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Struktur Komunitas Bulu Babi (Echinoidea) Yang Berasosiasi Dengan Ekosistem Lamun Di Pulau Barrang Lompo, Sulawesi Selatan

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Struktur Komunitas Bulu Babi (Echinoidea) Yang Berasosiasi Dengan Ekosistem Lamun Di Pulau Barrang Lompo, Sulawesi Selatan STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS BULU BABI (ECHINOIDEA) YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN EKOSISTEM LAMUN DI PULAU BARRANG LOMPO, SULAWESI SELATAN SKRIPSI NURUL HUDA MUSFIRAH PROGRAM STUDI MANAJEMEN SUMBERDAYA PERAIRAN JURUSAN PERIKANAN FAKULTAS ILMU KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN MAKASSAR 2018 1 STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS BULU BABI (ECHINOIDEA) YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN EKOSISTEM LAMUN DI PULAU BARRANG LOMPO, SULAWESI SELATAN NURUL HUDA MUSFIRAH L211 12 253 Laporan Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Di Jurusan Perikanan Fakultas Ilmu Kelautan Dan Perikanan Universitas Hasanuddin PROGRAM STUDI MANAJEMEN SUMBERDAYA PERAIRAN JURUSAN PERIKANAN FAKULTAS ILMU KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN MAKASSAR 2018 2 RIWAYAT HIDUP Penulis bernama lengkap Nurul Huda Musfirah yang merupakan anak keempat dari empat bersaudara. Terlahir dari pasangan Tarsudi dan Yayuk Hernanik. Penulis lahir di Takalar pada tanggal 30 September 1994. Penulis telah melewati pendidikan formal sekolah taman kanak – kanak di TK Aisyiah Kec. Mariso Kota Makassar pada tahun 1999, lanjut sekolah dasar di SD. Kakak tua pada tahun 2000 dan di SD. Inpres Panaikang II / I Kota Makassar pada tahun 2001, lanjut sekolah menengah pertama di SMP Negeri 29 Makassar pada tahun 2006, lanjut sekolah menengah atas di SMA Nasional Makassar pada tahun 2009 dan lulus pada tahun 2012. Pada tahun yang sama penulis diterima di Universitas Hasanuddin di program strata satu Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan, Jurusan Perikanan, Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan melalui jalur ujian Seleksi Nasional Masuk Perguruan Tinggi Negeri (SNM–PTN). Selama menjadi mahasiswa penulis pernah mengabdikan diri pada masyarakat selama kurang lebih dua bulan di Kelurahan Melayu Baru, Kecamatan Wajo, Kota Makassar dalam rangka Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) Tematik Infrastruktur Pemukiman Angkatan 93 tahun 2016 yang merupakan salah satu tugas akhir sebelum meraih gelar sarjana, melakukan Praktek Kerja Lapang (PKL) / magang di Desa Mandalle, Kecamatan Mandalle, Kabupaten Pangkajene dan Kepulauan, kemudian penulis pernah mengabdi sebagai asisten pada mata kuliah Ikhtiologi, Ekologi Perairan, dan Limnologi. Penulis melakukan penelitian dengan judul “Struktur Komunitas Bulu Babi (Echinoidea) yang berasosiasi pada ekosistem lamun di Pulau Barrang Lompo, Sulawesi Selatan” di bawa bimbingan Dr. Ir. Nadiarti M.Sc. dan Moh. Tauhid Umar, S.Pi., M.P. 4 ABSTRAK Nurul Huda Musfirah, L21112253. Struktur Komunitas Bulu Babi (Echinoidea) yang berasosiasi dengan Ekosistem Lamun di Pulau Barrang Lompo, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan (dibimbing oleh Dr. Ir. Nadiarti, M.Sc. sebagai pembimbing utama dan Moh. Tauhid Umar, S.Pi., M.P. sebagai pembimbing anggota. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi jenis bulu babi, kepadatan individu dan kepadatan relatif, indeks keanekaragaman, indeks keseragaman, indeks dominansi, dan kepadatan bulu babi (Echinoidea) yang berasosiasi dengan ekosistem lamun (seagrass) di Pulau Barrang Lompo, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Adapun kegunaan dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai bahan informasi mengenai kepadatan bulu babi (Echinoidea) di perairan Pulau Barrang Lompo, serta dapat menjadi acuan bagi penelitian selanjutnya di lokasi yang sama. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus sampai Oktober 2017 di Pulau Barrang Lompo dan dianalisis di Laboratorium Kualitas Air Jurusan Perikanan Universitas Hasanuddin. Pada penelitian ini stasiun di tentukan berdasarkan sebaran dan tutupan lamun sehingga terdapat dua stasiun yaitu stasiun I berada pada daerah lamun jarang (SS = Seagrass Sparse), sedangkan stasiun II berada pada daerah lamun padat (SD = Seagrass Dense). Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada saat air surut terendah di kedua stasiun dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan komposisi jenis, kepadatan jenis, kepadatan relatif, indeks keanekaragaman, indeks keseragaman, dan indeks dominansi. Hasil dari penelitian ditemukan 6 jenis bulu babi yang tergolong dalam 3 family yaitu Diadematidae, Temnopleuridae, dan Toxopneustidae. Kepadatan bulu babi tertinggi terdapat pada jenis Diadema setosum (2,52 ind/m2) di stasiun I (lamun jarang) sedangkan yang terendah terdapat pada jenis Echinothrix calamaris (0,01 ind/m2) di kedua stasiun. Untuk kepadatan relatif tertinggi berada pada jenis Diadema setosum yaitu 99% di stasiun I sedangkan yang terendah pada jenis Echinothrix calamaris yaitu 0% di stasiun I. Struktur komunitas bulu babi di Pulau Barrang Lompo menunjukkan bahwa pada stasiun II memiliki kualitas perairan lebih bagus daripada stasiun I karena memiliki indeks keanekaragaman tinggi, sebaran individu relatif sama dan indeks dominansi rendah. Dari hasil uji t yang diperoleh menunjukkan kepadatan bulu babi pada daerah lamun jarang (SS) lebih besar dari pada daerah lamun padat (SD) (t hitung (1.8707) > t tabel (1,7396)). Indeks keanekaragaman bulu babi di daerah lamun padat lebih tinggi di bandingkan dengan di daerah lamun jarang. Kata kunci : Pulau Barrang Lompo, bulu babi, komposisi jenis, kepadatan, struktur komunitas 5 ABSTRACT Nurul Huda Musfirah, L21112253. The Community Structure of Sea Urchin (Echinoidea) in association with the Seagrass Ecosystem at Barrang Lompo Island, South Sulawesi Province (under direction of Dr. Ir. Nadiarti, M.Sc. as the first suvervisor and Moh. Tauhid Umar, S.Pi., MP as the second suvervisior. This study aims to determine the composition of the species of sea urchin, individual density and relative density, diversity index, uniformity index, dominance index, and density of sea urchins (Echinoidea) associated with seagrass ecosystems in Barrang Lompo Island, South Sulawesi Province. The usefulness of this research is as information about the density of sea urchin (Echinoidea) in the waters of Barrang Lompo Island, and can be a reference for further research in the same location. The implementation of this research was conducted from August to October 2017 on Barrang Lompo Island and analyzed at Water Quality Laboratory of Fisheries Department of Hasanuddin University. In this research station is determined based on the distribution and seagrass cover so that there are two stations : station I is in seagrass sparse area (SS), while station II is in seagrass dense area (SD). Sampling was conducted at the lowest tide at two stations and analyzed using species composition, density type, relative density, diversity index, uniformity index, and dominance index. The results of the study found 6 types of sea urchins belonging to 3 families namely Diadematidae, Temnopleuridae, and Toxopneustidae. The density of the sea urchins in the Diadema setosum (2.52 ind/m2) in station I (seagrass sparse) whereas in the type of Echinothrix calamaris (0.01 ind/m2) in two stations. For the highest relative density is in the type of Diadema setosum that is 99% in station I while the lowest in the type of Echinothrix calamaris is 0% in station I. Community structure of sea urchins in Barrang Lompo Island shows that at station II has better water quality than station I because it has a high diversity index, relatively equal individual distribution and low dominance index. From the results of the t test, it was found that the density of sea urchins in the seagrass sparse area (SS) was greater than in the seagrass dense (SD) area (t arithmetic (1.8707)> t table (1.7396)). The index of the diversity of sea urchins in areas of seagrass dense is higher than in seagrass sparse areas. Keywords: Barrang Lompo Island, sea urchin, species composition, density, community structure 6 KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillahirabill Alamin, tiada kata yang pantas diucapkan selain mengucap syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas segala kebesaran nikmat dan karunianya, tak lupa kami panjatkan salawat dan salam bagi junjuganku Muhammad Rasulullah SAW. Sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Skripsi dengan judul “Struktur komunitas bulu babi (Echinoidea) yang berasosiasi dengan ekosistem lamun di Pulau Barrang Lompo, Sulawesi Selatan”. Skripsi ini dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan di Pulau Barrang Lompo, Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan dan merupakan persyaratan untuk kelulusan bagi mahasiswa program studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan (MSP) Fakultas Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar. Dengan segala kerendahan hati, penulis mengucapkan banyak terima kasih kepada : 1. Ayahanda Tarsudi dan Ibunda Yayuk Hernanik yang telah memberikan dukungan moril maupun material, serta segenap do’a, restu dan kasih sayangnya selama ini yang senantiasa ada bersamaku. 2. Dr. Ir. Nadiarti, M.Sc., selaku penasehat akademik dan sebagai pembimbing utama yang telah memberi bimbingan, arahan, dan ilmu pengetahuan demi terselesaikannya penelitian dan skripsi ini. 3. Moh. Tauhid Umar, S.Pi., M.P., sebagai pembimbing anggota yang telah memberi bimbingan, arahan, dan ilmu pengetahuan demi terselesaikannya skripsi ini. 4. Dody Priosambodo, S.Si., M.Si., dan Yayu Anugrah La Nafie, ST., M.Sc., Ph.D., selaku dosen pendamping yang telah banyak meluangkan waktu dan membantu dalam pengambilan sampel mulai dari awal penelitian sampai akhir penelitian. 7 5. Dr. Sri Wahyuni Rahim, selaku dosen penguji yang telah bersedia meluangkan waktu. 6. Muh. Fakar Putra, yang telah banyak membantu baik dari segi material maupun tenaga mulai dari awal berlangsungnya penelitian hingga terselesaikannya penelitian dan skripsi ini. 7. Raflianto Pratama dan Azie, yang telah membantu dari segi material untuk menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 8. Tidak lupa juga saya ucapakan terima kasih kepada teman penelitian (Ade dan Desti) dan rekan-rekan seperjuangan Manajemen
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