Acute Complex Emergency: South declared its independence in July 2011. The conflict between Northern central government and Southern Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) began in 1983 and continued until the signing of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005. This period of Sudanese history can be considered a ‘protracted complex emergency’; however, the present state of newly independent South Sudan can be considered an ‘acute’ complex emergency. Fighting erupted between the (SAF) and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N) in Sudan's South Kordofan and Blue States. It concerns theS delimitationouth S uof dthea nborder Gr andos thes C sharingell Pof rtheod oilu depoct isitsn found199 between0 Sudan and South Sudan. As a result of this ongoing violence, 200,000 have fled into South Sudan, home to 360, 000 IDPs; however, there is also a high rate of inter-communal violence in areas with complex ethnic geography. Combined, this is leading to tensions over land. Four million people are food insecure and acute malnutrition affects over 18% among children under five. 50.6% of population was living below the national poverty line in 2009. Finally, droughts and floods are commonErit rinea South Sudan and occurred consistently since 2005.

Conflict GDP

Sudan Malakal

Ethiopia

Ethnic Geography of South Sudan Wau

Central African Republic

Ethnic Geography of South Sudan South Sudan Natural Disasters from 2000 to 2011

Ethnic Geography (number of ethnic communities in each district)Malakal Environmental Disasters Sudan

Ethiopia Congo (Democratic Republic of the) Uganda Kenya Wau Malakal Sudan Malakal Sudan Ethiopia Central African Republic 0 50 100 200 Miles Ethiopia Tanzania Wau Rwanda Wau Gross Cell Product (1990, 1995 US $) PPP

Central African Republic 15 100 000 - 30 000 000 Central African Republic 30 000 000 - 55 000 000 55 000 000- 71 000 000 71 000 000 - 91 000 000 91 000 000- 193 000 000 Africa Kenya Congo (Democratic Republic of the) Uganda Number of Ethnical Groups ! Congo (Democratic Republic of the) Kenya 1 - 3 Uganda 4 - 6 Kenya Congo (Democratic Republic of the) Uganda N7u -m 1b0er of Ethnical Groups 0 50 100 200 Miles 11 - 13 1 - 3 14 - 16 4 - 6 Rwanda Tanzania ! 0 50 100 200 Miles 7 - 10 Number of Natural Disasters Burundi 11 - 13 Drought and General Flood 0 14 - 16 Tanzania Rwanda 1 - 3 0 50 100 200 Miles 4 - 5 Burundi 6 - 7 8 - 9