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Ethernet Switches and Crossover Cables
Ethernet Switch A switch is something that is used to turn various electronic devices on or off. However, in computernetworking, a switch is used to connect multiple computers with each other. Since it is an external device it becomes part of the hardware peripherals used in the operation of a computer system. This connection is done within an existing Local Area network (LAN) only and is identical to an Ethernet hub in terms of appearance, but with more intelligence. These switches not only receive data packets, but also have the ability to inspect them before passing them on to the next computer. That is, they can figure out the source, the contents of the data, and identify the destination as well. As a result of this uniqueness, it sends the data to the relevant connected system only, thereby using less bandwidth at high performance rates. The first Ethernet network switch was pioneered by Kalpana (computer networking equipmentmanufacturing company in Silicon Valley established by an entrepreneur of Indian origin, Vinod Bharadwaj) in 1990. Switches operate at Layer 2 of the OSI Model; the Data-Link Layer. This is in contrast to routers, which operate at Layer 3 of the OSI Model, the Network Layer. A switch stores the MAC Address of each and every device which is connected to it. The switch will then evaluate every frame that passes through it. The switch will examine the destination MAC Address in each frame. Based upon the destination MAC Address, the switch will then decide which port to copy the frame to. If the switch does not recognize the MAC Address, it will not know which port to copy the frame to. -
Mod 3 – Networking Media
Mod 3 – Networking Media CCNA 1 version 3.0 Rick Graziani Cabrillo College Objectives • Discuss the electrical properties of matter. • Define voltage, resistance, impedance, current, and circuits. • Describe the specifications and performances of different types of cable. • Describe coaxial cable and its advantages and disadvantages over other types of cable. • Describe shielded twisted-pair (STP) cable and its uses. • Describe unshielded twisted-pair cable (UTP) and its uses. • Discuss the characteristics of straight-through, crossover, and rollover cables and where each is used. • Explain the basics of fiber-optic cable. • Describe how fibers can guide light for long distances. • Describe multimode and single-mode fiber. • Describe how fiber is installed. • Describe the type of connectors and equipment used with fiber-optic cable. • Explain how fiber is tested to ensure that it will function properly. • Discuss safety issues dealing with fiber-optics. Rick Graziani [email protected] 2 Basic of Electricity • Discuss the electrical properties of matter. • Define voltage, resistance, impedance, current, and circuits. Rick Graziani [email protected] 3 Atoms and electrons • Electrons – Particles with a negative charge that orbit the nucleus • Nucleus – The center part of the atom, composed of protons and neutrons • Protons – Particles with a positive charge • Neutrons – Particles with no charge (neutral) • Electrons stay in orbit, even though the protons attract the electrons. • The electrons have just enough velocity to keep orbiting and not be pulled into the nucleus, just like the moon around the Earth. Rick Graziani [email protected] 4 Atoms and electrons • Loosened electrons that stay in one place, without moving, and with a negative charge, are called static electricity. -
10/100 Physical Layer Ethernet Switch,16-Port
10/100 PHYSICAL LAYER ETHERNET SWITCH,16-PORT Make 10/100 Physical Layer Ethernet connections without rewiring or rerouting cables. Key Features emotely configure, redistribute, Ethernet hub or network switch You can also instantly and Ideal for point-to-point R and monitor Ethernet devices using a crossover cable. Each effortlessly recall up to 16 Ethernet connections. in 10/100 Ethernet LAN connected device can be placed frequently-used patching environments. The 10/100 up to 328 ft. (100 m) away from the configurations (stored in the Auto-adapts port Physical Layer Ethernet Switch, switch. switch’s non-volatile memory) via speed to either 10 or 16-Port provides point-to-point The switch installs between the LAN or RS-232 serial port. 100 Mbps. connectivity without rewiring or your patch panels and network The control software works rerouting cables. And it switch. Since it operates at the with Windows® 95/98/2000/XP and Switch between up to automatically adapts to port Physical Layer, the switch can Windows NT®. The PC connected 16 devices, each speeds of 10 or 100 Mbps. shut down the physical connec- to the serial port can be located located up to 328 ft. Attach 10BASE-T Ethernet or tion to specific workstations, up to 50 ft. (15.2 m) from the (100 m) away from the 100BASE-TX Fast Ethernet departments, or buildings. You switch, while the workstation switch. devices via the 16 RJ-45 can do this remotely via the connected to the LAN port can be connectors on the switch’s front control software and a PC located up to 328 ft. -
Ethernet Technology 1 Ethernet Technology 2
• History - Xerox : LAN for open office automation (1970s) 3Mbps on 75 Ohm Coax, coverage 1km area - DEC, Intel, and Xerox Co-proposed “Ethernet v1.0” (9/1980) - D.I.X. Ö Ethernet ver 2.0 (11/1982): 50Ohm Coax, 2.8 km • ANSI/IEEE 802.3 (ISO 8802.3) - Reformulated Ethernet v2 in 1985 - Drop cable, connector technology, times and fields are redefined - It’s used with Ethernet interchangeably, but less meaningful than Ethernet (?retain the original name) - Supplementary documents (regarding to various medium) + Upgrades are published after Feb.1989 Î IEEE 802.3x Ethernet Technology 1 Ethernet Technology 2 NotationNotation ofof EthernetEthernet TechnologyTechnology # B X / # Bit rate in Mbps: Distance in 100m: -1 -10 -100 - 2, -5, -36, -1000 -10000 or Medium: Simplified to: Signaling method: - Baseband 10/100Æ T?/TX or F/FX invented by: Bob Metcalfe and David Boggs in 1970 1GE & 10GE - Broadband 1GEÆ (C/S/L)X or T 10GEÆ(S/L/E)(X/R/W) ൩೭ኬǻ Ethernet Technology 3 Ethernet Technology More on Ethernet Family 4 Bus Topology -- 10Base2/5/36 Explanation of the Abbreviations • Connecting nodes via (tap to) coaxial cable • Transmission and receiving over the same media (line) • Basic configuration (Ex: A 10Base5 segment = a coax) : TRL ~ Transceiver’s cable Length DBN ~ Distance Between Nodes ӕືႝᢑࢤȐനߏ 500 ϦЁȑ MSL node NPS ~ Nodes Per Segment DBT Terminator Multiple of 2.5m Coaxial Cable tap Extension ? MES MSL ~ Maximum Segment Length ԏวᏔ Ȑനߏ 50 ϦЁȑ TRL ԏวᏔႝᢑ Transceiver Terminator ಖᆄᏔ MES ~ Maximum Extendable Segments ࢤനӭௗ 100 ঁȑ NPSȐ • Important parameters: TRL, DBT, NPS, MSL, and MND. -
Modern Ethernet
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen All-In-One / Network+ Certification All-in-One Exam Guide / Meyers / 225345-2 / Chapter 6 CHAPTER Modern Ethernet 6 The Network+ Certification exam expects you to know how to • 1.2 Specify the main features of 802.2 (Logical Link Control) [and] 802.3 (Ethernet): speed, access method, topology, media • 1.3 Specify the characteristics (for example: speed, length, topology, and cable type) of the following cable standards: 10BaseT and 10BaseFL; 100BaseTX and 100BaseFX; 1000BaseTX, 1000BaseCX, 1000BaseSX, and 1000BaseLX; 10GBaseSR, 10GBaseLR, and 10GBaseER • 1.4 Recognize the following media connectors and describe their uses: RJ-11, RJ-45, F-type, ST,SC, IEEE 1394, LC, MTRJ • 1.6 Identify the purposes, features, and functions of the following network components: hubs, switches • 2.3 Identify the OSI layers at which the following network components operate: hubs, switches To achieve these goals, you must be able to • Define the characteristics, cabling, and connectors used in 10BaseT and 10BaseFL • Explain how to connect multiple Ethernet segments • Define the characteristics, cabling, and connectors used with 100Base and Gigabit Ethernet Historical/Conceptual The first generation of Ethernet network technologies enjoyed substantial adoption in the networking world, but their bus topology continued to be their Achilles’ heel—a sin- gle break anywhere on the bus completely shut down an entire network. In the mid- 1980s, IBM unveiled a competing network technology called Token Ring. You’ll get the complete discussion of Token Ring in the next chapter, but it’s enough for now to say that Token Ring used a physical star topology. -
Lab - Building an Ethernet Crossover Cable
Lab - Building an Ethernet Crossover Cable Topology Addressing Table Device Interface IP Address Subnet Mask Default Gateway PC-A NIC 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 N/A PC-B NIC 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 N/A Objectives Part 1: Analyze Ethernet Cabling Standards and Pinouts Analyze diagrams and tables for the TIA/EIA 568-A standard Ethernet cable. Analyze diagrams and tables for the TIA/EIA 568-B standard Ethernet cable. Part 2: Build an Ethernet Crossover Cable Build and terminate a TIA/EIA 568-A cable end. Build and terminate a TIA/EIA 568-B cable end. Part 3: Test an Ethernet Crossover Cable Test an Ethernet crossover cable with a cable tester. Connect two PCs together using an Ethernet crossover cable. Background / Scenario In this lab, you will build and terminate an Ethernet crossover cable and test it by connecting two PCs together and pinging between them. You will first analyze the Telecommunications Industry Association/Electronic Industries Association (TIA/EIA) 568-A and 568-B standards and how they apply to Ethernet cables. You will then construct an Ethernet crossover cable and test it. Finally, you will use the cable you just constructed to connect two PCs together and test it by pinging between them. Note: With autosensing capabilities available on many devices, such as the Cisco 1941 Integrated Services Router (ISR) switch, you may see straight-through cables connecting like devices. Required Resources One length of cable, either Category 5 or 5e. Cable length should be 0.6 to 0.9m (2 to 3 ft.) 2 RJ-45 connectors RJ-45 crimping tool Wire cutter Wire stripper © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. -
Conet Module 1 Ethernet Based I/O Systems Lecture
CONET MODULE 1 ETHERNET BASED I/O SYSTEMS LECTURE NOTES Onur Akbatı Levent Ucun Galip Cansever 1 Contents 1. ETHERNET ....................................................................................................................................................................................4 1.1 FOUR BASICS OF ETHERNET ....................................................................................................................................................5 1.1.1. NETWORK CORE : CIRCUIT SWITCHING & PACKET SWITCHING CIRCUIT SWITCHING ................................................................13 1.1.2. OVERVIEW OF DELAY IN PACKET SWITCHED NETWORKS .........................................................................................................17 2. LAYERS ......................................................................................................................................................................................18 2.1. OSI REFERENCE MODEL ........................................................................................................................................................18 2.1.1. SEVEN LAYER ISO-OSI REFERENCE MODEL .........................................................................................................................20 2.1.1.1. APPLICATION LAYER .........................................................................................................................................................20 2.1.1.2. PRESENTATION LAYER ......................................................................................................................................................20 -
University of Technology Principles of Computer Engineering And
University of Technology Biomedical Engineering Department First year 2nd lecture Of Principles of computer engineering and Programming methodology Asst. Lect. Amar A. Mahawish Data Communication & Computer Network Data communications refers to the transmission of data between two or more computers. A computer network is a telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data. The physical connection between networked computing devices is established using either cable media or wireless media. The best-known computer network is the Internet. 1. Computer Network Types Generally, networks are distinguished based on their geographical span. A network can be as small as distance between your mobile phone and its Bluetooth headphone and as large as the internet itself, covering the whole geographical world. 1) Personal Area Network A Personal Area Network (PAN) is smallest network which is very personal to a user. PAN has connectivity range up to 10 meters. PAN may include wireless computer keyboard and mouse, Bluetooth enabled headphones and wireless printers. 2) Local Area Network Local Access Network (LAN) is a short-distance network. It connects computers that are close together, usually within a room or a building. Very rarely, a LAN network will span a couple of buildings. An example of a LAN network is the network in a school or an office building. A LAN network doesn’t need a router to operate. 3) Wide Area Network Wide Area Network (WAN) cover a huge geographical area. A WAN is a collection of LAN networks. LANs connect to other LANs with the help of a router to create WAN. 2. Computer Network Topologies A Network Topology is the arrangement with which computer systems or network devices are connected to each other. -
Ethernet Networks: Design, Implementation, Operation, Management
Ethernet Networks: Design, Implementation, Operation, Management. Gilbert Held Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 0-470-84476-0 ethernet networks Fourth Edition Books by Gilbert Held, published by Wiley Quality of Service in a Cisco Networking Environment 0 470 84425 6 (April 2002) Bulletproofing TCP/IP-Based Windows NT/2000 Networks 0 471 49507 7 (April 2001) Understanding Data Communications: From Fundamentals to Networking, Third Edition 0 471 62745 3 (October 2000) High Speed Digital Transmission Networking: Covering T/E-Carrier Multiplexing, SONET and SDH, Second Edition 0 471 98358 6 (April 1999) Data Communications Networking Devices: Operation, Utilization and LAN and WAN Internetworking, Fourth Edition 0 471 97515 X (November 1998) Dictionary of Communications Technology: Terms, Definitions and Abbreviations, Third Edition 0 471 97517 6 (May 1998) Internetworking LANs and WANs: Concepts, Techniques and Methods, Second Edition 0 471 97514 1 (May 1998) LAN Management with SNMP and RMON 0 471 14736 2 (September 1996) ethernet networks Fourth Edition ♦ Design ♦ Implementation ♦ Operation ♦ Management GILBERT HELD 4-Degree Consulting, Macon, Georgia, USA Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): [email protected] Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. -
Ethernet Explained
Technical Note TN_157 Ethernet Explained Version 1.0 Issue Date: 2015-03-23 The FTDI FT900 32 bit MCU series, provides for high data rate, computationally intensive data transfers. One of the interfaces used for this high speed communication is Ethernet. This application note discusses some of the key features of an Ethernet link and how the FT900 assists in establishing the link. Use of FTDI devices in life support and/or safety applications is entirely at the user’s risk, and the user agrees to defend, indemnify and hold FTDI harmless from any and all damages, claims, suits or expense resulting from such use. Future Technology Devices International Limited (FTDI) Unit 1, 2 Seaward Place, Glasgow G41 1HH, United Kingdom Tel.: +44 (0) 141 429 2777 Fax: + 44 (0) 141 429 2758 Web Site: http://ftdichip.com Copyright © 2015 Future Technology Devices International Limited Technical Note TN_157 Ethernet Explained Version 1.0 Document Reference No.: FT_001105 Clearance No.: FTDI# 442 Table of Contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Scope ....................................................................................................................................... 3 2 What is Ethernet? ........................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Speeds .................................................................................................................................... -
800 MIB Dave Speltz Les Ehrlich S/N Affected Approval: Reviewed By: All Ray Attwell Dave Case
Number: DSS200201 Issue Date: 12/13/01 Page 1 of 6 SERVICE BULLETIN Model Number: Originator: Reviewed By: Star 800 MIB Dave Speltz Les Ehrlich S/N Affected Approval: Reviewed By: All Ray Attwell Dave Case *** INFORMATION ONLY *** HELPFUL DOCUMENTATION AND FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS FOR THE STAR 800 MIB A few months ago, the Star 800 MIB was introduced to replace the aging ADC board. To help the field in learning how to install and configure the Star 800, first read the attached “Star 800 Installation Instructions” which is also included with the Star 800 MIB. To learn more about connecting the Star 800 with other Varian device controlled through Ethernet communication, please read the “Installing Ethernet Chromatography Devices”. To answer your most common questions regarding the Star 800 MIB, please read through the FAQs below. Other resources for the Star 800 MIB can also be found at. http://thecreek.csb.varianinc.com/techsupport/index.html From the “search” box, type in “Star 800 MIB” and click on “go”. STAR 800 MIB Frequently Asked Questions What part numbers do I need for full serial control of the 3400 with 2 detectors? 03-907938-11 Star 800 MIB w/serial & 2 ADC channels 03-907938-04* Analog Cable, 3-pin Molex, 3 meter Contains: 1 Cable – 3 pin molex to Star MIB (signal) 1 Cable – P23 (molex) to bare wire (start signal) 1 Cable - P16(molex) to bard wire (ready signal) 03-907938-13 Serial Cable to 3000 series GC, 3 meter Contains: 1 Cable - RJ45 Star 800 serial to 3400/3600 serial 1 Jumper for Serial I/O PWA in 3400/3600 * Order one 03-907938-04 for every detector channel you need. -
Fast Ethernet Hub Instruction Leaflet 5 Port Hub RS Stock No
Issued March 1998 10772 Fast Ethernet Hub Instruction Leaflet 5 port hub RS stock no. 288-5825 Table of contents Page 1.0 Introduction______________________________________________2 1.1 Inspecting the package and product __________________________________2 1.2 Product description ________________________________________________2 1.2.1 Ports 1-5: 100Mbps shared ports ________________________________3 1.2.2 Port 6: 10Mbps or 100Mbps switched port________________________3 1.3 Features and Benefits ________________________________________________3 1.4 Applications________________________________________________________4 2.0 Installation ______________________________________________6 2.1 Locating the hub __________________________________________________6 2.2 Ethernet media connections __________________________________________6 2.3 Collision domain diameter __________________________________________6 2.4 Connections to auto-negotiation 10/100 NICs____________________________9 2.5 Powering the Hub __________________________________________________9 3.0 Operation ______________________________________________9 3.1 Functionality ______________________________________________________9 3.1.1 Filtering and forwarding________________________________________9 3.1.2 Address learning (address table maintenance) __________________10 3.1.3 Throughput increase__________________________________________10 3.1.4 Software transparency ________________________________________11 3.2 LED’s ____________________________________________________________11 3.3 100Mb