Deformation Pattern During Normal Faulting: a Sequential Limit Analysis
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GEO 2008 Conference Abstracts, Bahrain GEO 2008 Conference Abstracts
GEO 2008 conference abstracts, Bahrain GEO 2008 Conference Abstracts he abstracts of the GEO 2008 Conference presentations (3-5 March 2008, Bahrain) are published in Talphabetical order based on the last name of the first author. Only those abstracts that were accepted by the GEO 2008 Program Committee are published here, and were subsequently edited by GeoArabia Editors and proof-read by the corresponding author. Several names of companies and institutions to which presenters are affiliated have been abbreviated (see page 262). For convenience, all subsidiary companies are listed as the parent company. (#117804) Sandstone-body geometry, facies existing data sets and improve exploration decision architecture and depositional model of making. The results of a recent 3-D seismic reprocessing Ordovician Barik Sandstone, Oman effort over approximately 1,800 square km of data from the Mediterranean Sea has brought renewed interest in Iftikhar A. Abbasi (Sultan Qaboos University, Oman) deep, pre-Messinian structures. Historically, the reservoir and Abdulrahman Al-Harthy (Sultan Qaboos targets in the southern Mediterranean Sea have been the University, Oman <[email protected]>) Pliocene-Pleistocene and Messinian/Pre-Messinian gas sands. These are readily identifiable as anomalousbright The Lower Paleozoic siliciclastics sediments of the amplitudes on the seismic data. The key to enhancing the Haima Supergroup in the Al-Haushi-Huqf area of cen- deeper structure is multiple and noise attenuation. The tral Oman are subdivided into a number of formations Miocene and older targets are overlain by a Messinian- and members based on lithological characteristics of aged, structurally complex anhydrite layer, the Rosetta various rock sequences. -
Part 3: Normal Faults and Extensional Tectonics
12.113 Structural Geology Part 3: Normal faults and extensional tectonics Fall 2005 Contents 1 Reading assignment 1 2 Growth strata 1 3 Models of extensional faults 2 3.1 Listric faults . 2 3.2 Planar, rotating fault arrays . 2 3.3 Stratigraphic signature of normal faults and extension . 2 3.4 Core complexes . 6 4 Slides 7 1 Reading assignment Read Chapter 5. 2 Growth strata Although not particular to normal faults, relative uplift and subsidence on either side of a surface breaking fault leads to predictable patterns of erosion and sedi mentation. Sediments will fill the available space created by slip on a fault. Not only do the characteristic patterns of stratal thickening or thinning tell you about the 1 Figure 1: Model for a simple, planar fault style of faulting, but by dating the sediments, you can tell the age of the fault (since sediments were deposited during faulting) as well as the slip rates on the fault. 3 Models of extensional faults The simplest model of a normal fault is a planar fault that does not change its dip with depth. Such a fault does not accommodate much extension. (Figure 1) 3.1 Listric faults A listric fault is a fault which shallows with depth. Compared to a simple planar model, such a fault accommodates a considerably greater amount of extension for the same amount of slip. Characteristics of listric faults are that, in order to maintain geometric compatibility, beds in the hanging wall have to rotate and dip towards the fault. Commonly, listric faults involve a number of en echelon faults that sole into a lowangle master detachment. -
The Origin and Evolution of the Southern Snake Range Decollement, East Central Nevada Allen J
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Dayton University of Dayton eCommons Geology Faculty Publications Department of Geology 2-1993 The Origin and Evolution of the Southern Snake Range Decollement, East Central Nevada Allen J. McGrew University of Dayton, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.udayton.edu/geo_fac_pub Part of the Geology Commons, Geomorphology Commons, Geophysics and Seismology Commons, Glaciology Commons, Hydrology Commons, Other Environmental Sciences Commons, Paleontology Commons, Sedimentology Commons, Soil Science Commons, Stratigraphy Commons, and the Tectonics and Structure Commons eCommons Citation McGrew, Allen J., "The Origin and Evolution of the Southern Snake Range Decollement, East Central Nevada" (1993). Geology Faculty Publications. 29. https://ecommons.udayton.edu/geo_fac_pub/29 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Geology at eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Geology Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. TECTONICS, VOL. 12, NO. 1, PAGES 21-34, FEBRUARY 1993 THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF INTRODUCTION THE SOUTHERN SNAKE RANGE The origin,kinematic significance and geometrical evolu- DECOLLEMENT, EAST CENTRAL tion of shallowlyinclined normal fault systemsare NEVADA fundamentalissues in extensionaltectonics. Regionally extensivefaults that juxtapose nonmetamorphic sedimentary Allen J. McGrew1 rocksin theirhanging walls againstplastically deformed Departmentof Geology,Stanford University, Stanford, crystallinerocks in their footwallscommand special California attentionbecause they offer rare opportunitiesto characterize kinematiclinkages between contrasting structural levels. Thesefaults, commonly known as detachmentfaults, are the Abstract.Regional and local stratigraphic, metamorphic, subjectsof muchcontroversy. -
Crossing the Several Scales of Strain-Accomplishing Mechanisms in the Hinterland of the Central Andean Fold±Thrust Belt, Bolivia
Journal of Structural Geology 24 02002) 1587±1602 www.elsevier.com/locate/jstrugeo Crossing the several scales of strain-accomplishing mechanisms in the hinterland of the central Andean fold±thrust belt, Bolivia Nadine McQuarriea,b,*, George H.Davis a aDepartment of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA bDivision of Geological andPlanetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA Received 14 November 2000; revised 28 October 2001; accepted 29 October 2001 Abstract Depictions of structures at outcrop, regional and tectonic scales enforce horizontal shortening and vertical thickening as the predominant style of deformation at all scales within the hinterland of the central Andean fold±thrust belt.Outcrop-scale structures document a progression of strain that created: 01) ¯exural-slip folds, 02) fold ¯attening via axial-planar cleavage, 03) vertical stretching via boudinage and late-stage faulting and, ®nally, 04) kink folding.These examples of intraformational deformation are generally concentrated just beyond the tip lines of thrust faults, where fault-propagation folds and related structures are well developed.Fault-propagation folding accommo- dated the accrual of strain indicated by outcrop-scale structures while the structures themselves indicate how deformation developed within each individual fold.Fault-propagation fold geometries at a regional scale emerge from the construction of regional balanced cross-sections. The sections were drawn with careful attention to: 01) known map relationships, -
Constraining the Tectonic Evolution of Extensional Fault Systems in the Cyclades (Greece) Using Low-Temperature Thermochronology Stephanie Brichau
Constraining the tectonic evolution of extensional fault systems in the Cyclades (Greece) using low-temperature thermochronology Stephanie Brichau To cite this version: Stephanie Brichau. Constraining the tectonic evolution of extensional fault systems in the Cyclades (Greece) using low-temperature thermochronology. Applied geology. Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc; Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, 2004. English. tel- 00006814 HAL Id: tel-00006814 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006814 Submitted on 3 Sep 2004 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Universität Mainz “Johannes Gutenberg” and Université de Montpellier II “Sciences et techniques du Languedoc” Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades “DOKTOR DER NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN” am Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz THESE Pour obtenir le grade de “DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ MONTPELLIER II” Discipline: Terre solide, géodynamique Formation Doctorale: Structure et Evolution de la Lithosphère Ecole Doctorale: Science de la Terre et de l’Eau Presented and publicly defended at Mainz by Stéphanie Brichau June 29th, 2004 Title: Constraining the tectonic evolution of extensional fault systems in the Cyclades (Greece) using low-temperature thermochronology JURY M. Stephen Foley GP, Mainz President M. Michel Faure IST, Orléans Reviewer M. -
"Extension Layer-Parallel Shear and Normal Faulting."
* * A/H6 Extensional layer-parallel shear and normal faulting DAVID A. FERRILL Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, Texas 78238 ALAN P. MORRIS Division of Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249 SIDNEY M. JONES and JOHN A. STAMATAKOS Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, Texas 78238 Abstract-An extensional fault system in Bare Mountain, Nevada, contains abundant evidence of layer-parallel shear deformation contemporaneous with faulting. Layer-parallel shear is manifest by deformation of pre-existing fabrics such as teeth on bedding-parallel stylolites and shape fabrics in fossiliferous and oolitic limestone that all indicate shear in the down-dip direction, perpendicular to fault-bedding intersections. Cleavage at a low angle to bedding has the same vergence, indicating development and/or modification during shear parallel to bedding with a down-dip sense. Localized layer-parallel shear along discrete bedding planes has locally offset normal faults, and shear distributed within layers has reoriented block-bounding normal faults. These observations of internal deformation within fault blocks indicate that layer-parallel shear contributes to fault block deformation. In simple rigid-block models of extension accommodated by normal faults above a low-angle detachment or decollement zone, extension causes faults to rotate to progressively lower dips, while originally horizontal beds rotate to steeper dips. These rotations reorient faults away from originally optimum conditions for slip 2 into orientations of a lower slip tendency, whereas bedding rotates to steeper dips with progressively higher slip tendency. -
The Callovian Unconformity and the Ophiolite Obduction Onto the Pelagonian Carbonate Platform of the Internal Hellenides
Δελτίο της Ελληνικής Γεωλογικής Εταιρίας, τόμος L, σελ. 144-152 Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, vol. L, p. 144-152 Πρακτικά 14ου Διεθνούς Συνεδρίου, Θεσσαλονίκη, Μάιος 2016 Proceedings of the 14th International Congress, Thessaloniki, May 2016 THE CALLOVIAN UNCONFORMITY AND THE OPHIOLITE OBDUCTION ONTO THE PELAGONIAN CARBONATE PLATFORM OF THE INTERNAL HELLENIDES Scherreiks R.1, Meléndez G.2, Bouldagher-Fadel M.3, Fermeli G.4 and Bosence D.5 1Bayerische Staaatssammlung, Department of Geology, University of Munich, Luisenstr. 33, 80333 Munich, Germany, [email protected] 2Departamento de Geologia (Paleontologia), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Saragossa, Spain, [email protected] 3Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E6BT, UK, [email protected] 4Department of Historical Geology and Paleontology, University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zographou, 15784 Athens, Greece, [email protected] 5Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK, [email protected] Abstract The carbonate-platform-complex and the oceanic formations of the central Pelagonian zone of the Hellenides evolved in response to a sequence of plate-tectonic episodes of ocean spreading, plate convergence and ophiolite obduction. The bio- stratigraphies of the carbonate platform and the oceanic successions, show that the Triassic-Early Jurassic platform was coeval with an ocean where pillow basalts and radiolarian cherts were being deposited. After convergence began during late Early- Jurassic - Middle Jurassic time, the oceanic leading edge of the Pelagonian plate was subducted beneath the leading edge of the oceanic, overriding plate. The platform subsided while a supra-subduction, volcanic-island-arc evolved. -
The Shumagin Seismic Gap Structure and Associated Tsunami Hazards, Alaska Convergent Margin GEOSPHERE, V
Research Paper THEMED ISSUE: Subduction Top to Bottom 2 GEOSPHERE The Shumagin seismic gap structure and associated tsunami hazards, Alaska convergent margin GEOSPHERE, v. 15, no. 2 Roland von Huene1,*,†, John J. Miller2,*,†, and Anne Krabbenhoeft3 https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01657.1 1U.S. Geological Survey, 800 Blossom Hill Road, Los Gatos, California 95032, USA 2U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA 3 14 figures; 1 set of supplemental files GEOMAR Helmholz Centre for Ocean Research, D-24148, Kiel, Germany CORRESPONDENCE: rhuene@ mindspring .com ABSTRACT ruptured in the 1964 great earthquake, the Semidi segment that broke in a CITATION: von Huene, R., Miller, J.J., and Krabben‑ 1938 earthquake, and the Unimak segment that ruptured in 1946. In contrast, hoeft, A., 2019, The Shumagin seismic gap structure and associated tsunami hazards, Alaska convergent The potential for a major earthquake in the Shumagin seismic gap, and the the Shumagin segment has no historic great earthquake and is constrained by margin: Geosphere, v. 15, no. 2, p. 324–341, https:// tsunami it could generate, was reported in 1971. However, while potentially its neighboring segments rather than its own aftershocks. Since Sykes (1971) doi .org /10 .1130 /GES01657.1. tsunamigenic splay faults in the adjacent Unimak and Semidi earthquake seg- first drew attention to the Shumagin segment, it has been a proposed seismic ments are known, such features along the Shumagin segment were undoc- gap. Earthquakes in the adjacent segments have produced tsunamis. To the Science Editor: Shanaka de Silva umented until recently. To investigate margin structure and search for splay southwest, during the 1946 M8.6 earthquake, the Unimak segment generated Associate Editor: Laura M. -
Miocene Unroofing of the Canyon Range During Extension Along the Sevier Desert Detachment, West Central Utah
TECTONICS, VOL. 20, NO. 3, PAGES 289-307, JUNE 2001 Miocene unroofing of the Canyon Range during extension along the Sevier Desert Detachment, west central Utah Daniel F. Stockli • Departmentof Geologicaland EnvironmentalSciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California JonathanK. Linn:, J.Douglas Walker Departmentof Geology, Universityof Kansas,Lawrence, Kansas Trevor A. Dumitru Departmentof Geologicaland Environmental Scmnces, Stanford University, Stanford, California Abstract. Apatite fission track resultsfrom Neoproterozoic 1. Introduction and Lower Cambrian quartzites collected from the Canyon Rangein west centralUtah reveal a significantearly to middle The Canyon Range in west central Utah lies within the Miocene cooling event (-19-15 Ma). Preextensional Mesozoic Sevier orogenic belt of Armstrong [1968] at the temperaturesestimated from multicompositionalapatite easternmargin of the Basin and Range extensionalprovince fissiontrack data suggest-4.5 to >5.6 km of unroofingduring (Figure 1). The geology of the Canyon Range and the the early to middle Miocene, assuminga geothermalgradient adjacentSevier Desert region has become the focusof intense of-25øC/km. The spatialdistribution of thesepreextensional scientificdebate concerning the regional tectonicevolution of temperaturesindicates -15ø-20ø of eastward tilting of the the easternGreat Basin and especiallythe mechanicaland Canyon Range during rapid extensionalunroofing along a kinematic viability of low-angle detachment faulting in moderately west dipping detachmentfault (-35ø-40ø). -
Styles of Positive Inversion Tectonics in the Central Apennines and in the Adriatic Foreland: Implications for the Evolution of the Apennine Chain (Italy)
ARTICLE IN PRESS Journal of Structural Geology xxx (2009) 1–19 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Structural Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jsg Styles of positive inversion tectonics in the Central Apennines and in the Adriatic foreland: Implications for the evolution of the Apennine chain (Italy) Vittorio Scisciani* Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universita` ‘‘G. D’Annunzio’’ Chieti-Pescara, Campus Universitario Madonna delle Piane, Via dei Vesini, 30, 68013 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy article info abstract Article history: Integration of new field structural and geophysical data with existing information from the Apennines Received 22 February 2008 chain in Italy and its adjacent Adriatic foreland indicates that the styles of positive inversion tectonics Received in revised form and the modes of interaction between the extensional and the subsequent compressive structures vary. 19 February 2009 Starting from the Cretaceous, the contractional deformation induced by the mainly north-directed Accepted 27 February 2009 convergence of Africa/Adria with respect to the European plate promoted the closure of various arms of Available online xxx the Atlantic and the Neo-Tethys oceans, which opened in different times and with distinct orientations. The mosaic of continental blocks, carbonate platforms, rift basins and oceanic domains with several Keywords: Positive inversion tectonics geometries and orientations with respect to the axis of the subsequent compression, and the resulting Extensional and contractional deformation heterogeneities within the shallow sedimentary cover and the overall lithosphere, strongly influenced Thick-skinned tectonics both the structural evolution of the Apennine orogenic belt and the intra-continental deformation within Fault reactivation the Adriatic foreland. -
Characteristics of Earthquake Ruptures and Dynamic Off-Fault Deformation on Propagating Faults
Solid Earth, 11, 1333–1360, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1333-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Characteristics of earthquake ruptures and dynamic off-fault deformation on propagating faults Simon Preuss1, Jean Paul Ampuero2, Taras Gerya1, and Ylona van Dinther3 1Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Geophysics, Department of Earth sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland 2Géoazur Laboratory, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement – Université Côte d’Azur, Campus Azur du CNRS, 06560 Valbonne, France 3Tectonics, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 4, 3584 CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands Correspondence: Simon Preuss ([email protected]) Received: 8 February 2020 – Discussion started: 25 February 2020 Revised: 16 June 2020 – Accepted: 26 June 2020 – Published: 22 July 2020 Abstract. Natural fault networks are geometrically complex tures range from fan-shaped distributed deformation to local- systems that evolve through time. The evolution of faults ized splay faults. We observe that the fault-normal width of and their off-fault damage patterns are influenced by both the outer damage zone saturates with increasing fault length dynamic earthquake ruptures and aseismic deformation in due to the finite depth of the seismogenic zone. We also ob- the interseismic period. To better understand each of their serve that dynamically and statically evolving stress fields contributions to faulting we simulate both earthquake rup- from neighboring fault strands affect primary and secondary ture dynamics and long-term deformation in a visco-elasto- fault growth and thus that normal stress variations affect plastic crust subjected to rate- and state-dependent friction. -
Extensional Tectonics and Gravitational Collapse in an Ordovician Passive Margin: the Western Argentine Precordillera ⁎ J.L
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Gondwana Research 13 (2008) 204–215 www.elsevier.com/locate/gr Extensional tectonics and gravitational collapse in an Ordovician passive margin: The Western Argentine Precordillera ⁎ J.L. Alonso a, , J. Gallastegui a, J. García-Sansegundo a, P. Farias a, L.R. Rodríguez Fernández b, V.A. Ramos c a Department of Geology, University of Oviedo, c/ Arias de Velasco s/n, 33005 Oviedo, Spain b Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, c/ La Calera, 1, 28740, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain c Laboratorio de Tectónica Andina, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina Received 29 September 2006; accepted 28 May 2007 Available online 7 June 2007 Abstract The paper describes ubiquitous extensional structures developed in a passive margin of Ordovician age in the Argentine Precordillera. These extensional structures include normal faults and boudinaged sequences. In some places the boudinage reaches very high extension values, giving rise to block-in-matrix formations. Most of these extensional structures developed when sediments were not well lithified, as recorded by hydroplastic fractures, slump folds and pinch-and-swell structures. The presence of slump folds coeval with the extensional deformation, the variable extension directions obtained from the kinematic analysis and a weak cleavage recording layer-perpendicular shortening support the interpretation that gravitational collapse related to submarine sliding was the cause for extensional deformation. Well-consolidated rocks, located at the lower part of the stratigraphic sequence, also display scarce extensional faults. These extensional faults predate folding because they were breached by flexural-slip faults and, as a result of their passive rotation in fold limbs, these initial normal faults may now appear as reverse faults, particularly in steep and overturned limbs.