7f 4 T&£ i:>. Cartesian (curvature term) Rhieif 3.7)0]] K Majumdar[2.1.2]7f o] -145- At (2.1.66) Rhie S\ Chow 7} 517)7} 100 -146- 4 3717} 30O] Majumdar[2.1.2]if (2.1.67) (AV) _, (AF) , Term! =-^ ,(AF), ,„-! At (2.1.68) , 4 44 Errorl, Error2 Errorl =max{abs( Term!)} X100 (2.1. 69) Error2=max{abs ( rerw2 )} X100 (2.1. 70) Errorl, Error2 3.71 9 Table (1) Errorl 3L} Error2 . Errorl 2f Error2 Errorl^ 147- =£2.1.1 4 Relaxation Monitored Numerical Dimensionless factors Errorl Error2 u-velocity grids time step component 0.3 5.007 2.098 -0.1840 10~3 0.7 2.143 4.888 -0.1841 0.3 4.969 1.731 -0.1840 10 "2 22X22 0.7 2.130 4.039 -0.1840 0.3 4.880 0.632 -0.1839 10"1 0.7 2.091 1.475 -0.1839 0.3 4.812 -0.1839 101C 0.7 2.062 -0.1839 0.3 4.949 1.962 -0.2007 10"3 0.7 2.121 4.577 -0.2008 0.3 4.804 1.138 -0.2007 10"2 0.7 2.059 2.655 -0.2008 42X42 0.3 4.657 0.219 -0.2006 10"1 0.7 1.996 0.512 -0.2008 0.3 4.624 -0.2007 1010 0.7 1.982 -0.2008 -148- 3.7)7} #°1 0.7 (2) *> ^§^±S Rhieij- (2.1.1)-(2.1 (numerical false diffusion)*] force)# .^ . Clessif Prescott[2.1.3]fe 4 ^H ^(implicit method)^ -149- semi -implicit method )§5] X&o] o]z\*\ $•%.$) chow[2.i.i]7|- v fl Chow Mohamadi} Viskanta[2.1.7]-b ^ ^(upwind scheme)2j- ^^£^]^(power law scheme) -^S^ ^H^TT Jft. $\ %.*] 4^^^" «H^1 ^6ov^^r^(central difference scheme)^ A]-§- •i- ^^l-Si^h H °1^^1 Mohamad, Viskanta[2.1.6]^f Cless, Prescott id Peclet number)7|- . Mohamad^ Viskanta[2.1.7] ^ Qo] ^}^W 7^4 n|f-f 4^: QUICK 9.yH(gradient)7} fe overshoot^- undershoot oje]*> JL^H^^ undershoot 150- S0UCUP[2.1.8], HLPA[2.1.9], SMARTER[2.1.10] ^ C0PLA[2.1.11] 7] *)*M ?l^^. *le<>ll Choii} Lee[2.1.12]-fe 3 g7}^3.) HLPA, SMARTER, COPLA *H^#^r 71*] ££ ^%J££| ^r^-§- &OW, SOUCUP Sfl^£ o] ^-S.^ SOUCUP sfj^ COPLA SOUCUP *H^2f COPLA sH^# 3g7>*]-3.^> tlcK SOUCUP §B^^r A I < uf. COPLA *H^^r ^^-^^r^ o^ =0) ^(Newtonian) ^|*U, ^43. 7^*}3., Boussinesq e 107 o]3. Prandtl^7]- 0.005^1 42X42, 82X82 H]^^ ^j^^H- A^g-*H ^r*^}S14. ^- ^^-^14 4 Hortmann et al. [2.1.13]o| t-^^ 1/80 # (residual)^] -151- Adiabatic TH Tc Adiabatic -152- Hfe 0.7, o^*)^^ 1.0 37.57W Tll^^^uK o] 82X82 QUICK Pentium Pro 200Mz PC 3. 72 Mohamad^ Viskanta[2.1.6]JE t:}. 42X42, 62X624} 82x82 , 82X82 ^4^}I# 4-§-^ ^- f ^ ol^.^ 82X82 QUICK Mohamadif Viskanta^I 82X82 QUICK Nusselt HYBRID -¥• * 82X825. . HYBRID sH^^ Nusselt K SOUCUP sjl^^r HYBRID Nusselt u} QUICK *B^3f COPLA sH^^r 3g5 Nusselt ^A ^ bluf. QUICK s||^4 COPLA -2-3. 7}]^*]; Mohamad^- Viskanta*] . QUICK *flig:2f COPLA 5fl^^5 | 4 (42x42H-b QUICK r SaK o|3)«J «^^r COPLA 4 QUICK «U^# 4-§-^v# ^*}^ f. oj HH^l COPLA «H^o] QUICK -153- HYBRID 25 82-82 42-42 />•••• == SOUCUP 2.0 S2-S2 l/^ " " 42*42 20 20 Time Time (a) (b) 2.5 COPLA 82-62 QUICK 2.0 42-42 B2-82 / 42*42 • 10 20 10 20 Time Time (c) (d) (a)HYBRID, (b)SOUCUP, (c)QUICK, (d)COPLA -154- $13 QUICK n^o) o) ^}$] ^-fofe wiggling .4fe HYBRID sfl^ SOUCUP #£ . HYBRID sfligofl 6]«H ^]A]-si -o-^i^ ^Bfl^ S0UCUP HYBRID sH^^r n}ef ^*}^i ^^-^ ^-^^ ^ 6iuK SOUCUP ^^{circular)5] tgBjfol^l, 2^ °M 82X82 ^|^^>^ COPLA sff^ofl 6]*|f 4^^ i (t=35.4760). ^. 1=35.9510). 3. 1=35.1510). o]^*> 2^01 HYBRID sfj^^ SOUCUP Nusselt ^ f- HYBRID, QUICK, SOUCUP ^ COPLA Prandtl ^7f ^^*i Prandtl ^7\ 0.005, Grashof 4^7]-107 -155- (a) HYBRID (b) SOUCUP .1.4 HYBRID *H^4 SOUCUP -156- (b) (©) .5 COPLA (a) t=35.1510, (b) t=35.3135, (c) t=35.4760, (d) 1=35.6510, (e) t=35.8010, (f) t=35.9510 -157- HYBRID SOUCUP n^ ^^(oscillatory) , ^HI^J QUICK *H^2f COPLA Sfl^ ja.^*fe(oscillatory) £>#§ Sll ^-Sl^ QUICK ^^^ -b COPLA ^^ A>-g-o] 4. thermal striping ^3] o| A v thermal striping ^ o ^r S Phenix^l IAEA Special Meeting^] thermal striping Ushijima[2.1.14]5| <&-?7\ Ushijima^ 180^5. -158- . Ushijima-b 387fl£) thermocouple^ Ushijima7f W ^*f3., o]# ^H*H 74X22X42 ^S.^ Choi et al. [2.1. llH COPLA 5jf^# 4-g-^f^-, Wl^^o^ Ferziger^ Peric ^ ^r-b 50(H:a, Richardson ^^ 9.8O1U}. 4^;^ ^S. 10S. 71-4^711 5)JI #9- ^^ ^{Richardson number)7f -y-cJf^^S. 3.71 nfl^-ofl -159- L = 80 r Center Plane V 1 o II i H = 50 -160- T=10sec 11^2.1.7 -161- Ushi jima[2.1. 7} HlJSL^ ^ ^ thermocoupl 371 37171- 3., m t^SLS. lfl ^AS. 3. (t=503). n (t=120i). •162- -163- lilL lifiii IllllfffflllH" T=15sec -164- 7}7\ o) irfef ^ 3^-(section A section B : ^^ section C : ^ fe- thermal striping -165- T=5sec T=15sec T=17.5sec M i] "Ml 1 ,.,.'. -,^y//;i. T=20sec T=25sec T=40sec 1 1 1 11111'- •' 1 1 I I ] IJ \f\ II \ 1 J ! 1 Hi >•[ nuiiui' ! mimu1' tiimin1" w\\ \un>', l 511! \U\1^*" T=50sec T=70sec T=120sec ~ 166"~ T=20sec T=22.5sec T=25sec .9— 1 -0.9- -0.8- T=30sec T=40sec T=50sec -0.9- SQ.5S -0.1- T=70sec T=100sec T=120sec -0.9- -0.8- =0.5= -0.1- -167- (a) Section A 0/ Q O (j 1111 1 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 . 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 (b) Section B 53.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 \2 (c) Section C -168- A] SIMPLE Thermal Striping ^^^1 <>1*H1- . ELB03D 3.^o\] ^2}fe ELB03D Thermal Striping -169- 2. 7} aH S>-§-£(reactivity)3] , POSCO 7} ^*H argon 7^ , ^-§-^(fusion reactor)^.^ ^^71 ^*H #%A^ 71 ^ MHD(MagnetoHydroDynamic) fe 3. flu}. -170- (electrical conductivity)# ±r ^7]^S£^, 7 hot-film^, x-ray ^ , x-ray -^^ 44 "^^ 7^] MHD £.3. '50 }7l^( magnetic loop ^^[2.2.15-2.2.17], [2.2.18], Sfe 100°C ^-5-^ ^ 300°C x-ray S^ y-ray5] . 2.19-2. 2.22]o] ., hot-film[2.2.23, 2.2.24] °l-§-t! fraction) -171- prototype vapor# test-section^] bubble-generatorij- separator(7l^ 7fl ¥^ Sll^K ^r ^^ ^S.( flow-pattern map) [2. 2. 27] <^]^ ^ ^^H 1.0 m/s, 71^-^1 ^ii7l ^H jgf- ^c}} 10 m/s^£5. ^^*fSEli:K °}^tf ^1-^ ^^^-i- ^cf| 30 Ipm, 7l^-§- ^4: Sfe of^$ 7f>i*] -^so># 3|clf 300 ^pm %5.S. aej*H, 161^151 ufi^^- ^^ SUS304 afe SUS316 seamless afojS-i- °I-g-*M test-secton^- ^}^ o] oia-o^^ls.^-, test-section^| 4^# Def 7}^^ ^-f, ^«1 (chamber)51 ^^! ^o)o] 5m^ a^^H 4m o] i§S] ^%# ^|*M KALIMER51 >y*^ <^-?-# ^H 7fl**Sl &i=i 60 3/4 Soft SUS ^^-# -S-^^l"0^ -M"°]3-, 1500gauss ^S-Sl Alnico -172- -173- ^ C-type calibration-tank(Ji^*§ ^ loop ^- 47H ]^] ^^w 4^}] ^*> rotameter h Rotameterfe l^ }^}} ^ l(gas-preheaterl) ^<^]^ 7}^ »S. ^^^>7| ^-&H ^1#(needle) Hl^ *> ^; rotameter *i^lfe ufg- metering valve# ^^ loop #^-^ 0.6 mmij 5-8 mm7}^^ 7lS7} ^^5]i^ ^7)]/^ chamber M ^>^-^ 7}^^o] oi^ 20cc Drain tank^ 44/^ o] Drain tank^fe *]tf^ ^*W 3&Q -fc^.^. ^^^^ nj§6]i 7\ , 71 ^ -174- test-section^ ^Hi-*rfe- 7l^# *H, test-sectional^ ^ 7l^# &*] test-section^ 7} -fe^l-b ^# W*l-7l JH*H overflow drain# ^*]*H mixing tank^ ^SKS., OL B\ SUS316 Cold-trap^l ^£^ uff-f-ofl ^*)-^ sheath^ k-type Mixing tank(^E£3.)ir ^# ^% loop*] 4 storage-tankH^3.)^ 108 2\tf£[ ^ll^# ^-£^- 5mm^l SUS304 cover gasi} db# »|^-§- 3.^-y- 4, <% loop 71 a ^(chamber)# ^^l^f -175- main-framed -&*]*K2., OL °}*£ -f-^Hl leakage-tray (emergency stop), -panel 400A5] DC/AC 4 -¥-S-ofl <$ 207H 4 B|a. ^ iOOp^J ^g-slfe cover quick close/open^3] M^^^-w ^^: *H4^1"£Ul, cover gas «H# oflfe #71 ^7]71 (vapor trap)# ^^1^}^^. HSU ^# loop^ 4 ^# 1-M-^l bellows sealed gate valve^f (2) Test-section 9i cjl-f-^ loop^r 1^1 *1 ^^# 4^ McMaster4^ 44-2J 7j--*>l^J-(view box)^=r test-section 37]^. %*^^1 -i^-1?!6}] £}^i ^"^^ ^t-^l K Test-section^: ^fol^. L-H^(D)^1 65D -176- Air Vent OSCILLOSCOPE JJ U. PC Separator DAS SYSTEM — UltraSonic Pulser/Receiver — Hotfilm — EM flovrmeter Pressure — Chen Type Probe Regulator Metering Valve \ Drain -Ill- fully developed) -tf%ofl H]jz^ 7}%^ -fr-f-o] 50 tpm, «KS. 10m, m , &*& ^^# *1*H bypass B ., 25 -epm^S^H ^4^^](full range)^ 5] J$L$}3.^ ^BO># ^^^ ^ Safe rotameter 7] Mff-fofffe # && 31-^1-i- 471)5. ^-^M 90 JL, SUS5. ^114*> ^-7]^(air-chamber)^ drain hole# 5 rotameterS. ^-^1*|-^>H metering valveS ^^^Hl -fi-^§- S^^H, 7l 3.7\] ^-^.*H, 71S 80 mesh 0.5mm O. lm -178- Tup Water -179- 71-b 3#£ <^^# *1«M 100V-60HZ# h noise filter* 7|*l7fl *> ^, ^7H4 4«H ^4?} ^ %%. 440V-60Hz J2-^-^^J# ^K8-*f53lc}. Al^:^.^^. ^]*f oscilloscope^ Tektronix-11403A1- 4-§-*l"^3., ^1°1^ ^ell- ^1 *t DAS l£^ Keithley 1802ST-DA# 4^1-^14. ^H^ 471^" ^-^^r F.W. Bel 1-9900 gaussmeterl- Af-g-^H 4^*1^^^, ^M-g-^Tfl^ ^^7l^-^4# o|-g-*> £- OMEGA FL-400A -R-'SXH- 4 (3) 2.2.4, H^]2.2. 47] b 4 *> 3.7m •£- 0.9mm 4-H^ ^l1-}1! 3.^# 1000^1 15mm, #(pole) S1^.^ 40mmX35mm7|- current)^] ^sjj ^^*}b #^(Joule heating)^ HJ*l*l-7l 4\H, TT-^ 3.^ ^^w ^-^ ^.^.^ 0.5mm - -180- ^2.2.4 -181- -> B V Induced current V B g c Si-coated plate (Length of yoke)J -182- wire-cutting# o}-§-3-]-<*| C-type<^l 515^- 7}^}3., °] ^# 40mm7]- j£4§. ^#A]^ j3La.(yoke C-type ^EHt- #£ iq^] i^ofl^AKsteel epoxy)# magnetic circuital tH*H Ampere ^*]^]^ -8-S."?! (2.2.1), (2.2.2)1- A-B. .dl =-B-I+-B-g = Ni (2.2.1) B ^ Ni£°iL (2.2.2) ^ 440V-60Hz 3.^-^i^# -S-i-*]-JL gauss-meterl- > ^^} lOOOGauss ^S.3] peak ^o| ^ 14^ ^^# 1^^ Hf]^] ^tl 3mm SUS-g-, ^513 s§*>Z\. 7}^$] ^^^ (differential amplifying circuitH^}. ^-, -T" 7fl^ ^ =171 *f 183- 100 pF 1 \ M 100 K LhBOSAN , + Virtual UL ,-U. Electrode Electrode 100 K 1 pF 1 pF Water -184- (1) WATER 0-16 ^ 40 , DAS ii^S lOOOHz^ sampling rate^ -fr^ 10,0007|l^ SIA^, o] fe data# ^5d^K H*f]2.2.8£ 12mm 4^5] ^^} >=^^ o] -, Faraday ^^.5.^-^ -$-£*> (2) AIR-WATER 2AcH Mandhane(l974) - a^-(plug flow)5l ^<^ 7]Si ^<&SM Hlefl^H -^^(fluctuation) -185- Sampling time [1/1000 sec] -186- 0.77 0.76 • Experimental value 0.75 —•»—Theorltlcal value Unear fitting line Voltage = 0.0475-velocity + 0.6435^-""''^ ^^--"""^ > 0.74 0.73 [pu t 0.72 ^^^^^^f^^^^ Voltage = 0.0454-velocity + 0.6435 0.71 tag e ou l Vo l 0.7 0.69 0.68 0.65 0.75 0.85 0.95 1.05 1.15 1.25 1.35 1.45 1.55 1.65 1.75 1.85 1.95 2.05 2.15 2.25 2.35 Water velocity! m/s] 12mm flowtube) -187- 1.6- 1.4- 3 Sr 1.2- ±Z 1.0 - o 0.8- 1E-3 0.01 0.1 Volumetric flux of air[m/s] (jf=2.034[m/s] const) 188- r 10 Bubbly Flow Slug Plug Flow Flow S 10 Annular Flow Stratified Flow 10 1CT , I I 10 10 1 10 10' 10" (m/s) D.^2.2.10 Flow-pattern map (Mandhane) -189- Bubbly flow Plug flow Churn flow Flow-pattern -190- 7} 71S life} ility density function)^ 1 ^ air_ water -191- Sampling time [1/1000 sec] (jf=1.38,jg=0.274[m/s]) -192- CWOB*" in 1 /I J\ A h f[ A 11 A fl fi w-7^ S joint! fffll •-* pdf pdfi 0 + (mV) (a) pdf vs. signal (b) emf signal (c) flow pattern pattern^ -193- 3. 7}. 0~2001/min 0~3Bar, 4-&£S. 100°C~6006C HI- MHD (1) [2.3.6, 2.3.7, 2.3.9, 2.3.10] 7fl 3.33-2.3.35]. 4-8-3 7^^ v(r,6,z)=vz (2) -194- Outer Core -195- ^—VVV $for r R? v. s Primary Secondary (Cores & Coils) (Liquid Na) -196- ^^ Laithwaite^ 41(2.3.1)21- ^ol 3gst 7 N : *, : slot-filling factor (0.5 - 0.6) kd - t/w (f. #^ S<^1) a • chording factor = -197- g : D : ^71 d : Russel-Norsworthy ) ^^1^]^ ^(2.3.2)5} ^-o] 3J2 Q Darcy-Weisbach (2.3.3) -198- U kw{\ S) O A) _ 2 pcqklm og kfkdx (3) Pump IA2151 ^-f 1.3Bar <^]3. Pump IA124£) ^-f 44 12.5m3/hi} 3Baro|u)-. -§-^rS 200°C SI 600°C^l uH*M 44 H#*H ^- ^^H- -L^]2.3.77M S2.3.2of| Pump IA213} Pump IA1243] 43.5m3/minif 7Bar<^ PRISM -199- Cstart") No - » !»••. No Yes •_ • v. i :„ :.• . - . . End zn?}2.3.3 -g^l-g- -200- - Sod u m te m p e ra tu re = 2 0 0 °c our c ode • N o v a tome 4 - •k K 41«k - - - ' 1 ' 1 ' 1 ' | • • 1 • 1 . 51 6 7 1 1Q11 ' I 1 F to w rate [m3 /h J 200oC6J A Pump IA *} -201- A 5 6 7 Flow rate [m »/ti ] 600 Pump IA 213} -202- 1 10 15 20 Flow rate [m3 /h ] H3]2.3.6 200°C6a ir(I Pump IA 124^ -203- Sodium Temperature = 600 C o u r c o d e By N o v a to m e 10 15 20 Flowra te [m ' /h ] ZL.^2.3.7 600 tH xcfl Pump IA 124£) -204- M.2.3.1 Novatome Pump IA Known values Prediction Values Core length: 336mm Pump diameter: 334mm Outer duct diameter: 48.26mm Inter core gap: 4.5mm Gepmetrical Outer duct Thickness: 3.68mm Inner core diameter: 33mm Slot depth: 90mm Inner duct thickness: lmm Slot width: 15mm Pole pairs: 1 Electrical Frequency: 50Hz Slot/phase/pole pair: 2 Phase: 3 Pole pitch: 168mm -205- S2.3.2 Novatome Pump IA 1243] Known values Prediction Values Core length: 736mm Pump diameter: 230mm Outer duct diameter: 33.4mm Inter core gap: 9mm Gepmetrical Outer duct Thickness: 2.77mm Inner core diameter: 15.4mm Slot depth: 90mm Inner duct thickness: 1mm Slot width: 33.7mm Pole pairs: 2 Electrical Frequency: 60Hz Slot/phase/pole pair: 1 Phase: 3 Pole pitch'- 184mm -206- S2.3.3 PRISM ^H Known values Prediction Values Core length: 4.78m Pump diameter: 94.6cm Outer duct diameter: 35cm Gepmetrical Outer duct Thickness: 3.18mm Slot depth: 25cm Inner duct thickness: 3.18mm Slot width: 20mm Inter core gap: 42.4mm Inner core diameter: 26.6cm Turns/slot : 16 Pole pairs: 8 Slot/phase/pole pair: 2 Electrical Pole pitch: 29.6cm Frequency: 27.5Hz Phase: 3 -207- P - -StKHu nv tem- p e ra-^ U = -3-3 -8i- G- - B y p R rs W —~~. B y o u r code *m ^ " ^^•^ —- i• \' \ :^ 3=^f<3 -H- i I \ ••.'••• % \ « • * 1 1 • i • 1 20 30 40 1 Flow rale \m 3/m in ) 0.^2.3.8 PRISM ^^ -208- PRISM 3.7)} Vb 25% o]v\. 43.5m3/m if 7BarS} 3%S. 60 .3.4]. fe 60Hz (2) MHD loop & 110°C -209- S2.3.4 ^ 711 & -S31 ^ ^•%*-i- ^/min 200 60 60 ^*> Bar 1.3 1.3 1.3 ^ 1! % 85 90 55 3.6}7j; 7^ mm 9.85 7.4 10.45 ^SS^HH cm 738 383 37 «^ «Si4|^m cm 101.6 60.5 3 ^}q- s]*l cm 379 191.5 20 ^^ ^-^ A 33 24 20 6J^ ^ioi v 440 227 53 oi^ ^^ VA 25,149 9,436 1,836 £^ 130 150 120 1 1 1 °d^ ^4^r Hz 60 60 20 -210- Spacer 60 £/min -211- a^2.3.10 200 4 /min B -212- Line Guide Casing 11^2.3.11 60 « /min -213- ufl level H.3] 7H Data Workstation^] ^^Q HP7405A/B 3.^$] Data Acquisition ^ Data ^^ iaS^^ti Vee Test# £•£ ^w# 4^5. ^^*>^lt:K o]ttfl Data^ 0.1 44 1000 7R*1 ^of§«H n ^^^# *I#*M ^eEHS IE. (3) ^1^ 2004/min K ZL^2.3 7} Ilk *± A -214- ; _ f = eo Hz Lin c> : P rediciion D o m i • 22 A j \^ • -f- \ 1 \ Si' \ \ 4 \ V 26 D 3 90 Flowrates [l/min] H^2.3.12 20(U/min H -215- 0.9 : 2O Mz Linci : P redictlon ! 1 0.7 ; ^ i ^ L 1 - 12 A 0.4* 0.2 •4 rT-^ . . i . . . . X1 200 300 Flowrates [l/min] -216- 200 300 4 0 0 xte rn a lly-su Flowrates £l/min] f 20 0 Dm In 200^/min -217- 0.6 f = 10 Hz Lines : Prediction Dots : Measurement 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 j I 100 200 300 400 F lowrates D/min] SfX2oViKipporte*type 200-£/min -218- ) > -fr^-i-ol 0 fe 0.56Bar 280°C<^ ^-f 0.4Bar5. ^|^5] 15Hz<^ njf7l- 7}^- at}. ^^flS -fr^^ol 501/min^ ^g-f ^3f^ ^sfcH] nfs. *J-^^^1 ^Jt^r 15Hz^ 47}- 0.46BarS 7} % 3.7\] 15Hz ^ -b lOHz, 3. 48«o|c}. o|£. ^^ ^^^^AI^I ^^^-^ ^^o] 200^/min ts| 3.71 4^:^! ^l-^S. ^4^>. 4, 60£/min ^S*] ^S^I 9.85mm ^.r:]- *]•£ 7.4mmo|r:f. tc 4 4 -219- = 6O Hz Line : : Predlc Ilin Dot. 0.5* ': M (iiu rent cnl 1 1 m ^*- I'll A^^^ — •" ^^ 0 2 : i i 0.1 " ! i 0.0 11 0 SO 100 1B0 200 2S0 300 3S0 400 450 Flowrates [l/min] "VVi'mV""'0""1 '"" -220- SO 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Flowrates [l/min] "IVoA1""0""1 """ "1^2.3.17 -221- 1.5 Hz : Llnei : Predktio rt \ I : M eas'ur«menl i - a 0.20 a I « S!s A 4 W 0.1 0 -_ 3.a A - • • D.00 1 . . 100 200 Flowrates [l/min] H^2.3.18 -222- - f = 1O Hz Lines :Trcdiclion • D ols : M easuretnenl 1 la \ •\ i 1 • 3 .S A « 2 .5 A 1 I . 1 ...... SO 120 Flowrates [}/min] H^2.3.19 60£/min -223- 2.4 j f = 60 Hz ! 2.1 T-~^_!_^-_~~ Llttci: Prehctltin * 1 .8 1.5 = 17 AT 1.2 0.9 0.6 1 2 A 0.3 1=7 1 • • 1 1 I 20 30 40 50 60 so F lo w rates ri/m in 1 601/min -224- \ [ f = |2 0 Hz LInci : Prtdicrion ^ caiurtment ; l \ i ^^: » ; ^^ 2 A I I"' • ^^^^ X p • *-^ X.... 50 75 Flowrates [l/min] 6(U/min -225- 2.0 « —1 5 H z Linen : P rcdictipn m I ! Dots M easu rem ent I m i 1 = 17 A 1.2 ; V; 0.8 i m I-=12A 0.4 7 V t -. 0.0 l"" "f * 10 20 30 40 SO 60 70 SO 90 Flow rates [l/m in] pcolly')eo'6°"mi" -226- f = 10 Hz [ Lines : Fndiction D oil : M «tsurera ent 1—J_- 1 j . 1 - 12 A a \ <* ~77^r^ 30 Flowrates [l/min] -227- fe ZL 40% Root-mean-squre data^l IE -228- 4. <§ 7}, Uf (IVTM: In Vessel Transfer Machine)S.^fe v]^$] PRISM Plug) 2.4.1), D||U]^5}1O)^ ^o) ^ Compensation Control -229- S2.4.1 (Japan DFBR) (PRISM) (KAERI) Plug-In / Rotating Plug Plug-out IVTM 20.5 M 6 M 4 M Cost ($) IVTM: 2 M IVTM: 3 M Rotating Plugs: UIS Lifter: 4 M 1 M -^# (Cask, Sj-t-^l) (« #e^ Sealing) ji^ 3L^ (*3 -230- -231- PRISM (Rotating Plug) IVTM^S.A-] ^ $1 IVTMo] ; Upper Instrumetation System)^ UIS# fofifi 3. *}SH1 ^-^^ IVTM# H]7> n -232- l^ ^3.3$) o\] 24 ^ 150 -b 300Kg 4-5 m -233- Support Barrel 0384cm Care Shroud 0 50cm TJIS 0140cm •234- -235- 7} &j *> fe^l oj 71 kt ^s ^} 57} 2$) flo] ^711 -236- fFi 111 -237- (1) ^S *IH 711A 4 o) [2.4.2], -238- 4 4 *}• 0]$)$} 4 -239- 78.57x 10 ^kgflmm\ £(<£!-)£• 2.04 xlO4£g//mm2, aC 17xlO"6/°C K£^^wl) = 0.3^ #^*1# 4fe Stainless Steel igid Body)5f (2) nH^#eff ff^] \\l ADAMS K ADAMS# lH ^ (7\) sfl^ S^sj(11^2.4.5, 3^2.4.6) #71 ^sfi^ § 4 7ie](L)7f 351.9cm 0° ojuh ^ «14fe 7i5j7f 321.3cmol JL, z}5L7} 21.78° o|cf. 4 ^14^. 7iel7f 198.8cm^l3., 4£.7> 27.8° 33.7° oju]-. T.^2.4.7^ 4 l^SS. 20^ -240- -241- -242- (a) Case 1 (b) Case 2 (L=351.9cm, 8=0°) (L=321.3cm, 8=21.78°) (c) Case 3 (d) Case 4 (L=198.8cm, 8=27.8°) (L=119.5cm, 8=33.7°) X-value Y-value Z-value -243- 4 4 x, 4-b x, (3) , 4 4.10 2, 4, 6, n , 3, -244- 1 19.5 -I „ Unregistered HyperSnap (a) Case 1 / 9.0 • '-"? ' •''." 1 / r : \ : / •9.0 - .180 • 15.0 sec _ Unregistered HyperSnap (b) Case 3 35] -245- :r—, . •285.0 - •570.0 - ; ; 1 -855.0 - 1 10.0 sec (a) Case 1 0.0 • \ !S -21.0 1 \ \ -42.0 • \ 1 -63.0 • (b) Case 3 -246- 125.0 - 0.0 - / 125 0 - 250.0 - I i 1 30.0 >—- J u. „ (a) Case 2 t • • : 10C.O - * ** ab W ra B M _ _ •1OO.0 - (b) Case 3 11^2.4.10 -247- ; 3225.0 • ' ': 21500 • *'• ' 11 1075.0 """"I (a) Case 1 • 4 : <•< I..- "f ; ...... 125.0- 750.0 • . >v .... 37S.0 • ...... 30.0 (b) Case 3 -248- .3:2.4.2 Input data at Joints 2, 4, 6 and Griper \ Joint 24 Joint 4 Joint 6 Gripper Case ziJ-tKSLS. 216.5cm2l 0 1 ^3 IT 5Hr STEPthr Case Z o o*~ *~'" * J- 3^ • OOC/ZT1 -^ 2 r J tjT_31 "T"O]l J^~-~7\-}-~s ^; TT _ OQ PT?T>'8'V-r 1 JjjJr^ trj *"^.^ Case zttf^S. 36.645cm2l ^1 ^1 ^^^.S. 27.8 °s] 3 Case ^l^l^^-^-S. 33.7D 4 4 -249- nsfli-fe- Case Case 4 2.4.10(a)^ Case , 3, ^2.4.10(b)fe Case 35] 1, 3, A ^1 H7|li:} 4 o| ti -250- 10cmX20cmi] 3.7 , 200Kg, 400Kg, *(bar) -251- 4 351.9cmoU, ^- ^ 7]B]7|- 321.3cmo]3.5 2^5.7} 21.7 L, 43E.7f 27.8° <& JS.^o] 119. 33.7° «1 S^o)uK 4 7} 3.7}7\ (2) ANSYS- -252- . ©1 (FEM Model )•£• ^l-^h type)# 107fl*l ^^(node)# ^^ ^4^4^^!^(tetrahedron type, solid92 type)# Af-g-*f -^-*>A^ JSHiSj -B-tl-S.^ ^fe 12,903711, ^^ ^fe 24,1207||O1T:K ne]3. #^^lfe SI^lS. 4i^^.4 ( P= 7857kg/m\ i/=0.3). ^^ 3.711- (3) *H:g ANSYS# 41- -253- -254- -255- 2.4.14). concentration) £171 4/5S (b)). o) afl 1.7mm -256- ANSYS S.3 NOV 22 1996 15:08:23 NODAL SOLUTION STEP=1 SOB =1 TIHE=1 SEQV (AVG! DUX =.001456 SHU =.282E-0S SHX =.2J4E+O8 SHXB=.2?6E+03 XV =.433013 YV =-.1S ZV =-.S XF =-1.708 ZF =2.267 A-ZS=-130.893 Z-BUFFEB ^_ .282E-0S ^S .238E+07 pH . 476E+07 .715E+07 .953E+O7 m .119E+0S • .143E+Q8 .167E+08 .191E+08 .214E+08 3.*$ (case 1) -257- Deflection Deflection c^> CD s | —i Q 03 o tn « CJ1 —) \to Q o o 03 03 ro s ° (/) o CD C5O? O s •x> \ CO u CD \ \u gg => CO •fc* \ ° 8 £r \\ "=P°O Q \pVo oCJ1 rp Cn o 1—J CO O --. Deflection o Deflection o o o 1 100 1 s .055 E (—1 i QQ o O 03 w 03 ro CD O \ mS o \\& CO — >Si o s CO \ b ro V £13 7g^ _ A P O \§ 77o" (O t2 So o 7T I rt m — CASEI CASE2 0.3 T o.; 0.3 T 0.2291 0.202 c .1758! o .159 o "5 o 4— CD a Q o.o 0.0 100kg ' 200kg ' 300kg ' 400kg ' 500kg ' 100kg ' 200kg ' 300kg ' 400kg ' 500kg ' (a) Case 1^3 (cm) (b) Case 2^ (cm) -259- 3mm<>J -260- 1. PSDRS KALIMERoM Auxiliary Cooling System)^ ^(PSDRS: Passive Safety Decay-heat Removal System) . PARS(Performance Analyzer for RHR System)-fe KAL1MER PSDRS ^^# ^-1*> yfi^ 5J 7}l^"i(P & ID)# (1) PSDRS ^ S3.1.1 -261- JS:3.1.1 Specification for the flow and thermal parameters of the air path(rev. 2) {.table :*) panmun StCll Ailo^-cd Allows m cas ii r Cl I'.Jl" Name D^criptio 11 raisgc'-' CairpaTh . C't Total C •_•• th c i-.i.r puth ftom inl^t/"! .•••• p.. i;-- \ 01.3 fix. •«! •o th;; ouil ]-\)l LC'J till' i\ \v i ale 7.0 -••20% V (1- IULIX) V: inverse riV S • » -1110% ** II Su^y.fiitL-d valut. the *iiJuv susw.csici.) in rtiis (EOCU'IICJM, nil Utft rcquircniciils me r,e\ biis^fl on ilic sst ofihc sre ':} A Ho wed adjust V.I? tvmij.e : The raiije oE'iViC. p^r-Tiucrrcr v;ilnc rtdjusrabUi il rcqinrcd for rcrs fiic.il iiy mamitacrnrijip and consrn /-; AI3c:*tV-2tl mcMs. ^rrnr : AIic»wcd error m I he tiic;usurcnii;nt of tlic parajii'jk-r aficr coiisiructicn of (lie faciJilv ^1 Cptriiiioii range; The mii^v of u p;ii';jUn;lLT lo hi; iLdjuSi'-tl'couU'ollcJ nl ihc run of oxpeniuvLil , A /' i ( -262- .5-3.1.2 Required measurements-temperature(rev. 1) (Table 9) Parameter and location No of Required Allow Remark meas. meas. able Description Location locations range meas. No in Fig. (Q*r*z) [C] error 4 lc.l 1. Sodium Temperature 450-700 0.5 - Core exit . Active cere 1 (2*2-l)*l .Core assembly 2 0 - Annular aap between core 3 ?*[*•'? barrel and U1S - Upper plenum 4 2*3*1 -Annular channel . inlet 5 4*1*1 .exit 7 4*1*1 .medium 6 2*1*3 - Lower plenum it 4*1*2 - Temperature transition 9 2*1*2 region - Core inlet 10 (2*2- n*i 2. Structure Surface 0.5 Caution: Temperature Avoid the radiation heat effects. - Core barrel .Inside? Outside-core region 11 (2*1*2)*2 450-700 .Inside/Outside-above core 12 (2*1*2)*2 450-700 - Pool Baffle .Inside/Outside 13 0 450-700 - Reactor Vessel .Inside / 14-1 2*1*4/ 450-700 .Outside 14-2 2*1*4 450-700 - Containment Vessel . Outside 15 .2*1*4 350-550 - Air scparator(Inside) 16-1 2*1*4 0-200 (Outside) 16-2 2*1*4 0-200 -263- (2) oj ^ 168 points o)t\. : 117kW : 450~700°C : 20~200°C : 0. 2~20m/sec .M. -^j'Sofl X|~§-5] i=- -^ ^ •^J'^l ~ ^L"?]3 1 l'^fl'M ^-•^=- ^l"-^}' -SJ"*-*] test reactor, cold & hot air duct, sodium storage tank, cold trap system (4) ^1 PSDRS ^r 10kg/cm2o]t:K (7}) Test Reactor (11^3.1.2, ZL^3.1.3 Test reactor(1200 mmID x 2200mmL)fe - core : 8" SCH10 x 540mmL - UIS : 6" SCH40 x 1170mmL - IHX & baffle : 434 mmID/738 mmOD x 869mmL -264- *\s^«sir^j^ Hot Air Cold Air 800-Air-102 2. Siiucrure& Platform Hfl 3. Duci& Pipe Support -I. Insulalion 5. igWJH : EMF. EMP. Suction Heater 6. Pilot tube flowmcier & XI - upilrcam: 25D . 1.1 PSDRS -265- -• Casing -• Air Separator • Containment Vessel Reactor Vessel Baffle ZLQ3. 1.2 -266- > 1200 (ID), 1210(OD) A 1040 (ID) A 890 (ID), 900(OD) 6 830 (ID) 4 732 (ID) 4 440 (ID) 6" pipe, SCH40 LG(H/L): 1/2"O/F Drain 70 70 •\^N/\A^V^\/V-'\/**_ft^JfV Nozzle ! I I O'i 100 CM j 46 OD146 I £• I I i fc I I tt t : t I I I 6' I 4 542 1" Feed/Drain 1" Feed/Drain -267- - reactor vessel : 830 mmID x 2200mmL - containment vessel : 890 mmID x 2200mmL - air separator : 1040 mmID x 2200mmL - casing : 1200 mmID x 2200mmL UIS# *fl£]*]- reactor vessel i-fi^ofe 4r§-o] ^e.n^, core ^ 4-8 .5. TH^SM &-fe core barrel i|«M ^ 150<=^ 7fl£] heater# reactor ^B] 4# Sodium Storage Tank ^r 98°CO]3L, test reactor^ storage tank(1000 mmID x 3500mmL)oiI ^|^*fn|, ^lujf-f-ofl^^ &%• -§- HH Hg1 ufl-f-^1 300°C suction heater# ^*1*1-JL, JE.7)- 80°C test reactorS. test reactor ^ 4;# , IE*} reactor vessel^- containment vessel -*.j-o]ofl.£ 71, ^^JnOJJEigH. ^^.^ -T-^5]^, #5J]i:O]JEl«.l- ^M 4 (e» Cold & Hot Air Duct {H^3.1.4 % 3.^3.1.5 branch duct# ^i^'St'H forced draft fan^- ?§• Cold air duct# ^•^|- -268- *Duct -*H§ : SUS 304 - T«il : 3 mm o o oo Q O o o o 105 A OD950 O O o OD 800 i 2:1 Ellipsqidal Head -JI J- -269- 1 1 1 1 1 1 3500 I ~+~[ 3500 Y^~ -+ 1 +- - 1 ^J L 1 1 ?000 1 3000 i 1 1 1 1 2500 _j_ 1 JJ 1 II \ \ 1 iit I 2000 2000 J 1I ni li i 1 1 i i 1 ^00 i 1500 i 1000 1 \ \ \ = =m \ \ \ \ 500 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ i \ =m \ \ 1 \ i o /~~~~— Viton-ring Gasket 4= i *- -270- separator-^- ^14°] S. t]; casing^- *§S. containment vessel ^- ^ hot air ductS. Cold Trap System cold trap(l2" SCH10 x OUU TTITTI* • /*S* bloweric. -t Cold trap^l 7fl? HiJ3.1.62f Sodium Tray sodium tray(800 nunW x 500 mmD x 300 mmH)# (4) 3/4" O]AOV^ (fitting)^ gj -§-^ 7H^# #^14. , 4 ^ SUS 304 3l6(seamless 316 stainless pipe)# -271- Cold trap*! -272- S *|7l(pipe hanger)!- 4 test reactor^- 5/100 4 M drain-g- Instrument 7) *]*H ^oj ^j^ ^^>«4fe HOT Film ofl ^]*1 ^-7] K-type PSDRS - P & ID of the PSDRS test facility - PSDRS ^^^] ^^]£.^ • Cut view drawing of the test reactor • Section drawing of the test reactor •Duct drawing (top/bottom) • Detail drawing of the core •Detail drawing of the reactor upper part(IHX & baffle) -273- Detail drawing of the reactor lower part Detail drawing of the reactor and containment top(UIS) Detail drawing of the reactor and containment vessel Detail drawing of the air separator and casing Schematic drawing of the cold trap Schematic drawing of the vapor trap Schematic drawing of the gas filter -274- 2. 7\. 7fl.fi. ] -(test section)^. - 70 °C, *l:2.«fHJ: 3 mVmin). .2.1, 3.2.2]. 37fl£) ^^^-fe ^^^^ ^^iHorizontal T.S. ), ^}*il- ^^^-(Vertical T.S. ), HZ] 3. ^j^l ^^-f-(Assembly T. S. ) tank), ^ ^ 3.2.3^ 44 (1) (7V) 1500mm, ^-o)^ AVfj- ^^V^- ^j-o} 4000mm o)u}. ^o) 200mm*l -275- F : Flow Meter L : Level Gage P : Pressure Transducer A P: DP Meter S : Accelerometer T : Thermocouple -276- ! m ] JJ a nr I innn ! an=. i -277- '?-\ ^3.2.3 -278- mm 4^3.2.1 -279- Level switch holder(2ea) / — - 60 — 1/8" top- Cooler outlet- iS", 5kg Flan. Horizontal bundle test - (4", 5kg Flange) Charging line(l" lap>- -Vertical bundle test 1 (5". 5kg Flange) 1/4" tap' Assembly test((5", 5kg Flange)- Tempcrature tap(l/B" Lap) 'ressure tap(l/4" tap) ange(«>1.600. tlO. 12*16) r Charging line(J" tap) Level switch holder Horizontal bundle te5t(4" Assembly lest(6") -Vertical bundle tnst(5") Cooler outlet(2'" Bypass line r-Thermooouple(l/8" tap) Main heater(6" 1 Main pump J /Thermocouple(2ea, 1/8" tap) Cooler inlet / '\ Main pump (2". 5kg Flange) " "(6", okg Flange) 3"»2" Reducer- -9"*6" Reducer -Bypass line(3". 5kg Flange) -280- 3.3. SUS304 51^ 8"X6" BJI-?H( reducer )# *l*l*f&4. 1000mm 7\<&7]7\ ^h ^7)>H >g*]2g 7f^7l^, 6", 1501b ANSI # 1000mm, ^-7]}^ 38kg, -g-^^- 20kW 3"X2" Freon/Water *-J47]S] 2000m 2" ^^; ^-#9-^1 <2^}^h S«> 2000mm , 2600mm &M ^^H ^^1 60mm*l 1" ^.^, 2300mm 1/8" ^, ZL 1/4" ^o] 44 200mm 2 7fl^ 1/8" 200mm ^ 400mm Q^JL 2 7fi K ojttfl fe OMEGA S^ LV-102 float S (Pump) fe 6", -fe 5", 307] -L^3.2.3). anchor^. . o| ^H^^ 380V HOkW (Damper) riffle^ 3^ 0.5^ o] )°.$. #0)7] i|^ 216.3mm, 200mm, ^o| . 8" sf6|S ^ wire mesh7|- ^H^^14. Wire mesh^ %±g., ±S&^ 0.2mm°! SUS304 wire-i- SUS304 ^ofl ^j^ 5mm, s]*] 10mm -281- Level switch(2ea) 1/4" tap (Pressure) 5", 16kg Flange-^ 6", 16kg Flange (0305, t24, 12»25)X_ Inlet -• i-i — -f Outlet 1/4" tap(gas line) " tap (Pressure) B", 16kg Flange (0350, t26, 12*25) -Gas line f—60—- (1/4" tap, O.D.20) / / -uo \ V ! \ -Level switch holder ', £\" tap .5" reducer > \ Level switch holder / \ Screen (019B, t3, 05, pitchlO) SUS304 Wire mesh (00.2, TD95) Welding 8"x6"xo" Tee 8"x8"x6" Tee Outlet -8", sch.4O(0216/02OO) 1/2" tap(O.D.3O) -282- h Wire mesh-^- ^a^ ^M ^°1^ 320mm ^ 534mm ±£°M, nflq^HS. . 1900mm 1/4" ^o| -SditlSl^l, ^f- ^6«fe (1/4"), *f^- ^ofl^- drains *j*> ^(l/2")o} ^^5)^4. o] (ej-) nim^c. (Manifold) *lM#H-b ~B-BoM] Ao^ ^ *l^-ofl 44 I7fl*| ^|513., Manifold No. 1 ^l Manifold No.2^ *}^ofl ]7] ^* lfe OMEGA 3-^iS. -T-^ol 3", 2.5", 1 Til H^ 6 -H No.2<^fe drain-g- (a}) ^|47] (Freon/Water cooler) 82.5kW 7}$} -8-^*1 ^S^}7} 4^ ^-foflfe cfl7lS.5] -283- 6", 18kg Flange (0350. t26. 12*25) ^ a; }"Cap 4", ]6kg Flange 3", 16kg Flange 2", ifikg Flange (0225. 1.22, 8*23) («200. 120, 8*23) (0200. 120, 8'S3) Manifold N0.1 2.5". 16kg Flange 3". 16kg Flange/ i". 16kg Flange 5", i6kg Flange 6". 16kg Flange —— 2"-1" Reducer r - 4". 16kg Flange t-eO-^—143- 1" Iap(D40) Manifold NO.2 3.^ 3.2.6 -284- (2) 344(90° , 75° , 60° , 45° , 30° ) ^, 57fl 30° 01 ^4-^51 ^^-f^ HU3.2.7i|- $] $1^-8: 3^-^>(bundle inlet, bundle center, bundle outlet)^*] ^mfe 1000mm ^o]^ ^- sight glass)^ (7f) -n-^-f-iinlet section) ^ -n-#-f-(outlet section) : 114.3mm, 3mm, ufl^5j -^ 121.9mm, -feo] 203. 100mm 4^^4-T-el 57H^1 ^a-^l-i- 10mm -285- i: O i t i. 1 K •J. 3f 7. _ ;_ : _=.oT I / / •r y ^> s ^J L oooi 2 CDS 2 60S 108SOO MI DDOil '> ;>OQOOCC > o o (0 i—>c-oooo OOOOOoC >OODDOooooocC • >ODOOOooooodsl ; soooooc : '000000] o '• 3OOOOO5 o y. >ooooo; ii:; :socoooo CO 0 0 0s •i OOOOaoooooO 0c , >ooooo000000c 30° -286- ?tR~1TT I i il *T' / I \ Screen oea SU33D4 / 100.CI U5.0N (elo. p!5. t3. c ta B lar triangular array) \ pfa n [' " \ Li Side View- 162.6 57.4. 1/6" tap •5 ti A-A' Top View B-B' -287- %• 1000mmo)i:}. ^*HU 44 ojfe 500mm oju}. ^tflt- >g*l*}7l $R> 1/8" 1/8" ^3)- *HT-^ ## draintrj-7] ^]*V 1/2" ^ (bundle section) plate)2f HfT^^(bottom plate) ^Aov^ 012.7mm 1157fl (10X6 + 44 -8-^-S. plate) 30° «1 ^^Ife H^3.2.103i 4 JM 4^ 100mm, 44 ^s 47i|£| 1/8 100mm, 4°l 80-100mm 1/8" BJ|f£| ^^1-b ^)^H, ZLQ3.2.7S] A-A' 44 3mm #i -288- 500.0 , 47_0 i 1/8" Lap Gas^ vcn-_ (1/B" tap) MIO volt/:.'*—« t3J) • _ 121,0 _ J J Drain (1/2" pipe) 12S.0 ! Flange 212 0 Side View Flange L.-sec.c_. 7.4 168.6 TO i/i 3 tap i N=i—--—— JA! _ A' i 5 veni ••' !AZ9 Drain (a: boitom) (1/2 pipe) A- A' B--B! Top View -289- 1.6CCX 30° -290- Top(or Bottom) Plate Rod Installation o dF Tap (1/8". IIOOQ) Righ; Plate dP Tap Installation 30° -291- 497.3 •"3.5 ! Topfor Bottom) Plate ', Red Bundle [C12.7) \ Bod Biirdie Top(or BoUom) Plate Rod Installation I8C0.0 73.2 tOO.O 75.2 8.9J ,. 200.0 : 542.2 i/3" tap/ 621.5 Righ: Plate dp Tap Installation 45° ) -292- loOO.O 536-4 ; ••--Q *-~~-. J..U G^Q__^O 1 JoxoxSScgSgSgcScxogSSo .1.6.4.. _ .. 1-1.7 Bundle (812.7) ^ Range Top(or Bottom) Plate Rod [r.staH&tion _ _ _ 1:00.0. ___Ji'}ItnM?. ->i _jon n . I '(-4f/* - p \ dF T.ip(l/3") 339,5 2.00 0 3B.EL5 ; :/3" tap ieht. Plate Installation 60° -293- Toc(or Bottom) Plate Rod Installation U-.il : P ; \ dP Tap!l/6") dp Tap installation 11^3.2.14 75° ) -294- ______ 324 C __.___. Top(or Bcttcm) Plate USM^ g \ Rod Bur.dle (012.71 tod Bundle Top(or Bottom) Plate Rod Installation , ___ r -U K • • '• L° \ dP Ta ->[l/3") \ _— _2QQ..O \ 4|7.7 l/B" Lap/ J7____ 573 5 Right Plate dP Tap Installation 90° -295- sight glass) ^ 100mm, 7_|o| 900mm^ -8-B|#(sight glass)# 3 3 -£6 25mm, -M 7mml^*o^^-b 70mm ^^^-^- M5 ^4 #M# 7j# ^ Si (3) fe O.l8nf/min , 3 fl(support) -296- «. 857fl# *> 1/8" meter 400mm, 600mm, 2000mm ^ 2500mm 1/8 47fl# . °1 °] 5" fe 90 1/4" 8"X5" 100mm 10mm ?^A 5" SUS304 10mm, 15mm (rod bundle support) 9-^\h (Z>12.7mm 500mm ^ 2500mm 3mm, ^ 5mm ^=>^. 211.5mm, vfi^ 205.5mm 1.0mm ^1 #£..§. ZL ^-^- wire mesh# 500mm (4) -b 0.3~3.0mVmin, -297- Gas vent Flange (1/B~ tap, 8ea) (a". °kg) Outlet 1/8' \bocbocooc / VJ.L- ) o o c o o o c vQ COO O O O/ A- A' Support A (triangular / t wire mesh. / j Rod Bundle Support -298- fe 450kgofl ^fe Bundle Test Assembly(ZL^3.2.17)if Lower Plenum (ZL^3.2.18) il #-M 5il-fe Upper Plenum( HL^3. 2.19) (7f) Bundle Test Assembly Bundle Test Assembly^ #ol - 6^^ 160Hex tgEH^l #o] 168Hex ^K a^lb 41 ^ ^^m #^I^]^ ^.-^g-<>l^>H S*> Lower plenum^ <^^*fe -g-HS. 4*^^}. ^^^-^Ife 1671^5] ^^ofl ^^ ^ ^Tfl iJLcfl^- ZL^3.2.203q- ^T:}. u|f^ 187mm, ^<^1 100mm 27fl*q M20 ^# ^V-i-3. o] ^^2} assembly 9.5X46. 5 X 100mm ^># #^ Lower Plenum Lower plenum^ H^]3.2. Assembly!- ^ SS o| JjL$^ assembly^ o}sj{ ^ ^]if 7^ ^ ^^5]7)] 7^-*^t:f. 12 1/8" ^ol 27fl 1J 30mm, 2]o]J= 60mmc>lt:K 60° S. 343 ^ assembly*] ^*1*H o] 40)0)] 5B^# \d3. assembly^] ^-^^ 7)1 24mm Upper Plenum -299- : « A-J_ vvv S ion secition "B"-"B' -300- tzznszz. S IT Deta , a*. '.&<:: .2.18 Lower Plenum -301- 1/8' Tsplside k beck) I ipnn 160 Hex Detail A Upper Plenum -302- -303- Upper Plenum^ ZL^3.2.19£f assembly^} ^Z}7} 7}^}7\] ^*}&t\. Assembly^ «m 8" E)if g £ *HMI O-Ring# 6" 1/8 leading wire# 1/4" ^ O-Ring-§- ^ plenum^ -g-^ OL 20mm 127%$] (5) (7}) (?216X5080mm) anchor ^ 7171 2. 4 4 (P6.4fflm(l/4" tube) ^ 80mm >iBfltl^>i -304- -305- -306- 433.2.4 -307- ] 300mm 4 3711, 37fi, 57)1). 44 4 rain) -*§*) E-2, 4 4 ^ 4 1/8" 8711, 8711, 0]} 4 ^cr 55mm ^ 300mm7f .4mm lHS oj 3)5. # Tfl, 1^ 27H51 ^.^, 197B^ power!- ?|f -308- KALIMER .2.2^: Jt>y^ a^-S-^o] 39.80 KALIMER t^3] ^W^-i. B} ^^|^.^.s.^ ii^^j t:}. KALIMER ii^^l ^ ^i^l ^^7o^K>ol ^ 0.56 MPa^l ^J&S. ^7>5]5ic|- (3.2.1) O»0: -MS) Pav'- • A: 3.2+0.66ai ai= ^#^] Re: ellol^ 30° oM 90 0.01-0.03 m3/s5. ^ ^-f, *> 0.13-5.96 ^g-f ^^1 Idelchik^ O]^A1[3.2.5]# -309- .2.1 d/4) ...,,, ...... &*r :7\7\ 3tS:?ii:: I , OMEGA 0.3- 10- 0- -fr^l Fl Turbine FLSC-28 0.5% R FTB-111 4.55 I /s 40 Vdc 5 Vdc I , OMEGA 1.9- 10- 0~ $-%$) F2 Turbine FLSC-28 0.5% R FTB-110 30.3 I /s 40 Vdc 5 Vdc I , OMEGA 3.0- 10- 0- F3 Turbine FLSC-28 0.5% R FTB-106 49.3 I /s 40 Vdc 5 Vdc I OMEGA OMEGA 0~ 115- 4 — *}<&$ ^ PI R Transducer Power 0.5% PX750-06DI 1500 Pa 120 Vac 20 mA Supply 12 Vdc OMEGA OMEGA 0~ 115- A — *P2 R Transducer Power 0.2% PX750-30DI 7500 Pa 120 Vac 20 mA Supply 12 Vdc OMEGA OMEGA 0- 115- 4- *P3 T? Transducer Power 0.5% PX750-06DI 1500 Pa 120 Vac 20 mA Supply 12 Vdc OMEGA OMEGA 0~~ 115- 4- iP4 Transducer Power 0.5% H PX750-06DI 1500 Pa 120 Vac 20 mA Supply 12 Vdc OMEGA OMEGA 0- 115- 4- AP5 R Transducer Power 0.2% PX750-30DI 7500 Pa 120 Vac 20 mA Supply 12 Vdc OMEGA OMEGA 0~ 115- 4- *P6 R Transducer Power 0.5% PX750-06DI 1500 Pa 120 Vac 20 mA Supply 12 Vdc OMEGA 0- OMEGA 115- 4- *P7 R Transducer PX750-750 186.5kP Power 0.2% 120 Vac 20 mA DI a Supply 12 Vdc OMEGA 0- OMEGA 115- 4~ *P8 R Transducer PX750-150 37.3 Power 0.2% °d^ 120 Vac 20 mA DI kPa Supply 12 Vdc OMEGA 0- OMEGA 115- 4~ *P9 R Transducer PX750-100 24.9 Power 0.2% 120 Vac 20 mA °J^ HDI kPa Supply 12 Vdc OMEGA OMEGA 0~ 115- 4~ *P10 R Transducer Power 0.2% a PX750-30DI 7500 Pa 120 Vac' 20 mA J^ Supply 12 Vdc OMEGA Sr-a-Tll OMEGA 0~ 115- 4~ *P11 R Transducer Power 0.5% PX750-06DI 1500 Pa 120 Vac 20 mA Supply 12 Vdc -310- .2.1 , 2/4) ••••••:• ••:,;..•.-•. • .- w §ff$j§| iiii 0- 18- 4~ 2-wire PI I Transducer MGXT-2000 0.5 % 0.5 Bar 36Vdc 20 mA #4 0- 18- 4- 2-wire P2 I Transducer MGXT-2000 0.5 % 13 Bar 36Vdc 20 mA "J-^l 0.02- 1.5 V -5~ P3 R Transducer WES111A21 482A16 0.002 psi, 100 psi 5 Vdc BNC 0.02- 1.5 V -5- •y-^i P4 R Transducer WES111A21 482A16 0.002 psi, 100 psi 5 Vdc BNC 3- 1.5 V -5~ 0.006g 7}^S3] SI R Transducer V352A10 482E09 10000 Hz 5 Vdc peak, BNC q 1.5 V -5~ 0.006 g S2 R Transducer V352A10 482E09 10000 Hz 5 Vdc peak, BNC 3- 1.5 V -5- 0.006 g 7 #£3) S3 R Transducer V352A10 482E09 r 10000 Hz 5 Vdc peak, BNC 3- 1.5 V -5~ 0.006 g S4 R Transducer V352A10 482E09 10000 Hz 5 Vdc peak, BNC 3~- 1.5 V -5~ 0.006 g S5 R Transducer V352A10 482E09 10000 Hz 5 Vdc peak, BNC 3 ~ 1.5 V -5- 0.006 g S6 R Transducer V352A10 482E09 10000 Hz 5 Vdc peak, BNC 1 ~ 1.5 V -5~ 0.01 g S7 R Transducer W353B15 482E09 10000 Hz 5 Vdc peak, BNC «•*!)* 1 ~ 1.5 V -5~ 0.01 g S8 R Transducer W353B15 482E09 10000 Hz 33*1 5 Vdc peak, BNC -§•*!!¥ 1 ~ 1.5 V -5~ 0.01 g 7\^s.n S7 R Transducer W353B15 482E09 10000 Hz 33*1 5 Vdc peak, BNC 1- 1.5 V -5~ 0.01 g 7}^A S8 R Transducer W353B15 482E09 10000 Hz 33*1 5 Vdc peak, BNC OMEGA, AC LI I Float type on/off - AC - LV-102 on/off OMEGA, AC L2 I Float type on/off - AC - LV-102 on/off OMEGA, AC =r#31 L3 I Float type on/off - AC - LV-102 on/off OMEGA AC L4 I Float type on/off - AC - ,LV-102 on/off -311 .2.1 , 3/4) ; B$f SSI if:;::|:||if|t:::.i.;'i;:i::: 0~ ££7i] Tl i kjype T.C. TJ36-316G-12 - °C ±0.5°C CASS type 100 °C - 0~ 20kW ^ VC1 I gate 1SW- 2" - - on/off - 571SJ- ^^^1-f- •fia. VC2 I gate >aw. 2" - - on/off - 7fl3^1 3-°], 571 -312- S3.2.1 , 4/4) :.V; «;:::;::•;•;:••:•:•••:•:: :: if: fpf; III! : .: y • MM SI iiiiliiliHHB gate if H_ V7 6" on/off i a) « - - - i67i-a- if U_ gate V8 i if y_ 4" - - on/off - 57]°d- gate fW- V9 5" on/off i if B. - - - 57]°0- gate |f f Jfe V10 6" on/off i if H. - - - 57i-a- gate drain valve, |f f lif e VD1 - 1" on/off if W_ - - - 571 <& gate drain valve, if H_ VD2 - 1" - - on/off - gate drain valve, if t!_ - VD3 ifH. 1" - - on/off - gate y drain valve, |f f lif e VD4 - if a. A" - - on/off - 167] °d- gate drain valve, |f f lif e VD5 - 1" on/off if &_ - - - i67i -a- gate drain valve, if H_ VD6 - on/off W - - - 1671 # ball air valve, |f f lif e VD7 - on/off if H_ Vs" - - - 167] >a- ball air valve, if M_ VD8 - %" on/off if H_ - - - 571-a- ball air valve, |f f lif e VD9 - on/off •a a ys- - - - 571 °J- a-—- OMEGA 3* 220 V 0- 220 0-20 71-17] - Ci , I power TMIS- T2 £!;£.§. $\°] 20 kW - Vac kW - 1220L/3P power indication 0.5- 0.5-60 •ytfl&i 60 Hz/ 380Vac, Hz < i% 0-3 nf/s, - Ci , I MTS 0- 0-110 1271 -313- 2.2 : 0.075 MPa, C+D: 0.083 MPa) Reactor Type ALMR(MPa) MDP(MPa) KALIMER(MPa) Outlet A* 0.019 C Assembly Bundle 0.25 0.175 0.399 0.278 0.509 0.426 Inlet B* 0.102 Orificing Module 0.054 0.042 0,052 Total 0.304 0.441 0.S6J -314- (3.2.2) , kbun: A: *H(2500 mm) D,,: 6)0= 0.01-0.04 0.12-1.86 KALIMER (1) ^s. 61 3.7M 25 ANSYS Beam3 -315- / \ ^3.2.21 -316- receptacle ^ ^^^ handling socket pad -f-g-ofl ^^| *15)o] \. ANSYS 3.B.*11 uff#3 *Kf*l**1H ^*tf>7\ <% 6.4Hz 2*} ^ ^] 3*} (2) clustered cylinders)*] pling) AS KALIMER ^luf. ZL^3.2 H^S( mount ing railH] , keyway -f-g-o] hole^ ^^# ^>3. ^7] 4^- %7%2L££: XY 3 1 A ] guided-free, YZ g g o -AS.fe- hinged-free7]- s^uf. ?!•§• JE^-H *fl^-i- ^*|^7] ^l^flA-] ANSYS 1 ANSYS SHoff^ ^1^-^j-fe pipel6 B1J, ^^. mass effects 4 f ^ 0.76 -317- I / >1 6.4 Hz{1 st) 25.7 Hz(2 nd) 65.7 Hz(3 rd) n^3.2.22 ^ n. -318- Top End Cap Free • Cladding Tube Gas Plenum — - Sodium Bond Fuel Slug >—•x Wire Wrap Bottom End Cap - Key Way XY: Higed, YZ: Guided -319- S3.2. 3 Guided-Free Hinged-Free Mode Frequency Frequency Number (Hz) (Hz) 1st - 0.7633 2nd 2.7883 6.0570 3rd 8.8930 13.1602 4th 17.0086 21.5289 5th 28.1383 36.0039 -320- \ \ 6.06 Hz 2.79 Hz 3 4 0.76 Hz j Rigid | Motion 1 XY: Hinged-Free, YZ: Guided-Free) -321- 8.89 Hz 13.16 Hz J: 17.01 Hz 21.53 Hz J 0.^3.2.25 (JL*h XY: Hinged-Free, YZ: Guided-Free) -322- KALIMER ^ 6 kPa, ^^]>tl#^ ^4-^Ife ^^ <% 1.86 uf. KALIMER «?^S^^I ^jH uH-f-^ «.^} ^2f, ^<^Sxj^|o| ^^,| tfsj^^Kg- 4f 0.561 MPa^H, ^<^5.-§-^ 71 ^- i-^-xi^.^^ ^ 0.76 -323- 3. 7\. a) £ 2 -324- section) 7] ^^single wall) ^^^3f ol^^(double wall) Groove^ 24.5mm, ir l000~4000mm 1/10 -325- £- 300kW ^HK ^^^r ^4 ^7liHM ^3. 15071 717} ^ ^- 5000mm Groove^- eater rod) #4 7|- 711 • ic, /mm, ^l^l i-n '=j>s "I'S'1 -l.o power/rod •' 1—10 kW 0.01-0.04 nf/s 400-500 °C -326- (0° , 45° , 70° , 90° ) : W121.9 x H203.2 mm T?-4 : W140.8 x H203.2 mm (^^^ ^ 7^71 ^) : 6x13 n (137fl) ^ (^!^^ ^ 7} 7]- (3) (7f) -§-71 4-§-W. o] fel^ o| -327- o) tjj 44011 -so>: 0.03 nf/s, 4i# £rJE: 300-550 °C ^JT-^: W100 x H500 x L1000 mm : 50 mm, Inlet nozzle : 17J1, outlet nozzle : 37lj (4) Tee Mixing ^. ^^- E] (Tee) Cold Trap 15O°C ^S^ ^4 -328- Mixing Tee 4^ ^^( Mixing Tee ; 0.01-0.04 irf/s, 300~350°C : 0.001-0.004 irf/s, 450~500°C (4" pipe)<^] 3.*- tifl^d.25")o] (5) ^o]AovB|[(transient state 7171 o] ^-§r -g-7l7> -329- : 702mm : 2.5mm = 5% nl level 300mm 150°C 7] : 20 sec : 300-600°C 4 ^ 4 4 7H 47jf -330- #lfl )H^ 40-50kW V. Tee Mixing H?W HW (0.04nf/s)£| ^t#^ J2.£ ^^( fe 300kW-g- ^-|2]-7l7} JL-^r «1|3H-fe 300kW 40-50kW ^§S.3] 7l- (1 (600°C) ^l^^ol^L, # sodium storage tankH (sodium expansion tank)7} ^^]^ l-fe- -§"^EJ-3-(sodium supply tank) -331- 1. Swage Tut 2. Cold Tup 3. Cooler 4. EM Ftameter 5. EM Pump 6. Sodiiim Supply Tank 7. Main Halo 8. Air Compressor 9. Gas Filter 10. Small Heater 11. Tea Section H 12. Test Section! U.EspmsiaiTuk 14.H , Detector lS.DutributioDTBnk 16. Upper Header 17. Lo»tr Header 18. Steam Header 19. Water Header 21.RcutiMi Product p 22. Ftowineter 23. Water Supply Tank 2S] Water Surge Tank 26. Steam Dump Tank 27.C«>Jen» 2S.OriSce 29. SaBy Valve 30. Vapor Top 31RCi -332- S, ^7} -l^r %AoVt§(annular type) l^ 7} ^!<>i7l(cold trap) Tfl-^^r i , ^471 (air cooler) 6 -g-o] E|3.(reaction product dump tank)if ^-§-A|^-i" ^-5]7](reaction product separator )SL 4-f^ 500°C ^^7l# 250°C 300 kWatt ^-eo> (at 0.134 kg/sec)AS. £ 145 7l ^ 10-145 7J6J-, -H- -333- (2) Tee Mixing A-1^ ^-^-^3.(sodium supply tankH ^-b 7l- supply tank)<^l line)2j- -334- 1. Storage tank 2. Cold trap 3. Vapor trap 4. EM flowmeter 5. EM pump(small) 6. EM pump(large) 7. Sodium supply tank 8. Heater 9. Cooler 10. IHX teat section ll.Mtributiontank 12. Expansion tank 13. Surface test section 14. Tee test section 15. Ratcheting test chamb 16. Collecting chamber 17. Small cooler -335- Iflssm ten Jl ton, jrik 14. 7C njprpcirt Bundle test 1-6 Xn * II J (t(m-.'i".4!/j Side vi Healer and T.C. installation etSU, a«agdtflc BWag Bundle test 7(6=0) Cross-sectional IHX -336- Elding Poir.t B .-—7 • B'——| View A-A' View B-B' (T.C Positon at Wall) (T.C PosiLon al Wall) From Healer (45O'C,31/s) Vies C-C" View D-D' (T.C Posilon) (Local Velocity Posilion) 5/ ^ from Cooler \ (35O'C.301/s) AT SCIMO (od IK.3. id. 102.3) H^]3.3.4 Tee Mixing -337- Air Operated Valv -339- (bundle)2f 90° , 75° , 45° 37}f# a., 7> 4 ^t ^4 ^ «P12.7n»nol3. fe 20.3mm au, ^: 114.3mm, 3mm, 121.9mm, ^o| 203. *1^K 444 ^^- 100mm sl# 10mm ^V^^-S. 010mm, -340- 15mm pi ate) 4 y}^s>( bottom plate) o 6\] 7l(heater rod) 137flif 367H7f ^±^ jt||^x| 5atf. *«. ^^^fe ^#ofl «^*1 ^#51^ ^ ^ 012.7mm -g-# «V^S. 35. o) ^^A-j 7f 90° 2.4nf/min «. 857H1- 8"X5" ^ 10mm 4 5" -341- SUS304 ^?H 4^ 10mm, o] 50mm SUS 3045. 367J1) {c}) Mixing Tee 600mm *l-#ofl^ ^-fHgOO 4/s), 3.^r(450°C)-^ -fc#o] 1.25" multipoint ^ swagelok type fitting^ -342- cooling tube coil ^ 9\M\7\ wire mesh- 316 25.5mm, ^fl 3mm, ^o| 54000mm) , 4 . oj ixfef -343- .3.1 • IHX tHiS t^l-^- IHX 3 Tee Mixing • Tee HH ^oi| AH; a| tF# ^MIT-^AHTJl • NONSTA 7iei^a • ELB03D • ^^ »eiiysi £t A^ SS||a • SURFA • a#oi| °|gt tggsi • NONSTA • SXI-M ^321 S-^71 71^1^-2^711 • NONSTA -344- 71 71$ ^uf[4.1-4.3]. SOFIRE LMFBR ^ SCOOL <>l-8-*H -345 2. .10-4.13]. *> -346- T-103 S-107 T-102 S-106 SoGhjm 01 SocSum Oil Sucdy Traopmg Reservoir TraoDing Tank Pct-2 Tank Pot-1 4.1. P&ID -347- at 9171 aJ"-§- 4^*1-71 ^lt> #71 ^-^ ^](steam generator), 4 data aquisition system, sampling system, Aj^e[ 4.1. 71 > *J •£. (min T*) n ) 300 - 530 - 0.5 - 20 0.2- 0.5 &*% 300 - 530 60 0.5 - 20 - 300 - 530 1 - 5 0.5 - 20 0.02 -o.1 (1) 1-fielS. ^ 4|-471- *H£*M ol# components^! -348- 4.2. -349- Iiner7} ^^]£|^ ^uf. ^-^1^ 3.7]} Ife door! glM 4^4} ]^ ^ *X^ is}%3. g.2% ^3} ^^-o|| light glass, sight giass# ^*1M j M H : 280 kg/cm2 (4,000 psi) : 45cm jLi] : 48m3 - Dimension(Inside) : 3x4x4 (m) - ^^ : Reinforced concrete including H-beam or Angle - Liner plate • ^fl^ : Stainless steel • ^711 : 3 mm • Lining *J*1 : ^ ^ &%} (&%, - Door • Type : Pull/Push & Sliding - Venting System -350- • Damper • ID Fan • Stack - Sight glass • Type : Wiper7f -f • Size : Glass £\% 500mm • Mm-§- '• 2kg/cm2 (2) 4i# -g-*H^ (Dissolver) Brick ^IS. 5M $1^ 4r§- -2.^^)1# -§-*Hfe -b ^l^g 30cm, ^o] 40cm, -g-Sfl^j -°-JL^-^C>1 ^ 30 g^ band heater^ < thread wire7f ^^5]^ 614. (3) 36cm, ^0] 70cmS.-H ^ 70kg£-J 4i#^l fe band heater^] ^*H 7ft, "§-g-5j«H ffe level indicator7} -' (4) -351 3 10cm, ^o| 105cm, ^a] 8 level indicator7} ^ (5) 7f>, i^ 7)]^ (6) 7f>, (7) Thermocouple portal (8) -352- 4 4 indicator7f 4&*\$\°\ $i (9) Data aquisition system d) #*]£• ^#^4AJ^^1 l^Mi ^1^1 ^^^^71, oxygen meter, thermocouple ^^.5.^-5] 4 *> 15 250 -353- 40cm, ±?°}7\ 20cm<>i blower- fe oxygen meter (panametric^h, Oxygen analyzer, XM02H thermocouple^ 4 video camera!- -354- 4.3. -355- 3. (1) (2) 3.7], Al^^-7iq 7} 1 = B Do2[g-^(TP- Te)Sc"\ * x Na-o2P o2 (3) 5a7| 4^611 i 4.2^ video camaraS %^*> . 250TC7W ^1^^ ^.^ pre-ignition -356- Reactor Pool pan Pool pan Initial O2 Sodium Sodium volumeCm ) diameter(cm) depth(cm) conc.(%) quantity (kg) temp. (°C) 1.6 245 3.2 250 48 40 20 21 4.8 248 6.4 250 8.0 246 -357- video camara 4.4^ Na202 ^^ Na207} NaOH7} 250 °C, 40cm, 4 lumped -358- (1) (5) (2) (6) (3) (7) (11) (4) (8) 4.4. -359- 60- rOSIOOn 1 n /. 3 55- 4 5 6 50- --/ = ' 7 :" %•-'"*", . '.... 8 -in IU 45- 11 #/•• 40- iyt •.- ,•:•.." , • '3^.. •••"•-. 35- 30- n $ h 25- 9 *J 20- 15- 1 1 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Time(sec.) 4.5. -360- parameter^ 4 3.7]} 4 (r( 7> - T*))Af+ A Fpga{ TP - T/)AP- (4) A, ( rr\ 4 •T* 4 i n< P ( T 4 /T> 4 pwi X .4— T 4 (5) -1 Wl x Wl r 4 7"1 4 W Tg- TJ] -361- ] 4.62} 4.7£ ^#o] 3.2kg, 4.8kg<>l :#O] 1.6kg ^^.o] i.6kg 3.2kg, 4.8kg ^ 3.2kg ^-yslSl'i- 4^f 4.8kg .^. A] 1.6kg, 3:7] ^^ ^£7^ 21*o]&i- ttfl 0.07barofl o]gj. <> -362- 60- rosiuon i / v \ / \ 4 I/ • ••• , v \ 5 / ; \ \ 6 : 50- I/ ,• _/ro"A \ \ \ \ 7 8 ; Q i I? ^^HA • \ 11/ \ '•• ^ 10 o° u>7 *J| •••. \ 11 I 40 -\ If • ' '^ \ CD •• ..____ -• f ' ^''-. \ "••••. "^ "•——. _ 30- /• / ^ ' * • i \ i 20- 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Time(sec) 4.6. -363- o o ie 40 - H 30 - 20- 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Time(sec) 4.7. -364- 4000 4.8. -365- = hA(Tg-Tw) (6) -§-714 7}>i P = CRTg (8) ^ ~ Qw « ^4^1 ^3-b 1.6, 3.2, 4.8, 6.4, t:}. ZL ;g2te=. n -366- .085 .080- .075- to CO CD s_ .070- CO CD .065- .060 Sodium quantity(kg) 4.9. -367- 4 ^ 7]*\ 7} 4 3.2, 853, 3.2kg 4.11 6.4kg ^ trfef 7^ pre-ignition 4 5] ^47} -368- Sodum quantity :4.8kg 800- If oudUmC|Uci HJly. o.^ry 600- \ 1 \ jf; \ 400- \ I i \ 200- JJ 0- 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Time(sec) 4.10. if- -369- 1000 5000 10000 15000 20000 71me(sec) 4.11. -: 6.4kg) -370- 1000 Sodum quantity :8kg -800 -600 -400 -200 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 T]me(seG) 4.12. -371- 4.13. -372- 4. (1) (2) ^ 3.7]} *> (3) (4) (5) 854° (6) 0.036bar7} -373- A : Surface area (nf) B : Proportional constant in turbulent heat transfer in Eq. (3) Br : Sodium burning rate (kg-Na/nf • s) C : Mole density of atmospheric gas (mole/nf) Cv : Specife heat at constant volume (KJ/kg • deg) D : Diffusion coeffcient in gas phase (irf/s) F : Radiative heat transfer coefficient g : Acceleration of gravity (m/s ) h : Heat transfer coefficient ( KW/nf/deg) Mg : Total mass of gas in cell (kg) m Mass flux between flame and pool (kg/nf • s) P Cell gas pressure (Pa) R Gas constant Q Combustion heat per unit combustion area (KJ/nf • s) Sc Schmidt number T Temperature (K) Volumteric expansion coefficient (K ) v Kinetic viscosity (nf/s) P Micro density {kg/nf) a Stefan-Boltzman constant (KW/irf • K4) x Stoichiometric ratio (Subscript) g : Atmospheric gas in cell (g ) : Gas phase in chemical reaction equation N2 : Nitrogen or atmospheric gas Na : Sodium : Sodium monoxide : Sodium peroxide -374- O2 : Oxygen p : Pool (s) : Solid phase in chemical reaction equation -375- 1. 1950^1} ° 7] 2. 7\. Pool 7]^-^.5. thermal, neutronic, hydraulic, compatibility ^-^ •^- -376- # ^§, NaK, ^^r, bismuth HBl^i lead ]fe ^ 8 MPa(^ 1200 psi) 7} ^-S.^ mercury u} bismuth, lead %•£ ^BO> -o.^o| igpg-) pumping povver7f Sodium/Potassium ^-"^^1 NaK ) ^7] 5. 880 °C ojJL, ^4^-^l -?2:4 ^ cladding material:^ ^S. ^^^^-o} n|| neutronic activation^] i^r alkali ^4-^^i NaCl-CaCl2 -377- 5. l Coolants Advantages Disadvantages - excellent heat transport - radioactivity (intermediate properties sodium loop employed) - low pressure system - unfavorable coolant - lowest fuel cladding reactivity void coefficient temperature - chemical reactions with air Na - potentially high breeding ratio and water - inherent emergency cooling - solid at room temperature of fuel - maintenance on primary system - extensive sodium reactor impeded by radioactivity experiences - potential for vented fuel - No intermediate loop - high pressure system - coolant not activated - high pumping power requirement - potentially high breeding ratio - cladding roughening required - visible refueling and - emergency cooling provisions maintenance not established - utilization of thermal GCR - unproven high power density He technique capability - potential for vented fuel - lack of FBR technique - potential for direct cycle - gas leakage difficult to - flooding with water tolerable control - high performance demands on pumps and valves - direct cycle - high pressure system - visible refueling and - high pumping power maintenance - cladding corrosion - industrial capability available - lack of FBR technology for components - emergency cooling provision not Steam - minimum chemical reactions established - fluid at room temperature - low breeding ratio - fission products carry over to turbine - unfavorable coolant reactivity &S.±r <% 99.5 % % 5L°H, 1^1-S.A-i n]^S\ Ca, K Slit:}. Dupont, Ethyl Corp., National Distiller & Chemical Corp. regular grade £} special reactor graded. ^ JL -378- <* 98°C expansion)AS Normal boiling pointy 881*0 G]tf, ^^SS. (thermal conductivity) 7} cfl-f ^o^ -f^^ <^^^ ^HSL i&o] 4-g-5]jI ^1 fe ^^oT# ^Jl 513., SSf ^7) A monomer if dimer7f ^%# °l^-3. $l^-&\, ^£7f o^5|^ dimer O ^S. : 260°C o]M4fe Hfl Stone p = 0.9501-2.2976X10"4t-l. 460X10"8t2+5.638X10"12t3', ( 98°C < t < 1370°C ) Thomson p = 0.9490-22.3X10"5t-l. 75X10~Y, ( ~ 640°C ) Tepper et al. p = 0.9453-2.2473X10"4t, ( 210°C < t < 1110°C ) Epstein p = 0. 9514-2. 392X10"4t -§-:zf ^^^[5.7-5.10], HW] Ewing, Hagen, Rinck, Goltsova^<^] O ^£ : 64^1 ^#^1 ^^fe -g-g-^M 400°C 7f4fe 14. 6^^1 ^#^ ^£°fl tfl*H4^. Chiong, Ewing, Grand, An AA Andrade[5.11]<>fl ^Sfl £JE£) 7 - p1/3 A ec p/T ( poise ) -379- 3 p- T&SL, T = *[tf[ £s.( A = 1.142 X 10~ C = 739.8 O J.W.Taylor^] 5l*1H O Sonic velocity : 4:#£| sonic velocity 61= 0.15 % # sonic velocity^ 2527±5 m/sec ^£i S^S]^, 6^^1 ^w^H^I sonic velocityl- ^S.$] %v^rS- ^BM^ c = 2578 - 0.52 t ( t in °C ) ( cm/sec ) 5} O (triple point)^ 97.81°C S. iJL Bridgmanofl 51 *^ ^#i| -g-g-^l ^-^1^ + 2.71 % ^-7}*}^ %£^. activity7} ^^r 24Na7f activation^ ^^1 ^^-o] <&o}x]xl ^fe t> activity7} $ -radiation^ ^-f^ ^^ o\\^^\^ 7^ %?] v^^-o\] ^-A}^ ^ 24 vf), Na if ^-o] 7- radiation^ ^^^l^lfe ^"f- high activity- 71] ^1^-513. al-^-^, *J:-§- ^^#Sfe ^i, Na20, NaOH, -380- alkali 51 Jl ( Na2O2, NaOH ^^.^ -7-^ ^^-fe, «>-§- ^S^r( react ion kinetics) -Sr^AJ- Na-O-H driving force, *}--§- B||(phase), «hg- ^]5| -?-^ ^ 3.7], 2.7) 3i£, 7}B\ Na + H2 -> i NaOH(S) ^ -g-g-^ °l NaOH + Na{additiona, m -^ Na2O + H2 o] -381- 1 w Na + H20 -* NaOH + 2//2 2 Na + H20 -* NaOH + 2 Na + H20 -•> Na2O + 2 Na + NaOH -^ Na2O -\- jvy Na + NaOH -. Na2O + Na + l_H _^ NaH Na{l) + H20{l) -+ NaOH{s) + ^ H2{g) NaOHij - 2 + -kH z 1 770K 2 Na + H20 -* Na2O + H2 Na + H,0- Na + NaOH -> A^fl2O + ±. -382- Wastage crack, pin-hole-^2]- ^^ corrosion % erosion^^ [5.17-5.18]. D| 6> erosion "self-wastage" rcfef Na + H20 = NaOH+\l2H2 = Na2O+H2 «>-§-6fl -383- ^ damage# erosion ^-tf, J£ NaOHi}- .19]. Incubaiion H,0 H,0 Hfl Hfl oorroaon $ ettxim cube failure Pin-hole •IIM»M<«»-MW!»...W...«:n.^l—». O 5.1. self-plugging 3} reopen 5. ^47] (incubation) i NaOH7} ^ Fe, NaOH7> plugging^?} -384- thermal fluctuation^} X\Q ^Q$] ^ ^ ^flHf^l^l ^£^1 4 fe re-open ^OK§- ^^ -*f#-?•*]!• «Wfe ;g self-plugging5]7ivf ]f H^. «a ^^1 transient tube7} ^%^f7f| £M Plugging^^# *f^ H>- anhydrous caustic soda(NaOH)o) metal# ^^}7\] 5)°] w NaOH7]- Fe + NaOH = Fex0y + Na20+H2 A A £-& ^-§-^1 $\n 1*} ^^## ^ ^U, ^J-S-^^l-^ Na2O-b Fei} «>-g-*l-«H x Fe+ y Na2O = Fex0y + Na Fex0y + H2 = Fe+H2O ^ 2*} »}^$- ^^£|<>1, ^^^.^^ NaOH+ Fex0y = AfeOF • Fex0y Na2O+FexOy = Na2O-FexOy |3- <>]%<>} ¥#-¥-^11- al^f[5.20]. Self-plugging (or re-open)*(#£ tube zM$] o^s] ^^# Cr5] ^*£o| ^-7]-^- ^^ wastage^ ^4-b -385- O -f-^£f SWAT-25. H^ 5. . SWAT-2- drains] fA 1300 Kg^ RV •' Reaction Vessel LD1 : H2 Detector in Sodium CT : Cold Trap LD2 : H2 Detector in Sodium MP •" Electromagnetic Pump LD3 : Hz Detector in Sodium RT : Reaction Products Tank LD4 : H2 Detector in Sodium WH : Water Heater CGT : H2 Detector in Cover gas DT : Dump Tank MH : Main Heater Hm 5.2. SWAT-2 (Sodium-Water Reaction Test)A]>k}£| ^ 2" pipeS. & 300 -386- 1/min. , i# ^^3LS] free surface -f-s]^- 200 L <^1 ^# 44, cover-gas -§-o plugging indicator7f 44 i injection nozzle^ f^j) i-§- ^ ^S.^ 44 220 atm^ 540 WM Injection nozzle-^) diameter^ 0.3-0.7 mmS. ^ ^5] 6^ injection^ ^<^| ri^ *H^ injection A}^}^ injection valve 2] openingij- closingS}-^ -Q-^- O Wastage rate 2 1/4 Cr - 1 Mo steel# )^ nozzle-target7|el7} ^ wastage rate^ ^^ ^^ cf u-]^- ^^- wastage rate# LjEfufluf injections)^ -n-^l^ phased.u} ^ 4i#^ ^£<^1 5|?> ^%^1 ^^1 3.uRr ^# i °1 #7fWl 4^ Pit ^EHIA-1 toroidal^ oj^ wastage rate7> o^ig ^t:| ^# %JL Wastage rate7f o]v$_ g\z% ^^ *|u> uf-g-^}^ ^f#^-o| ^7 ^Ao^ ^-f^Mfe^l, wastage pattern^ ^^D| toroidal . Wastage rateif ^#1:4^ ^4^ ^^ Log 2^f ^r^l S- ^fsf wastage rate^ ^H-£] exponential wastage rateif ^r## ^ 4i# ^S^f^l ^^^XH- ^-£s||je.^ 2 1/4 Cr - 1 Mo steel^ -387- L£ mm/sec, G-^r ^f## g, T^ O Wastage pattern ^^^f^ wasted^ ^>^^# trf^L^ error^ normal curved •%•*}*} tl^l, ^-t-f-^H^l^ free jet 2 = l0 e if- ^o) SAlSl^, <^7l>H i ^ «>^ r *I f^AS^ o^^ ^£ tgof depth, iofe #^6fl^i| alcfl depth, r^ #^^S-fB] 7\ , ^^ nozzle-target^i) ^ nozzle-target£$) 7]Z\7} — =0.64 G"0-53 -7-^- ^ 6TAx^, wasted^ 2 F=2^/o (f ) y if ^-o] ufEf^nf. ^f o^^4 targetl-^^ «!## Af-g-^rf^ wasted^ areail ^- O Penetration hole ^ tube failure7} ^-H. -he < -5— -388- d^ wasted Sj7] ^£] ^JEL Jf-V\], rfe shear stress, P fe internal pressure-^ uf-Efyjcf. -f] t^-^ •§- |§-n| penetration hole.2] o rR=~p~~ L 2 In (—p-) -( —) ] ^-H. walloj ^-a. failure^^ji 7|l^a}A5. wastedS] 0- failure^} ^]"^|] -^--M. wall0} deformation£)7]t-j- penetration fe gas^ I3}f ^-^l*}1^ penetration hole*] ^1^^: r(t) = f [ 2 In (l + ^-O ]" if 2) n] ^ 1962^1 12^ Fermi plant No 1 ^7 #7)^«7H1^ tube wastage ^^ o|5||7} nfl-f SJSi^K °1 4^- °]^- DEC(Detroit Edison Company)ofl> 2.7} tube failure^) ^^fi)- damage escalation^] test-l-o] ^igs]^^.!,]-, ZL ^^o] plant operation u}. ZLeflA-] USAEC( United States Atomic Energy Commission)^ APDA(Atomic Power Development Associates)^] 4i#--i- ^-§- ^AJ" ^M°\] o) protype #7}^--^7] ^^], ^^ nl ^H plants] parameter ^-g-ofl ^f-§-S|5i-b^, wastage rate APDA-b °] ^ -^-T-K 1964\1 ESADA(Empire State Atomic Development Associates)^ AI(Atomics International)^ H ^A] -^^^-6] modular type ^7]^-^ 7] ofl A-j ti^tl tube ruptured] ^Jf# ^9^7] ^]^}<^ 7|] , 1969\1 2. cfA] ESADA^ GE(General Electric)if 4i#- H# ^lt> dynamics^ ^f# ^#^] cU^> ^7^ Si testofl -389- , 197Hd USAEC-b nl^-ij LMFBR 7)^ iE.S.IL' Plant £#ofl t))^ AJS^ oi aitfl GE^ #*H APDA7} ti i- *>-§-£] o^l, propagation, public / operator / plant lii cJt*]: 7)£ ^o]^^. %^-*}7l A]^}^I:}. o]5]*> <£^HIh£r CRBR reference^] hockey stick ^71^71 ^7|] 7fl ^(^] damage rateofl tj)tl CRBR plant ^^ 2^£$1 SJf-|- ^^^f7] ^-]*J| ^-§-^}^^f. 3E. GE^ GE^l alfe ^^: test rigs(SOWAT, SOLLACE, CRACKPOT), 1-^1A| #7]^71 tube# ^q*> >fc#-i- «>-§- O y 1962\1 12^, Enrico Fermi No l#7l ^7l^ 4^o) 6i7| u]^6\}*\ ^7l«^7| ^7i]4#^ ^-fi- ^^4^ single ^^ multiple tube ruptured ^ ^H^-JE ^f#2|- H Jl^l *}«> ^-^ K lefl^l Fermi unitofl cKsflA-^S., J£ AI modular single tube rupture^ tfi^-S. Y# ^^°1 ^r^£|$i^c-Jl, o| .S.-fBl &£ ii^l ^-i-^lS. l-^2-^^- safety7} ^-^.^t;]-^! ^1 K ^Bf^K Fermi 4JL ^ #7]w^7l ^4^14 ^^^Itl damage Damage^- nf;x] reaction jet7} -^-MJ-iL-T-E-l material-^- ^^ (eroded) Ife ^.^>"<->l ^1"^^.^-1'"l], -3-^7f-^| thinning -390- o] erosion°]i4 corrosion^] *}*1 rcfl^-ol °M^ "wastage"Bfe B] DEC(Detroit Edison Company)^- single tube rupture 3£ 6o^ # ¥#^1 ^R> ai^-i- ^-§-^1 51*11, 2.25Cr-lMo wastage^ 4*1 ^^-# ^*}7] X\^*}&3., <>} 3 ^ft-^] wastage ratel- control^fe control parameter^- fj^rJiL •5JJA-] wastage data-H ^-fe- ^°]$X^}. parameter BfjL -^^t^Tr -5liibir M-^ water injection rate, water injection duration, spacing between leaking tube and target tube, reaction area^l^-)^] sodium velocity, injection^ water/steam^] tube material, head of sodium above the reaction zone^-°l Bf JL • $Xt}. 27H*] test rig(test rig 10, test rig 43)7} o]^. ^]s| ^- test rig # • -!"## ^f tube spacing : wastage rate^j ^%^ ^fe 7}^ ^1^}5. water leak rate^}- tube-to-tube separating spacing-5.5. wastage rate7f YiNr ^M 4^ °i^ maximum^] ^-7} reaction plume pattern^) S^ -391- °] 0.1 lb/sec^] ^^r^f1^ target tube • Leak duration : wastage rate • Sodium velocity : 0-2 ft/sec °|AcHlA"fe target tube^] wastage rate-cr stagnant sodiumolj^-]^^ ^^f'erf^.^-l1?]:, wastage 4ffe sodium velocity7f ^- o}^-^ moving sodium^! ^ • water/steam temperature : 610~680Fo|^£\ ^S. ^-^l^l-M water/ steam ^£^1 ^^^r wastage rate^] ^ <$*£•£; &.o]x] ^^j-cf. 900Fofl A-] test#o| ^*|^1^]^!: operational problems^ ^O| H^\^\ 900F steam# ^-g-^V ^^<^|A-] wastage tube material : 304, 3162f ^^: stainless steel^ ^-f 10"3~10"2 ^flhi- ^^H^ 2.25Cr-lMo steelJic]- wastage^! cf^ o| 3.7|| uj-Ef^cf. Incoloy 800£| ^-?-b ^1^1 stainless steel • sodium head above the reaction zone : -^r^-^-fe- -T-I^I^]- 1.3 — 1.5 ft o|^*| S0!^]^^ stagnant T~\ flowing sodium<^|^ 3.^- wastage o ESADE-cf ^1-^-^S- y}^^. modular #7] ^^7l^l>| sudden tube ruptured] .Sl^lr l ^^^ 8" diameter, 0.5" n^fl^l test sectional >g7f| 5]5ib^l 750 lb sodium, 1000F/2400psia*] steam flowing, 470F/2800psia water# 41 ^ ^r 5llb ^1^^ ^^Sl^K ^ tube -392- bundle £• 2400 psia, 1050 F steam# ^^^ ^ $L^ 37 tube modular type ^7liH7l mock-up O.S £H 014. 4 ^«--b 4}^ 0.625", ^ 0.09"!- #JL $1-^, rupture disc7} 125 psiaS setting£]<>| test zone^ ^/^Hl #*}-5H <&&}. Disc7f ruptured ^ test section^ ^ shellofl °i^ damage7l- ^j.^ ^-f 1 • ^1^^^: ^"4^?i tube ruptured] pressure waves O General GE ^^^]A]^ #7]*H!7l -ufloflA-| 4i#-# «i-§-6fl cfitl damage# 3 • self-wastage : 10"5 small defector -^!^ 3. defect size7} ^-7}S}1>( water-flame jet- ZL^J 5. 3ofl H 3.717} plug^f unplug7f <^^^^.^. x|^^cf. Enlargement?} -i- critical enlargemente}jl -393- intermittent plugging! TT ^1 cold trap, "r - ^£^ damage7} critical leakage staged. ^-7f^ffjj plan t operator damage7f sodium side water side 1 mm 2-l/4Cr-Mo steeJ leak rate : 3 X 10~l g/sec self-wastage rate : 2 X 10 f mra'sec sodium ternvxL-rature : 470*C 5. 3. self-enlargement • Impingement or secondary damage : flame°l ^^# 4^1^ secondary damage7} ^ secondary damage^ i:H=- ^-«.#^ trouble^6 J "M" "'r^"^: impingement damage-if overheating^] -394- • Overheating : overheating^: Ml-f- 1r7l Q^ A5.-f-'&| over- pressurization afl^ofl over heated zone°] Ji}££[^ ^#-|f SHHI £\ NI-0] 1 lb/sec°|A Testsfe 3)GJ-*1 Ajt,j-e]_$.ofl ^Btl ^-3-^S] J.15} referenced designS] 4-g-A^, tube damage mode# ^^M $]t% ^.7\}i\^t[. Self-wastage testfe ^S. Cf^- 3 A]^^l^ ^^5]$iu}. 1) SOWAT : A]^^ 30" ^o], 12" diameter# ^-b flowing sodium test tank^>^1 SE. c>^- 3" tubeS. ^-^5|^ $X±.tf °1^ ^^i1-0! ^AJ- ^-^^ 15 psig) 1000F, 20 gal/mini] -SHHk ^3- $1 2 Uf. £$) S\JL -!f# 4£^ 10" lb/secolJL jqcH ^f#so^ 2 iboju}. 2) SOLLACE : 1000F ^r*l°] 7^*1 test vessel^ ^JL^I^ static sodium loopo]c}. Test vessel^ 4i#-# ^-§- ^^^f ^1^ ^^7}-^ 2 venting^ burning systemAS. -^^Sj^ ^1^}. ^]t| f -THNHI: 10 lb/seco|jl % -i- ^f-#2o^ 7]S] 9 lb o)uf. 3) CRACKPOT : 47fl^ test vessel# #3. $1^ static loopo]^, 4 vessel ^ 4" diameter, 39" length^ 5|of ^It}. Normal^^ ^rH^ 950F°|J3. water/steam injection pressure-^- 200 psigojuf. Zj- test vesseln}z} relief system^] O Small leak experiment ^ °] tests] -^-^^c: small leak detection system^) design criteria ^> 4i^-S water/steam ^f## operator^ action procedur . Test*] Efl-f-g-^ 2.25Cr-lMo steelo| 6.^, plugging^ -395- g-°] 10 lb/sec~ 10 XI o}ttfl critical leakS. ^-7}t-fecfl o] test ^-6]- 900 RS. # 0 10 secS. 4^£]^A^( 680F MTT escalation time ] ZL^] 5. 4ofl self-was ta secondary damage^]-^] ^ A] u 10s 104 — 10= - | • 900 F : ; • 860 F i ] | ! 1 ! 10° 10-1 Leak rate ( lbs/sec) a^] 5. 4. rij- reopen ti 0 Secondary wastage damage APDAi] 3L7] ^1^3} -$•*}%! testae] ^r*<§£] ^^h -^-S--^] leak arrangement^] tcfe} -ip-4|- ^^-^- ^r*^}^.^-^], ^-^-^l ^SL parameter-^ S. 4i# -&S.-- 650-900F, target material : 2.25Cr-lMo/Incoloy 800, •H ¥##: 10"5~10"3 lb/sec, spacing : 1/4-3/4" ^o| Af-g-S]$j[T:>. v 01 s£^&_S.if-B\ 2.25Cr-lMo^ wastage ^% ^^: -&^7\ 650F^]A-] 950FS 2-3 yH ^^^fe ^w "L-l-^KB^i^K Incoloy 800 ^^.^1 tfl 1-b 2.25Cr-lMo -396- Incoloy 80(HA-| wastage *]%M3£- 650F o\}*\^ 2.25Cr-lMo £.t\- 2 order wastage rate^ |r ^f#-|H 2\v.p\ ^-^^ tube spacing^ ^7il# 2^ 5. 5 Target tube^]^- steamA^ °^°] ^fl^-I^ ^1-^-^, target tube^- 1.4X10"3 lb/sec*] steam^.5. ^f## 4^t> ^r ^ 20 -g-o] ^^^4 . Secondary injection rate^ 7\£\ 2.1X10"2 Ib/sec5. ^^, secondary^ injections]^ tube^ <$ 62 sec^ofl failure . Failure^ secondary tube*> -397- o 4 Leak rate = 0.8 X 10 "' Ib sec Temperature = 900 F \ ! \ " 2 0.2 0.6 0.: 1.0 Tube spacing (inch) ZL^ 5. 5. § -T^it' pointAj- X^^jjtj 7|5]|§- ^^JL *1 wastage rate Test -r"°1] ^^oQ hole size-^- 7J2.S. *fl §•7]^"^7]if -n-^1'^1' ^s^°] commission^ -x-l^l] 2 series^. ^.•C-K Series I^r AI modular steam generator^]x\ ^^^^X^}. °1 modular steam generator^ 1587})il •^•^.S. °]-x-°i;^ ^.A^, hocket stick ^BJf^. evaporator^} superheater-^- 41 *E ^7}|^i 3MW cf. -f-^.5] out-diameter^ 0.625", 0.1" wallS 1^ 2.25Cr-lMoS. AA ^} ^^, 1 DEGS ^^# ^Sf&t}. ^Hl ^ S 5.2O11 ja.^*}55l^.^, 4 ^tHH strain, pressure, flow rate, temperature^0] ^^5] $X^}. Series Il-fe- LLTV(Large Leak Test Vessel )# 3.%*]9]3. LLTI(Large Leak Test Internal )# °1TT*1^ ^^-i: ^r^*}^>. LLT1 tube bundle ^ full size CRBR^7]iy:^7lif tube size, number, pitch, material , T=\Ht tube bundle ^ojnf 1/2 ^.cf # -398- 5.2 AI-MGS SWR-1 2 3 4 5 6 Date 1976.7 1976.10 1977.4 1977.7 1977.9 1977.11 Failure type DEG DEG DEG DEG DEG DEG Failure located 4' 10" 20' 3" 1.5" 1.5" 1.5" 1.5" Na condition EV EV EV EV EV EV Duration 10 sec 10 sec 5 sec 3 sec 3 sec 3 sec H2O pressure 1893 psi 1893 1893 1900 1900 1900 H2O temperature 543 F 543 543 700 700 700 Pre rupture 2.8 gpm 2.8 0.4 static static static Post rupture 3 lb/sec 3 8 4 4 10.5 Rupture quality 0 % 0 0 SH N7A SH Peak MSG P/T 400/1500 500/1500 300/1600 350/1500 300/NA 500/1000 inert gas DEG £5. Al-a, AI-b.5. ^ ^ ^^ non-reactive JL reactive M ^|*> ^^.S., A-2, A-6, A-7 ^^^ DEG ]3. A-3, A-82}- A-5^ self-wastageS.-f-B] secondary tube wastage failure^f^-l Sj';o'5|^- ^if^.^1 intermediate size ir#^| cf)*> ^%># lt> ^^<>l$i4. Test-3^ ¥##^ evaporator start-up ^L 0.1 lb/sec^. ^}^^.n^, Test-8-S] Si. A ^iNbcr superheater *] ^^i ^^1^]A-| 0.07 Test-5^ 2.71 •¥### superheater hot standby S^oflA| 1 *fSi^.^, Test-3^A-1 57B^ secondary tube#^M ^#°1 ^^ o] 57fl£| failure tube# 37fl-b temperature-pressure^^Hl ^ 4^AS. -S-$iA^ uf^^l 27lfe secondary wastage^! 5]*> J3. ^uf. Rupture disc^ ^^ ^1^ ^ 114 sec^f^) sf^Sj^A^ 49 lb ^ -i-ol rupture disc7f 4^5] 7l ZLS]u} A-8 test-^^1^1^ secondary failure^ bundle S] tube side^ ^^ A]4 ^ 40sec ^ -399- Blowdovn.gr 10 secuflofl ^^Sj&An}, test $\ initiation • 0.073 lb/sec&i blow down 5\7] &V\x] % 2.9 lb£] 1H 40 if#S}$ii:h Flame propagation ^^^l cfltl tube array^j ultrasonic ^ a)t:Jf wastage^ 28 milli-meter# uj-Efufl^cf. ^*[£| ^ftliHM wastage7f ^M£4. -5fe- large intermediate-^f^o] ^u}. 3L7\ ^f-^-^^. 1.04 lb/sec <5j 58 sec^ofl rupture disc7} 2f<^5| ^u}. Rupture disc7} 3f • Intermediate JLA|•?]*| ^-•5'}'^ internal damaged, propagation • Intermediate -^c: secondary wastage^-} overheating^] ofl ^J^fl secondary ^r#i] • Secondary wastage^- 0.3 Ib/sec^}*] Y##°l ^7}*f-fe ^-^- ^A damaged] mechanism0]JL H ^r-^kr secondary wastage, overheating, blowout ^H] £H $1= 3 lb/sec^l ^ overheating^f blowout^] • ^^i?l acoustic wave#^r intermediate Jr#6il-^-b ^^1] °]^^r it# system^] ^^°] rupture disc^[ set point • A]^^1(^]^ 17)] H °]AJ-6| rupture disc, vented and flared sodium/water reaction products tank, isolate and blow down system^ c] O ETEC ETEC scenario^] fe 27^1 -400- Si-fe-^l] 1?!;*1, 10"6 lb/secS] q-n]^ -T"#f>fl>l self-wastage^!] critical leak rate*] 5X10"3 lb/sec^F*! H^F^l ^Ife 4^! ^Ffe -^°]-2-, ^-rf-2- ^f^^l ^l^H ^r^0] escalations]7} ^_o\] :Q-Sk;'s}jL, ^^ i£*]-g- #-]^ ^r Sl^-^l AF"§"% "T1 Stl-tr ^l^^l shutdown procedure-^- -1 T > j/^j >^i -# pooloi| single tube specimen^ S. 2.25Cr-lMo ^fi^o] ^ -—I ^rt • In "*—I o I T . ?^t | i '_ -i J. i it^ ^ J. cL\~/j\. ^x Crack-^- ^-^ -f1 "W"—^ cutting s)}^! cracks] j, closure cap ^r crack^F ^Ml -W"— •> test7> ^^^ISi^l CI-T-^:^! test-fe- o. 625" out diameter, 0.112" wall^ ^«-# 4-g-^F^^^, 1.25" diameter, 0.179" wall!- ^ K Test HS crack^ ^#-# «>-§- ^^#^] ^*H ^# -f-^-H^ plugs] 2} pluggingo] »y-^*«# rcf micro leak^]A-] critical leakS. escalations]^ ^^ Ieak7} • ^#°l ^F-^^l micro leak^]4 critical leak size^.3] transition £ 800 F~900FA}olollA-] ftt 20 50 sec, 650F^A]^ ^afl sec^| • ETECoflA-] ^*§Q self-wastage time^ c>^- ^ .acF 1~2 order QA ^F^F- • Critical leak ranged. tii^i^Ffe ^^^r^l ¥#^ shut down al# ^r SX3. 10"5 lb/sec^^j $X^ ^^ ¥#^ open -401- • Chemical leak detection systemJljsL-cr secondary tube damaged, ^t ilHHr^l acoustic leak detection system^] 3) ^ ^ 1987V1 2-^ PFR superheater 2<^H steam Jf# 4-2.7} °1 "T^ls" Af^- 2|2f 407JI-S] tube7f overheating^j- temperature weakening ofl £j*fl fails] *iJL, 70 tube7f ^Zt$] swell ing£] ^A^, tube bundle •HI alfe -^^-^ 50% ^£7} 800°C7M ^£7} ^^5]^- A}JIO1^U}. o] tube7f tH^ Aj# ufloji failure^ ^ 10 sec^«^ 40 tube7> y support^l-71 $m engineering O The original design base accident PFR 2*1- 7{|^-£ 37f]^ ^7M^7l, 4$ 17^ evaporator, superheater-2} reheaterS. -r-^^°i ^I^K SuperheaterT-} reheater-S| ^e] evaporator^!) «H)-b waters. *}$l7] 4^r°l °] unit tub failure7> £\<$$] ^'%°\ 5)3., PFR 2^} ^}^-$] DBA^ evaporator# 7]S 5. W. PFR 2^f 4^^- effluent system^ ^-g-i- S>-§-«H) 5]*H IHX^f ££ primary containment^^]: ofqe} 2^f 7\)J§-$>] m*^ $M 7}^ severe, credible^-Tl] ^7^]5]$X^}. 1970^^1 NOAH Rigofl^^- 7}% severe *> 4^-S. 1 DEG fracture^ cfltl ^^°1 ^S.£]$1A^, 1 DEG o)} $m plant shut down-^M ^.#^1 piston expulsiono] ^-A^^JT. ^ o]^-£} failure fe & $UV7] ttfl^c^], DBA^ 1 DECS ^^£]^J1 ^r^^^l^Hl^ 1 tube failure^] t|f> leak rate^- 23 kg/secBfjL 7}^ -402- O Initial consequences of the superheater 2 leak on the safety case If nr# x\3- ^ superheater 2£] tube bundle^ pressure loading^ 7f|*>*> ^^H Ji1*) • °1 -r-iNr superheateruf reheater S.^14 fretting damage^] • tube bundled] cfl*} damage^ DBA<^1 AJ*fl covert • 4JL^*> 5|tfl leak rate^ DBA stainless superheater if reheater 7} fretting 9Cr-lMo steelS. JB^f i^5|$iAT^, evaporator^] cfl ^.1^, J2.S. unittHl-H acoustic noise monitoring<>| ^ Armed tripA5>i 4i# 4^^ detection system^ t}A] ^^]^} ^-il, false trip rate^] cfl^: fe^°l ^1^4- 4sW 4 S.-E- signal processing algorithm^] 7fl^£]<>| plant«H|A-] testi) ^.^-^, ^#-# ^1-%- trip signal^] rcfs.^ superheater^) -tl^-?> de-pressurizing°| u|)-^- •§•_&"erfcf^- ^4 fast dump valve7f commission •a. bundled tflf> ^Hltl ^4^" ^^-^ damaged mechanism^- o] ] ^|*H ^-4*1: ^^ol A]4£jStife^, °]^^ evaporator unitoflA-|j= : ^ Sa^- multiple tube failure^] cfJSMS. ^~§-*]"4 4-§-l ^r A V ^^-S. ^1 O *F^4. IHX^l cH*f pressure limits] ASME level D^l review^! tfltl ^^S AJ^Sl^JL, ^] limit -403- °1 4^- ^fe PFR6flA-| multiple tube failure even V^I ^7f£H4 4 J2.S}7} iU^j-UJ-JL ^£^4, 24 TJl fault treeofl 7l^S)H *fl^7f£| &t}. o] fault tree£] failure «].£.# ^^^7] ^Sfl 3Q&.Q %.&.$., failure^] ^^ criterion^ ASME level D^ *>£f- Ji^f^fe ^°1^4. ^1 fault treecHl 4-§-^i factor#^- - the frequency of occurrence of under sodium leaks - the reliability of the leak detection system - the reliability to operate of the bursting disc - the reliability of the water isolation system - the period of time over which the multiple tube failures occurred - the number of tubes which ruptured °)£uh He}I-} evaporator^}4 ¥# ^cHhi- °fl^*M ^I^H overheating mechanism^ -§-^r*> °1«H1^ n144 ^-^7] nfl^oll, ^^^] ^*> model O Leak detection systems on PFR Hydrogen detection systemt>)-o|J4 ^A^S]^- 4^2-TT trip ^-^4A|^]uf. 4^^^| operation mode^ n}^ water burden^] pre-defined ^ rate^uf ^ ^g-f- trip signal^] ^-e]jl ^^g^4. Trip # ^]*> time^r injection rate^] -^l^^f-fe-^] ^-^Q water burden^] pre-defined^l 50 g/hr o]i£ 4aj-5]7} nfl-g-o]c]-. Original system^ ^> 4 Na^l circulation time^J- -§-«^t]: time interval-^ signal t>4. i>^ signal *[Sf7} pre-define^ ^# ^^^ tripo] Original pressure trip^r expansion tank"ufl^ tHTrS. 7}^=. ^^- ^^^r}o^ ^r^i^fTll 5|r^, superheater 24^2-°fl *%?•} pressure trip systemol ^j^^^l o)^^ evaporator gas ^S) ^^ ^-^^fe l^AS *>JL ^14. 3:7H) trip^r bursting disc rupture value setting^ -404- 4) eHo} xl ii^M small leak^]^] interaction zone<>)]A-| tube bundle material failure^) ^-A^<8| i^tl design, ^-7}^§7] parameter^ ^•^-3] thermal, hydraulic 5^# ^^M l ch HUiln-S. steel failure rateif leak magnitude-i} duration, velocity, spacing, material^ 4 geometrical ^o| Scale factor7} ^]] ^^-t ^7)^5fl -fJ3L*f7J| 4l A-]^ ^^| >y^^|ofl^ ^^Q 4.2}$} ^x]} BN-350, BN-600 small leak4ol^}A|^ ^^^^l^ ^^*] -§-^*>7]5. «> O Main characteristics of SG design components BN-350 NPP evaporator, BN-600 superheater^] S. 5. 3ofl Zt^] TJ^^CXZ.}. BN-350, BN-600 ^-7}^^7] module^ straight tubeS ^l^t]: vertical heat exchanger o ] cf. BN-350 evaporator<>|} 4 steam-water circuit-^- natural circulation °]JL BN-600^- once-through °]r\. BN 350^14^ inter tube^] sodiumo] ^ofl A-j $3. 4> 0.7 m/secS. ^l^^fjl, BN-600^ 1.5-2 m/secS ^^4. S. €• 1- ¥#-& evaporator module^] A-j ^tlu}. BN 350^14 ^ evaporator^] sodium ^£.7} 200-275°C7\ ^] <&^ 3L7) ^^i^]4 ^A| ^iSi-fe-1^), tube failure^- corrosion and erosion^] $] \. ^4?1 tube failure^ BN 600 superheater^!M tube-to tube sheet -405- 5.3 BN-600 BN-600 main BN-600 SG BN-350 BN-600 steam intermediate evaporator evaporator superheater superheater Tube material 2.25Cr-lMo 2.25Cr-lMo X18H9 X18H0 No of tube per 816 349 239 235 bundle Tube diameter 32 * 2 16 * 2.5 16 * 2. 5 25 * 2.5 (mm) Tube spacing 44 28 33 33 (mm) Na temperature ro 350-420 320-450 450-520 450-520 Water pressure 45 140 135 28 (bar) Water temp. ro 250-260 220-340 350-505 505 O Main parameters relationship under emergency situations Small and intermediate leak -406- Main superheater Evaporator Intermediate superheater D.Q 5. 6. BN-600 Upper tube plated] A-f 1300 mm T^ejofl^ cracking^- i^^^]*] ¥i$X3- leak area^l^] 77^\$] °]-%: -W—$] failure7f ^I^fe-t-l], o]S-f-e] N2 *£ N4-&] -r-^^l^l tube plated! -^# ^j-^H" ^ ^I^K N35] ^I-T- Hil 5.6^[ coolant outside^ reaction product7|- penetrations]^.-^- 7f-^^°| $I^f. S 5. 4 BN-600 &7]% conventional leak leak rate Na leak failure type accident location (g/sec) temp. (°C) Q'ty(kg) Nl evaporator 0-3 450-310 1.8 No flow through part corrosion N2 0.2-6.0 420 40 of intermediate cracking flow through N3 250 450 20 No part of main corrosion N4 upper tube plate 0.1-0.4 420 13 cracking -407- O Leak size and structural components failure ^^ ^-r^j^i leak size, spacing, sodium temperature, and leak zoneofl-H failure rate-g- M-^Kfl-fe- ^] ^to%^r}^]^]: • ^1^] tube bundle^ flow-through^ •^•^•g- T-fB-luJI7] ttf|-§: Tube-to- tube plate -§-^JfT-]61]^ ^^S]^ leak«H|A-|-^- o]%7\) i~}t}^77}. BK-600 ^7]^^7l^|A] real emergency situation^ 'rM ^"T"°11 ufl*I] criterion^-5.A-| tube plate failure# £E 5. 5^] main if intermediate emergency parameter-§- ^c: tube-to-tube 0.006-1.5 ^-M-, N5 0.05-1.5 g/sec corrosion cracking^} ^ e >o x tb TT-S^I -T"# o l 5i l ^1 tube failure^- 7} 5. 5. BN-600 tube-to-tubeplate^]^ 4 5 7 8 11 Accident No Main Int. Main Main Int. SH SH SH SH SH Ka temp. (°O 420 430 420 440 450 Leak duration (hr) 34 10 6.5 1.7 Leakage mass (kg) 13.3 7.0 6.5 0.18 0.75 Leak rate (g/sec) 0.1-0.4 0.05-1.5 0.006-0.23 0.2-1.5 0.02 Character + + + - - SH : Superheater, Int. : Intermediate + : there is corrosion cracking, - : no corrosion cracking -408- O The effect of mass of water upon a failure size BN-350 NPP evaporator if BN-600 NPP i superheater^ *h H^l 5. 7^1 BN-350 NPP evaporator^ #^l ¥#eoM" IH^ failure*} ^Ji 10kg# u}E > 100 failure^ &_£_ post accident corrosion^] 100 B . . be r / / y failur e nu m • ••-/ 1 i 10 100 1000 Leak quantity (kg-H2O) 5. 7. BN-350 « 5) 7} -409- design requirement^! cfl*> *|3fj R+D ^S.H &TT1^] development and consequence of leak, detection method, counter measure, code development^-^] ^r0)^]^-! ^r*^5]JL $1 t[. ojeltl: ^n2"^ CEA, AEA, Interatom^H ^4-^S. ^1*JS|JL SlAt^ EFR ^-7]^§7}2] DBA^^Lfc^] 7]5LS1]A-] computer code7f design^- licensing^: ^]*B O Historical evolution of SG leakage accident consideration numerical models] 7flt°| ^^ ^5}# ^«>2}*> %^-£-, £A~°t licensing <>\} :£-§-§- ^Tfl^^f. <^^]S. wastagee>JL *fe corrosion^ erosion^^1" ^«-^I damage 71^5. SH4 DBA# Probabilistic $n 1 DEG^ rupture ai^fe %o] ^lV> ^-f^ *H-^S., ^^^^-5. 1 DEG7f design base accident^. ^r^5]^.^-i^, °}^\^} ^^^l ^}^\ spontaneous rupture7f M] shut-off yfl^ 7?°il ^H^Lt confirm0] £ E- -S-^-^JE- wastage^cf cf^- swollen spot-g- ^-fe- tube#° wastage^- minor effect1?! IHrr° -410- overheatingif tube rupture7f r^, 1987\1 O European R+D ( SG leak events) 44 Common EFR H EFR requirement overheating^ bursting ^ EFR reference design^ -^]*1 straight tube once-through ^ ^ -Y-^# covert ^ ^i£^- ^ ^f-^L ^l-b ^^r0! overheating if bursting^o]:o|ul-, micro-leakofl t| I§7}, small -leak o]} cfl«> self- enlargement^} break-up, wastage^] b °]^- ^."i^^l tfl^ damage^S ^^^3. Ol^K JE?>, ^: 9Cr-lMo steel 3] ^^^.S. o| ^U^ | hydraulically dead zoneoju} gas spaced} pressure relief device^] licensing^ ^uf. fi 5. 6^] programme l picture^ running # JL^*H^ common standard too 15. 4-g-^ , COCOS code system ^r modularized form^- uf requirement^] lfe cocosi} -411- 5. 6 tf|t> R+D Type of investigation Main parameters Facility Institute Micro leak evolution and self-wastage - behaviour of dormant leaks Incolloy 800/T91 Glovebox AEA - leak self evolution Incolloy 800/T91 • bundle region 0-15 g/sec Grignotin CEA Micromegas EdF 0.5-50 g/sec SWLR AEA • upper tube plate region many realistic leak PFR experi. AEA • lower tube plate region Wastage of adjacent tubes Incolloy 800/T91 - wastage tests including Na temp. H2O pres. Super-jonas CEA • wastage rate distribution leak size, leak Grignotin CEA • temperature profile distance, target SWLR AEA • reaction flame models material, impact Micromegas EdF angle Glovebox AEA - wastage of SG shell T91, leak size, Glovebox AEA distance - simulation experiments • jet simulation N2 Ar He, velocity JIM CEA/EdF entrainment, temp distribution • corrosion, erosive effect wastage, temp JAR EdF distribution Leak propagation - development of secondary, evaporat i on ASB-loop Interatom tertiery leaks condition, Ireak size : 0.3-lmm • wastage development 2.25Cr-lMo • P&T evolution water cooling Super-Noah AEA superheater cond. • P waves, flow, level leak rate ;100g/sec mat : T91 water cooling - hydrodynamics leak simulation leak Interatom pri, sec leaks, simulation size, time, gas rig space, overflow - overheating EV,SH condition ASB-loop Interatom leak rate, mat. heat transfer SuperNoah AEA - simulation(overheating) rapid heating COTHAA-rig CEA Incolloy 800, T91 swelling, bursting RF test rig AEA temperature history -412- 5. code 15.7 # Code Name Purpose Institution - EPOS Wastage code structure Interatom • PERCEVAL wastage module CEA • PROFET wastage module Interatom • BLUSH wastage module UKAEA - MECTUB overheating module CEA - GENVAP water/steam side depressurization CEA, UKAEA - HYDET leak detection module(H2) CEA, UKAEA wastage, leak detection, - PROPANA depressur i zat i on CEA 15.8 Code Name Purpose Institution ID-code - ROLAST Interatom for hydrodynamic result of a large leak ID,3D-code, - PLEXUS CEA for hydrodynamic result of a large leak ID-code - HYDRON Interatom for fluid flow behaviour ID-code - ARK(QUARK) UKAEA for fluid flow behaviour ID-code - REACNOV CEA for fluid flow behaviour -413- O Test facilities -§-S|^L ^I-bt-fl, 3-Q 5.8TT Interatomi] ASB-loop-H il l>_o_r^j o| ^3Lj-£.^. wastageif overheating code u}^-A^ CEAi] SUPER-JONAS-H H^ 5. 10^| ^Muffrf^ti) o| A|^^ •^-•sr] wastage flame modelling test<>|| -^^"^fTil ^r^SlSit}. Test vessel I test celli] wastage profile^} temperature profile-^- ^ T ^14. Sodiumi] ^^-^ GRIGNOTIN sodium loop^l-M -^^-^^^l n |-b small leak evolutional- wastage test §°] ^r*<§^i'c}. f4^T' ^.S. COTHAA ^^ rig# ZL.Q 5. 11^] 4BM$i.^-c-ll overheating^)- tube bursting^- test^ltf. •^•^.•b -?i7|j!L ^]^ 7}^i|t^ water/steam^: ArS. pressurized^^}. Deformation^if tube rupture-f§- ^-r-^f-fe-1^] optical fiber device-!- 4"o"^!t-h °^7]4 ^^^1 ^^ ^^'S'^c: MECTUB code ^ r1^] °] 3.—-^: overheating^f bursting-^- •> 2|:2f# mastering^f^- ^^ LMFBR ^ I ^-§- behavior^] t§*} ^-T-A} 7^^ ADJ, 1 DEG tubeif rupture 7f bouncing 4^-^-4 -ti. detection system, rupture disc, effluent system -414- °1 , European R+D ^^.ZL^^r DBA# fJL, design^} licensing^ EFRofl -415- KjO-5?OS«£ TASK CBBP H«CS H^S 5. 8. Interatom ASB •X- /\ Reaciion Test Vessel £ I o o II Ocan-up Tank Dump Tank j rCold Sodium Tank^ Hot Sodium Tank 3.^ 5. 9. AEA Super-NOAH Efl^H -f-S -416- fl.o-uti.on 5. 10. CEA Super-JONAS tfl^Js. air outside i e 3.Q 5. 11. ^ o^ COTHAA -417- 3. n} 7f. Injector melting ^Sfl 4 heater Ar 7^ *f7l ^1 i| i . Q •'J O | 11 " ^* * *•* ^ J> " ^* ^•LU ^i 5Cr-lMo steel!- 4"o"^f°^ ^14^^.—^, 5. ^i]2.-^- ^ $ 30mm X 5 mm 0.15mm ^^.S. . 9 5Cr-lMo steel Chemical elements Compositions {%) Chemical elements Compositions {%) C (Carbon) 0.32 - 0.42 S (Sulfur) 2.7 vol 4 44^ ^-f-i" HT melting4tl -418- i t Ar Gas Na Storage Na AV Reactor Vac. Pump 5Cr-lMo steel plate S5| T=S hole : 0.15mm —> Press : 9 ton/cm2—> Fabrication ZL^ 5. 12. nl melting -419- ^7]7} injections] system- Ar bottled] JfAiAoJ-Ej| AES( Auger electron spectroscopy, , ESCALab 220i, #^-1- 4Si- ^ ^.^ penetration Greene^[5.27]ofl 14-Aif ¥# ^^¥ °}^] reopen^ ^-Efl^- «>-§- -420- BE., 14-Bofl UK 7 "•* '• ^-^ 5. 13. Halos # Side)# ef o]^ AOV7| Greene^] (^^)o] penetration*} 5)3. NaOH AESS. Jf •¥•1 ^^# 5 points 4 pointnfuf AES AS C, FeFe, 0, Cr. Mo, Ni^*| 15-B# peak7f 7]} uf hole C02 Na2C03 -421- 7} ^ 1 *'•', •: *'t \ A 2S1CU XI88 aaeosi 5. 14. SEM A -t- .0 -? Cf ••»•• F» pi PJ n zrQ 5. 15. AUGER -422- C7f NH segregation^ ferrite steel 2.^ # C ^ P2, P3, P4, PI, ^^ P3, P4, °m PI, P2 -f- ^ NaOHvf Na2O 7f segregation^!^ ^A Ar 7}^# °j-g-5}JA-} blank test# 500 600 41= io 400 "CS. ^|-f- Ar 7}^iS 600 super saturated steam# 500°C7} $- >Six:}. 5.17*1 7] 6> -423- a|rt |o >^i rlr 1 o|o dk nii* ^ U Injection Pressure, psi in Pressure drop, psi oo o ro *. o> oo lU|d rlr s rlr en en I Mr (Hit! oii TO 1 1 s IV ^ £ VJ 0|0 ri fc O*D*o»Oooo CD |o 5 5 O O O Q TO —r^ O Pressure BuiW-Up, psi M K CO 01' U Z rst *Kg-7j J£6f leak Path7} self-plugging^ ## 22-23^ ^°fl leak path7f reopen^ ^^. , «>-§-7J^ vent >g«. 3) Reopen time self-pluggingo] ^ uf. self-plugging^- transient^} ^-H. H sealing^ NaOHi} 50 reopen^ I, H °1 2.25Cr-lMo steely correlation reopen time^ #o)S^ 4 Uf -425- 71 o o 1e+6 Mat'l : 21/4CM Mo steel Temp. :460°C „ 1e+5 —- Data :USA+USSR+FRANCE : •O • ® : This experiment o 1e+3 - • * • CD 1e+2 - I ie+1 .001 .01 .1 Initial leak rate, (g/sec) reopen time^f*] 4) Reopen size fe reopen time# reopen size, 71 600 SEM -426- Reopen point 2mm circular type£| hole S. reopen £# tgEf|.g. cutting SEM H^ 5. 19. diamond saw cutting side SEM5] inverted image hole^. ^l^ o| hole size# JB.^ ^7] ZLfJ 5. side reopen Q AJ"7] ZL^J 5. 13-2} halos sizeiu} -427- 5. 215} sizeif HlJ2.sH ZL^ 5. 20. Y* tc>e> cuttingtl 4# ^# 5. 2H us] 5. 21 ^ 70-80 blockings]^ al re-open^ ^--f- damage ^3rl 5. 213] ©^ -428- H^I 5. 21. 4. 7f. 7fl JSL KALIMER(Korea Advanced Liquid MEtal Reactor) 1990^tH #«>-fB| -429- (0.1 g/sec (0.1-10 g/sec), 10-1 kg/sec)^ target materia f overheating^ [5.29]. wastage ^^# 2.25Cr-lMo steel# 1) ^^xo^](^# Loop) ^ ^ 160 ^ ^^ :7}^# ^1*>7] ^]«H Ni membrane^ ¥#7] (simulator), # Y# ^S}(purification)^f7] 411> cold trap, ;£.#-£] -n-^-i- 41^ electromagnetic pump fA5. -r^]^ l i#^ 5]cH flow rate^r 10 m3/hr# ^j^^u}. by-pass lineal ^^l)-^ magnetic flow meter# 0.25 MPa rupturing -430- -it safety valve leak simulator^ 5. 234 ^Nr 5-13 SL^c differential manometers- ^.!^, electromagnetic valve, cermet filter 5. 22. IPPE H^i 5. 23. ^- -pi -431- -T-££ tube- in- tube a Simulator^ flapif seat^ 2.25Cr-lMo steelS. *H^-£] &J^, seat^] ^ flap needle^ cylinder 3. 2) ^^ ^^ ~L^] 5. 1- 1 differential manometer^] ^*U 'g^^AS. ^^-i- #5]^ Al-7] -LBT 5_ 22^] 8*1 ^J±^ water level 9H ^"-^ level^- simulator^ #o] Y tt||-g: leak simulator^: HNH ~1 g/secS. g/sec ^7}*1 ^ incubation # 7] leak simulator^! Ar 7}^ T-°fl 4I-H"°1 penetration^! drain*} simulator-^- loopofl>| sampled. l£ Ar ; ~o"T sH^^f^^r^, 7lEf ^o manometer, temperature indicator^!- -432- 3) ^^F ^ 3-%t 7f) Self-wastage pattern injector^ visual pattern^ 3.^ 5. 24^1 f. H5| 5- 24^r ^1 S 5.105] ^^ 8 2.5 mm - 12 , a, 5. . o.^( d 5. 10^ L^ 5. 245] c5} d A 2280 sec ^9\ %- 27 self-wastage c icF^ -433- 5.10 Self-wastage uj ^ Initial Final Duration Quantity up Absence Steam THX Exp. Na leak rate leak rate to sharp time P. No Temp. (g/secX10"3) (g/sec) (secXIO3) increase(g) (secXIO3) (MPa) (mm) 1 450 °C 2.78 >1 0.9 17 - 13 2 2 " 1.81 " 5.04 21 - 5 " r> 1.94 " 0.18 15 - rr tr 4 1.00 0.35 21.6 62 3.6 4.5 » 5 2.75 >1 15.19 29 4.68 6 6 300 11.11 " 86.4 395 - " 3 7 11.11 126 970 54 " 8 475 11 2.28 27 0.35 12.2 2.5 9 68 1.8 122 - 12 fr 10 360 0.1 54 - 13 rt 11 31 0.7 5.22 56 - " 12 " 54 0.8 6.54 130 - " 13 " 100 >1 1.02 102 - ft rr 14 rr 500 0.95 0.12 55 - rr rr 15 510 17 0.8 0.51 20 - rr " 16 rr 1.4 >1 7.49 15 - " 17 rr 25 0.6 0.22 8 - " tr 18 147 >1 0.1 9 - " 2.6 -434- 5. 24. 8, 9 5. . D.Q 5. si or ^. a, 5. 245} ^5f^ H]i*K ^.^ 47fl«oi- time o] - u>l- ^- self-wastage pattern^ ^^t> -435- H^ 5. 25. S 5. 17, 18 a 3.717} B ^ fe o]^\ "jet"je"t jet # itflel^ wastage-t 3.7l(diameter)ofl 5 mm -436- plotting*H 5.26-27 S. 5 0.^5. 2651 38 ., D.Q5. 272] ^^^ 3.8^ self-plugging) ^ 01= re-open£|jl ZL^A 5. 26. pattern -437- 0.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Timefmin.) ZL^ 5. 27. pattern (^^ 17) 2 2 10"" g-H2O/sec n| # Na0H7> !-^°)uf 4i#^ ^ ^ self-plugging^^ ^OK& 42*1 61 ^l o) -438- 5. lOA ZL scattering o] 5J.AU Al ^£7} corrosion, erosion 5. 11 reopen time^] n] Exp. Na Re-open Average Exp. Na Re-open Average No Temp. tinE(min) (min. ) (mm) No Temp. time (min.) (mm) 1 15 2 10 1.7 2.5 2 84 2 11 87 2.5 3 450 °C 3 143 2 12 475 °C 109 40.7 2.5 4 360 4.5 13 17 2.5 5 253 6 14 2 2.5 6 1440 3 15 8.5 2.5 300 °C 1770 7 2100 3 16 124.8 2.5 510°C 34.7 8 38 2.5 17 3.7 2.5 475 °C 9 30 2.5 18 1.7 2.6 71 self-plugging fe Na2O NaOH ^ -439- self-pluggingoj oi Self-wastage7> i£ 5.10^ ^ correlation^H 28^1 25J5. 28^ 2.5 mmS a, b, c ^ J. L. Quinet-^o) i^t^, 450°C $} 1 order ^ 5. 300°C , 7\S] 2 order 530°C plugging^ 7]uf ^- n] -440- 1e+4 1e*4r 1e+2 0.01 0.1 1 1&3 16-2 1e-1 A*ra^leekr=te(9'sec) A\erag3 leak releases) 450 °C 475°C 510°C H^ 5. 28. 2.25Cr-lMo steeli] incubation time 4 ^^ 3:71 plotting*}^ ^L 10 10 10 CO 10 10"2 10" 10° Leak rate (g/sec) H^ 5. 29. 2.25Cr-lMo steelA]^oflA-] -^-i-^^ self-wastage -441- Anj, o) 400-500r i^- 3.34 ) Jv rc = 8 10 ' mechanism Sill" 5. r- Id 7}. iquid Metal Reactor)^ *} 7]cflE|jL ^1-^- 7] ttjl o|-g-5iu}[5.30-5.31]. 3- Na20 ^a, cold "4 -442- (Plugging Temperature Indicator; PTI)£} l sacR5.34-5.36]. ^1- PTI Sa uf. ^- restrictor# ^^l^M, restricted *§E|| f. PTI# PTI# -443- °]$) .H7} ( plugging temperatureH n| HI*} 4 PT1 PTI saturation temperature^ ^7^^ PTI f. JE | 71 , c*| 7| ofl k ^ltl blowerif restrictorS. -^^, ^1;§ 1.3 ^ ^ 47fl7f f^e] -444- Sodium Sodium In It Out Hot Air Out Orifice Plate o O D.m 5.30. Plugging temperature indicator(PTD^l -445- 3 mm*} ^Bflojel]^ A^ sK 4£f blower^ 140 _ 300 - 6 °C7f PTI1- . PTI7} ^ 300 ufl PTI o] crystal lizer^ ole.7fl5ltHt5.40-5.41] ^ 160 - 270 -446- 3.12. if- if-S.2] Operating conditions operating temperature 300 °C flowrate of sodium 0.5- 10 //min inventory of sodium 20 kg-Na Specifications maximum input : 14 A, 75 V, Electromagnetic pump and 1800 Hz Electromagnetic flowmeter transducer : 1-5 mV —> 4-20 mA no of orifices : 4 diameter of orifice hole :1.3 mm overall height : 700 mm PTI operating temperature : 150 - 350 °C flowrate of sodium through PTI : 0.3 - 1.1 //min operating temperature '• 150 - 300 °C cold trap residence time : 5 min packing material : stainless steel sieve -447- cv ST: Storage Tank RV: Reservoir Vessel CT: Cold Trap CV: Calibration Vessel FM: Flow Meter PTI: Plugging Temperature Indicator EMP: ElectroMagnetic Pump 5.31. -448- 5.32# g log c(ppm) = 6.257 - 2444/T (1) PTI £S 3.711 1-4 ^4^l ^14 lIi #f ^Sfl ^# -g-^# 0.5-1.2 l 1^^ 6> 10 - 20% 7] *1*H blowerS] 5£ blower^ PTI -449- 160 100 150 200 250 300 350 Temperature [CC] 5.32. -450- ^-S PTI# 444 7} (1) H(manual mode)^- bare orifice mode 4-2- 4 n 4 saturation temperature)J5!xfe SLZ] 4^ ^0]) [5.39, 5.41-5.43]. 7} 4-1*11 1, 2, 3 ^ 4 °C/min 5.34^ 4 -i- 0.5 - 0.9 4 °fe 30 o Shunzhang^ -451- .50 200 210 220230 240 250260270280290300 5.33. = 270 -452- 238 - 236- 234- 232- Edu i 230- 2 228 - o> c o> 226 - O) J 224 - Q. 222 - ??0 - 2 3 4 5 6 Cooling rate [°C/min] 5.34. plugging -453- 11^1 5.33^ 5.35^ 44 270 ^ 160 0C*a nfl f\E ^°l^f. n.2t] 5.33^ 5. 7f 270, 240, 210 ^ 16 n:l] pus. ^^ 44 232, 216, 183 ^ 137 °Co]$ii:}. 40 20 OC5] \. ZL^ 5.36 17} 4^- 7} (2) -454- :' 0 0 0— -O — O— 0- 5.35. = 160 °C). -455- 280 260- O 240- o 220- 200- <53 2 160- y = 9.676e-5*>^ - 4.7536-2'x + 8.596*X-3.744e+2 140 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 Plugging temp (°C) 5.36. = 2 °C/min) -456- ^4 ^(partially plugged 7} -?-£2i-«L£. 44 blower blower^ ^-^ 5.374 44 -457- Temp [oC] I O Flowrate [l/min] nfl (amplitude)^; #^^-5.^ ^^ ^1^: l^f ^ 4^# 4 4^1 4^1 ^£ ^ ^^ ^ 93% 5.7I -g-^51 88%Jir:l- ^# 4 93/ 4] ¥^ f4 f^ l^ ^4/7f ^-^-7} alfe 95/85% 4^7f 44*FSdA^f o] 295/207 ° i-rc -459- 400 o.o 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Time [min] 5.38. = 275 = 260 -460- fl 0.4 - 1.1 //mini!] -b 0.4 i/min 0.9 i/min )^ blower^ 4^# 0.4 - 0.9 7/min ^S.S] $- } fe ^ 0.6 H^ 5.40^ 55f^£^] rtj-^- Q|^^H^ «l5]-l- ^M\3 ^-^-S, 190 260 °C£] ^^Hl^l SSf^rS-Af ^•^^•-E.^ ^fo]7f <$ 2 - 5 °C ^£S 6. -461- 300 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0 1.1 1.2 Flow rate [//min] 5.39 plugging -462- • 250- 240- • F 230- 220- 210- ggin g tem p [ 5 a. 200- 190- • 180- • i i i i • • 1 > I i I i i i I i 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 Saturation temp [°C] 5.40. JE-aH plugging -463- 24 tii^^ ^ alfe 4:#-# «>-§- ^^, self-wastage^^, corrosion £ ^f# ^l^ofl cflsfl #5]=*J 7 °] ^]Ao^^ ferrite steel ©1 tfi^l- AO^ ^-711 Ai# «|^^-^ 7fl 1H xf-g-^- 7l^^I 7] 2) ^A •*]9}JL, leak path-§- seal ingA^lTl "U-f reopenA]^ 3) Z\\ZLQ *]&*) leak path!- -f-^fl 10ml o| leak path5] self-plugging if reopen 14 ^^*> pluggingol #A|^].J1J plugging -f-^HlA] «>-§-AflA4 i^ ^^- ^Sl-1-4 ^^^ 9-A^fe Fe^l «>-§-o} ^AJ ^o^ 24 pluggingol -ff-43-b 5AS ofl^-51^, <>1 plugging^ -464- -O-S reopen^ ^ mechanismAS ^M%t ^ Cr, Fe7f n) ^°M4 ^^^] ^Sfl- L.}Efufltt^l o]^ «. ^^^ olsfl segregation^^ ^A^ Sfl 5) njeo> ip#^ o]*fl self=plugging^^i?i leak path^ <^ 130^1 ^} reopenoj ^^5]^^.^ reopen size^ ^%°) <$ 2mm# u}-E}t||£ 6) -B-§-^ ^^11 4I#^^)7H1A-1 2.25Cr-lMo steel ^r^t> ^4¥#^^7f ^ reopen self-wastage pattern^ ^#^ ^rS.^lfe , leak path7} reopen5|^>H ^}^}i-ll^ defected size^ tfts* 5mm 7) Leak path7f ^^ reopen5|^t-|l ^ejfe A] ^^ 8) Reopen^.S-f-5] ^#£]^ jetofl $]*\ target tube£] defect A) ^ *M7\ reopen^ ^ ^ 40^L ^*fl yi^^}^A^, o]nfl 4^^ ##^ ^ 6 g-H20/secl- L-l-Efufl^uK 9) £:S.o]} tcfef reopen Aj^;^- ^£^- ^7] ( 1533. _ 3 34 83 Tv correlation*]; ^3} rc = S • ^"°- • 10 " ' 10) 11) } ^] ^|f 3.JL 12) -465- 13) 4 14) PTI -466- Fermi # single-wall 1956Vd-f-B| modular^ 7)$] xl-f-t ^A}«> Hf, wastage7f yi *| wastage^ wastage criteria# ±=cf[( ZL 4 2^} Dounery -467- fe o| SG7} modular Super-Phenix^ SN-300 ^ SN-600- Monju# 1/8 1/2.5 f$5l4. ^. ^ MonjuS] ^-71^^ 7] 7)1 • ^-71 (evaporator)if 3±<&7] (reheater)^- 7m, ^r^, uf Monjui}^ 71 Monju5| sodium loop ^J test facilities-; neutronics, thermohydra- -468- ulics, materials ^ sodium technology^] tfl*]; °i, 2^7fl^i i987~i993\i7]-*]-fe &* 207^ sodium loop ^ test facilities-^- %Jit-|-o^ sodium technology, materials & fuels safety ^ fast reactor^] cfl*]: 7]^ s|-^L ^A5. 7]£ ^^-^^^ ^^^f^^io], 2004^7^] 65 MWt experimental fast reactor ^i^# off^.^5. ^3. $X 3-, 3^1:4ol 1995\1 °]^fe Chinese Experimental Fast Reactor(CEFR)# •^ design test demonstration-^- #e]ni(KALIMER, Korea Advanced Liquid MEtal Reactor, 150MWe, 3.Q 6.1 %^) 7||^^7il# ^]*> -f-7] yd"^ A]-^ 7>. Helical coil type^l ^7l^^7]<^JA-| ^#-# ^^- Af^o]l tjf*> GE, WH ^ B&W7f ALMR«H1 ^flt> °1 ^^^-^-S. 7fl^«> Mf-S-^ ^7j]# ^>^2} "&1-3., Unprotected (w/o scram) Loss of Heat Sink (ULOF), Loss of Flow (LOF) ^ Transient Over Power (UTOP) Afi[6.2]^ ^J: passive ALMR SG ^ dt#-# «>-§- relief system -469- SGACS PSDRS Stacks (4ea) Steam Generator1 Reactor Module Reactor Support Seismic Isolators 3.^ 6. -470- ALMR helical coil SG£) ^*1^°1 ^g£ ^7]^$] 4 el g£ blowdown cover gas %•££: ^ ufl^-ofl^. shroud# IHX.3. oj^-arfx] ^K£^- fe ^ f-7]«J-^7l internals IHTS hot leg ^^^ tcfef IHX unitS. 3]. <^^ (1) ^711^71$) ^"^ ^ ^#^ ^^^^1 ALMR SG^ H^J 6.2*11 U^Vl *}ty H°] ^r^]^^^ helical coil ^#^} #°1 ^-^-^fe shell and tube(S/T) type helical coil tybe bundled support, ^--g-^r- cover gas %•# ^3. -?-^S|«H 6i^f. Hot sodium^ hemispherical head*] ^^-f^ojf ^Ife *f distributor shoesS. 4;## ^-^^Tll vfl^ ^.\Hr]-. o| #9" ^^- ^ helical coil bundle ^i ^^1^ 4^-^ ^^- plenum^ -^*H ofsfl5. 4^7^, ^1 4^ ^5^--£fe 44 0.3 ^ 0.6 m/so]t:}. ^b#5] -n^r-i- ^7j|*}^ flow induced vibration^ c||t> ^ Xf ^-^^•C)l ^^Ml ^u>. Tube bundle ^o|i=. S.^ coil rowsofl cflsH ^ -g- •^•d|o]j2.) transverse tube pitch, longitudinal tube pitch ^ pitch angle &£ tube bundleMfofl^ ^^^7)1 t>4. ^7]^ ^#^ plenum ^ tube bundle^ -f-Sfl ^^^.S S. ^ofx| 7)1 51^, TgS^oH *lt> tube bundle^- h SG distributor ^1 head ^afe Ar cover gas7f $X&.tf, 2*\ ^# ^§-^-^^ ^ drain -All- overflow ^^ SG &fe cover gas *>-§- Sa cover gas *££{ H2-meterfe normal ^ upset ^ hot standby ^2^51 SGufl^ ^-^. *}^-§r ^-^-"rfe SG<^1 alfe 47fl^ non-radial < bottom : 7 tubesheetsS. #' H7fn^) once-through lfe- A tube . cover Gas 30" Ot> - • Conr.ec: tiou 'locii.i*5a X nleL udiuiii Level .icator Hozz <2 pes) i!, U-ult v Dctect.Qr NoKss.le ™._ 'j-J—t / / .-••— Ror.iuni Ho'lrisup Line ht'llUJ S«i Vibration C G of Vessel S»W^ts 8 Full Load ::: ation Tube Bundle 323 Tubes bil' -0" 1.25" OD X J AH" TH TiftTT ShEOud £7.% ' OD 3 0"' OD --•• jii Outlet No-r.le 6. 2 71 -472- Helical coil ^7]]^ ^^ 4f«- 7} ^°\ TT^ 7A^r7\ ^-^.n}, tubesheets.2] 3.7}7\ z$°\ tube-to-tube g| tube-to-tubesheetcfl tfl*> -g-^ point 7} ^r}. Bundle**)]^ inner ^ outer cylindrical shrouds 4°H coil rows 8*M*] , a^^ H^ coil rows-b *r supports^ ^^1}^} (2) 4:#-# ALMR SG 4^^^ -fc-i-i- «>-§•-§• •Peak short term IHTS(Intermediate Heat Transport System)^] cover gas£] ^-f-^-S-^f rupture disc ^ JiS relief system^) blow down Al>^To] ^^-^r] Sl^ ef£. ^^cflS AfjL# %-3.X\9)x] SG IHXS 5]#^>f7W ^f.£^- 2}S.2] long term (7f) ^#-# ^-§- ^#-# tiv>^- 4^2.4 ^Ao^dJ ^1*^ Na dump lineal 0.7 mojJL, ^^^^o] 2 MPatl rupture disc7} sf^^^L, ^ tifl#(blowdown) 4^ -473- path)7f •S:e]^a.(RPST) Reaction Product Separation Tank), ^#tifi^^a. 5l flare stack <£^*1|| SG4 5i olir4 rupture disc7} &4. 444 o] #*>^L, i# ^ tiJ:^-^^#^ rupture disc7} 6.34 ef system)# -§^>) 3.7)] -Bl IHTS ^^^ l SG ^a. 44 ^l^# }^4 o]4 ^Vo| ^}7] ^1*H ^--^- 4^4°ti tf{*lr #5l^ S^^r Large Leak v Test Rig(LLTR) Series II A|^-§- 54^ *f<^ 7)]^f^4[6.5]. °] S. i 4 ^-S. <0.9 g/sec( <2 x 10"3 lb/sec)]cHl 4 ^r Sllfe ^^r #1" wastage regime. ^ ^-^> 51 44 meo]4. regimes4 44^1 ^^ ¥# ^1^4-£# ^14^ ^r ^l-£^ 7fl ^ 6-5^ 4E}4 ai4. ¥#^-^4 4^ <*$ 7 LLTR ^^Y^l^^l tfl*fl Tfl^S] Sa^-^, <^1 ^4# ^^ ^1444 4 ofll- ^-^ 6.6<^] ioi^3. ai4. n?] 6.6 -474- TDTCUMF DRAIN LiNcS H?J 6. 3 NORMAL Mtt LEVEL 8 S"ACC a1 o- iiiiimcx" . T^i TO TG iSEACTOR H^ 6. 4 -475- • IV - W P 0.O68CT-T > nV e /A (Tt) " "3 3 W2 / Overheating Wastage and .--^ Blower Range Leak Rate Data > 0.1 Ib/sec !• Si ! _ A I Timer(T-T2) = t.(0.8)/Prtox) Intermediate ff = 4 x w Leak Range "$r = M*x penetration rate i J .—_ i I (from figure) I > 0.3 lb/sec T2 I TARGET DISTANCE (L/D) Timer(T) = t,(0.8)/Pr(0.5) T = Time between Failures (Initial Leak) t. = Tube Wall Thickness Pr = Wastage Penetration Rate @L/D (from figure) Small Leak L = First or Second Tube Target Distance Range Each New Failure (n+1) has — (On Average) 2 x Leak Diameter (Dn) 4 x Leak Rate (WJ TIME AFTER LEAK INITIATION (SEC) HU 6. 5 10 20 10 5 [I TEST A-3 TOTAL PREDICTION TEST A-3 TOTAL DATA LEAK RATE LEAK RATE (lb/sec) (lb/sec) 2 — 1 0.5 TEST DATA PREDICTIONS 0.2 2nd ROW 1st ROW 0.1 — TEST A-8 TEST A-3 PREDICTION DATA 1 20 40 60 50 100 150 TIME (sec) TIME (sec) 3.^ 6. 6 -476- SWAT 3 fe LLTR relief system H^} 6.72f SG ^B. unit*] 31 AS SG tube bundle^ relief system^l -§^1 life fe so 7(1 £• o] IHX(H^] 6.8 ^(0.9 mm) ^«- (uf) leak siteS ^Hfe Stlfe sonic flow limiterif -477- PR U V3 i U ION RATE II1 H -1 PREDICTED LEAK PROGRESSION RATE v UJ PREDiCTED SYSTEM RESPONSE LU DESiGN BASIS I 1 PREDICTION is I /! fwith in:ecral cover • (f £ A K 6. 7 ALMR5] ^e -478- "o RPST H^ 6. 8 ALMR ^7] ^ #o] unites. -^-^Slfe 6o^ chocked flow 1^ 455.5 kg/s, ^-Hr 755.0 kg/s^. ^-^, SG ^ relief system^! ^sfl 0.79 MPa# . IHX ll^of-H # nfl SG ^-M. -fe tube bundle^ SG tube bundled 5171 HCSG (Helical Coil Steam Generator)^! inactive central region-^- -479- inner flow shroud7} &7] 4-g-ofl 7f|*H power blockMN &fe 4*1*1 27flS] SG unitofl -g- ^717} ^HtM^- 7f^*> 7HV ^-^^ *HWs. SG ^H ^«H ^#/^7l 7fl^# IHXS. ~96 kPa) n>f- #7W^ ^ ^}. 4-1^1 4^1 Sa SG A>JL subsystem Large Developmental Plant# sft*y sub- system# ^7fl A-] subsystem 71 ^1*> parametric system ^7j]# ^8j| cflsjf $a^-^, system nfl^fl ^7ij£|^l *lfe Large Development Plant (LDP)^ 1000 MWe^ LMFBR5. M 1*\ UA #^ ^44^15. *^] ^^-# 4-g-^fe ^^S^l prototype breeder^]!:)-. SG system^ -480- ^#-# *}-§-^# (SWRP, Sodium-Water Reaction Product) subsystem^ LDP (1) iWJB. 7H^^1(LDP, Large Developmental Plant) l SG hockey stick type helical coil type double-walled, straight-tube type M^ full-power -§:&*] once-through Sulzer cycled] low-recirculation ^7|ofl 7l^^ffe ^-^^ °J ^ i4 ]^^ )^^^ unit isolation valves# yfl#^a.(blowdown valves) ^ units^ ^7]^^# ^^1^71 ^*> o>^l«.(relief valve)7\ (2) SWRP subsystem SWRP subsystem^ ^^ K SWRP subsystem 'iTfl-b ^.7}^%^ *> set£] tube leak A]L,fe]^.^- jas^^U^, ^"^l-fe- ^]7|# 7]§"arf<^ small2f large leak^. -481- a]^- LMFBR industry^ SWRP subsystem^ J5.S ^#-# «h§-°l 3.711 *H*-fe single large-leak 4:2.1- 7l^ 4 SWRP subsystem^ rupture discs rupture discs^ IHTS $X°] IHTS Small Leak Protection Base Technology Program^ -S-isffA] small t^, Clinch River Breeder Reactor Plant(CRBRP) SWRP subsystem ^M-^r SWRP subsystem^- ^(TJl^ofl $X°]M large-leak ^e LDP 11 #JHKf# ^1^11 z^^ ^^) ^ #°l ^13.51^1 ^^H ^^*| ^1^-^ ^-f ^^ 6o^ ^^7} IHTS $] ^0)} -g-Sfl^ ^7} ^>. ^3 ^^fe ^^^^^] -£^H sodium hydride^. ^^5]^, ^^-ofl^ IHTS cover gas <$*%<>] ^^} ^-7>*>^1 4i#ol LDP 371 fe- rupture discs7} B]^^ f rupture disc# ^ SWRP5] -482- 2.3JS}.2. SU^K LDP £M-M ^4-^1 CRBRP ^7f[£f H]^*>7|] large-leak 4^2.# A 1*W. J£*> SWRP subsystem^] £]Sf| small-leak Af2.S. ^1*M ^^Sj-b "n-### ^5]^- ^r Sli-s-# %^*|-7| JH^lH-c- tftf 7W(iS)^)o] smau ieaks# *H^4 •&H SWRP subsystem ^7^]# ^^^ -^r ^l0]0) tl^K -3.%! 6.9^ LDP SAWRP subsystem^] cH*> ^^^^I ^^.ty-^^. vfEJ-T-J^L $l-£-tf, SWRP subsystem ^7il^:^^lA-] ^7j]7]^^l large-leak^] cjfsjj ^4*1 ^1"3-*1-^1 (3) SWRP subsystem^ Jl^f^^.5. ^7}]^f7] ^«fl>H-b ^l^l^i tube ^ al-£^- large ^ small leaks 1- uM t|f*H ^^ <>> large DBLs (Design Basis LeaksH t reference SG ^7\M cflsfl 44 nfs.7)] ^^L SLI^>. Tube leaks^l ^ H ^4^ -483- Other Alarm Levels & Small Leaks Small Leaks Automatic Design Basis Design Basis Small Protection Large Leak for Leak Scenarios for System Design SWRP System SWRP System Design Design Large Leaks SWAAM-LT :(Feed Leak Location Behavior of System Analysis for i Back) Selection by Computer Codes IHTS Loads Cumulative after Quantities of Effluents Leak & Leak & Structural Loads Rates Evaluation Design Peq'ts Quantities for SWAAM-LT Type from Other Sizing the Code Analysis to Considerations SWRP Svstem Evaluate Structural for SWRP Loades Svstem Size the Svstem Integrate w/ Layout Limitaions Structural Other Structural Design to Pass Structural Evaluation All Loads within Document Loads All Loads ASME Class 15] 6. 9 SWRP -484- 5 6. 1 SG design Initial tube Time Other tube Total No. of failures, delay, failures, failures [DEGs] [s] [EDEGs*] Hockey stick 1 0.5 2 1+2 = 3 Helical coil 1 0.5 1 1+1 = 2 Duplex tube 1 1 * EDEG : equivalent double-ended guillotine break rupture disc7f tube7f double ended guillotine (DEG) , SWRP sub system SG large-leak reference SG ^l^i ^ helical coil system0] 4. 3.3., design leak rates7} SWRP subsystem Small-leak LDP SWRP subsystem^] IHTS cover gas-^1 expansion tank-^I rupture disc f. o) IHTS ^#^1 -§ ^i^7fl large leakS. main rupture disc# SWRP subsystem^ -485- sodium hydride B], 12 B^ 7^7} ^^H &-b 2^ 7lX*# -§• computer codes7f ^t:>. SWAAM-LT[6.10] code^ small leak# JL^AS ^r^^- ^r 5X5^ ^^^ ^7} $X^\. SWAAM-LTfe thermal-hydraulic computer code^ LMFBR -§- 4^. (4) tfKfJZ Y# ^7} (7f) SWRP subsystem 3.7]7f oj factor^ large-leak large-leak-! ^7 large- -486- l $Xh LDP£| helical coil SG system^! noding diagram^ ^JEL B^S^E] >*14 ^r 20JL ^m^l^, o] S^i^: S^- -i-^ ^ej^a., blowdown relief |lf|- SA} equivalent DEG *> 3.cf. IHTSi} #^ 7l#*> SG ^a. 4 ^Atl 2. *W5] ^^L factors.^ flashing^] 4*M Bernoulli £^ Moody ^Tfl-i] -f- <^i=. ^ ^°J7]- *fe 3Muh S^ 3> (uf) Parametric ] ^l 7}7\ parametric runs# -487- LDP system^] helical coil ^^H tfl«> $1*17} tubesheet^i ^^ < W3 4^ line £ ol line ^ steam tubesheet •#/^7l dump valves ^ ^ ^^1^17} ^-^-^ tubesheetc^| ^-^-^ tubesheet ^-e^l-H^ plenum^] ^-9-5]71 tcH^^l ^VM. 1HTS Helical coil SG dump subsystem^ ^ojn^ c^^ Jgi ^^ -^7} -488- CUHULATIVE FLQI? INTO IHTS NORMALIZED S TO LOWER TUBESHEET LEAK L0CATI0M FLOW o rlr |v o \o to \.o =1° •s. ^ ii mi, oft r|o ^ nib U O T3 cm it J£ B o rlr 1=3 I (D o oo t i CD 4 (fll =* ruin g ^J Ml* it 'j rfr >- o ni|n w O r+ CO mEC mo it V CD O 15 + is *> . LDP 7} SlSiuK Helical coil SG*] helical coil SG*] line-i- tc}ef ^"^4^ ^7} ^ SG Uf. LDP system^ ^ - ^ 1JLO]T:}. O| A]^^ 4^4 pressure transducers dumping^- ^ ^ line ^ <&$ lines^JA-] water hammerl- -^-^fTil Qv.}. SWRP parametric sfl^i ^r^*f^4. °1 §ll^^4fe ^-^ 6.114 A]^>^ LDP system^ ^#^5. ^r -490- ofe life ^ rill nc o i : P 3 CUMULATIVE FLOW INTO IHTS I* o u m § CD NORMALIZED TO 0.5 SEC d(iu I a U c+ stea m r e VALVE CLOSING TIME o —' ro it Fa -5 O ** r|ni o •¥ §. 3 CO CD O CO j ih. J-J. CO —1< r+ o CD ru o 1 CD Fn 7 B o S, is. r|r o cn o O cn JE B o di|d v; S3 CD Ol' a Fn o ku r I L e CD CO do Ofc r^ r3 fice s in n M o 10 J2. .^ & 7 c cr o o o w Ml* -\o << (tfc -IT' S iE V ^ e CO r$ as HI r+ CD CD s—6 CD V d win 3 "* Mr o to B H a1 * CD o .2, DC < |r rlr CO dfi X CO CD c& mm o rlr rlr n Fn O (D w CO .1. o cr jrt. CO r; CD CD CD oa i£ CO << CO r+ CD B 5 mi O CSS i-l f-i w o w d 1-J-N 0.75 *=c s o ^5 CO O S3! H 0 0.046 0.093 0.139 0.186 STEAM RELIEF VALVE AREA, W' 6.12 quick-closing ^ check valves# «l^-«i lines(relief area (6) SG 4 reiief system^ 4 safe SWRP subsystem -492- 2Na + 2H20 -> 2NaOH + H2 (1) NaOH + 2Na -»- Na2O + NaH (2) 2NaOH + 2Na -»• 2Na2O + H2 (3) 2Na + H2O -> Na20 + H2 (4) £ 50 wt* NaOH, 40 wt* Na2O 31 10 wt* NaH^ oj^-ol^uK aKg-^^A] «Kg-oj ^^5]^, 0.436 kg(l lbj^l #2f 0.9045 kg( 1.466 lbj*] ^-g-oj aKg.^- 4 ^#£- 0.665 kg( 1.466 lbji] NaOH, 0.028 kg(0. 062 lbB)S] <^7f>*i, 0.532 kg (1.173 lbB)S] Na20 ^ 0.133 kg(0.293 lb«)«t| NaH7f 7f 5tl^-of, °1 -fr^rcr SWRP subsystem <&-c\. Large-leak 3= ^ 0.6-0.65^ Af-g--^]-7li *>i;}. o) 4 ]^ 0.5-0.65 LDP$] SWRP tanks^ ^g-ffe SL 2£$1 large-leak Af3.5 (7) SWAAM-LT[6.5] 3-^h rupture disc7f ty<£Q ^-$] SWRP subsystem^] .°]-c\. ^^7]S^ IHTS# 7} -493- #71 #S] SWRP subsystem^- ^ ^f^V^l SjsfHfe SWAAM-LT ^ hydrogen sodium hydride 3.7] SWRP ^l>i LMFBR SGoflA-1 large design basis leak A] i§o_5. Jl parametric a. ^ relief valves^ %•& A]^^ ^jL^jg.^^ SWRP subsystem^ ^-S.A^I 7)^^H 3.7}# ^Sflo) *>^>. ® ^^-^^.S. SWRP^ ^^# o]Sfl*>7l ^*B>H-b SWAAM-I, SWAAM-LT 9J TRANSWRAP S.H51 ^^^ 7f|4j- 7fl^ Cf. LMFBR H^I SWACS ^ LEAP# n}^; ^-^5] LMFBR SG^fl K 600 MWe FBR SG^f parametric «1H£ updated codesl- <5|^-^F^ ^^5)$XSLtf, SG^] ^^7)^ ^r#o] Huf§ ^/ ^7] blowdown^m cover gas type tflAlofl cover gas7f ^-fe- SG# 3. al4. Cover gas7} ^^ -494- M S.7] spike cover gas7f $1^ O.^} pressure relief system^ 7} <$A. ^ cover gas cover gas7} &fe ^-^ SG LMFBR SG^ SWR 6.24} ^nf wastage7f failure7f 6. 2 Boundary 0.1 g/s 10 g/s 2 kg/s leak rate Region Micro Small Intermediate Large Phenomenon Self-wastage Target-wastage Multi-wastage Thermo-hydraulics Wastage Self-enlargement Only adjacent Little damage effect Plural tubes of the crack single tube on the tubes on the tube The code LEAP SWACS applicable * LEAP : Leak Enlargement and Propagation * SWACS : Large Leak Sodium-Water Reaction Analysis Code System SM-(SWR) PNC£] LMFBR SWR ^^-fe -495- SWR LEAP (Leak Enlargement and Propagation)!- 7 prototype FBR^l Monju^ tfl*> DBL# ^.^^-^ a !}€• ^^L^-^ ^^"^ SH6J SWACS{ Large Leak Sodium-Water Reaction Analysis Code System)^) cfl-^-S -^# SWRo] SWAT-1 ^ SWAT-3^| Aj^x}^.^ >^h§-*H ^^^f^l^f. SWACSo] 6 e}3. H^SJ ^. o| 1H^ Monju FBR #sH^o]7l 4^1 ^^B] 2H6J LEAP r\s. ^s.^ FBR (1) LEAP 3.^5] ^ Wastage ^^-^- self-wastage, targe-wastage ^ multi-wastage^. ^r7f sa^}. LEAPfe SG Mod. 9Cr-lMo steels} ^gr a.#^Bo^] -fe^r steelo] large lFBR5] once-through type SG^l -8-^*}t:}3. <^7^^\JL $X^\. ^*M °1 4^^& ^2.^r°1]Ai^ high mechanical strength ^ stress corrosion cracking (secHI tfl*> *1* } 748K -496- OS HCR : High. - cnrcrrvs staei CRM :2.25Cr- |Mo stsei SUS : Austsrucc srainisss stssi" Iff7 3 l 10" V7 tO° 10' ;W Water Lsak Rate ( g/s } n^ 6.13 LEAP (2) SWACS[6.22] 3H^ ^^ SWACSfe 4^S^ SWR Af^Ng- 5B^ spike -497- Monju SGofe cover gas <$<%<>] $Xty. ^5]U large FBRofl cover gas7f ^i^(NCG) -fi-%*] SGife ufs. ^7j)# J13|W. NCG tflsH^-b CG -£-%£] SG^.4 ISP7f ^a>^^5. c] ^uj-JL , ISP ^H in-sodium -^-%^ rupture disc ^lt:]-. ZLZ\E.£. SWACS 3.H# NCG SWACSofl -f-^^ ^HS.^: Si£ H^ 6.14^- ^ in-sodium -fr^*] RD# ^*)*J- ^ ^l^ 7) pressure relief tiJJ^^ ^^l^^^-^^- *!}-§-•&]• £4. ^^fe RD finite element method(^-*>^.^^ )AS «H^^- t}7]] ^r NCG ^-^^ SGoflA-^ SWR# JS.A>*> LLTR (Large Leak Test Rig) ^ ^^-^ large FBR# 7ff^^7ff^ 1/5 -^-S.5] S.'g-^ 4 fe NCG -S-^51 SGofl tHsfHS. CG -^^^ SGif n (3) LEAP ^ SWACSfe 44 DBL£] ^^^ ^ FBR( Monju, 600 SWR 4i-t #£fe H^ 6.155+ -498- j m P Ai i\ ; Reaction 2cne 4GM (OJJ f 11 In - liquid Tvpa Oo«bU Fix) Jm \ ;. ! t •; So* a^} 6.14 SWACSofl 4 -499- Input Data ISP and its Press. for SWAC-57R PropaRation Analysis Wave Input Data QSP Press. for SWAC-13 Wave Analysis Water Leak Rate Leak Analysis for 1DEG Rate Input Data for SWAC-11 Water Leak Rate Leak Analysis for 1+N DEGs Rate Input Data Parametric Selection for LEAP Analysis of DBL HU 6.15 1 DEGfe ^£7} ^cfiom, N DEGs nf. SWACS m SWAC-11 ^ f| SWAC - ^^5. 1 DEG Y-M ^tl ISP-i- L, SWAC-13£ 1+N DEG Jf#^| tj|*> QSPl- fl> ^: SG pressure relief (7\) ^: ZL^ 6.16 lfe 533.3MWt# A^*fe helically coiled once-through SG7} *M. NCGL,} CG^5| SGfe n)J7f|^^ Mod. 9Cr-lMo steelS.^ ^^^r 31.8mm5. -. O. $] r}^ S 6. 32} -500- ACS ZL*& 6.16 6. 3 Helically coiled 1 SG Type once-through unit 2 Heat Capacity 533.3 MWt/unit Heat Balance i) Na - Flow rate 8350 ton/hr - Temp, (in/out) 505/325 °C Q ii) H20/Steam - Flow rate 854 ton/hr - Temp, (in/out) 240/487 °C - Press, (in/out) 144/132 kg/cm2A Heat Transfer Tubes - Material Mod. 9 Cr - 1 Mo steel - Outside dia. 31.8 mm - Wall thickness 3.2 mm ,4 4 - Length 70.3 m - Incination 8.7 deg - No. per unit 351 - Pitch 28.0 mm -501- (4) 4-2- 34 nq LEAPOII ^*H 4^ 44 o] n^^A-i Jife 44 wastage7f 40^ ^^ £]o] 445]71 o|l$ #4^^ 1 DEG 7)4 blowdown 46g/s peak ^# ^^K ^-^1 6.18^1 blowdown -^-i- fe ^.^ 6.194 44. Type I curve ^ NCG ^ CG^ SG 4 2+a NCG ^r 44 type II curve4 4^1 va}^ blowdown# 2+a large blowdown Hii- DBL SWR 91 #^ header4 ^^- -502- '. I v > 24 "x '—• 5 ; 31 ' ^ 2S V ^—N, / 33 X S 33 r jt ~7. S Zl / ., ; 55 • il 26) ,.^.r-< 56 ; : 49 i f \ 'V. ZL% 6.17 LEAPoff re B en as VX at 2GG nH 6.18 •503- 0 fl) flj Of s 3 si Initial LeaK Rate (g/s) n^l 6.19 tube bundle }. Curved a]tjj peak ^j;# 7H-b sharp overshoot7]- 14BH # ^r-t^Sfe 1 DEG ^ ^^Ao^B^ 1, 2, 3 DEGsS] 4 sfl^ 35, 18.5, 37 ^ 55.5kg/s^ Tfl .7] Spike ^^ 7flt> ISP ^ o| N 7fl>i>^5] -V-^-^S. curved ^-^ 6. 20ofl *f-¥- tube bundle ^^ DEG i_ -504- Parametric « ISP -^£ l^r Si pressure relief «fl:££| layout^] ^, JE?> CG^> SG£] peakfe 125 too n (0 as TG » 1O£G 30 40 Time (ms) 6.20 ZL^l 6.21^1 uj- top -f- SG ^ NCG^ SG S *M SG vessel^] pressure relief iafi^:^ ^]^°1 case 23] 30 in, case 40 i z peak7f CG^^]A-|^ 6.6kg/cm A(case 10.4(case ^ 12.7(case 2)kg/cm2A^.5. ufsj-Lj 2 J^ peak *fo|^. 4~6kg/cm Aol^j parametric sfl^^l ^^f^ pressure relief tifl^-^ SG vesselS hot-leg^ cold-leg -505- DJ s 5 w Id ~L^ 6.21 QSP ^1^^1>H^ ^f^- tube bundle 2 ^ 3 DEGs SG fe SG^ pressure release 30 in*! IHX 6.23^: pressure release "4c- QSP peakl- 300mm o] 71^ -506- peaks7f peaks 7} y 4-S-^gr SWR LEAP SWACSo) 600 MWe FBRofl blowdown blowdown- large blowdown ^^- © NCG^ ISP7} pressure relief system FBR ZSr- ra I lime (s' a^l 6.22 -507- 100 - a o Di m u 500 t ,C00 E ,500 2.000 Oiamei-af of Piping ;mms O.^ 6.23 -508- 2. ^7} 2*} 7)1^4 £§ ^-^^ lfe 2*} 61^^ ^^ o) «)|^^ DEG; double ended guillotine) 3. $a4[6.23] fe 1 nfl-f 3.7]uf c (1) *o^ aU 6.24^ milisecond rcf ^71 uasi steady state)Z} ^-4[6.25, 6.26]. inertia constraints^], rupture disk 4*£ -509- I w <0 • S/G (reaction part) IHX (propagated part) time ZL^ 6.24 (2) 713E n] -510- (homogeneous two phase)£] *1#°| % ^o]u]-. ^-§-0] D] *l if >^S] <$o] nfl-f- *M*]i£ 71^) ^ ^1^1 ^ij. ^^5] 2^-0] 71 £ f^^| Na20, NaOH phase)o]£1 J9E. computer code^l ^I*H ^-f-6!^^. ^1^-^H -g-ti^l ii3.^i computer codei) tHS^j^l c^lfe- S 6.4i} ^cf[6.30( 6.31]. *H^-i- ^1*H ?i^r computer code7} -511- initial stage; single bubble, pressure wave propagation quasi steady stage; multi-bubbles, homogeneous two phase (HTPF) end stage; multi-bubbles, discrete two phase(DTPF) oi^iiFiii H1J 6.25 ^ l°M 4 ^-^^ total release model •§•<>] o. codefe «>S. 7}^ 7} (governing equation)!-^] facilities)^- -512- 6.33, 6.34] S. 6. 4 Nation Institute Code name RETONA France EDF PISCES-2D, 3D Germany INTERATOM POOL + HEIKO FLOOD, BLUSH UK UKAEA QUARK TRANSWRAP DOE/AI USA SWAAM-I ANL SWAAM-LT PNC SWACS-3, 5, 7 SP-AX Japan INI-BUB CRIEPI SOARA India IGCA SWEPT parameterS.A-| ^ o|S.u]. model approach7> (1) 87}*] 7K6.35] # 4 -513- I ^-f-^} 315 °C +jH2 (1) 2A5z( I) +H20^Na20+H2 (2) [6.36]. Total release . 7JS1- ^^-S-H ^#^1 pool^- -f-^M cover 51 cf. o]£j. ^o| total release S«g<>l 5a Hydroxide 5.^ 4 rc}eH ^}^-^l^> total release 3.^0]} \3]-&}c$ Combined -514- H20-^BNa0H+ CNa2O+DH2 §-^l^r (stoichiometric constant, A, B, C, D)|l Parameter7f ^># ^*H ^^^°> *fe Hf °l-b oj-a^ sHof| 5]*H ^^ *r & 7} 4^;^ ol§ i T JS.^ fif ^^-^£^1 ## parameter^. *]• -7l^-(mechanism)^ ±S^ large scale test 5.^)^ #el7|i *>nf. ojij- ^^ ^^ i ^ 0.6-0.7, Tfe 1000 Equilibrium JB.1^ b- ^^«>fl>H 4 cover gas*] ^^ ife -S--8- ^w -f-ofl NaH^A-1 cover 3.7) ^4ife cover ^S-H cover g4l ^ -515- self wastage^ $1 3-f cover gas^.-^ «>t:}. He)!.}- O] Ufl . 38, 6. 391 S5] 3.717} nfl-f wastage^ 6.41]. ^ ^f#^l ^xl^ wastage^] -516- where, m' : water weight reacted with sodium m : accumulated leak weight A : reaction constant o] n> ^^ ^ H^ parameter^, ^i^^fe ^^h ^-^U ^7l*] n] (Uf) (ef) 71 s ^#-# *J:-§-^ ^^#SA| ^^7}^i]- Na2O ) 61 uf. ^ 71 C^^^L 64A] (2) #^ ^r -517- fe 3-^3.^ °)%°} friction^ tfl^l; ^>g Jp-A] two phaseej-3. *H-S- homogeneous flow<»]7| 1^1 slip velocity^ ^rf. V= CpgAtU= CpgAM AP^ ^^-^(water header^ discharge factorS.A-) ^ isentropic expansion^.5. n •518- 0.557} ^^olBW^TT 3- ^rS.^14 ^7] ^A ] PL£ 800psi, #^S^ chocking ^M $]n<^ ^%^Si| ^t:}. o] 4 U= C = Ph 7+1 3. £.7] 7f. ^yfl^^^1 (1) #^ 5i ^1M4^^1^] v fittings Hel^L °a ^# ^-"r^fe expansion tankvf ^"^tl network!- oj-f.^. ^14. ^1 ?ilfAS ^^Sf Al^lt:}. o] <^^^ JjL«-.§. junction ?1^1 24 7^1^-^ o|§ branch^]- junction^] ^^ network£S S^Sf ^ ^r $X^h Branch^] A|-^- it.^-^1 ^L^-o] compressible, one dimensional, -519- unsteady and viscous flow£|-:2. 7f^^f^ *\&3\ Q-^ *\o] [6.44]. O Continuity O Momentum d \ dP / /^ I u 1 O Energy equation 2 re: -T-'M^rSl—^1, e+\- -fe dynamic . Enthalpy^ ^-7fl^ «i^^ I&^S. dt dp dt ^ dP 8t continuity °1 ^ 7H^ ^^^5.^-^ energy equation^ dh Sound velocity, a^ s2 = - lE\ (\ -520- JE entropy S-b ^^ dp # sound velocity equation^] -J dS \ I dh \ I dh \ \ dpi* _ i 3) P d equation^ cf^-sf ^<^] # , dP , t 5P _n ^^ u, P^ ^-M- x, toil rfl»> method of characterizationA5. linear combination f + »2«)f + BlF- 0 eigen vector dJ^ASfe gradient7l- ^±£S nf^- -521- / 2 °1 iHM -J = u-\-a~£r characteristic equation*)] 5]-2- ^]1- #^ characteristic lineal-H ^^«tBS negative characteristic^- aj^S. positive characteristic^ tcj-eH^ f-*CZ JM 1 dP , rp__n dx du 1_ dP_ , r?_ n _A _ at pa dt at (2) A Vn 4] o ]^-^^^^r characteristic ;k # rcf ^r^H0) ^>. ^^" ^L^3f ^ time(t)-length(x) mesh S ^^ ^^^fe P^ ^# ^A>*W ^-*>3. positive ^ negative character!stics( C+ ^ C" )# fe ^ A, B 11 Q^Sl &£..§. 7^]^5] 6^^ ^ ^£ MA_ ^B pA Pflo| ^.^.^ M/?> WQ US_ PR linear interpolation^] 1 {UQ--UR): (UQ-UA) =SX: (XQ-XA) for c" -522- AX H P V , ' R A Q B S • uQ— ad(uQ— uR) UQ+ ad{us— UB~ pA, PB=PQ+6{a-uA){Ps-PQ) f-fe difference equations, characteristics^] (PP-PA) + FA8t=0 (PP-PB) + FBdt=O B) + pa(uA~ uB)-Pa(FA-FB)8t -523- ^ c>| branch#c»l : input = out put ]7]- $XT: -^-T" : accumulation rate = input-output (1) Pipe fittings junction #5.^i^- tee, elbow, sudden contraction ^- a 6. (2) ^1 l-b ^-S~S.-M-b ^—, expansion tank, surge tank ^^L ^ s 6.6^ uf. 300msec 16 Mbite o} FORTRAN-90 ti^S.^ ^M^u}. o] Hl 6.264 Sa^-nl, ol subroutine^ ^1#4 H# module^- ^^^-l^cf. ^ ZL^oflA-j ^-^ ^5] boxufl^ o|=- module ^ subroutine^] ^]## ^}^T^ zj- module^ o]^ -524- 6. 5 Fittings Conditions - material balance sudden contraction - force balance expansion — u2 + P+ z+ /= constant - material balance tee - force balance pt+St pt+St pt+St u = 0 or n = 0 closed end n x - material balance t + St t+St Un — U\ - force balance dummy r>t+ St pt+ St "n ~ •* 1 - material balance t+St . t+St Un — U\ elbow - force balance p Un 2 (un 0 + Pn = g («i i + i + 2 ^ ' -525- 16.6 24 Tfl^f tfl*]; Equipment Conditions constant pressure tank P = constant surge tank o - volume conditions dV, = -dVg . dV^ilAjUnj -2At«u expansion tank - pressure conditions-" cover gas-2] ^^}7} adiabatic r PV'g = P0V 0 = constant - conditions t#* = u[+St ^ i^* = Pi+* far end - no pressure reflection after far end - before burst ; closed end dummy - after burst ; surge tank -526- STABIL WRITA RUPTUR PREPAR AMODI PROPOSO PIPEIN PREMAIN REACIN WAEQU CONSTA REFTEM WARIN BRANC BIIMTER BACTOR BOUNDA DUMMY PIPES SQROOT TEE EXPAN CLOSE AINTER FACTOR SOURCE RUNSPH RATWAT RUNCYL SHEAT 6.26 -527- Module Connection Purpose Remarks Name Subroutine SPIPRE premain data*l ^/#3, 7)]-^ *H PREPA prepar 2} branch^*] node^A-j c}^- BRANCH brae A]^> step^ ^ Tfltf BOUND bounda BC 7)1^ aJ-g-^l ^ ^3 ^ A]^> REACT source step*] ^ 7^1 A> SHEAT sheat #/^El»] «i^n^ ^A& ^^ ^^ modi fi cat ion*H (module prepao]-g-). °^ °1# ^^^1 format-2-S. ^r module BRANCH^]A-] AS 4 junction^] & ^1 °1 program^-H^ f ^-o] a>-g-*}^- ^1^-U} reaction zone-c: junction^-S. 4-1 iE boundary conditional- %£#§ module BOUNDS^1 ^*\ module REACTS.^ 4-l B>. (1) network^A] «f-§-ofl -528- 7} reaction zone pipe SG bubble leaked branch l 1,6 junction^- ^^ reflection^] ^4*>*| <&^ far end , branch 2+3+4 fe n^ 6.272} ^^t^, o|^ o] .46, 6.47]. pressure spike7} milisecondolu|()§ dT, :#( conversi on) ^ 44 6.28, 6.29 ^ 6.302} •f ^ -529- o u en u ro pressure, bar 0 • 0 • n it 0 • JE nfln r|n: o i o 0 • i 3 D O " o O d|n o I 3 0 • to w & ^~ X _!. w tos O 0 • cm/s e o ?f IQ S^se c " w" TO O n o " no oo 0 • ifl ri temperature, K A2, r£ 40 2400 35 - 15- - 1600 10 1400 .7 .8 1.0 conversion, - ZL^ 6.29 4 100 1 10 100 water leak rate, kg/sec ZL^ 6.30 4 -531- (2) 4^-tl ^AZL^ iW^ 3.%*}7] ^*H 4^" Wsuper position methodH continuity equation^ t:}^- dx{pAv)~ dt ^~fca^+3f ^ ^ "y3x + dt _ 2 32ff _ d2 dt2 dx d2v __ 2 d2v dt2 ~° dx2 F, f ^ G, gfe ^J^^ *}^1^, Cl c2fe ^^.^^6)4. o] a -532- ©jif £©) junction^ surge tank{^^«> -b H = B0o|£l 3 o] 3 bar*] ^^^.S. -^^5]^ ^ #o)}M$] 66.67 bar*] jt U}, ©1 £#£ ^c. (3) -533- I 40 W 20 0 - 8 10 12 14 16 time, msec n.^ 6.31 7}*] model test -534- parameter study - KALIMER 24 ^^# ^ 2^ 44*1 4^-5.4 PNC*] njtiKg- ^^^^[6.50]^ ANL5] ^ J^# ^lf^ SWACS an 1/12.5 low plentuneflA|£l ^^^^1- ^4^f3- ^3ff ^^t^^uf. o| ^ ^. <£^-6fl4 7B^5i 3.H SPIKEif^ u]J2.fe nm 6.33 ^1 6. low -535- 1950 478 1746 pulse 1980 absorber 2315 448 1137 100 108 70 2707 640 pulse 2104 generator 75 IHX H.% 6.32 IHX5] -536- 4 - 3 - . calculated 15 ~L^} 6.33 IHX (SPIKE 3 - calculated(PNC) ..;:'- -:--::.- i 2 Q. 1^ I 5 10 15 time, msec ZL^ 6.34 IHXS] (SPIKE 5.H611 51 «> Hi -537- 7f ANL5] Shin ^^ EBR-II^ # H^I 6.35i4 ^^r ^-^*> 24 pipe network A]> ^ 6.36^ SPIKED -538- n.% 6.35 -539- 30 at junction 9 25- 03 20 at reaction zone lif K 15 co CO LU a: 10 5 - 0 - 0.00 Viscous Effect Included Viscous Effect Neglected 0.20 6.36 EBR-II -540- 61 7] 5} inertia constraints^], -& rupture disk spiked parameter study -§•# 4. 2^" HOPRE s^ 51 -541- self-wastage[6.53] 5f wastages}^! -f^. £ ne] 2*1- fe wastage^] 51 «> l€-yf 1 DEG(double ended 51 nl ^[6.57] , °1# initial pressure -542- spiked o]^;zf o) .58, 6.59], £• ^^-^!^| ^*).^ SPIKE7f S o|§ ^-A^>y-^EH(quasi steady state)Bf3. ^-€-4[6.61]. o] icfl^ ^-§~f^^l ^#^] ^5^ i^^sj^ ^^.^ ^#^f ^7)1 «:s.7fl 5]JL <>1 ^#^ ^-^^r inertia constraints ^ rupture disci- 100msec «L#(two phase 7^1S. tfligsl7)1 5]-brfl, 1"—-§- 7}^^" 41 ^i^ °]€-yf homogeneous two phase flowo] -c-W> discrete two phase flow^]cf. tcfej-A] spiked ^^, «h§- fe homogeneous two phase ^^-^^", discrete two phased) ^•^• homogeneous two phase *L# -543- 1^£ HOPREl- Drift Flux Model-i- ^-g-*H *l*nv ** ^ ^r £Ur upwind scheme^ 4"§-*H *VW&BiJM, <>1 -^ij- semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equation IE A] ^ SPIKE ^ homogeneous flow<>M-fe 3.7l7> nfl-f 71 (1) Continuity Equation d(mass) _ = input — output dt dx -_) ~ O .- ^ „ ° ° ° cT o £ AREA:A H^ 6.37 -544- dAp v — Q dt dx £- ^-S. ;£•§•( liquid) phased = 0 dt dt (2) Momentum Equation balanced rate of rate of rate of 2 of accumulation of momentum momentum force acting momentum flow input flow out on system dApvuv dt phased dt dx momentum equation -545- dF (3) Energy Equation rate of accumulation internal/ kinetic total rate of of internal/kinetic energy flow heat addition energy by convection by conduction total rate of work done by system °\$\ •fe- energy equation^- 2^ ^-s-°il cflt} ^r^-^-5. ^\-% dAoI , 3 pipe wall# ^*> heat loss J£^ 7}<£$1 *,)•• (4) Relative Velocity Momentum equation^]- 71^-^1- ^^3] ^-S.^}, relative velocity^] d ur=uv-u, # l^-^f^ relative velocity^ ^}%3\ Q°\ -546- (5) Vapor Density Equation dt (6) ideal gas law-b PV = nRT = °\t\, , ^ P=p°vR'T (7) 7}^, - 4 cell d\]*\±r ^: ^-^(homogeneous) . <$• 1^ dropo] 4^ Pi={l-6)p°, and °, = f(T) pvUv+ p{Ui= pll -547- uv— Uf= nr Pi— Pjv = lv Ev-\- Cv\ Tv — To) — Cv\\TV— To) and I,= E,+ C,(T,-T0)-Cn(T,-T0)* T= Tv= Ti 1"^, momentum I77l)o]u}-. S. : p° , p? , Pt,. p,, p -S. : «„, M/ , ^, u *1 :/,/„, 7, Bj| : tf, P, T, Tv, T, partial differential equation : 5 7)| relations : 12 7l[ (1) momemtum ^. H^j 6.384 -548- 1 2 k-1 k k+1 igri Igrli h—H I*—H I ctx(i) I 1 dcU(i*1)l INNER CELLS 4 1. ZL^ 6.38 71 el ^ interface of cell center of cell y y y y y k i+2 aH 6.39 44^ ^^^ bulk properties7} ^ Cell*] f^HW ^^5]fe ^^ : delx(k), den(k), denv(k), denKk), temp(k), p(k), pp(k), t(k), e(k), ev(k), el(k), theta(k) p. interpolation*}-^ f) = [ 1 — ratio{ k) ] denv{ k +1) + env( k) cell ^ k o] uk=- -549- (2) (7\) Continuity Equation ^ntl continuity equation^ H^ 6.40^f ^£ dx k+1 i-1, i, i+1 : interface of cell k-1, k, k+1 : average of cell 3.^ 6.40 4 puA\ i = {uA)iPk if (uA)i > 0 - (MA),-P*+1 if (uA)i < 0 operator [ , ] ( [a, b] - a, if a>b, [a,b] = b, if a i. 0 ]- 0 -550- +pk[{uA)i %}k - 0 ] = 0 L R a (i) i) pk+a (i) where, a\i) = -[ (aA)M,0 ] ,-,0 J AS. momentum equation ^ JE-g- # L where, a (i) = — [ (puA)k, 0 ] [(puA)k, 0] I. 0 -551- < Energy Equation > R i) Ik+a (i) Ik+l = se(i) L where, a (i) = -[(puA)i-1, 0 ] ,--I, 0] R a (i)=-[-{puA)h 0 < Vapor Density Equation > where, Relative Velocity Equation -552- where, K Cd : drag coefficient N : Number of Hydrogen Bubbles for B±\ 6>\ 6 1-6 I6_\m r 3(1-6)3(1-6)]' L AnN J 3(1-0) cell interfacel- #^^5. k P°v ur\ i Sx u > 0, M0 > 0, -553- 3.7]7\ 4£ o) (pi.i- l.i-1 Pv,i-l) o o = 0 Pv Pl \Pv PJ where, a = = \-^}+ui+Ki-^-Sx I 01 Ji Pv.iPl.i c — — c.Pi-i-\ Pi Pijt Pv Pi Ji ur lJ—P v.i) where, a = — • -554- c = — Pv Pi Pv Pi (3) Pressure Correction (7\) o] 4 3.^ ^i- j^. 7} F '51 #•£- u — u+ u P = P+ P ' P = P+P ' or Pv = •555- P = Pv+Pl = Pv P = Pv+Pl = Pv = pv+ix-d)p, ^°1 P,=T, Momentum equation^ ^^-^^^^^ aid) m-! + (&(£) Ui+aid) ui+l = sm(i) = sm(i) aid) (ui-O' + amW) (uiY + aid) (ui+1)' = (sw(i))' Sw(0 o))^ pressure term°]; ^ 2- = u(-\—Th: -556- (ef) JEE t\^J\ ^^ ^Tjl-H pressure correction equation.£5.-?-E] Pi-\ = Continuity equation^ k cell# -f-y^S. i-l L p R a (k)Pk-{ + a (k)Pk' + a (k)Pk+l' = sp(k) L i 1 where, a (*) = -^,._1p,._1 —F7 r —-A^lBi. h sP{k) = -Ak[^ -557- SPIKE SS^fe 200 300 msec?]-*])! two phased vapor *#ofl St\ir}6\ /\ B A, B, Hej3. C7\ sa Ai} sudden contraction ^ sudden expansion^] o]6\] ^j-^>«> friction loss# 3.^*>!:>. (Subroutine Friction (1) -g-7](Constant Pressure Tank) -558- s. • P°v, : 6, P, T, Tv 4 6, P, T pv=6p°v, Pi=(l-ff)P°i and 2 /„=£,+ c( rt, - r0) - c,! (r8 - ro) and /,= £,+ ccrz-rj-dCTy T= Tv= Ti (2) (3) -f-n] -§-71 (cover gas ^! 6.412f ^o] ] 7} cover -559- ^ Vs °1#^ cover gas Vm $] two phase)±S. 5)°1 to, two phased ^1(liquid, o| ^ ^ 1 two phase6l|>H^ ?!]^ •§• thermal energy ^•^•7} ^^_ °1 thermal energy°># output (line 1,2,...k) V input (line 1,2,...I) m V +Vm= Vt = constant O.^ 6.41 (7f) Time step, St ^3.6\}M$] <£•§• sodium input ; W!fi = St 2AK Pt,nuLn in gjmsec 6 8t ^Q ^ sodium output ; Wl0 = St -560- vapor input ; WvJ = St JfAHpv.nuv,n St -§- JEE X\& - sodium : Wi - vapor : Wv p y - gas : W^ = ° ° = constant JXgl 0 - sodium : Wj = Wt+ St HlAnpLnUin— St 2A2 p/t2 uh2 -vapor : Wv = Wv+St ^An pv.n uv,n-St ^A2 pv.t uVw2 mixture phased, vapor7f 7fx]^ oflu^) : ^ t, = p^ Cp,v(Tt-Ta) gas7f 7Mfe 6flM*l : ff,^ - ^ C^ (T,-Tj p/,M «,,nCA/ (Tn- To) vapor7} 7}*]±r ^IM^l : HvJ = St Z^AnpvnuvnCp_v (Tn— To) Mil St -^^>^1 ^1^1 o] ^§3.$] mixture phaseS.^-Bl u •2 Pl.2 l,2 Cp_ i ( Tt— To) vapor7} 7|-*|-fe °1}^*) • -561- mixture phased cp,,{ w,+ wu- wl0) + cp.v (wv+ wvA- wv,0) + cp,gws}( Tm- n = St [ ^AnPinuL„( Cp. i, nA Tn- Cp,,, A T^ + ^Anpv,nuv,n( CAr,„A T«- CA,.t& Tt)] ^ 7}^^-^ two phase ^£$>) <£^°] njj-f Baj-3.71 ttfl^] o] a%$) 7}*J f^*! ^^-b mixtureif cover gas mixture^}- cover gas *}<>]$] ^rM^^^Mh vapor ^^S } two phased tankS] 6]-^^. 7}^OV 4=7)1 n>§7) 4^^ ^^^-S.1- 7}^^fe ^-f 7]- severe^T)] sfi^^Ffe ^o] 5^u}. (rf) 7} ^^^f , ol# ^^*V^ V^-^^S} ^°1 ^^K &. mixture i-fl^ vapor PVv=nRTm , trfeM ^=^^7} 5]^ mixture liquid phaseoflA-lb 7,= -? °\ Pi Vt= Vs+ Vm= Vg+ Vi+ Vv= constant 7} (nRT +nRT ) P= e m -562- (4) $J3 ^) -g-7] (cover gas cover gas7f $4"b ^£ -f^HW yg = cover gas7} 61 ^ sodium input ; Wu = 8t^AnpLnuLn ing/msec 1 - 8t ^Q ^ sodium output : WLo = St ^lA2 p!i2 ^1,2 - St •§• 9}tf\ vapor input : WvJ = St ^An pv,nuv_n - dt -^^] vapor output : P7e>0 = «» ^]A2 pD-2 «0,2 sodium vapor sodium : W,+ St ^AnpLnuLn- St - vapor : Wv+ St ^An pv,n nv_n- St C,., (P7/+ W^.,- ^t0) + CP,V(WV+ WvJ- WVJK Tm- Tt) rn 4 Pi (5) ^-i-^^-b cover gas7} &b cover gas7f term#c>] -563- (7}) i#-# ^ ¥t"#^ source term£] H5JU o| ^oflA-]i= SPIKE codeS] Sa-^-U 1~2msec steady leak rateS. H2O = (l~0)NaOH ^^r 0.4 °]r}. O ^a + 0) = 1-788889 #(l-^ = 1.33333333 = 1.3777778 l + /3) = 0.07777778 voidage-t ^711 £)^L ^-§-^^5.^-^ -^#5]^ two phase A A . 5. ^ ^ NaOHif Na20 fe -564- of formation) heat of reaction^- -?•** ^ ^1-^-^, °lfe /? 5] fe # 1 gram ^ -^ojcK msec = 41840x( 1.869-0.139/?) for Tt < 323 °C o = 41840x (1.869-0.1390-2029.00ai for 323 < Tf < 1132 "C (1.869-0.1390-(2092.00ffi + 6738.47or2) for 1132 °C < Tt - sodium : W, - vapor : WJ, o] ^^A^-^-B] *}\J$) time step 8t %^o\] °] sodium input ; Wu = 8t^AnPlnuKn in gI msec St -^^l^l sodium output : WKo - & ^]A2 pa uL2 vapor input ; WvA = St ^AnPv,nuv,n vapor output ; P7U.O = St - sodium : Wl = W,+ St^Anplnuln- St ^A2pK2uL2- St aN Ww -vapor : Wv - Wv+ St ^An pt, n uv,n-8t ^A2 p,,2 uv,2 + St aH Ww -565- 1 - Na2O • W ^ = [ Wn + St ax Ww 1 - NaOH • Wk = [WP2 + St a2Ww] 1-"^] (cf) vapor S] It^l : i/,,, = p^. Ct,v ( T,- ^n Pv.n uv.nCp,v (Tn- To) AH08t Ww 2 Kv - msec -K K~~ msec2 J2-B -n-#^l vapor = Cp,v (Tt- To) St ^A2 pVi2 uVi2 = Cp,v {T- TO)WV, mixture phased] - case I : -&S.7} NaOH^l ^--§-^(323 0C)^.i:> ^^ ( TT/ I TTT XT/ \ I /~s / TT/ I TT/ TTT \ /~^ TT/ I z^"1 XT/ \ ( rT^ T"* \ [A/1 -r- \A/t •— \A/i ) —r- I I 1/1/ -r~ \A/ •—- M/ )[ i l/v-™ -r- I t^ l/Vm H / — / 1 St [ZfAnPi7nut_„(CPrinA Tn — Cp_/,fA T,) -566- npv,nuv,„(Cp,,,»ATB- Cp.i A Tt) +AH0 WJ - case II : ^S.7} NaOH£| -§--§-^(323 °C)}Lt} ±£^} Na20£] «§-§- (1132 °C) JsLufe ^^ ^-f. o) ^^-^ CA, (P7,+ Wu- W,J+CP,O(WV+ WvJ- W^ + CflWn + CgiWn }(T^- Tt) (W, CPJ+ Wu CPJ- WLoCPJ+ Wv Cp,v+ WvJ Cp,v- Wv,o Cp,v + CplWn + Cp2WP2 )A Tt {Cp,i (P7,+ W^.,- ^,0) + Cp,, ( ^+ P^.f- Wv.o) + CplWn + Cp2Wn }( T^- n HU+ Wu Cp,lATt-Hl,0+Hv,t+ WvJ Cp,vATt-Hv,0 +H = HrJl Mixture ^H^l vapor phaseoflA-j^- PVv=nRTm , n 7} 5]n^, mixture M|SJ liquid phased]A^ y, ^- t:]^- 1 pee, PsiP Pa o] ^3.$] -f-31^- ^^*}£1 Vt= V,+Vv= constant 7} 5]n| l-V V vc^- p- -567- (7f) Simple Straight Pipe 2*]- $]*}*] <&^ rfs. 71 pipe ' (132) boundary 1 boundary2 .^ 500 K, 6j-^^ 1 bar fl-H Bl*1 ^^^ ^£ 700K, *& 5 bar 2?U ^ >> i} •£ 10cm, n.Z]3. afl^l roughness^- 0.001473cm 200, 400, 600msec ^ ^ ^AoVAo^lf('n 1880msec -568- THIS PAGE IS MISSING IN THE ORIGINAL DOCUMENT overshoot^ vapor £| ^J» B, C ® 400 | 400 100 100 500 1000 1500 2000 time, msec O.Q 6.43 o] pipe -570- 5, 9, 13 1151:2. 18 msec7f B2 ^± ^4. SPIKE 3.B.0)} 5 afl-g-ofl o) 5 -• 3 - CO \ \ • 2 - 1 • v 200 400 600 800 1000 length, cm an 6.44 -571- A, B, ZL^ 6.454}- 1900msec two phased ^^-^fe <% 1150msecS^ if ^.^1 6.46^)- H^ 6.45^1 500 1000 1500 2000 time, msec D.^ 6.45 4 -572- 200 400 600 800 1000 length, cm O.^ 6.46 #£ A, B, o • +• (l-6)p0 fe 44 H^J 6.47, 6.48 gj 6.494 of?] :o\ 7}14 0.0013] 5 7) ^-^-## 900msec ^6\}^ 4<^1 ojf tn two -573- phased JN H^J 6.48 ' 7^)7)1 SjnJ, oj^ .5 D •o 1 500 1000 1500 time, msec 6.47 ^£- -574- 200 400 600 length, cm 6.48 #£ 0.001-0.1 77}*}*] 400 600 soo length, cm 6.49 #^ -575- Straight Pipe with Sudden Expansion(Contraction) boundary 1 pipe boundary2 I r 250 250 500 250 450 100 200 lbar, 500°C ?J ^-^• 0.001# , t = o] 5bar, -&S. 700°C . o) xrH 2]^^ «] 1.2S ZL 6.50 gl 6.512]- ^cf. Aif ^-^ 6.43 ^ 6.45 100msec 7Mfe -576- o) 500 1000 1500 2000 time, msec n.^ 6.50 -577- 500 1000 1500 2000 time, msec 6.51 4 71 el611 44 H^l 6.52, 6. 53 ^ ZL^ 6. ^-^ 6. $) ;go| -578- ""*-"•.. CO .a CO CO after 200msec after 400msec after 600msec at steady state 200 400 600 800 1000 length, cm H^I 6.52 H^ 6.544} ^ -579- u tfE mixture density, velocity, cm/msec en 4 Oi O> en CO > is JS jg, ri oo 0 O rim (D (a M 5 0 3 O) 0 0 CO (2) (7\) cover gas ^f cover gas7} plenum^ tank sudden expansion ^ contraction^] 2000msec Vt= 50 \ ) 100 300 100 400 pipe A (inlet) pipe B (outlet) ZL^] 6.55^} 5.7]ofl A5| two phased) , 0} -581- 500 1000 1500 2000 time, msec H^ 6.55 fs. -g.7]. 51 gas Phase7} , o] o] ^AOV^ D) Aj^ofl ixf^ H^ 6.564 cover gas7f ^fe- -g- -582- U aE u velocity, cm/msec nE pressure, bar rim _J _i L- on \ [a -a \ -In -^ \ \ \ I •A \ rUi IV ^ \ ? •% \ C; IV I JL a|o 3 I 5 i EC \\ oo 41 \\ nisi Hi A \ 'l « 1 ', 1 "I ! 'n 1 i O 1 [ to o(d -j* ! ^ (U|(B Jp iS I""'" O a ::- i -iJ ri (Q r i .J ai ; 2 To (U|(U jjj a* 0 di|n] c .,..;. ne a a. : i '•'•• i i, —' RJ r>i en O O|D (U|lU voidage, - . <^7\O\]X] Ji-b #2* ^o] ^3 3.0*^- ^-4^1n> xi^ol u}^ tiff ^uf. ol^ cover gas7} &^ -g-7]^ ^-foflS. entrance pressure loss!- ^^ -g^tt ^-fS *IH^ ^r &W ^AS. oflW Vo ^, a ^^)^*J ^*o l al^ € ^^(^11- #^ ^7l^^7|6| lower plenum)^ -¥-3i| -g-71 (cover gas 5J cover gas7f §i^ cover gas7} ^H*>fe E|3.# 3-^^}^ -^.^1-. °\Z\?Lt 2. ^ 2^} yWofH ^7l^-^7|^| ^--f plenumuf expansion 3 3 fe #?>^3^ -fs]£ 50000cm ^S ^^^1°> °) -¥-=m°flfe 20,000cm ^ cover gas7]- A, Bfe ^5f -^^ ^ ^ ^fS.5] A|^];ol| rc}§ ^sj-^ ZL^l 6.58 ^ £.!=. ^2\ 7^o] -^^ ^lfe cover 7fA Pipe Aofl «l-tdl ^^5]^. -g-7|i4fS. ^°) -frQ&lx]^ <& •=?• cover gas 4^8- €^ ^ §11^ 376 1. 7fli 376 2. ^fl-S ^f# €4H1 tfl^ oj^ 3.% 376 7}. q^4?*\ #el .^q ^ 376 M-. 4i#-l- Slr-S- 380 4. Wastage ^ ^ ¥# ^-^ 383M A3
drain^ ^[$1-^^}, Leak
pressure relief mechan ism A Large-leak test rig(LLTR)[6. 8]«>fl ^*> ^^ ^ H $]2) r}^ •#-*H large-leak^] cjft> ^etioV^-^-5. SWRP subsystem^ -ti^^M 5) Si 6.1^, rt}eH ojo^l ^i^- ^7H# ^^*}^t:f. ifl^}^ small progressive leakJ£ ^71^^^)^ ^^^.oflA-] large leak-i}
W\ Large DBLsofl
# ^r#^.£7|- 0.1~10g/s*l target-wastage A v< ZL^m Y#^-£7f lOg/s o] o ?l multi-wastage ^^ofH-b wastage fe 2.25Cr-lMo steel4 ^-uf. i|m^]-^ ^^ofl ucfS- wastage 4 A^, 2.25Cr-lMo steel SI71 4^
^-5.5. pipe A pipe B