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Year: 2017

To touch or not to touch? : doubting and touching in John 20:24-29

Schliesser, Benjamin

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1628/186870317X14876711440123

Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-144366 Journal Article Published Version

Originally published at: Schliesser, Benjamin (2017). To touch or not to touch? : doubting and touching in John 20:24-29. Early Christianity, 8(1):69-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1628/186870317X14876711440123 Delivered by Ingenta ? 130.60.149.195 Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:04:07 Copyright Mohr Siebeck 2 1 revea oftentimes they if even udition, hyepottenraiepoten narrative the exploit they on nteplethor the productivit in found the for verification pirical comm early t dynam its pet,adas ntegrowin the in also and opments, rdcn meaning. producing fisreaders its of h orhGospe Fourth The eä e räloi e mlztnAtr asclc „seinen tatsächlich Autors impliziten Thomas des ob Erzähllogik nach, der Frage gemäß der Aufsatz Aus- der verzweigten geht Thomasepisode der der Hintergrund legungsgeschichte dem Vor zu. Aufmerksamkeit beträchtliche dung Keywords: jo- formuliert. zur Theologie Einsichten hanneischen grundlegende werden ausgehend Davon Antwort. positiven einer n e Auferstandenen dem und eun ensBuches seines sequenz a“ rkmtggndeüewlied eretdrggnätgnJohannes- gegenwärtigen der Mehrheit überwältigende exegese die gegen kommt Er tat“. SN1868-7032 ISSN 8 Christianity Early platzier Johannesevangelist Der 2017 Februar 23. zum Frey Jörg 20:24–29 John in Touching and Doubting Touch? to Not or Touch To Benjam Blioe Md. (Baltimore, mn e etmn et,teGse fJh per otoe oteter flit- of Iser, theory W. the by to open proposed most as appears John gaps of erary Gospel article. the this texts, of Testament New style Among English the improving for (Munich) Iw s otakJr ry(uih o i aubecmet n oAde Bowden Andrew to and comments valuable his for (Zurich) Frey Jörg thank to ish hitaiy nteciia r fbbia coasi,tenumerous the scholarship, biblical of era critical the In Christianity. en ,a in aiso h ieenhcentur nineteenth the of taries e mEnln i e ptnie n mittelalterlichen und spätantiken der mit Einklang im ber oplo on Thomas John, of Gospel ic Schliesser n rsre t fascin its preserved and to ,1 pond 21) 69–93 (2017), 978). li sa (J ao 2 er h2,03)udwits e wie n enrÜberwin- seiner und Zweifel dem so weist und 20,30–31) oh msin n aua in lacunae and Omissions tex (J h thing the f“ h2,42)umtebrvrdemttxuleSchluss- metatextuelle die vor unmittelbar 20,24–29) oh apocryph td otted td ,r eBggugzice e Zefe“Thomas „Zweifler“ dem zwischen Begegnung ie h c fReading of Act The ti st sreto,fih ob,hsoyo reception of history doubt, faith, esurrection, ge lo John’ of al wi a are hat al xe at hnraiegp.I uhsteminds the pushes It gaps. narrative th ”n getica o o eeain fraes Em- readers. of generations for ion ©2 10.1628/186870317X14876711440123 DOI lh yp yo raie n te ieaydevel- literary other and arratives 1 1 orSiebeck Mohr 017 not istori ro fJ sG la epriual instructive particularly ve adan said hnieoens a be can openness ohannine dhmltclltrtr of literature homiletical nd ospe cizin :A th hoyo etei Response Aesthetic of Theory es lw ga dt oyhv genera have tory t acume ith u ocoeaein cooperate to hus dpsychologizing nd Fi gri i Wunde die in nger Au lgn zu slegung na der- nd ted ,as Delivered by Ingenta ? 130.60.149.195 Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:04:07 Copyright Mohr Siebeck n od of moods and Befor e as pel Narrative 1H Fourt the of ology tis It thas It oenuanc more 4.Tecnlso kthsterol the sketches conclusion The (4). cuna n otenarrativ the to ing htactuall that In endeavor h hpe s“n fthe of “one is chapter the fteprcpsweethe where pericopes the interpretations of different resulting with ways different in stories individual antem vie mainstream) Jesus loThom also ednis na analog an In tendencies. 70 nJohn’ on appea (2), John’ 3 4 5 h twelve the h edr o hsremark this for readers the h feature the nothi ihaditiun itr fscholarsh of history intriguing and rich ..Tcet Sen n eivn nJh 0”in 20,” John in Believing and “Seeing Tuckett, C.M. ..Wright, N.T. 169. here 169–185, 2013), tology ilclcttosaegnrlytknfo h NRSV. the from taken generally are citations Biblical In my Ea Ib wDe h tr Develop Story the Does ow eo sn ?T gi th in ng eT ar ejmnSchliesser Benjamin rs aw an tradtodsilsaemsig o only Not missing. are disciples two and ster :S pno,however opinion, ifyrevie riefly fJ t sqieshort quite is ote hog okddoors locked through cn sa nJh 0 Christophe 20, John on essay ecent eesyi tutrdi ieparts. five in structured is essay he sn uisi oorof Honour in tudies oa tee i ofsin i etuhtewud of wounds the touch he did confession, his uttered homas me f‘pnspace ‘open of umber h 0ado h oplas Gospel the of and 20 ohn ho to ,w as, ys arrativ f“ope of Te ed le.” neltenraiepsiiiiso h etby text the of possibilities narrative the unveil onfor John sntwt the with not as ugges ep fame chnique ma ehdlgclreper methodological 3 wt Th reviou el et yreader ny hG we da ns tt gcof ogic ha ep Ev echniqu eopposite he s“ ae”() fe rsnigslce aspec selected presenting After (1). paces” se (5). ospel xe eryone, tT resent sp Ma h dou the getic mo :“ ,t ou homas yo rcp 2:92)ta ol aeprepared have would that (20:19–23) ericope th Bu rt eeare here ,s sm so teimtcchapter enigmatic st nsC eBoer de C. inus mw Pa ei ee ccur neJohn ince al tT essa to rt fJ nJ agls,ee fti sntsae explicitly stated not is this if even vangelist, ann s’ ruet nspoto h (nowadays the of support in arguments r, homa th 2: did e eu came Jesus hen ohn’ :T ,a ya … hr n a ilthe fill can one where […] oh ogddisciple,” dogged er hpes11–21 Chapters er sw hom eo an n2 ddresse not s ftedsilson disciples the of est to aw ,c sG ?O s( l so h vrl stor overall the of as ell fT ire. umb ha ip urren 0: e.J rn tal. et Krans J. (ed. oe hc a tre h minds the stirred has which hole, as h a calle was who perform se hogottecenturies: the throughout ospel 42,partic 24–29, ho dp srain nJohn’s on bservations eadn Tuhn Tho “Touching regarding did If rT er so ma Pa rrydth ortrayed tn rtoffer irst cethspitdotthat out pointed has uckett nfc oc eu accord- Jesus touch fact in fcusi John’ in clues of l on and John, ul, eo h mos the of ne sw Lno,20) 153. 2004), (London, so raooia approaches arratological ”( at ft ti h ltan plot the ithin on20:24). John th 4 ewoegse […]. gospel whole he uhn gestur ouching sasn hnJesus when absent is eb dt ;N af ul etraye eg vSp149 ovTSup he ryfcsn on focusing arly wobse ew Ap Ea tee disci- athered Twi clpi Escha- ocalyptic ts trSun ster yo ‘g me rJ ap rkn la- triking sa 5 ) on n), ft uda rv so the of ts hr is There n fa of ans s’ egos- he ccount ;L ations dt nthe in e( ma eiden, sb da eof he- 3). ut s” y. Delivered by Ingenta ? 130.60.149.195 Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:04:07 Copyright Mohr Siebeck lsas ples tions h oann et a tdvn rvdneadpiatrp htneces- that philanthropy sitate and providence divine it Was text. Johannine the suggestion ious fled Twelve hth learne he that doubtin 12 11 10 aslaethe leave haps 13 porary huhthes though in portraya allow to reader rgai interes pragmatic 7 9 8 6 th Their .Most, G. osdrdi N. in Considered ans nnbsvulner nobis in carnis, ne,wihcliaei i question his in culminate which ences, % ekatrJesus after week 2ded. (2nd Zigabenus, Euthymius Cf. mine. are essay this in hncmeoaigJsstgte ihhsfellows?” his Fa with together Jesus commemorating than ec ragdi htti obigdsil,wietuhn h onso h ls of flesh the of wounds the touching master while disciple, his doubting this that it arranged mercy f ..Bengel, J.A. Cf. uin uiae,dbtn aprt apn crederet palpans palparet, ( dubitans believed dubitaret, and audiens touched touched, and doubted doubted, and heard heard, aehm vntog ewsmr btnt hnteohrdsils( disciples other the than obstinate more was he though even him, save 91,66. 1981), f .Zahn, T. Cf. apndb hneta hscoe icpewsasn tfrt hnhowever then first, at absent was disciple chosen this that chance by happened f .Dschulnigg, P. Cf. ( u hog iiepoiec ( providence divine through but Ac ir II libri Commen oeilmntn steobse the is illuminating More vikamhqyp_a kmpaw}teqom kkym en to relly, odn oCrsso ( Chrysostom to cording :W da st gethe ab ,p ac raie However arrative. Fa gt 67[L7.17)sy ihgethmltcpathos homiletic great with says 76.1197]) [PL 26.7 a niprateeeto h stor the of element important an hat seco ad lo hy Disciples senc t n Understanding and ith laying ;M ohesiv houghts obigThomas Doubting ft ,s ee nih notenraiednmc ftestor the of dynamics narrative the into insight eeper wa ec rw ta ünster ol elorwud fdseif( disbelief of wounds our heal hould dappe nd echaracte he Das ei da )t oshv ie man given have tors sT netrsaeitrsig hyremai they interesting, are onjectures ro nmnNov Gnomon t h te disciples? other the ith sn cessth ncreases a hnsfrhtwrsteubleigdisciple unbelieving the towards forth shines hat eg ’c th sen 1,122 11), n. (see Ev otthe bout mpirt the to prior om oa missing homas t: ,2 eu begegnen Jesus e Fa uiiin htcudh osbyhv a od oeurgent more do to had have possibly he could what rucifixion, tol rv hi raiiy u loteoens of openness the also but creativity, their prove only ot mta er neimdsJohannes des angelium mak op Thi roup. “The 0) 231. 002), relly, as arance l fa outside an of ole .In ). nrtinfidelitatis anaret eh h icpe nteFut Gospel Fourth the in Disciples The ro Ex ,e me as (Cambridge, o.Jo. Hom. iT re mwl ln nsltr paths? solitary on alone walk im oii nJoannem in positio es ven mlrvi,GeoyteGet( Great the Gregory vein, imilar fT fJesu of estamenti ntio iiadispensatione divina urcintolate? too surrection WN 2/290 (WUNT st ;c :P giiac fhsapaac n fhsrole his of and appearance his of ignificance ho .R Alter, R. f. mo xul“a”ivtstereaders the invites “gap” extual roe n heBduugi Johannesevangelium im Bedeutung ihre und ersonen rv no ?W mas. 71[G5.7],i steLord the is it 59.473]), [PG 87.1 mi ya s? to httemtfo bec evsa serves absence of motif the that ation etligi h neiuns ywhich by ingeniousness the is telling re fT e.J Steudel J. (ed. :“ 6 hy Ma auosapaac fJesus? of appearance raculous . fntohrieidctd l translations all indicated, otherwise not If ).” sest hs questions these to nswers i Thom Did 12 5h6hed. (5th/6th homas Onteeeigo h is a fthe of day first the of evening the [O]n r? 7 ss. i ewtda rmtegroup? the from withdraw he did h Ar The a ete nyloeyt the to loosely only tied he Was 8 ;T ,2 i ersd ute awa further reside he Did u nmgsr u vulner suo magistro in dum P 129.1488). (PG bne,21) 122. 2010), übingen, oTuho o oTouch? to Not or Touch To 0) 4 etosadtoa infer- additional mentions 44, 005), yi .Frin For ). ’a )? to sa sne[]aet implied alerts […] bsence o tddnthpe ychance, by happen not did it No, fB ;3 ;L as 9 th :“ ded. rd ib izg 91,680. 1921), eipzig, i i depres his Did no oyural eiv htit that believe really you Do and.” lical am nf :A oiirmi evangelia in Homiliarum tr ;T rclu a,celestial way, iraculous Na rtospeculative too ar tr fe ehad he after eturn Na bne,15) 408. 1855), übingen, 13 rrative :J rtv nlssof Analysis rrative Thomas 10 ssapasto appears esus ein audiret, veniens ’s i eper- he Did philanthropy ;t ’i NwYork, (New ya atit ja_toi ervar- heir ,c magina- ap se m and ame nd ’s da alparet 11 tem- yso Al- the nd _ 71 m Delivered by Ingenta ? 130.60.149.195 Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:04:07 Copyright Mohr Siebeck mon yipiain i ad n i side his and hands his implication, by onitrevsteprpcieo i edr nohsstory his into readers his of perspective the interweaves John 72 tard 14 He fait his enter as n sharp and harsh hyaeal are they u yfinge my put rsi ilneo i reply” his of violence drastic not 16 15 ti ac 17 18 ee aeplace, take never hrfr,hsdoub his Therefore, mas 20 19 htth what i xrsino unbelief.” of expression tic hmsrequests Thomas ie Jesus,” risen rience hc ofrsfrth for confirms which ipydeman simply c.14:5–6) (cf. Risen ve: f led Bengel, already Cf. Cf. Most, latere. vols. togs a ongt oehn nGreek”). in Ag something negate to way strongest Wallace, Ag .Bennema, C. Bonney, W. rn ais Mich. Rapids, Grand ihSrpue ujc,adGekWr Indexes Word Greek and Subject, Scripture, with tological epls 04,292. 2014), neapolis, iial probin ritically h disciples The re believe ’s yl yo o is ..Luthardt, C.E. ainst is .Ridderbos, H. ainst si ,e ussa “autopsy an quests ejmnSchliesser Benjamin wo On q t-oe.Thoma ate-comer. ra ;2 ho .g t the nto ed ft obigThomas Doubting l ded. nd hrta th than ther ., d ete ovyhs“oi etit”ta eurcincould resurrection that certainty” “solid his convey neither rds µ ew hos Na nh re rma eodteBasics the Beyond Grammar Greek silshv odhim, told have isciples .Thyen, H. l“ ”( piste ,c 20 rrative asdt Believe to Caused bet”bcuethey because absent,” l rv h incred the prove ill on2:5 mhssadd.Teipeso of impression The added). emphasis 20:25, John ri ew earsa noneigJesus Encountering ;N nonl an u ede owit so does he but ds mi nt ’a rmeg 86,2.516. 1876), uremberg, ¼ oaraybelieve. already ho :“ 17 av s ftedsils The disciples. the of dst wha nnounceme gc sy Bbn 62 (BibInt Gnomon ye emr ftenisadm adi i ie I side, his in hand my and nails the of mark he a Johannesevangelium Das Unless no ti ,1 ldfudto o i at ae nproa expe- personal on based faith his for foundation alid ee haracte yb h oplo John of Gospel The iec,btol nhsonsen n touching. and seeing own his on only but vidence, stesrnetpsil eain(cf. negation possible strongest the is a johanneische Das tt sn 9) 646–647. 997), er ra prec fohr.Hsduti h resurrection, the in doubt His others. of xperience sen 2,45. 12), n. (see eohr go others he ”w er tteduto vr icpe u h ob of doubt the but disciple, every of doubt the ot aeshslc fudrtnigo Jesus of understanding of lack his eaders sm ete intend they re sen ) 408: 9), n. (see :T Is ;L 19 emove t i w ad i od r remarkably are words His hand. own his ith rw eDutn Thomas Doubting he 15 :C ie,20) 159–160. 2002), eiden, ake etemar the ee Ra tth nt scause is aatrSuisi h oplo John of Gospel the in Studies haracter orequir ho 18 si ther ib hs o hudte elble s“ sarcas- “a as labelled be they should nor di et eceil.In credible. be to le tte aeseen have they at tm cannot rkn lnns n rsi clarity. drastic and bluntness triking :A Ev ,a fh t– :A r tha ore neimnc enrEigenthümlichkeit seiner nach angelium 14 hooia Commentary Theological iedbolct uteimd aiu et manibus de etiam sunt locuti dubio Sine dbyt crigt i rtclmind-set, critical his to ccording (HNT nE ed ko splal none ihthe with encounter palpable is –p ya es GadRpd,Mich. Rapids, (Grand af aebe rsn whe present been have eeia ytxo h New the of Syntax xegetical t xoeteabsurdity the expose “to ft rovoke compelling ealdep all re edouble he rthn xeineo the of experience irst-hand 6; nc St enisi i ad,and hands, his in nails he r steCia fJohn’ of Climax the as ory üign 05,768 2005), Tübingen, erta ecanno he that lear sa th en er epnefo the from response ,c as eto h testi- the on dent –i snLor isen ategori ne “Thomas ense, .e tas .Vriend; J. (trans. ,1 4: ., 2ded. (2nd 9) 6 (“the 468 996), :Ina 48). a“ agbe– tangible a nega- cal Te ;a d– sudden, 16 nJ stament s D.B. lso sC ’s sense, tb ;M Tho- and, esus way ”of hris- will ase in- (2 Delivered by Ingenta ? 130.60.149.195 Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:04:07 Copyright Mohr Siebeck h disciple the nynoteworth only gaps ev euae n retur and Jerusalem leave n“udy an “Sunday” on ilswt h aewrs(Paeb ihyu”.Te eu un to turns Jesus Then doubt” you!”). “hyperbolic with whose be disciple (“Peace the words Thomas, same the with ciples nweg fteSynopti the of knowledge neaan h mgnto fJohn of imagination the again, Once es hsi eakbe osdrn hti sth is it that considering remarkable, is This pens. un eakby Jesus Remarkably, turn. ahtcadeffec and pathetic Thomas to responds variati tos(.e. (i. ations h huhso hms Jesu Thomas, of thoughts the il ( gible vdne Certainly evidence. ihthorou with iplhsdoubt his dispel orhan your (J desire him? rsini pnt ut iegn nepeain.Doe interpretations. diverging in quite Thomas to open is pression nodrto order in 21 23 22 24 h 20:27). ohn nti otulkl yohss see hypothesis, unlikely most this On o.Pt 14:58–59 Pet. Gos. eatdt i oe( home his to departed a Lord the of disciples twelve we But over. sorrowful was and feast weeping were the since home their to returning out oal,Jesus Notably, Most, ieenhcnuycmettr edt p for opt to tend commentators Nineteenth-century in Cf. tion. ..Gbi,“ugsin eaieRsos,adPositive and Response, (cf. Negative elsewhere “Suggestion, observed Giblin, be C.H. can which action, positive and response, negative suggestion, fJss[on2.1–11 [John Jesus of Ac John q .D to 24 odn oJohn’ to cording de ons b\kkeim O Or dteRsnOeappea One Risen the id ”(rn.RE Brown). R.E. (trans. )” obigThomas Doubting ha fc nDoubti on ffect da )t ,e do ,J sc re sm ac hsc gh .g ot esus uehssnu n uihbedut n even and doubts punishable and sinful his buke dpu nd 23 sJssexhibi Jesus es oe o oseiytetnlt fJesus of tonality the specify to not hosen ., ’s )d k anoth ake necnigattd by attitude ondescending every he ye .Tholuck, A. setn ecint Thomas to reaction assenting da :“ ’s epticism. emonstratio ti eti Jesus is vent :“ bec) u eface he but absence), ga erato odutadscepticism. and doubt to reaction ve ,h u you Put ti o twstefnldyo h nevndBread Unleavened the of day final the was it Now ;4 ’s ntruhlce doors locked through in ja sa eisc eus sprdgai i hsGse)fra em- an for Gospel) this (in paradigmatic is request ti .46–54 sen 2,46. 12), n. (see ·6 btce fThomas of obstacles ’s er cut ih day eight ccount, ng nmys at¬kp}eo di kupo}lemo¬ jasto¬ cE nt ;a niaint hmscrepns(ihslight (with corresponds Thomas to invitation omna zum Commentar attemp Mo nrne ihtepolmo l ae gene later all of problem the with onfronted dec n,sroflbcueo hthdcm opass, to come had what of because sorrowful one, each nd rf ;7 te oG hms Again Thomas. se artvsisicieytist ilin fill to tries instinctively narratives aster so nt .22–14 ’s rt inge eipraty h manne the importantly, re mpatheti lle(f at28:16–20)? Matt (cf. alilee pernei h olwn week following the in appearance fr i h same the him ffers oo ha d.D no Do ide. Za tt rh tT hrfloesi ifrn places different in followers ther oc hn, ;1 ’s 1.1–44],” r n e yhns ec out Reach hands. my see and ere oa adwudb eesr to necessary be would said homas nic Thomas onvince Johannes edr an readers st ca ’s re hleg does challenge Ev sp epolmin problem he fcinb en wr fand of aware being by ffection etn i he-atrequest three-part his peating ± oTuho o oTouch? to Not or Touch To neimJohannis angelium ,t s an ass ar tb t ’s NTS ¹ eevangelist he te ofottoa interpreta- confrontational ather sen 0,61 ihrfrneto reference with 681, 10), n. (see –a faith. sulb ef 22 ef di dh resall greets he nd 6[1979/80] 26 Ac dn aithless prompte vi ± irst trrtr n their and nterpreters ini t John’ St. in tion m Ha ul( sual tigntbehap- notable othing not ! gkc e pgkk\cg ’s ?D we igisgtinto insight ving hi olwteptenof pattern the follow od n their and words rinw sJ 21 ,b kafter ek dte actually they id so Q ’s de dJ 7hed. (7th ;a o on the John, For ,1 ssaddress esus mod to tbelieve!” ut nma wn ? dmn went many nd m 97–211). sst re- to esus ihJesus hich )a Q humiliate ¬t sP eo th nd –a ¹ Ea ;G ortrayal mo ed ?D nner, fe gain ster. ta otha, W the jom is- n- 73 x- id r- Delivered by Ingenta ? 130.60.149.195 Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:04:07 Copyright Mohr Siebeck on2:7 link 20:27) John woman). fth of h clima the ple deo Jesus of edge atcltsteGospel’ the “articulates sus ob.Teimplie The doubt. epnigt the to responding 74 Jesus Pete osntutter not does pnsan sponds 27 28 ofsinactuall confession 26 ihnteThoma the within h paetysals transiti seamless apparently The Interpretation of History the 2W bu hte rntToa culytouche actually Thomas not or whether about a i ob vroeb atl vdneo (just or evidence tactile by overcome doubt his was presenc Jesus out read- carry Thomas the Did of Gospel. collaboration the the of ers for called and imagination the sparked both Reformation 25 lihPflu Ulrich ..Thompson, M.M. nhsacamdstudy acclaimed his In israino .Plg,“i ecihevmugäbgnThomas ungläubigen vom Geschichte “Die Pflugk, U. of dissertation f Bonney, Cf. geschichte,” 7412) 3.705: 1724–1726), Cf. etru nltc-xgtcsin analytico-exegeticus mentarius 87,442 1857), ansvneimaseinheitliches als hannesevangelium ’s h nun invitatio ensuing The The ’s r; aia hf rmuble ofih ntecia ftestory the of climax the In faith. to unbelief from shift radical en omniscience ’s a oTe a bu Tuhn hms?Gacsat Glances Thomas”? “Touching about Say They Do hat ,e ejmnSchliesser Benjamin 14:9–19 eeoetreaction benevolent .g hi ea arra ., 26 xo tr fitrrtto rmtecuc ahr oteCounter- the to fathers church the from interpretation of story .Fe,“Der Frey, J. ds do th nd/or h aepteni twr here. work at is pattern same The gk ;L ti ft ’s HBl asdt Believe to Caused ays e Jesus ve, uthardt, ha he dniy(cf. identity n Glen and aw to sb st :“ 1( Gospe ye or and hlp,tecnrnainlitrrtto sls likely. less is interpretation confrontational the Philip), John dr se eattribute he hi 01,52,hr 13 here 5–21, 2011), ee yLr and Lord My nese o louoCrsipatescit Christi alloquio hoc ex Ingens ep do ‘z nt a johanneische Das pisode dndut n ed fhsdiscipl his of needs and doubts dden ae a previou has eader na weifelnde Doubtin ’s :A nih into insight wru od fteRsnOne? Risen the of words owerful isthe ails l– fr word nM pydcmne n analyse and documented mply sc no Commentary ebuk hc lue oisbgnig(:,1) Thom 14), (1:1, beginning its to alludes which 1: rsooya esnlconfession.” personal as hristology to :T sen 9,165–166. 19), n. (see ost. fJ 47–5 gT stoT ’T h doubte the mo Ev eGse-rtrrmiscmltl silent completely remains Gospel-writer he % ss(i.e. esus e, homas pistor We homas 28 neimscnu Joannem secundum angelium unlik my 1t tstrikin st on hi analys Their rk ap oa meitl precede immediately homas Ev ;s oN (NTL Bri,11) 353. 1912), (Berlin, eas h omnayb F.A. by commentary the also ee sen 2,GenMs rw heavil draws Most Glenn 12), n. (see God!” erson’ angelium rmJesus from (J eo oThomas to h2,42)i pee enrRezeptions- seiner Spiegel im 20,24–29) oh sl athanael ,“ yb rp ;L hrocsos(f Joh (cf. occasions ther eno Be ga sh usil,Ky. ouisville, ee ro ’s dpoutv eta lacuna textual productive nd sen 7,2.517 17), n. (see na atreveals eart ie h e oconque to key the vides command es dJ tf ;4 ’s etdt h datha idea the to lerted aerevealed have ’s esus ihes u believing,” but aithless, :1 niaint Thoma to invitation vikamhqyp_a attitude )b ,3 oteSamaritan the to 39 9, yt ’s ,2 di wounds 1) 426. 015), eoverwhelming he 3vols. (3 ?I ad nt e? .I ;B.W no (J 25 eepe nt hne 20,24– ohannes esuisof studies he . hrwords, ther Sinc ;A La econtext he n1 ar .T eiss, 27 th –i mpe, msterdam, rk emark- ed ere- He 3: i has his ndeed, eJ yont nowl- a Jo- Das 8to 38 Com- esus isci- ring tJ s’s as e- he Delivered by Ingenta ? 130.60.149.195 Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:04:07 Copyright Mohr Siebeck 30 29 32 31 cgotchrs he heresy ic-gnostic offered have would ubro eeecsi ut pre One sparse. quite is references of number htwsfo h einn,wha beginning, the from was what ae nepees etlinapasto appeals Tertullian interpreters, later ihoree,wa ehv okda n oce ihorhands our with touched and at looked have we what eyes, our with appea otywe ewa he when worthy (17.1 enn h odo life.” of word the cerning an n rswrh whe trustworthy and tain, tasma czstepaoi cpiimrgrigsnoyperception sensory regarding scepticism platonic the icizes aiyo h eurce body resurrected the of iality Marcion’ etos he ao figure major Three tentions. touche Thomas terpreters, iesne sgt on,smell sound, (sight, senses five aeyTertullian, namely hr emt eol ormmnswe h osblt htThomas that possibility the presse when moments four only migh be to seem there bedetai able irgr ae ietnso interpretations. of milestones later disregard udrs PDdiss. (PhD hunderts” 9 namely cannot 29, motifs, isolated in here. or scene discussed which the be episode, of Thomas developments the narrative in on themselves reflections present and receptions second-century earliest The Most, convincing. equally oesense some ntehsoyo nepeaino h hmsscene, Thomas the of interpretation of history the In CL286(rn.Most, (trans. 2.806 CCSL touched. 9 ndrAseugdrKirch der Auslegung der in 29) ps 12(23). Apos. as to 1 etlinargue Tertullian (1) 3) tn lt )( dato ,a ap ot obigThomas Doubting 17 thv oce Jesu touched have ot sh d“twstutotywhe trustworthy was “it nd l: oftx o h iwta hmsi attuhdJss e led Ep. already See Jesus. touched fact in Thomas that view the for text roof 1) hitwsno was Christ .14). Ib eToa psd o i ruettv goals argumentative his for episode Thomas he I h hl flt nin an ancient late of whole the “In ereti nc 1J –f ifysummariz riefly ohn rdfeetraos xlctyo implicitly or explicitly reasons, different or e.” dJ ca 29 1: Ip ss huhfrdfeetraosadwt ifrn in- different with and reasons different for though esus, li Befor ,Ign. 1, Or hi st ,U eueta h olwn et ipa nlecso on20:24– John of influences display texts following the that resume ns a fighti was ma uhdb eivn Tho believing by ouched gn n Augustine. and igen, niversität nain Christ inuation, sin sen 2,139. 12), n. (see obigThomas Doubting Smyrn. 32 ed pow nh tl,wha Still, eaia– anima De slsn h name the isclosing ev so t“ em et sa ru ncotargumen knockout erful .H ndnAfne i u it e sechzehnten des Mitte zur bis Anfängen den on Ha ,t 3: eevdin deceived ng ft se h ie[]adte twstrust- was it then and […] wine the asted 2; se n oc)(71,i hc ecrit- he which in (17.1), touch) and aste, traleegsbify nyt esup- be to only briefly, emerges all fter isra xgss hc presume which exegesis, ainstream br,16) ohwrsaelmtdi htthey that in limited are works Both 1965). mburg, swiigcontains writing is eerycuc ev sa illustration, an as serve church early he .P p ps 12(23) Apos. Ep. tiss nh tw oal,howe robably, ew ’s As eh sen 12] n. [see ur gis Marcion against bod 1J ilb en o l fMost of all not seen, be will as rsn sntTertullian’ not is prising av to dm 30 oTuho o oTouch? to Not or Touch To ohn enadhado h moun- the on heard and seen yw cigPeter’ uching eh mig 1J sa ediev ma ohn ,1 sn pats”( “phantasm” no as ad wha eard, ;P 1: dtogt fteein- these of thoughts nd –t tthin ht 31). ”(17.14). s” rot. 1: ve a h ie n a been has One Risen the hat 1: al W declare “We 1h r, ap Jas ta hita exegesis, Christian Thoma sotnbe referred been often as . ga rgaho the on aragraph kt 9 l et ml in imply texts All 19. –f sw tw nttedocet- the inst or ,b a th hat .C 31 ife eh ut iemany Like th sw ontrary ’s ’s av em mother” eut are results th sa es s“too as to es phan- tthe at ,c st ctual ater- tory Ja you on- een hat hr- 75 to Delivered by Ingenta ? 130.60.149.195 Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:04:07 Copyright Mohr Siebeck eblee ta h con the “that believed He (whic yits by rnlmdlto model trinal i ie oy ti ot noting worth is It body. risen his corpus. Jesus. doors.” in orss Thomas resist to cient lehoq_ i passio his fJohn. of helpe ntecross the on as status his by compromised 76 hsi h eu calle Jesus why is This only produce Celsu philosopher Platonist dle ( poetwh opponent gis h Gnostics.” the against a,adacknowledge and man, u ythe by but rmhmeeydut n eivd[…] believed and doubt, every him from 33 idence 34 37 36 35 Cels. eest on2:8adtecneso fToa nhspicplwork principal his in Thomas of confession the and 20:28 John to refers Most, fIrenaeus of etrzmditnBuc dritten zum mentar .Mroih(ed.), 11–12. Marcovich 28), M. n. (see Thomas” ungläubigen vom en c.B Mutschler, B. (cf. cerns tas .Chadwick, H. (trans. e h ml ouetto n nepeaini fuk DeGshct o un- 126–136. vom 107–122, Geschichte 28), “Die n. Pflugk, (see in Thomas” interpretation gläubigen and documentation ample the See Most, Cf. ecihevmugäbgnToa”(e .2) 13–20. 28), n. Most, (see Thomas” ungläubigen vom Geschichte way reses 3 uutn icse th discusses Augustine (3) (2) de 36 hw ejmnSchliesser Benjamin ma .2.I sntulkl htOrigen that unlikely not is It 2.62). :T On ,e \ tha 35 37 obigThomas Doubting obigThomas Doubting homas e fi ih aesre i ruet a osbyb xlie ntesame the in explained be possibly can argument, his served have might it if ven nJh 02 uutn omns H a n touche and saw “He comments, Augustine 20:27 John On nsur tim_ eilt u by but teriality oteaoaeadsgiiataehs124 his are significant and elaborate Most eu a,“si ee in were, it “as was, Jesus eg udbecome ould td na obigThomas Doubting ,a me ’s nrto later eneration )b uti remove is oubt et od e eeecst h hmssoyaentdi fuk DeGeschichte “Die Pflugk, in noted are story Thomas the to references few ’s am dddntral appea really not did nd dteconditio the nd n fwa eswadtuhd enwpu now he touched, and saw he what of ans srainb h poet edrdhmuual o Irenaeus for unusable him rendered opponents the by usurpation etwee a orthodox hat de ne oiyresurrection. bodily enied na mrsin( impression ental ietecnttto fJesus of constitution the fine Origenes Contr nt du a opsJhnembiIeäsvnLyon von Irenäus bei Johanneum Corpus Das hv 33 ’s sen 2,137. 12), n. (see sen 2,13 h eakbefc htIeau nowhere Irenaeus that fact remarkable The 133. 12), n. (see esldt ( solidity he ap dt oc u tl aal fpsigtruhlocked through passing of capable still but touch nAdversus on o n fhsdsilst rv h aeilt of materiality the prove to disciples his of one pon ak aC ti sen 2,139. 12), n. (see :C ,O eGdwo enihrswnrtouched; nor saw neither he whom God he ito otninfrltranti-Origenists): later for contention of oint nuit n fsmtcfor somatic of ind elsum db aG ontr eT ie ogta nelculbattl intellectual an fought rigen th st yt yo no ooyisse nThomas on insisted eology no oa psd nmn lcso i vast his of places many in episode homas aC Cmrde 1980] [Cambridge, ogtta fe i et eu ue to “used Jesus death his after that hought th ouching as Ha fJ tcsitt eraiyue as used readily be to saint stic lu ir VIII libri elsum at paw}tgr fa vamtas_a r fitreit tt ( state intermediate of ort rw ereses esus Or uddi hswy ( way” this in ounded ”( olucvrdb n body” any by uncovered soul gndvlpda nrct doc- intricate an developed igen ’b WN 189 [WUNT .A 12 Ac ’s d … wa […] ody )oft sA .) ti par is It 1.5). odn oOrigen to cording )o m( usqetcondemnation subsequent gsiesy,“h marks “the says, ugustine ’s VSp54 (VCSup ft ,1 ebd si wa it as body he e otrsreto body post-resurrection 3.SefrhrPlg,“Die Pflugk, further See 13). ewud ereceived he wounds he W rcae nteGospel the on Tractates o sylatij|m dor ;T bne,2006] übingen, sg tofd ;L :S aate not uaranteed ie,20) 132 2001), eiden, ’s uinudKom- und tudien Cels. ocigof touching ea desshae Adversus vn prov- ivine ¢ tf ,t aw speqe antan gainst raway ar eMid- he sb 2.61). )s ,3 eapon dt ’s efore ) All 1). uf con- ·1 he fi- 34 m - Delivered by Ingenta ? 130.60.149.195 Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:04:07 Copyright Mohr Siebeck theologian u eadn ta ai.Cnieigltrr depen literary Considering valid. as it regarding out four ancien nteie tha idea the on h numbe the e o o tis. it hot how see tthe at ih,poel paig sallowe is speaking, properly sight, n e o wel how see and orsenses four nerytwelfth early an e fJohn of pel Yuhav “You reasons rae deta greater i nfc touc fact in did ih st ergre as regarded be to is sight men igrhr n e yhands my see and here finger vides lehabeba ille pt Jesus spite 38 oigcenturies lowing “therapeutic 39 ftewud r rsre o eln h erso h obig ( doubting” the of hearts the healing for dubitantiu preserved are wounds the of CL3.6–8(trans. 36.667–68 CCSL enm, o etoigtouch. mentioning not me,” seen dt hsve,rte hnepesn toel ( openly it expressing allud- than merely rather Eusebius view, that this states Maldonado to opaque. ed quite are clues his since citation, yhsapaac n oc ( voice and appearance his by ettv fteve htToa i o oc eu.Esbu ssi obs i ar- his base to said is Eusebius Jesus. touch evidence repre- of not pieces early did three an on Thomas 300–360), gument that (ca. view Emesa the of of Eusebius sentative concerning 1862, 1682), Maldonado, (Lyon, J. […] by comment enigmatic an is There eo umil,es prenndct indica dicit, non aperte etsi ille, quam seno, Thomas nterc itr flat of history rich the In etlin Origen Tertullian, 1 uutn st emnindaan si nhis in in as again, mentioned be to is Augustine (1) omnaosbifyetranda lentv pin huhwith- though option, alternative an entertained briefly commentators td ap Ea ti e eafr “tha affirm he oes ,“ trrtr fJh 20:24–29. John of nterpreters trscen ster retv hllgclexplan philological erceptive es ’s o ih sas aiulynmdi connectio in named habitually also is sight For ti ercgie htJssddntsy“Yo say not did Jesus that recognizes he ’s mc ,o xlmto eycoey( closely very exclamation ri :a il e me” een nd ”p fe.Teie em o unimporta too seems idea The offer. sa eGektheologian Greek ne .A sw ord tT hJ igito ur tal reduce ctually -c li ugustine Ev ,A he ss o h a oee nhsfne”( finger” his in eyes no had “he for esus, homa ei nuyByzantine entury poses, as ts erywher bru ans(a 2018)adToa Aquinas Thomas and 1200–1280) (ca. Magnus lbertus nw ,1 mel nJ ananda (J ,a 15.“Sih is “[S]ight 21.5). h 02) Augustine 20:29). ohn er NPNF es sm nd ls ap ’s a“ usalem tt ;t y itn n see and Listen, ay, xaspectu ex anpoin main ea uutn l ge tha agree all Augustine gtnthv actuall have not ight eh he sei,adsehwwel how see and it, aste ki hysica 1 ,v ”( do eea es. nyin Only sense.” general of nd cetadmdea Christia medieval and ncient 7.438–439). dt steword the as di Iw leu sun ulnerum Joh :( aieconjunxerit maxime .T cpeddno did sciple ot )Teeagls a once Jesus connected has evangelist The 1) sual ouerhtesuc fMaldonatus of source the unearth to unable as lc :A dt &v e ersn h atmjrt flate of majority vast the represent hey n2 oin wo th on gsieadEuthymiu and ugustine ti ob oce eologia tt 0: at ak st ta amen 7,thi 27), ); ion elon thsoccurred has ct terpret ,S a Thoma hat n fgnrlsne”Augustine sense,” general of ind 3 eu eeysi bcueyuhave you “because said merely Jesus (3) rbiu acsnetaEusebi sententia haec Tribuitur e aeisl er,although heard, itself made ee, oTuho o oTouch? to Not or Touch To omnai nqaurevangelistas quatuor in Commentarii :W ts ). go ho n. td th raavestigia ervata yt 39 sm he ww r h eieaebriefly deliberate who ers l oteee”(121.5). eyes” the to nly ar ); nflostecamthat claim the follows en uh tT uhdJss one Jesus, ouched 2 hmsrcgie Jesus recognized Thomas (2) nJ et li s ml htThomas that imply ust de nt l tsounds it ell ts sb oa oce Jesus touched homas ot v touche ave rcae nteGos- the on Tractates sssy,“Pu says, esus c ftreo them, of three of nce ob el ihin with dealt be to avors lee.I h fol- the In elieved. uh (121.5) ouch” e ae oculos tamen Nec .A nw ne af ugustin ;t ,1 etn com- leeting sZ t h other the ith xe uhi,and it, ouch dm 21.4) ’s ei only gesis igabenus, ;s od and words elit, mell , but e,” ty ep oE La .F ,d our ro- me- tin ad 77 or e- 38 ’s Delivered by Ingenta ? 130.60.149.195 Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:04:07 Copyright Mohr Siebeck 02) o etoigteato touching of act the mentioning not 20:29), ormation’ coul ob an doubt response ob n at noce.Surprisingly, untouched. faith and doubt ml tha imply Jesus lyaintesle wit themselves align ally inafc h xgtclquestio exegetical the affect tion nepeain”wihcoul which interpretation,” evswt i judgement. his with selves mas ments anteupper the gain fathers 42 40 hrhfathers church adds c.12–24 aerecours make 1225–1274) (ca. 78 h ansong main the ain however mation, 41 n i ire side pierced his and pa of speak coloss i ( him odan Lord thors. appea i ia remark final His u eoistenmso thos of names the omits he but f fuk DeGshct o nluie hms sen 8,83. 28), n. (see Thomas” ungläubigen vom Geschichte “Die Pflugk, Cf. eaVnrbls( Venerabilis Beda mas uhmu Zigabenus, Euthymius nMost in n hudasm httethree the that assume should One 2 uhmu,woi evl netdt h arsi tra patristic the to indebted heavily is who Euthymius, (2) h evidenc The ’s dp ,“ .F ejmnSchliesser Benjamin 42 rs hsclcon physical al a :“ sen 12] n. [see ’e u tessyta fe ehad he after that say others But q ro itto oint dm ob i ow his be to hi rel sugges briefly choir Wh ag t_ja ,r sigatoiyi exegetic in authority nsuing de mt st –m ts athe radua yG elgclprogramme heological n[hms a th saw [Thomas] en voke rl utsAugustine. quotes erely eprinciple he olel .T 1 to ,1 od!’” th p_steuse eisr rt ha he th ,d yJ 40–141). ls ef df adofgotcaddctciesad eody ythe by secondly, and, ideas docetic and gnostic off ward nS oni vneimexpositio evangelium Joannis S. In ha nd. ta tToa deeme Thomas at ito mhssrte hn“ e n ut different quite and new “a than rather emphasis of hift setn ocswudincreas would voices issenting unanim c htJesu that act nt mral.Tosolitary Two emarkable. 41 nh ,h aith esus twt eu.Therefore Jesus. with ct Ex Euthy hough eb oii nJoannem in positio sactio is ht , .A ’s oafide sola lee meitl n i no did and immediately elieved l 40 raditio rcostrigt Thoma to turning gracious it µ! dth nd db ta mi yc t, ew et na no us et si sntfoun not is it as aemrxgkac male_mar nb xlie yteconcer the by explained be an na ss es oA et traiemelo lternative otogtThoma thought ho nw ae o“ ne “a to raced th r“ tcudflo tha follow could it otwehrToa i nfac in did Thomas whether bout ml as“Yo says imply gso h al nhs[Jesus his in nails the of igns di nntsta nepeesaedivided, are interpreters that notes en idecuieparticle exclusive hird ugustine dt atcleexclusivae particulae wor e tcome it hen dn al P 2.49 tas Most, (trans. 129.1489) (PG uhn oerlal hnseeing, than reliable more ouching ma ot k, to ho ”i .I ev h questio the leave ce i ecrie he him uched tr.Satn ihteRefor- the with Starting tters. wever ,s nf ’s sr ,i P 291)(672–735) 92.921]) [PL di di acl uil voic audible carcely ts act elevant. ww / dy scussion st na sai ei esmor eems uh ,m ,t ot ,b yo h arsi au- patristic the of ny nn eimpac he liges nedan indeed illingness, sd . eimmediately He ).” tT s Reformer ost teetal follow eventually ut av equestio he dno id me n slowly and umber homas es oagratia Sola so ,a fteReforma- the of tw een inn them- ligning no sol ea tt no ecm his vercame di obigTho- Doubting to ai ouc as do ’s fT me in com- tion, crt to ccurate ttot ft no ’s ft believing –n ]h criptura homa egreat he ut, ”( hJ eRef- he tt sa es fT tcited ot cou ands, ouch ouch John esus. ctu- ‘My na in ho- s’s ld Delivered by Ingenta ? 130.60.149.195 Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:04:07 Copyright Mohr Siebeck fJss Thoma Jesus. of ity growin “a by h doe who writers aeh rsemig she or he nate oyo eu,btrte wit materi rather the but as Jesus, of such body controversies, christological with cerned n hksofalrevere all off shakes and ( hth i o oet i essbfr ewa he before senses his to come not did he that Jesus 43 45 46 44 wrongdoing iidwt hm ( shame with rified lence eu hnh char he when Jesus al oToa,h eeldto revealed he Thomas, to larly other.” oan do esy( lessly meneutic aens,t break to eagerness, fe whe ified or ftehueoto er uhrepiil asta Thoma that “unti says explicitly unbelieving Luther fear. of out house the of doors ettv ftedsilswoallacke all who disciples the of sentative tactu ;J Most, GadRpd,Mich. Rapids, (Grand vin’ .Luther M. 229. here 228–230, h rnlto olw T.H.L follows translation The 294. here 289–297, 2, 149 oe c.tesmaisi fuk DeGshct o nluieToa”[e n. [see ungläubigenThomas” vom Geschichte It presup- “Die uniformly 28] little Pflugk, is Thomas.” in it placed though summaries Doubting Jesus, exegesis the touch of (cf. medieval did posed really story literature, Thomas that patristic the idea to the of on compared emphasis interpretation that, Christian noted the be should of history the in .Luther M. tcnb obse be can It In esu .T ,1 :“ sC as . avndiagn Calvin ).” :“ dn uatre intrep et audacter 45 0 223). 80, wi ems fcus o xgeaeteceuapoue yteRfrainwith- Reformation the by produced caesura the exaggerate not course of must We [W]h he obigThomas Doubting ommentaries st erm onCli lotksfrgrante for takes also Calvin John sn nJ tiges,i.e. else, othing lcniu questioning continue ll mo yd ur ,“ ,“ esu taporaeyhono appropriately ot on .F mtg hm e algnAotl.Eaglo Johannis. Euangelion Apostels. hayligen des Thoma tage Am st th to ns en mese otgnc sen uneinJohannis. Euangelion Ostern, nach Sontag ersten Am os nopol go ri a eraiyifre rmteEvangelist the from inferred readily be may it or ss rm12,Mri uhrhighlighte Luther Martin 1523, from si eswCrs,h hudhv encnone an confounded been have should he Christ, saw he oinar siaywihbaswit bears which bstinacy rv lh oe i ad n ett h icpe,an disciples, the to feet and hands his howed st ht uoecnud texpa et confundi pudore :T ge yo dta h eomto omnaosaels con- less are commentators Reformation the that ed ihth with es ei eprdgai beneficiar paradigmatic he eGse codn oS on1–1adThe and 11–21 John St to according Gospel he ,1 st e eetees tim Nevertheless, be. ft e n touches.” and ees dvda nwr n ed omte o obsti- how matter no deed, and word in ndividual os sen 2,15 4.Se however See, 148. 145, 12), n. (see 5) 0 o on20:27). John (on 209 959), edutrwt eine tbones n inso- and stubbornness, defiance, with doubter he ide te o-oeia a,msl npsig and passing, in mostly way, non-polemical ather c fo nce echurch.” he es ,i eC )s Pa as tish rthsothshn si unconsciou if as hand his out tretches ht kri ..Trac n ..Trac (eds.), Torrance T.F. and Torrance D.W. in rker atho th ri vr ako at nTho in faith of lack evere eipc fteapaac n words and appearance the of impact he m“hti is it “that em t.” wh swrstha works is li rt 46 ci 43 te rntToa i nfc touch fact in did Thomas not or ether he nt df 44 rrttv traditio erpretative wo dt naohrsro Luthe sermon another In ve aith ea hi oTuho o oTouch? to Not or Touch To dwl etake be will rd scere a hmsactuall Thomas hat th daan post-Reformation again, nd ta –f ta s ad n ettha feet and hands ese yo sc .Yth odyan boldly he Yet ). otmto th of contempt rte a okdthe locked had they or ttai ,t fJ nicdb touching by onvinced ecretsaeetibid., statement correct he dT es ns us hom lainadno and alvation ’s Fi graciou ma XX na s psl fJohn of Epistle rst nb as ”W 10/1.2, WA ,” s: alit dteher- the nd sr XX as ys dp yt h one The emained ’s yoft ”W 17/ WA ,” eW ar ouched sofa urprise sa articu- df words rc dt epr tw ctiv- ear- ord lar- Cal- er- ny he 79 e- ill Delivered by Ingenta ? 130.60.149.195 Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:04:07 Copyright Mohr Siebeck dvgrul n polemicall and vigorously ed il fteeeei fJh 20,” John of exegesis the of field odh a ofutrd( flustered so was he Lord es Most ness. follow eut los Salmeró Alfonso Jesuits 1583), contemporar u ocigtewounds. the touching out demonstrate fToa sa “inexcusabl reque the an condemning as in Calvin Thomas follows of He Geneva. in successor and even 80 1637) 49 50 h rvns fThoma of graveness the 51 48 47 ota Most that so ae[…].” sake rl eiieagmn saalbet rv h aeoc n o all for and once case seems the that prove to order available an is argument in as decisive up truly […] heaped numeration their are despite which random arguments, quite of accumulation very “[t]he hrhftes ocuigfo h od fJss(on2:7 hti s“adyob- “hardly is wounds. it the that Beza, touched 20:27) T. have (John must Jesus Thomas of that words scure” the from concluding fathers, church hmswudhv bydteLr … o hssesection see this [on […] Lord the obeyed have would Thomas ih ehp aergetdta eddnttuh[…] touch not did he that regretted have perhaps might eswChrist saw he ivdadsaid, and lieved nJerusalem in 67,321. 1617), lectura .Gerhard, J. as oofrtet a ruet hnt aet di htteei o n good one not is there that admit to Ma have to than arguments one.” bad twenty offer to haps, u n oeis eaage rmtefc httetx osntmnina actual an mention not Aquinas does himself which text Aquinas, adopt the not fromThomas allusion did that an of fact use the makes obviously from He touching. argues Beza polemics, any out hitsoe isl oaltesne ob recognized be to senses the all to himself showed Christ avtrsNsr xQuatuor ex Nostri Salvatoris ocig(f Tertullian) (cf. touching 5) 1 sgt ersnsalsne c.Augustine) (cf. senses all represents “sight” (1) 151): Wsigo,D.C. [Washington, .Salmerón, A. Most, rcau XXVII Tractatus poiet one-eomto exegetes Counter-Reformation to Opposite th ldonado, ,a ejmnSchliesser Benjamin in 49 eC obigThomas Doubting gr ne wh 2565 oiiein Homiliae ’s ounte peettv eeto fcmet hl demonstrate. shall comments of selection epresentative ol ietfgr nLuthe in figure minent Wi con In ’s ;t ;( yT ap Commentarii ’s omnai in Commentarii seset( assessment htepsil xeto ftelatter the of exception possible the th s nimpressiv an ist Ha )tetsioyo h Fathers the of testimony the 4) as F. rans. onsadsas n eoeh oce hitwt i igrh be- he finger his with Christ touched he before and scars, and wounds ‘M te yia contac hysical edr ea(5910) Calvin (1519–1605), Beza heodore Clge 64,26(rn.Most, (trans. 216 1614), (Cologne, r- rmoniam ntio yL Refo ,2 Hi r n yGd”(hmsAquinas, (Thomas God’” my and ord 010] :“ La nt tra oiiResurrectionis Domini storiam n ol a htToa eaefutrd( flustered became Thomas that say could One ;( rm sen 2,149. 12), n. (see ce n ..Weisheipl, J.A. and rcher )terlco Thomas of relic the 3) ,2 a teCtoi Cou Catholic “the hat s’ obigThomas Doubting n( sen 9,16,rfr oAgsieand Augustine to refers 1862, 39), n. (see Hi confusus ss Ev 80). to a adyb adt ipa aggressive- display to said be hardly can ation 50 storiae Ev n( in neitsCnetm omnaisConscriptus Commentarius Contextam, angelistis 15 nteohrhn,Jhn ehr (1582– Gerhard Johann hand, other the On yt neia itrcm ti Acta in et historicam, angelicam en 15–1 tb es 47 ot gra Ev em like seems etw )t umbe n”btage htuo seein upon that argues but in,” he vi neia eRsretoee sesoeChristi Ascensione et Resurrectione de angelicae 58 a eexclaim he hat ran su peccatum ssium rtsatcha Protestant ee 5) ,1 ;( nT ro 48 )“esnisl rvsthis proves itself “reason 5) Or 1 em inadequate seems 51) as ’s n Juan and oa n Jesus and homas fa igri h hrho h oyCross Holy the of church the in finger hdx,de lohighlight also does thodoxy, mtmo naxeyta osingle no that anxiety an of ymptom ac ,t omnayo h oplo John of Gospel the on Commentary obigThomas Doubting rgum ;( nt eagmnsaehrl original, hardly are arguments he ,s ueoesaeet as overstatement, rude Gnv,19) 426–427. 1593), (Geneva, 2) rRfrainrespond- er-Reformation c stegetSpanish great the as uch 1J ed ue vneimS Joannis S. evangelium Super ent ;a ;t ohn ll ’s ), h ofsinwith- confession the newti h tiny the within enge e gi,ls Thomas lest again, hen Ma dte ial o our for finally then nd rnhcompan French 51 sa 4b 1: Ap u the but dnd (1533– ldonado 1r elow] dwitn nd ostolorum :H :b fr oThomas to efers ,s sen 12] n. [see confusus etter ah ew ;t ad their tands :f e because hen ng s fother of ost nst read to ants rtbecause irst ,t es e,per- hen, ,v e on oes e to ses )w gt l 11: ol. Wi ,1 (Jena, ion the hen 50– th- he st ’s Delivered by Ingenta ? 130.60.149.195 Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:04:07 Copyright Mohr Siebeck men stretche itdb touching by victed uoGois(1583–1645), Grotius Hugo just (1612–1686), s exclaimin joined es, mind his of illumination inner An Christ. u aln i ynm) Fo h od fteEagls ecnfollow can we Evangelist tha the confidence of with words the “From name): by him calling out rso ut ifrn oeet ihnProte within movements different quite of ures 1J oprprs rgr h Grea the Gregory paraphrase to ndb i ocigs tha so touching his by ened him. n lnl,btol fe rpryexplorin properly explorata after prius only but blindly, and swl stePietis the as well as it,fsee npriua yNclu iznof(170 Zinzendorf Nicolaus by particular in fostered piety, epaino Jesus of templation alsigisl as itself tablishing ic h ihenhcentury, eighteenth the since 52 53 54 55 56 58 57 oh nmnbsToa nieia dfdmqa ie rdnimdsiuou profuit, discipulorum reducitur solidatur palpando credentium fide fidem in fides ad quam ille fidem dum ad quia infidelitas Thomae nobis enim otlkl,Gradhstefloigsaeet rmGregory’ from statements following the has Gerhard likely, Most Gerhard, .Grotius, H. lc nteitrrtto fteToa psd.Toa qia n ayother many and Aquinas Thomas episode. Gregory’ Thomas to the refer of interpreters interpretation the in place Gregory’ that indicates aphrase Goign 88,278: 1828), (Groningen, .Calov, A. Dedn 79,823: 1719), (Dresden, masse. utdin Quoted f .Vg,“Goi lua! i etnud eui e hooi e rfnvon Grafen des Theologie der in Jesu Seitenwunde Die Zinzendorf,” Pleurae!’ “‘Gloria Vogt, P. Cf. Bengel, a ald“itesd oe itesd oe o r mine.” are you hole, side little hole, piety Moravian side in “Little hymns popular called most was the of one Incidentally, Christ”). of Wound Side av nln wit line In ta 52 af a it nClna Bethlehem Colonial in Piety ian n1 nteend the In dhu nd wi chronologica in ew sf 1and :1 Ar Gnomon rhhsfne notewud ftehnsan hands the of wounds the into finger his orth Commentarius ilaNov Biblia frneto eference La miliatio noainsi Novum in Annotationes g: ht 55 PuN mpe, th . Gerhar ).” ( ‘M h Remonstrant the he oiirmi vnei ir II libri evangelia in Homiliarum nflosi h nepeaiefoseso avn(with- Calvin of footsteps interpretative the in follows en sen ) 409. 9), n. (see ,w 2(06,175–212 (2006), 32 .G Commentarius yL uhrnJhn ehr efn ut ismlrfig- dissimilar quite find we Gerhard Johann Lutheran th tJ ’s iT tT el n; ec sid 1J mioqo ue hitsfcseToa puto, Thomam fecisse Christus iubet quod Omnino hn lrctBne (1687–1752). Bengel Albrecht ohann zn tCrs,h a ob dash be to had he Christ, at azing saet Illustr estamenti or ho an“tha earn ohn Ve u ebll n eresy( fearlessly and boldly he but sen 1,321. 51), n. (see enterp ew da a a o bee not has mas rbo du ss 1: dm God.’” my nd ound lo 1a sc videndi iiulyapaiginsights. appealing piritually 54 we ie (University drie i on with point his nderlines met a culybcm xgtclcommon- exegetical become actually had omments tw rder dt etlinfollows. Tertullian to nd sen 5,3.707. 25), n. (see i uhrnantipode Lutheran his eo hi mystical their of ce tt a obse can te Te wo ;a eapostle he Ar ei ata s ..Atwood, C.D. lso stamentum ,t xplai i etiam hic l aeo ut iar features bizarre quite on take uld odP olnug(1628 Poelenburg P. nold nt eeaeteReforme the are here ,n […] sr es midbttoepostposita, dubitatione omni mens, ostra Pa ni ur 53 rv nl ,v rk, 67[L7.21) Gerhard 76.1201]). [PL 26.7 gta Thom that ng nm ol. ea Ta oTuho o oTouch? to Not or Touch To dt at prior faith to ed ,v s[ Pa tscomprehenditur. ctus 1: ol. gt tren ]ddntbleehastily believe not did …] ., gtb strengthene be ight Ha ,a stant 04,2321(Lvn nthe in (“Living 203–221 2004), 4: omnt fteCross the of Community emte ( matter he rmonia dh aet i sens- his to came he nd di noainsa Iohannem ad Annotationes uatre intrepide et audacter th nt theology ed eology. sh ehistorical-crit- he 0– as Ab di Ev wit ml nmind: in omily ar 70,th 1760), 57 angelistarum t h ieof side the nto a strength- was aa Calov raham to dt he In e eprobe re sed frneto eference 58 en con- being &t .T mbarrass- heologian Mo However, –1 ’s mexcla um on repar- free 666), ravian ec dby :M ame ,e on- Plus […] or- 81 s- 56 ) - Delivered by Ingenta ? 130.60.149.195 Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:04:07 Copyright Mohr Siebeck ekn okl Jesu kill to seeking ec oJesus to react ttsta Jesu that states er n sJesu is (2:17). ing background scriptural the concerning thoughts e a cem da aigpaepirt h epneof response the to prior place taking happe to httnil xeinecnla to lead can experience tangible that betwe 60 59 ( Jesu hntohnrdtmsi h e etmn,adweee tintroduc- it whenever and es Testament, New the in times hundred two than inof tion ospeech to spoke nevnn betwee intervening oThomas to 20:28–2 telg. Proponents “theology.” fac in . The 3.1 Arguments 3T The onsa mrbbeo nprpit.The inappropriate. or improbable as wounds cleeei fJohn of exegesis ical 82 f ,t ti mo aq ? otayto Contrary Most, eu nJohn in Jesus 2 h wordin The (2) (1) ija oi a John’ hat ss oa i o oc Jesus Touch Not Did homas ma 2¾ q uote tt ejmnSchliesser Benjamin tivate nb en nt Ra to y oThomas to ays uhdJsscnb rue ne h w aeoiso tx”and “text” of categories two the under grouped be can Jesus ouched nagmnsbogtfrhi poiinto opposition in forth brought arguments in qaj th obigThomas Doubting 9: hat · ? Jesus ys hrapodictically ther Te r A; ds ev s’ ,5 h narrator’ the e sr ² moeelse, omeone f xt W ar pa mi speech peec rle sn 1) ec,eet te tha other events Hence, :19). erb ti ’s NA sos ote“es nJohn in “Jews” the to esponse ’s :L sos epesdby (expressed esponse fJoh of epeato n epewr ( temple-word and temple-action s“ ma gh 2¾ arrativ ec n Thoma and peech 28 gc htrcand Rhetoric ogic, ! hB ).” responded tm n ayitrrttos(eety e.g. (recently, interpretations many and qaj po q go sb nt 60 Bi ,w t pknb n esnta follow that person one by spoken jq_mes ` otiv n2 ² cuehe ecause fJ etosece. osqety “ther Consequently, speeches.” two he onde o a tha say not does John sc es hich ,adi betwee in and ), :“ sp rle sen 2,57–58. 12), n. (see re ohn ause 0: th at yede o preclud not does tyle o aebeliev have You hrase ual poin gularly ,G eT 28–29 nspeec en de hai (20:29). ”t dd enMs argue Most lenn 20:2 m Thomas ems homas ot ! i rcl yspeec by irectly su Pe ma pe e ( hem 9c s’ saieDiscourse rsuasive jq hB nambiguous speec ehmefeult o 51) John (5:18), God to equal himself de ’s ! ntttsanothe onstitutes av ¸ pojq_meshai gHyl hg :T ap words.” tt is ! erba pejq ot nJ xuladTheological and extual ad hinw nt ro.I John In erson. ’s ed ofeature wo 5: eutrneo od r able are words of utterance he irec oh hsclvrfcto fJesus of verification physical lr st ¸ tr tT ÷ becau aoo mato fe notin After 59 ea esponse. ne hA n continue end r ihsmtiges cou else something hich hat ta .T n hudnote should One ! 2:8 n Jesus and (20:28) ho o-eblato from action non-verbal pejq dimdaeresponse immediate nd Bbn 115 [BibInt xp ,s ti ueypossible surely is it so ), ,n th evr ocr more “occurs verb he ,D se a tuhd Jesus “touched” mas th resses tb n te event other any by ot w em .E soft saq ev m rm ¸ o aese me seen have you ga o hgsam stes, bY Ev aigadfunc- and eaning iew 2: gt oe pehA speech uoted aj etx nJohn in text he gso nmr strik- more en 8 h “Jews” the 18, h usin of Questions The th rargument. or a hywere they hat ;L su th ei ed ie,2013], eiden, O tThomas at sn tltoday. ntil w rja mo ,h ’s iscip or words owev- RY ·5 oom ou ke le ld s’ ’s - - Delivered by Ingenta ? 130.60.149.195 Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:04:07 Copyright Mohr Siebeck La eventuall ossaeteve tha view the share tors yteRfre hooinFidihAdolph Friedrich theologian Reformed the by mas, xrodnr appearanc extraordinary tteote fth of outset the at vi etr fteegtet etr,temsiethree-volume massive the century, eighteenth in the analytico-exegeticus Commentarius of mentary Wr fGd-hooinKar God”-theologian of “Word 61 62 joy comple and ly wor o toc.W a bev hstheo this observe can We once. at sor Whil Concerns Theological 3.2 senses. other the convicte neoerd Thoma overrode ance hligpeec n fiaiu od Christ word. efficacious and presence whelming hrce fteGse as Gospel the of character etoe intuitio mentioned nrde esay he does (nor dspeculation ed u notemuho Jesu of mouth the into put loinclude also against as p ttsta Jesus that states mpe RtoRlgoi Studien Religionis [Ratio ug,“on20:24–29 “John Judge, carry would it uhüe das über buch e.g. 1,165 113, La Luthardt, orhGospel Fourth sen 0,685. 10), n. (see aetesnec as sentence the take –a d: unt mpe, eg wh ,i la ne otuhn snecessary. is touching No once. at ll B o atls,btbelieving” but faithless, not “Be nT amradsema and rammar ap &a c onilsrtsb i rpienraiestyle: narrative eruptive his by illustrates John ich dn ya Commentarius holuck, ;R.H a johanneische Das hy brupta. ei adndhsforme his bandoned dt ia otc,theolog contact, sical hrb i seein his by ther te Ev ac :S e.G. [ed. esneo oc o John. for touch of sense he irsch-Luipold, y n ewa he and ly, neimdsJohannes des angelium Commentar iigtn,wihcno edsendhr ri on2:7(f P.J. (cf. 20:27 John in or here discerned be cannot which tone, hiding gti nfc akn fgnrlsne n migh and sense” general of kind “a fact in is ight th es ns lwn rc isle h gloo the dissolved grace Glowing ad tToa i no did Thomas at :M Va cene. ho caaiesnec ahrthan rather sentence eclarative sen 5,3.707. 25), n. (see s’ tT so nB ’s ;T r hnDut eodRbk, in Rebuke,” Beyond Doubt, than ore l o edsisda nrtcladunwarrant- and uncritical as dismissed be not uld ea Ev homa presenc iia inte riginal nti bne,frhoig)adtasain (e.g. translations and forthcoming]) übingen, sen 4,443 24), n. (see elle 62 angelium aw sw sn otwahrnehmen Gott so saemrl h Propyla the merely are cs ti adysrrsn tha surprising hardly is It ;B gn ewemdwt diain hm,love, shame, admiration, with verwhelmed sa tol pertai only ot el oe(e below) (see hole T 200 ETL ri la ee dhsdutwr oqee y“Jesus’ by conquered were doubt his nd lB rb his by or 4hed. (4th sen 7,258 iia ruet r found, are arguments Similar 2.518. 17), n. (see yi ntentio sh voke lo nt arth tt st ;H sextraord is ;L ia rational gical o n turne and ion (J uhJesus ouch Ev he AW Meyer, .A.W. dt ue,2007] euven, ;G h 02) at holds Barth 20:27). ohn hi neimscnu Joannem secundum angelium ns 61 :D oTuho o oTouch? to Not or Touch To tign 82,566 1862), öttingen, to Fu true edeepe he ghlight ueosltrcommenta- later Numerous nt uching ov eSnei Johannesevangelium im Sinne ie temr,th rthermore, aq ot Pa ’s grul ruh forth brought igorously sugg in uestion. appearanc !) lladium he r od”s tha so word,” ary La Kritisc ,9 sp mo ei ,b .A st dh sstha ests 390 ee919–920). here 13–930, h et fJssi the in Jesus of Death The p (1683–1729). mpe ea nt vi tby ut riual Jesu articularly mtosi Tho- in emotions fT tt ugustine minto im ul u loto also but sual, he elaigcom- leading he fteargument the of Ta he Ve hom .T xegetisches e as ken ;Z e“ rba Jesus ea tt preem oa was homas ahn, as sensuous” ewords he nd ac ,N ’s […] aq insta Johannes ’s :“ above- onfe S) I RSV), th uestion utte in over- Ha This bre- the ave ent nt- nd- 83 s’s s- r- Delivered by Ingenta ? 130.60.149.195 Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:04:07 Copyright Mohr Siebeck 67 hmsgvsteaporaeanswer appropriate the gives Thomas 66 Sc hsve lopeal npresent-da in prevails also view this sntjs iu xotto,but exhortation, pious just not is 84 Barth tionale. sage.” 65 otstrikin most oedti fJohn’ of detail some [] ups htToa migh Thomas that suppose “[T]o yha by 63 and ancient 64 ncebr,and hnackenburg, 530 1018 a 07,291 2007), va, 2.318 2007), Stuttgart, evangelium Most, coln, .Dietzfelbinger, C. 2.343 98,380 1998), (SP lrfcto cairs18–21) (chapitres glorification vols. 91,2.630 1991), Mich. (Grand exhaustive, be to attempting and without 20 and John 82), on n. studies below and (see monographs Thomas numerous the account into taking than Rather Tex. nrdcinwt omnayadNtso h Greek the on Notes and Commentary with Introduction olwn omnaiso John on commentaries following 98,572 1978), Na Brown, Thyen, U. f id., cf. a zu tar 93,43n. 443 1953), .Barth, K. epi,17) 694 1971), delphia, ..Torrance T.F. .Bultmann, R. te edn wnit-etr omnaoso oncnu with concur John of commentators twentieth-century leading Other hil,20) 314 2002), shville, ve ’s Sc ejmnSchliesser Benjamin 67 ;T 4; ,1 ;P ;J h oplacrigt tJohn St to according Gospel The ;A 66 oiin includin position, hnelle, ,1 Thus enbrou been obigThomas Doubting hompson, olgvle Minn. Collegeville, Ka 8) 384 987), nItouto oteGse fJohn of Gospel the to Introduction An .B aoy Mass. eabody, Johannesevangelium Glen h oplaccordin Gospel The 9) 657 991), J Koestenberger, .J. Ra hrhDogmatics Church ie 13–21 pitel eutler, ;U ;J is Mich. pids, gl me 2vols. (2 ,t ;H .B .W 1; Das ;J nM h oplo John of Gospel The ;E cn nJohn’ in acuna emntn eadn h questio the regarding monotony he ecker, ivlCrsinexegesis Christian dieval R Michaels, .R. R. N Ridderbos, .N. ;D ilckens, ibrh 90,449. 1960), dinburgh, a Johannesevangelium Das John ;X Sc Das Ev gh s,neve ost, ;T A Carson, .A. ;C .L sa hnackenburg, neimnc Johannes nach angelium 6hed. (6th ,2 elgshrKmetrzmNunetmn 4/1–2 NeuenTestament zum Kommentar heologischer ;p tt Das ;J H Dodd, .H. sen 7,45(yimplication). (by 425 27), n. (see éon-Dufour, Ev Raym ,1 cut u t eps n otfundamenta most and deepest its but ccount, 0) .13 oeo hmoffers them of None 2.1193. 003), .Z ob Das sil ..Keener, C.S. ossibly sen 2,58. 12), n. (see neimnc Johannes nach angelium ,1 9) 648 997), Ev umstein, John ,v le in elief gR 9) 537 998), gt Ev neimnc Johannes nach angelium h oplo John of Gospel The sen 6,770 16), n. (see rs ;H l 3.2: ol. Prs 96,248–249 1996), (Paris, on neimnachJohannes angelium oJ h oplaccordin Gospel The h oplacrigt John to according Gospel The (BECNT st hyin dl utan Charle Bultmann, udolf hN 4/3 ThKNT :A h nepeaino h orhGospel Fourth the of Interpretation The :C dB h XIII–XXI ohn x scretya asv si a nlate in was it as massive as currently is ext a Johannesevangelium Das etr elÉagl eo Jean selon l’Évangile de Lecture aw L’ ;G Commentary K Barrett, .K. hi ta h otieo Creation of Doctrine The vnieslnsitJa (13–21) Jean saint selon évangile ;L ga Lno,20) 503 2005), (London, rown. sd yJ or .S ctuall R Beasley-Murray, .R. wa ;G :K chenke, hnieeeei ihtesam the with exegesis ohannine do vnt,i omisun to is ivinity, :‘ adRpd,Mich. Rapids, rand yf e.FJ Moloney F.J. (ed. ommentar ;F ;G yLor My 64 .H h oplo John of Gospel The fp yh (THKNT rom (NICNT ebr mBesa,19) 396 1992), Breisgau, im reiburg L Borchert, .L. Wi h oplAcrigt t John St. to According Gospel The Ac 29A (AncB wr(ahwr) n othis to And (Machtwort). ower owever tas ..Beasley-Murray G.R. (trans. 2vols. (2 v touche ave Johannes gt honly th ;F ac 2vols. (2 oJ da J Moloney, .J. (NTD Febr mBesa,2013), Breisgau, im (Freiburg erdec lear ohn ;G Te 4; ad ;Z na ;K nd –t rand xt :K :E ;N K4/1–2 BK epi,19) 306–307; 1998), Leipzig, suso ftequestion. the of iscussion (PNTC ;Ö 4; .W John othwt ilthis fill to how bout :A on12–21 John e.GW rmlyand Bromiley G.W. (ed. ou ;N in sH af 2ded. (2nd ommentar my wYr,17) 1046; 1970), York, ew dJ ,2 ötne,19) 315; 1998), Göttingen, K4/1–2 TK etn n Kommen- und leitung Ra engst, de wYr,20) 314. 2003), York, ew is wexceptions, ew Theological :A 0) 579 004), ,v etesame the se esus Is .D is Mich. pids, o,concludes: ion, (WB God.’” h oplo John of Gospel The sadntjust not rstand ol. 4; ml ee othe to refer imply CT4b (CNT Commentary ;Z odd rn Rapids, Grand 4: ;P a Johannes- Das ,a C3 rc,2001), urich, (Cambridge, (Düsseldorf, L’ ;G hiladelphia, (N nd er ela de heure ;A 63 ,R 6; ;2 AC ütersloh, Ex T Lin- .T. th lm ,2 ;G ;P ded.; nd udolf Waco, ;R er egesis mu- 010), ere- 25B; hila- ene- :An es- .E. a- (2 65 Delivered by Ingenta ? 130.60.149.195 Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:04:07 Copyright Mohr Siebeck ehiu,bti ahreepayfor exemplary rather is but technique, hrceso h Gosp the of characters 69 68 r carri are ia metaph sical perati hmsadJssprobable. Jesus and Thomas torica a nJh,a ivtto’b Jesu by ‘invitation’ an John, in has h oc of force the onhv bee have John hmstuhdJsst h poieafraintha affirmation opposite the to Jesus touched Thomas ie ytefrhrcus ftenraieadohrtmsi ttdex- stated is times other and narrative the In of plicitly. course further the by times u xeto,te follow they exception, out ukt ugssin suggests Tuckett Thom to mand eg narrativ weigh hl n tth at and whole oswtotsyn httefollow the that saying without goes otnt otuh u refrai but touch, to portunity 70 ing 4T nth In ja olwsuit follow l omnso eu drse ohsdsils(n xrse nteiprtv)are imperative) John the in in explicitly stated expressed is (and This disciples them. by his followed to addressed Jesus of commands All Estes, 13,4 ( 41 11:39, v (John h olo ehsa(5:8–9: Bethesda of pool the h a onbid(9:7: blind born man the oa sasmdt aefloe Jesus followed have to assumed is woman oreo h tr mle htJssrcie ae rmhr(cf. her from water received Jesus that implies story the of course to ukt,“eigadBleig sen ) 7 .9. n. 172 3), n. (see Believing” and “Seeing Tuckett, (1) as ´ oa i oc Jesus Touch Did homas ef O qete · e le ves st v cn oka h narrativ the at look econd h imperative The W loigsection ollowing dam ao to dator 1: usin fJesus of Questions ob et.Fv le nJohn’ in clues Five vents. dou ed as – 43 wisclose awaits ); E my % t i niaeadmore and intimate his oth ;1 :t osiue h n xeto oti atr nteGospel. the in pattern this to exception one the constitutes mecjam 6: qate or ac 1: esrat tteWdiga Cana at Wedding the at servants he 0( 10 ns ti ep ¼ opin 44 ep –t tou omma satyntol ecie naspec an describes only not nstantly – poi ;1 uidin tudied siiiisrte hnt con to than rather ossibilities ); G aeo obigThoma Doubting of lace ekey he .O ayMgaee e h olwn paragraph. following the see Magdalene, Mary On ). qam 4: ¶ ion h oa fiil(4:50: official royal the sate 31 af so ra ,c ;1 nd.” ,t sen 60). n. (see el v .2:) n rspoe ytecneti l te instances other all in context the by presupposed and 21:6), f. ootnote fJ Ii aem pace ayi.A xmnto fJesus of examination An nalysis. 8: […] eei one oasm tha assume to need no is here opywt th with comply mo nt ssi John. in esus th 11 ar 70 5 n ocalnethe challenge to end ;c ec ceiqe ! dulate e rmpu from ned mapese etil,terl htJesus that rule the Certainly, cn mon ecent ¸ .1:7.Ohradese fJesus of addressees Other 13:37). f. xai madimmediately. ommand :“ es !C […] st – ie h eyhig very the Given yean tyle ! df ? m x make ext usfor lues stod p in / – ’s ja di rom khem ! lhuhteqetoso eu in Jesus of questions the Although command gc · at m poqe tn follow stant og peqip ´ ew dt pesam os nieain r inte are onsiderations tn tit action. into it tting 1: heo […] raph, au si oTuho o oTouch? to Not or Touch To 9( 39 ¼ elg fJohn of heology (J il ou mtigmyams have almost may omething ni ² aF ohn ap lo lo aiosafrainthat affirmation nanimous ja tei tr ); 5 – wseja qweshe soealarneet It arrangement. overall ts d ia concep gical bt oteques the to ibute 68 communi ·1 7: fJ º hysica ehReading resh – 1 2: ,1 ( 10 8, rl m poqe h rhetori the ss hyunderstand they esus, G ¸ 7–8: xato er qem ipe oi to th 69 sr hs ¼ ! tJ eto lc hsi clarified is This ed cel […] ·e fJ m .As h Samaritan the Also ). vasta,with- that, eveals ? ² m esu au htJesus that tatus ’s natbetween ontact xeshe so bgte ); ohn’ ’s dhv h op- the have id 47,bcuethe because (4:7), ¸ 4: sate distinc ’s ja meaie also imperatives h ikmnat man sick the ’s pinio s’ t: 13: co si · commands Gospe – sn – hnthe When peqiep – ! nvitat b ft G tf m nd 1 arrative kham p ´ yhav- by c tc eim- he rhis- or bgsam ¸ ´ mym dto ed lisam la ² om- tei […] ion sa 85 at 1 ); ); j ; Delivered by Ingenta ? 130.60.149.195 Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:04:07 Copyright Mohr Siebeck n nt i,btrsod oThomas to responds but him, to on ing oet se h Lor the “see” to come fJsstruhlocke through disappearance Jesus of unsettling The Christ. Jesu of of confession the into transforms joy otuhhm ohMr n Thoma and Mary Both him. touch to plifie conse h eurcin Thoma resurrection, the there ihyconteste highly enn fJesus of meaning 71 ing.” 72 w none tre ihJesu with stories encounter two h edr fteGse)seanothe see Gospel) the of readers the 74 73 an 86 lrycaug ularly betwe parallelism ti o nieyta onwnshsraest mgn ht“ayMgaeeappar- Fehribach, Magdalene (A. embrace “Mary the the that reciprocate in imagine to Women refuses to he readers that and his Jesus” wants embraces John ently that unlikely with not replaced is quickly It too be not should Equals Beirne, M.M. Cf. brews trdesget htJh osdr eu ocniu oreigt i ahrand father his to journeying continue to at Jesus only considers therefore John that suggests Attridge e h uiiu uvyo nepeaieotosi ..Atig,“DntB Touch- Be “‘Don’t Attridge, H.W. Feminist in Recent Me’: options ing interpretative of survey judicious the See teshai aeCaatr nteFut Gospel Fourth the in Characters male NvSp162 (NovTSup in ..Sturdevant, J.S. person.” that to close Tertullian, be to someone approaching on niinMr,udrsc icmtne,mrl poking merely circumstances, such under Mary, envision 67 oeo ayMgaeeadToa nJh 20,” John in Thomas and Magdalene Mary of Role Jesus sen 5,1193 65), n. (see .Bieringer R. wfcto Jesus of facet ew (2) –t oTuho o oTouch to Not or Touch To 74 ;L st qu ejmnSchliesser Benjamin xincredulit ex Ma s’ eothe he sAa Culp Alan As ue,21) 18,hr 0 rus“httefcsi o ntuhn ssc,but such, as touching on not is focus the “that argues 80, here 61–81, 2013), euven, ’a hos WN 264 (WUNT sb ,w netha ence m[f on2:5 rgabn i ih adfra nin rms ffidelity.” of promise ancient an for hand right his grabbing or 20:25] John [cf. rm JNSp242 (JSNTSup yadThomas. and ry d rmtesealed the from ody ihi rsn nalohrocrecsof occurrences other all in present is hich ew ht Prax. ,“ th ocigJesus Touching rr ogrieve ho Li ;L d: ea h dpal eu fteFut Gospel Fourth the of Jesus Adaptable The eo h Bridegroom the of fe :“ tM 52(CL2.1195–1196). (CCSL 25.2 al peet h aaimtcdutrwoeincredulity whose doubter paradigmatic the epresents ’s en ie,21) 171 2015), eiden, 72 oe n e nteFut Gospel Fourth the in Men and Women ate ;T ntecnet ‘touch context, the In ’s tte mnlsae nm iw h hsclcmoeto h verb the of component physical the view, my In stage. iminal ngai respons enigmatic ary’ ep Here bne,21) 137–159. 2010), übingen, h gne pair” “gender the dniyadmsin The mission. and identity ;S d( nt Thoma dd e nihflycomments insightfully per efed 03,195–218. 2003), heffield, sg Sc o fJohn’ of ion 01,2) In 29). 20:18, st abo ?I os eu rhbt ayi e o rmhold- from joy her in Mary prohibits Jesus oors. oasi nMr adln, in Magdalene,” Mary on holarship ifadThoma and rief ex ?T h oi fpyia closenes physical of motif The efrtinterprete first he nterdisciplinary tJesus ut eMaigof Meaning he di si gra lectione ns ;c sa :AF Cleeil,Minn. [Collegeville, sso ocigJesus. touching on ists ecnrsstemrclu appearance miraculous the contrasts ve .DA e,“atesi nEaster in “Partnership Lee, D.A. f. eevident re si ’p ’s sf rg em am 71 as et oal eest ebae;i sdfiutto difficult is it ‘embrace’; to refers robably trrtr.Telink The nterpreters. death lo h directiv the ollow imro i lr c.John (cf. glory his of limmer inist ’s ayadToa,wihhsreg- has which Thomas, and Mary Mar tpoia es c.as at2:,9). 28:1, Matt also (cf. sense etaphorical Pe ne “Mar ense, oM cpiimb comm by scepticism l Wi s’ setvso h oiMe Noli the on rspectives ¶ sd Hi lou hmn te eetcommentators, recent other many th yd JSNT ro –g ary oub trclLtrr nlsso h Fe- the of Analysis storical-Literary û y( –d û srst odot Jesus, onto hold to esires pteshai ft ptou if hc wil which rief, n,tgte ihthem, with together and, ,“ l ta 8(95,3–9 ee46–48. here 37–49, (1995), 58 eresurrection he ,1 ¶ sietefc htthe that fact the espite :T :AG thr sn inconsist- no is [t]here eovercome re yi 998] lou nIsJhnieContext,” Johannine Its in he st nteNwTestament, New the in as saso onadHe- and John on Essays ,1 nieDsilsi of Discipleship enuine Pe eo efrtwtesof witness first he 73 û 60) siiu igrat finger uspicious aoyo h Logos the of dagogy ss ptou Th fJ sb ;c rcue the tructures sswith esus eo .Keener, f. an Ta tenthe etween lt ,a 2:7 is (20:17) ngere ne ighim ding Fa ur ’s dboth nd ith mean- exem- ni 1: (ANL :T 14). John nto the The û he p - Delivered by Ingenta ? 130.60.149.195 Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:04:07 Copyright Mohr Siebeck 75 ai presenc matic nwegshstu identity true his knowledges boliz out. e eu c.19:33: (cf. Jesus see noJesu into 76 78 with distance possible furthest the from body dead his spear loth also re ovrf i et.B con By death. his verify to order strumen 77 h ieo Jesus of side the a led ed n ftesoldier the of one dead, already was n aywoaelne ytemtfo hsclcnatwit contact physical of motif the by linked are who Mary and aspec Ea ahon each taeyo comp of strategy understanding.” n i niainfrToa otouch to Thomas for invitation his and nybetwee ency trnarrati ster ..Culpepper, R.A. 98,243 1998), nti atr,seRF oln,“WoAeYou in Are “‘Who Characterization,” Collins, Gospel R.F. see pattern, this On idcnimto o hi epciecmoiinltere tu eetyUC von U.C. critics recently literary (thus Thomas,” theories except compositional disciples Wahlde, respective the their Holy all for the that on confirmation inconceivable conferred find is “it been that have “aporia” would alleged the Spirit on Based it. grasp to Thomas 3.868). 66] 16) 7–9,hr 7.Icdnal,cmetre nnmul eonz Mary’s recognize Jesus unanimously to commentaries compliance Incidentally, 175. here 171–190, (1962), ruldraesi h al church early the in readers troubled .Zimmermann R. hnhmsde oet at,teei omnino h prt (Carson, Spirit” the of mention no is there faith, to come does whenThomas 35 e.CW Skinner C.W. (ed. h usincnenn hnhmsrcie h Spirit the received whenThomas concerning question The ntepemtlgclsmoimo Jesus of symbolism pneumatological the On usinMrsadEcaainMrs”in Li Marks,” Exclamation and Marks Question (3) 77 terary et ;1 ,6 tw Thoma hmsadtesoldiers the and Thomas es 9: 4,btteei eto ftesmoi bd fteSii n h niainto invitation the and Spirit the of abode symbolic the of mention is there but 54), ecutriaet obigToa.Atrrealizin After Thomas. Doubting to counter-image he et to t epc oorquestio our to respect ith 34 s’ lir tth at oldiers od Ap ss h opladLteso John of Letters and Gospel The ;2 fd ;s rahst Sixty-Seven to proaches nJ 0: d nodrt eiyhsrsreto n ie h soldiers The life. and resurrection his verify to order in ide ow mlryCFD ol,“h niiuls fteFut Gospel,” Fourth the of Individualism “The Moule, C.F.D. imilarly sr ah hms however Thomas, eath. ve. ea 20). es ,f eache ha 75 h opladLteso John of Letters and Gospel The 76 ar drcie h prt hc bestow which spirit, the receives nd ;W us o hc bloo which rom ;L th ihro oann exegesi Johannine Hitherto, snadcnrs naohrpaein place another in contrast and ison ’s ’a NTS N 314 UNT il u o Thomas not but will, si eo ec mnto oMary to dmonition e W nt dom rs ros ;L ot no,21) 79–95. 2013), ondon, he s( )w hrcesadCaatrzto nteGse fJohn of Gospel the in Characterization and Characters ewounde he ;T :L eddt ot aetenx tpi at and faith in step next the take to do to needed on1:33) In 19:33–34). John bne,21) 0–2,hr 1 c.John (cf. 517 here 504–529, 2013), übingen, totrcgiigwoh s n they and is, he who recognizing ithout r n God. and ord at Fi –r da ue nJohn in gures na h cross. the eceives tr dwater nd s,Toa ece ihhshand his with reaches Thomas ast, 3vols. [3 sp bou ,s ’s. ds e n oce i redadac- and friend his touches and ees ’s hi ecsJesus ierces as tT hrce tde nteFut Gospel: Fourth the in Studies Character ieadhns e .Pp,“Thomas: Popp, T. see hands, and side ,‘ .I ohcssh a inviting was he cases both In m. d fJssa h lc fpneu- of place the as Jesus of ide Itrrtn ilclTexts Biblical (Interpreting onthol not Do bl xlnto.Ide,“strangely, Indeed, explanation. ubtle ;E oTuho o oTouch? to Not or Touch To ?’ hom eencoun We –s Comparison/Contras Ironi CC e.SA ut ..Tli,and Tolmie, D.F. Hunt, S.A. (ed. sh ymbol ;G as aw –a ca .I sntcniee this considered not as adRpd,Mich. Rapids, rand ’s ti l,teslir open soldiers the lly, y h odessym- soldiers the ay, usinta particularly that question iewith side sf dont soft sn te aith. th tol Thomas only ot rt espiri he eP eJohannine he om 78 hJ as gt sinand assion ta as e’ John ;N a Jesus hat esu eiein- terile dFourth nd (20:17) t–f erin pear ashville, ,2 NovT s, sen. [see 3: 010], low but 34– 87 5 Delivered by Ingenta ? 130.60.149.195 Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:04:07 Copyright Mohr Siebeck 82 81 empty ree n nyrcgie eu whe Jesus fearfu the recognizes only and grieves i (2 him ffaith of tg,de no does stage, hemen mean as 80 ty sw ( “saw” nodrt experienc to order in teusem opsto fteGos the of composition omiz n hudbe should one ihs confession. highest r fpvtlnraiean narrative pivotal of are 79 n eev th receive and eeytruhtepwru odo eu rtruhhsoverpow his through or Jesus of word powerful the through merely hms ial,ntonl not finally, Thomas, rsne opu To presence. rnarratives. er 88 :P cn,rvreitrrtto nterm in interpretation reverse econd, rassert or usinof question nehmen üign 03,699–738 2013), Tübingen, Ac a olne eddt oc him. touch to needed longer no mas Lilcki n ueseugi oansvneim”in Johannesevangelium,” im Auferstehung und “Leiblichkeit f ..Le TeGse fJh n h ieSenses,” Five the and John of Gospel “The Lee, D.A. Cf. ce Schriften schen Ag Poplutz hannes n emtln e segabn ahJhne 0”in 20,” Johannes nach Osterglaubens des Vermittlung und ugdsToa Jh20,24–31),” (Joh Thomas des rung ugi o 0 nM Gruber M. in 20” Joh in rung f seilytescin“o adln uThomas zu Magdalena “Von section the especially Cf. Sc Cf. (5) (4) hnelle tradteBlvdDsil nyseth see only Disciple Beloved the and eter ea odn oJh”(h diss. (PhD John” to cording ainst so ejmnSchliesser Benjamin Sc As opraiyadtesne nteFut Gospel. Fourth the in senses the and Corporeality ,2 l re tly 0: bk to :t hnelle, fp deve :F 11–18) 0: qeta nesfcto fbdl lsns nteJhnieEast- Johannine the in closeness bodily of intensification equential ;A b(20:3–10) mb ´ ’s Sc eBelove he ld sen 0.Ntby l hs tde ntesne nJh ihrcnie the consider either John in senses the on studies these all Notably, 60). n. (see –f pei es yia eiiain(20:24–29). verification hysical hssi .Fe,“Ihhb e er gesehen’ Herrn den habe “‘Ich Frey, J. in thesis ) n,cnesl,i sToa h pronounce who Thomas is it conversely, and, 8), hnelle, TA shitfrJa usenz enm6.Geburtstag 65. seinem zu Zumstein Jean für tschrift usstnil proof. tangible quests rdfeetreasons different or silsrejoic isciples ap 79 lopm ,2 Johannes re T97 NT tr on2 scmoe ffu distinct four of composed is 20 John eS ,v yia eiiainirlvn from irrelevant verification hysical ti 0: utn oasm htThomas that assume to luctant ;t cgiehmb ih,adi rhbtdfo touching from prohibited is and sight, by him ecognize ol. Johannes tb )tecoh,ide “sa indeed cloths, the 5) ii hog h raho Jesus of breath the through pirit en etndisciple ten he 1: ;Z dD luntl tc i erihetdsGekreuzigten: des Herrlichkeit Die rc,20) 267–284. 2009), urich, sen 5,32 e lotemdfcto n lrfcto of clarification and modification the also See 322. 65), n. (see et pel onc iscip ;M ;K ys he y: sen 5,322. 65), n. (see dt ew ,“ H ag SnePreto n etmn nteGospel the in Testimony and Perception “Sense Wang, .H. as erning oni not is John e h ons u sinvite is but wounds, the ees ,D eüedsSehen Berühendes r encoun ary dniyo th of identity heo le –t aw he ra nvriy 2014) University, urham eivswtotseeing without believes a pnsen h ie eu,teJhnieTho- Johannine the Jesus, risen the seeing upon hat BZ lo nt hole sa ia significance. gical the 81 he 1(07,6–3 ee74–76. here 61–83, (2007), 51 ,t epiiee osethe see to privileged re Af ys man ecroeladsense-di and corporeal he a“ e l,ee h Belove the even all, ter so eJesus ee esJesu ters np odo o”telga in God”-theologian of Word wa eC 80 fa ifes :Z roal addresse ersonally al hr sn nee no is There dblee”( believed” nd rLgtmto e Zeichenforde- der Legitimation ur degr uiidadRsnOeby One Risen and rucified trr rtelgclperspective, theological or iterary tation :S ’s JBL el ;T ob a enovercome been has doubt egrd nesttdrBerüh- der Intensität teigernde (J si h2,8:Etthn,Inhalt Entstehung, 20,28): oh e.J. (ed. ad ;H nnwrapping inen tde zu Studien 2 21) 115–127 (2010), 129 Ea homa 82 ’s nap to ftecertainty the of ation irsch-Luipold, of St trsee htepit- that scenes ster ae nti alone, this on Based e.A etie n U. and Dettwiler A. (ed. mout de udnJohannei den zu udien ;M Sc Jes sd dt hlegel ial,frthe for Finally, us cla liminal eculiar r Magdalene ary e h( Ma dt oubt ot W st ’s e ja dem in crucis signa oc täsudJo- und tthäus ;W corp eGospel’s he uhthem ouch 20 dbyh dD me sa otwahr Gott onstruct :19–23); N 307; UNT si or nsions dve- nd ;J isciple ·1 nt er .F eali- p im; ing the rey, ¸ he s - - - Delivered by Ingenta ? 130.60.149.195 Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:04:07 Copyright Mohr Siebeck pel. 83 superfluou 84 nhsfunctio his als on but saw only not Thomas nessentia an eewords, mere tion fi scorrec is it If Gospel 5T (20:27). ol fteeagls,seeing evangelist, the of world os asadeetal hns sverba is thinks, eventually and says does, 86 85 fth of huma assume who boldt, ly oni not is John ally, manne akdycroeladsneoine et od r but are words text, sense-oriented and corporeal markedly gi lssi teftefiho h addressee. the of faith the itself in closes n ntesneta the that sense the in an” ua en,a utdadaotdi .Ringleben, J. in adopted and quoted as being, human Theologisch hsBuoLercso Humboldt on Liebrucks Bruno Thus 64 ntecmlxitreainbtensen n eivn,se e.g. see, believing, and seeing between interrelation complex the On denkt, schließlich und spricht “Jesus h eurcino eu nteGse fJohn of Gospel the in 222 Jesus WUNT of Resurrection The schichte Ha f ry Lilcki”(e .8) 1,77 huhh od hti on2:7touching Ag 20:27 visible. John in also only that holds therefore, is he is, though Jesus 717, and 715, 82), realm n. (see earthly “Leiblichkeit” concrete, Frey, Cf. the in manifest become has efuuns ftersreto stories”) resurrection the of perfluousness ocre ihtecnrt c fsen,snei a od ihGod with do to has it since seeing, of is act faith concrete Christian the John, with to according concerned that, emphasized has 136, here 125–141, 1972), rich, 1 h eurcinnraie,including narratives, resurrection The (1) 86 eRl fDutn n ocigToa nJohn’s in Thomas Touching and Doubting of Role he !– ec ;T is,e.g. ainst, n ShnudGabni oansvneim”in Johannesevangelium,” im Glauben und “Sehen hn, John’ ns ro bne,21) 6 .68 n. 261 2014), übingen, muiaino at,btntteexc the not but faith, of ommunication srte mor rather is ’R 85 :O ne,bigcon being enses, fK sreto,teSgs n h yaisof Dynamics the and Signs, the esurrection, sd sa lr crClmn u 0 Geburtstag 70. zum Cullmann scar tt eA r at,frwo Jesus whom for Barth, arl 84 ;T ,J danom nd ram ap l swel as ole a ntenraielgcof logic narrative the in hat na seugdsJhneeaglusi Horizon im Johannesevangeliums des uslegung A Ashton, .A. n nobel h te esso ua aueplay nature human of senses other the undoubtedly and bne,20) 47–74 2008), übingen, ap ossibility. tt aoft ioohro agaei h anrof manner the in language of hilosopher st ecia ftesoysol be should story the of climax he es epicpllnusiaiy(Srclcki” fall of (“Sprachlichkeit”) linguisticality principal he ecros he al ignifican l: u ihntestructur the within ous nesadn h orhGospel Fourth the Understanding tast vi Logos sprachlich :“ nce ot sa asals a e eshset öt cmct tut, schmeckt, hört, sieht, Mensch der was alles, dass e( uhdJss hncmol edviews held commonly then Jesus, ouched –a nd d“ tint 2: ’s eaevisible became ;T sb ) smel 9), his tha nesadn fte“pahihet fthe of “Sprachlichkeit” the of understanding cet Sen n eivn”(e .3.F. 3). n. (see Believing” and “Seeing uckett, ist.” ;H oth epoeso oigt at than faith to coming of process he ’s hooi crucifixi theologia ta W trde Fo icr ie Mean- Rises Discord “From Attridge, .W. drs oToa “Believ Thomas to address e.H atnwie n .Reicke B. and Baltensweiler H. (ed. th l( Ra ll as spra ei e.CR ose n .Bieringer; R. and Koester C.R. (ed. l( oTuho o oTouch? to Not or Touch To ther ah nuladsiiulpercep- spiritual and ensual pii uhro h Gospel, the of author mplicit th 12:3 lu Fa ch ea eT a philosophische Das ,J mnbigse,tastes, sees, being uman iemedium sive t nteGse fJh, in John,” of Gospel the in ith ,t lich).” h is ohn dtelg of theology nd ;c homa nil feh”I his In “flesh.” angible Neues td Ofr,19) 8 (“su- 485 1991), (Oxford, re .1:9,an 11:39), f. es considered. 83 Sp se a“ r o wrapped not are Te ntesymbolic the In rachdenkens Wi ’s ioe are pisode, Wo tmn n Ge und stament avto,which salvation, one lhel ,C .A rd-theo Ev R Koester, .R. mH me th ddition- angelium: dt e! eG dium (HUT ouch ”e um- ;Z not os- lo- n- 89 u- - Delivered by Ingenta ? 130.60.149.195 Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:04:07 Copyright Mohr Siebeck n n believing and ing ffih u ahrBultmann’ rather but faith, of y h textua the ly, (4.48).” yn automati no ly ivn scmlx hr r passage are There complex. is lieving event n n eivn (6:40 believing and ing as 6: es-ecpino Jesu of sense-perception 88 comm 91 90 89 n metaphorically and “impio ntemiraculo the on Jesus superfluou fteSno God of Son the of at no faith h none i.I tis it If him. encounter who h cross the 87 obelieve, to s“odadGd”I h yaiso John of dynamics the In God.” and “Lord is bu h hmseioeadtebo as book the and Thomas-episode the about theref h aentbee not have who death. Ea pin up 90 36 treven ster iiulpreto fhsiett (19:33 identity his of perception piritual MB25 (MdB fmn oi h perneo h ie Jesus Risen the of appearance the is so man, of f .Zmti,“’vniejohannique “L’évangile Zumstein, J. Cf. kreuzigten Ag Bultmann, Bultmann, ils udmnal hyogtntt edit!” need to not ought they Fundamentally ciples. ee15 here f .Fe,“i telgacuiii e oansvneim, in Johannesevangeliums,” des crucifixi’ ‘theologia “Die Frey, J. Cf. ing 2 hmsdoes Thomas (2) ;1 ,h is Bultmann, ainst s( :R the Schliesser Benjamin or 87 on us 4: 89 4: sreto oisi h orhGse, in Gospel,” Fourth the in Motifs esurrection sToa gras Thomas as es rt hmssek n csi lc ftoe(mle readers) (implied those of place in acts and speaks Thomas .T :“ ”r ) However 8). tet 8.A h xml fteslir eosrts hr scertain- is there demonstrates, soldiers the of example the As 48). At 88 tiueo e,wocno eiv wit believe cannot who men, of attitude ;G h eyeitneo h hpes[0ad2]i oehn fa anomaly.” an of something is 21] and [20 chapters the of existence very The sn ilsrgl ihunderstandin with struggle till ot sen 2,4554 ee552. here 485–554, 82), n. (see ts eeoe ongvsroom gives John herefore, Thomas John John qet(withou equest le ´ nv,19) 237–252. 1991), eneva, th ranom or kestai n h post-Easter the and iec nJh eadn h orlto fseein of correlation the regarding John in vidence e“ekeso man.” of “weakness he cl er us. sen 4,65n 5. n. 695 64), n. (see 696. 64), n. (see :“ naebetwee inkage o of oot na John b not ’s re q –a (J l e ostaetesle nthe in themselves situate to yet ble ÷ individua al ,s quire h 93) u r alway are but 19:30), ohn sen 4,696 64), n. (see m ;1 ersn,a Bultman as represent, dpt nohis into puts nd u,btrte climactic rather but ous, pt … and […] en snihrlne yJoh by linked neither is eeing th sc 2: sassmn sno is assessment is emaigo Jesus of meaning he st nb iie n uefca,ntlaigto leading not superficial, and limited be an 44)adohr tha others and 44–45) tc th sp he eg iiiigi) lutae h mah of empathy the illustrates it), riticizing lj ns eupsdcerctatgns fsee- of antagonism clear-cut resupposed unyan ourney piste}eim b oa :“ :U en n believ and eeing knowl j st stemrceis miracle the As lo ¼ esrtged rie”in croire,” du stratégie ne qi a ugs nietfcto fsee- of identification an suggest hat to fJ 91 º mo ac rl ohn’ ed Thomas ge h eatxulconclusion meta-textual The neso otewans ftedis- the of weakness the to oncession r radic are eurcino Jesus of Resurrection de t h ofsintha confession the uth eo h enn fJesus of meaning the of ge ;c uja ou nh itnilytemaigof meaning the xistentially ’s s“ peso ffihi neither is faith of xpression ts .19:5: f. aw artv,the narrative, sp sfmul claimed famously as –e ’s st om ac ts ’s aeyo at”t call to faith” of rategy ·b revdi ih fthe of light in erceived death oe(03–1 does (20:30–31) hole e fhsfihi based is faith his if ven in al ho neso oteweakness the to oncession e osprt both separate to eem ob,alw o his for allows doubt, c John’ uch ,sneseein since g, opposites.” tseein ut he Q do nt º Ea erihetdsGe des Herrlichkeit –b Mi rl »b% trlgtand light ster sen 4,2–19, 84), n. (see oa te exégétiques ettes t literally oth ou tet gm st mhqypor ga def fthose of 90 heo ´ kestai tJ iracles dbe- nd Clear- gasa ic ,“ lo esus ient the gy ’s - ; Delivered by Ingenta ? 130.60.149.195 Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:04:07 Copyright Mohr Siebeck 95 94 it taiyi h naï the is ituality 92 enperceived been insofa 93 eyes sees presenc h hmssoy []a s[]ra ssnoy hte ti perceived is it whethe whether or sensory, senses is human real the through […] directly is “[w]hat story, Thomas the h rte ok(03) n h testim the and (20:30), book written the 6.Thoma 26). umnto of culmination evoke and r o ataa explained Balthasar von Urs oteohrdsilsadt h mle edr.Te,b otat r de- are the contrast, of by testimony They, the readers. on implied pendent the to and disciples other the to faith. ti h sign the is it 20:31). iv mus lieve deva not onmn sign many down ’w evangelium tica ial-eif ae pi h none ihhmsadtecnldn aaimof macarism concluding However the and 20:29. John withThomas encounter the in up taken miracle-belief, ioeiceCrsooi mJohannesevangelium im Christologie tidoketische fmrce ad“ crflrbk fJss;aantTcet Sen n Believing” and “Seeing Tuckett, against Jesus”; of 3] rebuke n. [see scornful “a (and miracles of oM eJne SgsadWrsi h orhGse, in Gospel,” Fourth the in Works and “Signs Jonge, de M. So 316. f ..OBin WitnhtYou “WrittenThat O’Brien, K.S. Cf. eus,s ht“ehmefblee,aogwt i hl oshl”(:3,adhe and (4:53), household” whole his with Thomas along up believed, takes himself “he that so request, al oe nJhnieeeei.Otnie,John Oftentimes, exegesis. Johannine in noted larly f(oigt)fihi rtczda neiro eiin c.cretyU. correctly (cf. deficient or inferior as criticized is faith to) (coming of vierten ..vnBalthasar, von H.U. h ls eainhpbtenJohn between relationship close The 284–302. (2005), 67 3 hmsis Thomas (3) t h oySii,of Spirit, Holy the ith ;r and ocighm evok him, touching 92 ,v dbyt ra ather hs who Those ol. ea On Ev oce.T him To touches. lu sh tw ,1 2( nd neim ndrJhneshnSchule Johanneischen der in angeliums t h at ftoewohv ensgswt hi physical their with signs seen have who those of faith the ate 4n 6,nrde eu ermn hms Rather Thomas. reprimand Jesus does nor 16), n. 74 sc ewr of word he ,t ew oTu 48 NovTSup h artv ee,Thoma level, narrative the ss etewith restle sen 6,530. 66), n. (see h r fallate all of era the esgsare signs he omplie totin out et .T udb h las the be ould th ve s“ ’s he no et cri rreflecte or hleg,wihldhmt h ihs ofsin ete way Neither confession. highest the to him led which challenge, h lr fteLord the of Glory The ota o a oet believe to come may you that so ,J m fsgs h eso ewe h r fJesu of era the between tension The signs. of ime proto breln ae”a Marinus as case,” “borderline esus tiqu dt ;L th th oJ wr ie,17) 0–2,hr 1.Cf. 119. here 107–125, 1978), eiden, ’s ed eT ‘a –t ec ew odt h oa fiilde o imply not does official royal the to word np es tn htcl o and for call that iting srcin ihtersreto fteflesh.” the of resurrection the with bstraction’ wr eun faith. genuine eiqiiiedoubte inquisitive he onc oa o eusigsign requesting for homas us ,inc de se itnesses. te precisel itten rb ’s tt udos quat Ma lu Ea niaini h iea es,ntmerely not sense, literal the in invitation 4: os leesi carrie is elievers nrs oBultmann’ to ontrast ding yB 8ad2:5i ohfr n otn sregu- is content and form both in 20:25 and 48 trwtess(72) h etmn of testimony the (17:20), witnesses ster ,t io esign ee elieve ,v e‘prima he n( Ra odo th of word ol. on s’ rcnuin ftehum the of confusion) or ther se 1: :J FLN 144 [FRLANT 93 yo :E h 0and 20 ohn yf oTuho o oTouch? to Not or Touch To sa eigteForm the Seeing ncou ntewrdo h readers, the of world the In ,h 4: n nescugzrSeln des Stellung zur Untersuchung ine ri ft or nd 8i adt on to point to said is 48 ll he ti er th r– ie ma sw nt eE dt h is hs at is faith whose first the Holy peet h supreme the epresents ’, ep rwt Jesus with er de Mi ftelg n spir- and theology of mor Na ietfih As faith. nifest oe agls,wowrote who vangelist, tesdt shaving as to itnessed ,J ”( ,e ;G clae Neotestamen- scellanea ss ssgat h official’s the grants esus roeo evoking of urpose si rrative Jong .g xtremes V Spiri tign 1987] öttingen, apiste ma ei ot nt ., Eibrh 1982), (Edinburgh, ag Beutler, sg rrtto of erpretation a ecnbe- can he hat ep nrlrejection eneral Rh t( atdthan ranted Sc 41,25– 14:17, etoric,” ro ac :T hnelle, ¼ Johannes- an posed, ,s iiu of ritique [ hom s eeing Ha ‘s ,1 ] gte CBQ pir- 57). An- ns 91 s’s as 95 94 , Delivered by Ingenta ? 130.60.149.195 Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:04:07 Copyright Mohr Siebeck 100 h hel the oe n rms o hs h a olne see longer no can who those for promise and model one ihJssi nedetariay si inc it as extraordinary, en- indeed his is and intensity, Jesus unparalleled with their of counter terms in correspond fession lieve. a,doubt mas, al fDou of larly ftepyia ern,seeing hearing, physical the of treme eeain ffih(cf. faith of generations ieso,wihi euse yToa n rne yJesus by granted and Thomas by requested is which dimension, iet xlsv otc ihJss hc sntmediate not is which Jesus, with contact exclusive direct, imfrJesus for digm c.2:4,btwown oseadfe oe Attend more. feel and see to want who but 20:24), (cf. e.g. est fThomas of tensity yo h ywtess i pca oei loevide also is role special His eyewitnesses. the of ny Thoma readers. all for exemplary as faith to path sitne as intended is hrceie yJesu by characterized iht e n touch. and see to wish trl rmtoewowil who those from starkly oigt at i obig eig and seeing, finger. his doubting, with via touching and faith eyes to bodily his coming with seeing his in him to ntesiiul eahrclsense. metaphorical spiritual, the in 92 99 98 97 96 4 Thoma (4) gen f ry “Der Frey, Cf. rms ote(kpia)adese fteGospel. the of addressees (skeptical) the to promise di f J. Cf. 468. here 443–471, ukt,“eigadBleig sen 3] n. [see Believing” and “Seeing Tuckett, hs h aaimi not is macarism the Thus, clybtt rs htcno ese ihteee fflesh.” Ver- of narrativen in seiner 20),” eyes Grenzen (Joh the die mittlung with und Osterglaube seen johanneische be “Der Theobald, cannot M. what grasp to but ically Gospel on2, in 20,” John Sc led nerycuc nepeain n loi oercn tde.Cf. studies. recent more in also and interpretation, church early in already Ad ,M 99 eM nies Tuhn h ie Jesus Risen the “Touching hneiders, ejmnSchliesser Benjamin si sicl eahrclitrrtto fThomas of interpretation metaphorical istinctly po NO 64 (NTOA osc epeJh addresse John people such To calTheobald ichael Ha nt te eui oansvneimi otx nee rhhitihrDarstellun- frühchristlicher anderer Kontext im Johannesevangelium im Jesu utter Cleeil,Minn. (Collegeville, ft rtenstein, eprrylo i characte his of portrayal he ;a bt eSii.I the In Spirit. he n hms establishes Thomas, ing dtemne nwihJssmesti hleg sboth is challenge this meets Jesus which in manner the nd Jesus am sis ’s ‘z ;G unn othem to turning weifelnde dlfral for odel ’s not Ri hrkeiirn mDialog im Charakterisierung tign 07,221. 2007), öttingen, none ihCrs eeisaltoewoetim whose those all benefits Christ with encounter e nOur in sen tde u opsIohanneum Corpus zum Studien h “mouthpiece the s’ 97 1J sa ’T ,btis but ), ,2 a( ll ohn oa”(e .2) 32. 25), n. (see homas” lC sne(f 41) h rie tolate” “too arrived who 14:18), (cf. bsence 1) 46,hr 52 here 34–60, 013), Pa trbelieve ater akadloig rtqeo hms(gis,e.g., (against, Thomas of critique backward-looking) Mi ,a hr alt,Jsstrst hs h,lk Tho- like who, those to turns Jesus raclete, dst 1: nd sin,partic istians, .T 1–3) aw :E 96 to sy nteRsreto fJssi h Fourth the in Jesus of Resurrection the on ssays he :M itness As sh cigo Jesus of uching ,w joimym r: ,1 r adln n hmsteTi in Twin the Thomas and Magdalene ary Ea ”of ;h pir 98 sconcludin is ho 415 8) but 185), 74–175, :M trseede o rsn his present not does scene ster scneso ffaith of confession is ohhsuble n i con- his and unbelief his Both it to to aria wi all a elt a bee has reality ual :“ ’s ¸ cigseparates uching a ul h doubter the eigadtuhn sprominent is touching and seeing lhear ll h niaini o osephys- see to not is invitation The ae generation later Mag ewe h is n later and first the between rytoewodoub who those arly WN 267 (WUNT ss dalena, ,b ,s ad u u ohis to due out tands ’s gm in nce tsildsr obe- to desire still ut e n oc with touch and ee, followers gt lu dbyt a( acarism. dbys Pe ot sa des ;T forward-looking) rs hmsund Thomas trus, etest he bne,2010), übingen, dtepara- the nd etestimo- he nd at ,h evera hi s( ,p ,e .T isclosed mm 100 owe angible contra, .g articu- im ein- he ., ta fwe If le ony S.M. ve His eis ost nd x- r, Delivered by Ingenta ? 130.60.149.195 Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:04:07 Copyright Mohr Siebeck pro iltenraiegpi h rpsdwyadtk noacutAugus- account into take and way proposed the tine in gap narrative the fill Theologische Bern Universität Schliesser Benjamin er,seld atd n touched and tasted, smelled, heard, [email protected] Switzerland Bern CH-3012 51 Länggassstrasse Bibelwissenschaft für Institut ’s to sentim to o l te senses other all for Fa en kultät ,w a e n gras and see can we t, :“ lse are Blessed –a pt nd ha th ye tt oTuho o oTouch? to Not or Touch To s wh ose th evsa es stands sense visual he av ec oh m obeliev to ome av en tseen ot e!” –n pars 93 or