Performance Specialties Reference Guide

With good chemistry great things happen.™ Ashland at a glance

Ashland Inc. (NYSE: ASH) is a global leader in providing At Ashland, we are more than 10,000 people – from renowned specialty chemical solutions to customers in a wide range of scientists and research chemists to talented engineers consumer and industrial markets. We use good chemistry to and plant operators – working together to deliver value to make great things happen for customers in more than 100 customers around the world. countries. As a global company, however, Ashland has broader social Our innovative products and services add value to a variety responsibilities that go beyond our customers and into the of things that touch people’s lives every day. Our chemistries regions, countries and cities where we live and work. From help whiten your teeth, protect you from the sun and make giving back to our local communities through volunteer service your medicine work more effectively. They help create more and charitable contributions, to providing comprehensive sustainable building products and energy sources. They help safety, compliance and employee development programs, your cars, trucks and other vehicles run better. Our ingredients we are dedicated to responsibly managing our global can be found across a broad spectrum of applications, environmental, health, safety and security obligations and including adhesives, architectural coatings, automotive, positively contributing to our communities. construction, energy, food and beverage, personal care and pharmaceutical. For more information, visit us at ashland.com.

North America Employees: 7,000 Europe Manufacturing Sites: 34 Employees: 1,700 R&D/Tech Centers: 8 Manufacturing Sites: 14 R&D/Tech Centers: 8

Asia Pacific Latin America and Other Employees: 1,500 Employees: 300 Manufacturing Sites: 5 Manufacturing Sites: 2 R&D/Tech Centers: 8 R&D/Tech Centers: 5 Worldwide Employees: ~10,500 Manufacturing Sites: 55 R&D/Tech Centers: 29

2 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Contents

Product overview Gantrez ES copolymers...... 33 Solvents, intermediates and surfactants...... 6 EasySperse™ polymeric dispersant range...... 33 Vinyl monomers...... 7 Stabileze™ QM polymer...... 34 Performance polymers...... 8-9 I-Rez™ 160 copolymer...... 34 Specialty chemicals...... 9 Aquaflex™ FX-64 copolymer...... 35 Surfactants, solvents and intermediates Aquaflex XL-30 copolymer...... 35 Surfadone™ solvent/wetting agent...... 10 Jaypol™ acrylates...... 36 Easy-Wet™ 20 wetting agent...... 11 Ashland™ 940 and 980 carbomers...... 37 Dextrol™ and Strodex™ phosphate esters...... 12-13 RapiThix™ A-100 polymer...... 38 Emulsifiers, dispersants and lubricants...... 14 RheoThix™ 601 thickening agent...... 38 Ceraphyl™, Cerasynt™ and Emulsynt™ emulsifiers...... 14 Rapifloc™ A1-MG polymers...... 39 Vinyl monomers Bondwell™, Blanose™, Aqualon™ CMC...... 40 V-Pyrol™ vinylpyrrolidone...... 15 Ambergum™ water-soluble polymers...... 41 V-Cap™ vinylcaprolactam...... 15 Natrosol™, Natrosol B and Natrosol Plus hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC)...42-44 Rapi-cure™ DVE-3 ether...... 16 Admiral™, Liberty™ and Natrosol FPS...... 45 Rapi-cure HBVE ether...... 16 Culminal™, Benecel™ methylcellulose...... 46-49 Culminal, Benecel methylcellulose derivatives...... 48 Performance polymers PVP K-series polymers...... 17-18 Culminal, Benecel methylhydroxypropylcellulose (MHPC)...... 48 ViviPrint™ 540 polymers...... 19 Culminal, Combizell™ methylhydroxyethylcellulose (MHEC)...... 49 PVPP polymers...... 19 Klucel™ hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC)...... 50 Xxtradura™ 5636 rheology modifier...... 20 Aqualon™ ethylcellulose (EC)...... 51 Disintex™ disintegrants...... 20 Galactasol™ derivatized guar...... 52 Polyplasdone™ and Polyclar™ PVPP...... 21 Specialty chemicals Vinylpyrrolidone copolymers...... 21 Escalol™ UV filters...... 52 Ganex™/Antaron™ polymers...... 22 Micropowder™ Iron...... 53 PVP/VA polymers...... 23 Iron Pentacarbonyl...... 53 Polectron™ 430/Antara™ polymer...... 24 Drewplus™/Advantage™ defoamers...... 55-56 Vinylpyrrolidone/alkylaminomethacrylate and pHLEX™ neutralizing additive...... 57 alkylaminomethacrylamide copolymers...... 24 Charts ...... 58-71 Sorez™ HS-205 and Gafquat™ copolymers...... 25 Gafquat™ HS-100 polymer...... 25 Styleze™ CC-10 copolymer...... 26 This brochure is organized into four categories representing major chemical families of Ashland products. Setleze™ 3000 copolymer...... 26 Styleze W polymers...... 26 Styleze 2000 and Acrylidone™ LM polymers...... 27 Surfactants, Solvents and Intermediates UltraThix™ P-100 crosspolymer...... 27 pages 10–14 Vinylcaprolactam polymers...... 28 Gaffix™/Copolymer VC-713 polymer...... 28 Vinyl Monomers Aquaflex™ SF-40 polymer...... 29 pages 15–16 Aquastyle™ 300 tetrapolymer...... 29 Chromabond™ polymer...... 30 Performance Polymers Sorez 100 copolymer...... 30 pages 17–52 Aquaflow™ polymers...... 31 Gantrez™ AN copolymers...... 32 Specialty Chemicals Gantrez S copolymers...... 33 pages 52–57 Gantrez MS copolymers...... 33

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 3 Chemical/product trade name cross-reference

Chemical Name Ashland Brand Acrylate polymer sodium salt RheoThix™ 601 Acrylic acid polymers Jaypol™, Carbomer, Rapifloc™ Acrylic acid / VP crosspolymer UltraThix™ Carbonyl iron powders Micropowder™ Iron Carboxymethylcellulose Aqualon™, Bondwell™, CMC, Blanose™ Esters and hydroxyesters Ceraphyl™, Cerasynt™ 2-ethylhexyl palmitate Ceraphyl 368 M 2-hydroxyethyl stearate Cerasynt M 2-hydroxyethyl sterate and ethylenglycol Cerasynt IP Bis (2-ethylhexyl) malate Ceraphyl 45 C12-C15 alkyl lactate Ceraphyl 41 Castor oil monomeleate Ceraphyl RMT Decyl oleate Ceraphyl 140 Diisopropyl adipate Ceraphyl 230 Glyceryl stearate and polyxyethylene lauryl ether Cerasynt 945 Glyceryl sterate Cerasynt SD Hexadecyl lactate Ceraphyl 28 Isocetyl stearate Ceraphyl 494 Isocetyl stearoyl stearate Ceraphyl 791 Isodecyl neopentanoate Ceraphyl SLK Isodecyl oleate Ceraphyl 140 A Isohexadecanol Ceraphyl ICA Isotearyl neopentanoate Ceraphyl 375 Lauryl lactacte Ceraphyl 31 Maleated soybean oil Ceraphyl NGA Octyldoddecyl stearoyl steate Ceraphyl 847 Octyldodecyl stearate Ceraphyl ODS Propylene glycol monostearate Cerasynt PA Tetradecyl lactate Ceraphyl 50 Tetradecyl tertradecanoate Ceraphyl 424 Tridecyl neopentanoate Ceraphyl 55 Ethylcellulose Aqualon™ EC Foam Control (defoamers and anti-foam) Drewplus™/Advantage™ Guar Derivatives (nonionic, anionic, cationic) Galactosol™ Hydrophobically modified polyacetal-polyethers Aquaflow™ Hydroxyethylcellulose Natrosol™ Hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose Natrosol Plus Hydroxypropylcellulose Klucel™ Iron pentacarbonyl Iron Pentacarbonyl Isobutylene/maleic anhydride copolymer I-Rez™ Isobutylene/ethylmaleimide/hydroxyethylmaleimide copolymer Aquaflex™

4 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Chemical/product trade name cross-reference

Chemical Name Ashland Brand Methylcellulose Combizell™, Culminal™, Benecel™ Methylhydroxyethylcellulose Benecel, Culminal, Combizell Methylhydroxypropylcellulose Culminal, Benecel, Combizell Methylvinylether / maleic anhydride copolymer Gantrez™ AN Methylvinylether / maleic acid copolymer Gantrez S Methylvinylether / maleic acid half esters copolymer Gantrez ES, EasySperse™ N-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone Surfadone™ LP-300 N-octyl-2-pyrrolidone (NOP) Surfadone LP-100 Polyethylene glycol polyester copolymer Sorez™ 100 Poly (methylvinylether/maleic anhydride decadiene) crosspolymer Stabileze™ QM polymer Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone PVP Polyvinylpyrrolidone alkylated Ganex™/Antaron™ Polyvinylpyrrolidone / polystyrene Polectron™/Antara™ Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP ) ViviPrint, Disintex™, PolyClar™ Pyridine, 4-ethenyl-, homopolymer, sodium chloroacetate quaternized Chromabond™ Surfactants, emulsifiers, wetting agents Easy-Wet™, Dextrol™, Strodex™, Surfadone Ultraviolet absorbers Escalol™ 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-terbutylphenyl) propan-1,3-dione Escalol 517 2,2-[6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl] bis {5-[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]phenol} Escalol S 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate Escalol 598 2-Ethylhexyl-pdimethylaminobenzoate Escalol 507 2-Ethylhexyl-p methoxycinnamate Escalol 557 2-Ethylhexyl salicylate Escalol 587 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone Escalol 567 5-Benzoyl-4-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzene sulfonic acid Escalol 577 Vinyl caprolactam (VCP) V-Cap™ Vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) V-Pyrol™ Vinylpyrrolidone copolymers Vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymers PVP/VA polymers Vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate Sorez™, Gafquat™ Vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer Styleze™, ViviPrint, Setleze™ Vinylpyrrolidone/methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride Gafquat Vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide/ methacryloylaminopropyllauryl dimethyl ammonium Styleze chloride terpolymer Vinylpyrrolidone/acrylic acid/lauryl methacrylate terpolymer Styleze, Acrylidone™ Vinylpyrrolidone/vinylcaprolactam/dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate terpolymer Gaffix™ Vinylpyrrolidone/vinylcaprolactam copolymer Inhibex™ Vinyl caprolactam/vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide terpolymer Aquaflex™ Vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl caprolactam/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide and methacryloylaminopropyl lauryl Aquastyle™ dimethyl ammonium chloride tetrapolymer

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 5 Surfactants, solvents and intermediates

Surfactants • CHP™ solvent (n-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone): Individual The Surfadone™ alkyl pyrrolidones are hydrophobic in cosolvent or in combination with M-Pyrol n-methyl-2- nature, functioning as excellent wetting agents and effective pyrrolidone and BLO™ gamma-butyrolactone solvents to dispersing and cleaning aids. enhance performance by broadening solubility range in circuit board fabrication, cleaning formulations, dyeing bath Dextrol™ and Strodex™ phosphate ester surfactants are additive and paint strippers. leading technologies within our extensive portfolio of high- The common characteristic of these chemicals is high solubility quality additives. These high-performance specialty surfactants in hydrophilic media. exhibit superior wetting and emulsifying properties and are unique in that their compositions can be modified to • Propargyl Alcohol and Butynediol, due to their high achieve specific properties. Dextrol and Strodex phosphate electron density of the acetylenic bond, function as metal- ester surfactants demonstrate a strong viscosity profile and complexing and corrosion-inhibiting agents. broad compatibility as well as good stability to a wide range • Butenediol, having a cis double bond enters into of temperatures, pH and hard water. They provide corrosion Diels-Alder reactions, and Butanediol finds application inhibition, emulsification and dispersion properties. as a plasticizer and humectant. A ll four alcohols function as precursors to numerous Solvents and intermediates derivatives such as esters, carbamates, polyesters and Pyrrolidones: This family of chemicals varies in properties urethanes. as a function of substitution on the lactam nitrogen atom. All • THF is an inert solvent for numerous polymer and members are characterized by low vapor pressure, high flash organometallic reactions and is the precursor of point, high dipole moment, ready complex formation, surface polytetramethyleneglycol. activity as the alkyl chain lengthens, and biodegradability when the alkyl chain is linear. • BLO™ gamma-butyrolactone is a polar solvent for ionic substrates and functions as an acid donor in aqueous media • 2-Pyrol™ 2-pyrrolidone is used as a humectant, cosolvent at elevated temperatures. with water, coalescent aid and plasticizer. T he lower alkyl pyrrolidones, most notably M-Pyrol™ Emulsifiers, dispersants and lubricants n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, are excellent polymer solvents, Ashland has a broad family of water-insoluble esters and paint and photoresist strippers, paint coalescents, industrial hydroxyesters sold under the Ceraphyl™ and Cerasynt™ cleaners and extraction solvents. trademarks as lubricants, dispersants and emulsifiers. These • M-Pyrol™ solvent (n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone): Solvent, chemicals typically are surface active and find use in HI&I, cosolvent and diluent. Used in cleaners, coating and plastics, textile, photography, inks and coatings markets. A photoresist strippers, coalescents and rechargeable battery variety of esters is available with a range of properties, including manufacture. liquids and waxy solids. In addition, amide and quaternary- ammonium salts are available. • NEP™ solvent (n-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone): Low-temperature reaction solvent for temperature-sensitive reactions and cosolvent used individually or in combination with other water-soluble solvents. Used as an alternative for n-methyl-2- pyrrolidone. • HEP™ solvent (n-hydroxyethyl-2-pyrrolidone): Cosolvent formulated individually or in combination with M-Pyrol solvent for strippers and cleaners and as an intermediate.

Not available in EMEA

6 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Vinyl monomers

Vinyllactam ethers are offered for applications based on the utility of their olefin linkage. • V-Pyrol™ inhibited or caustic n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone is water-soluble and undergoes free radical homo- and copolymerizations as well as grafting reactions. V-Pyrol n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone is a low-viscosity reactive diluent for UV radiation curing processing. •  V-Cap™ n-vinyl-2-caprolactam is only slightly soluble in water, but can function in many applications similar to V-Pyrol n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone. •  Fully formulated UV-curable Gafgard™ coating systems impart abrasion and solvent resistance to a wide variety of surfaces.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 7 Performance polymers

The largest family of polymers produced by Ashland is based Acrylate Chemistry on n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and cellulose ethers. These include Ashland offers one of the world’s broadest portfolios of high- polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) homopolymers and copolymers. performing acrylate chemistry. The breadth of our product The latter contain functionality from coreactants, including portfolio means that we can offer chemistry that is highly vinyl acetate, PVP/VA, alpha-olefin, and Ganex™/Antaron™ 1 targeted to particular applications. Our products include copolymers. Dimethylaminoalkylene-methacrylate or rheology modifiers, dispersants, cobinders and emulsifiers -methacrylamide copolymers and their derivatives make that work as processing aids and performance enhancers for up the Gafquat™ and styrene and Polectron™/Antara™ 430 2 applications as diverse as paint and coatings, cleaning copolymers. Many properties are shared among the groups, products, oilfield chemicals, textile manufacture, water but each also has unique characteristics, varying with structure. treatment and more. The following are examples:

• PVP: high polarity, dispersancy, hydrophilicity, adhesion, Cellulose Ethers cohesivity and high Tg. Cellulose ethers are divided into ionic and nonionic • PVP/VA: thermoplasticity, oxygen permeability, varying types. The ionic cellulose ethers, Aqualon™/Blanose™/ hydrophilicity and adhesion. Bondwell™/AquaVIS™ sodium carboxymethylcellulose, contain substituents that are anionic electrically • Ganex/Antaron copolymers: hydrophobicity, an emulsifier charged. Nonionic cellulose ethers include Natrosol™ and dispersant for nonaqueous systems. hydroxyethylcellulose, Benecel™ and Culminal™/ • Gafquat copolymer: basicity, substantivity and high charge Combizell™ methylhydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose and density. methylhydroxypropylcellulose, Klucel™ hydroxypropylcellulose • Polectron/Antara copolymers: thickening and opacifying and Aqualon™ ethylcellulose and carry electrically neutral emulsion. substituents. Nonionic cellulose ethers can be further classified by their solubility in cold, warm or hot water, and in organic Ashland also offers polymers based on V-Cap reactive solvents. monomer. These include vinylcaprolactam homopolymers, copolymers with vinylpyrrolidone and terpolymers containing Cellulose is a polysaccharide composed of anhydroglucose both lactam monomers and dimethylaminoalkylene- units, which are linked through beta-glycosidic bonds. The methacrylate or -methacrylamide. These polymers are generally number “n” of anhydroglucose units in the polymer chain is more hydrophobic than the V-Pyrol reactive monomer- defined as the degree of polymerization (DP). based products mentioned above but offer many of the functional properties inherent in the lactam ring. Among Each anhydroglucose ring carries three free OH groups other applications, Inhibex™ polymers are highly efficient as at positions 2, 3 and 6. Ethers of cellulose are formed by inhibitors of gas hydrate formation. substituting one or more of the three hydroxyl groups. The distribution of the substituents introduced onto the polymer A range of alternating copolymers based on methylvinylether chain is largely determined by the relative reactivity of these and maleic anhydride are produced by Ashland: three OH groups.

• The Gantrez™ AN family of methylvinylether/maleic The number of substituted hydroxyl groups per anhydride copolymers is characterized by aprotic polar anhydroglucose unit is expressed as DS or average degree of solvent solubility and reaction with protic compounds such substitution. The DS can vary between 0 and 3. In the case of as water, alcohols and amines with facile film formation. alkoxylation, the molar ratio of alkoxy groups in the side chains • The hydrolyzed Gantrez S polycarboxylic acid resins to cellulose is specified and expressed as the average molecular function as dispersants, divalent cation binding agents and substitution (MS). Instead of DS and MS, the weight percent of the substituents in the cellulose ether is often quoted. The use polymeric acidifiers. of one etherification agent in the substitution process results in a simple cellulose ether, whereas using different kinds of agents leads to mixed ethers. Industrial cellulose ethers are alkyl, alkylhydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and carboxyalkyl ethers.

1 Ganex™ is sold as Antaron™ in Europe and Canada. 2 Polectron™ 430 is sold as Antara™ 430 in Europe and Asia Pacific.

8 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers Specialty chemicals

Rheology Modifiers Ultraviolet Absorbers Aquaflow™nonionic synthetic associative thickeners (NSATs) The Escalol™ family of UV absorbers are high-boiling, water- are efficient thickeners for high-performance waterborne insoluble liquid esters with broad absorption in the UV-B coatings. These easy-to-handle liquids build rheology in radiation region (290 to 320 nm). paints and coatings through self-association and interaction with other ingredients. Aquaflow rheology modifiers are Carbonyl Iron Powder based on hydrophobically modified polyacetal-polyether Micropowder™ iron powders are characterized as fine, high- (HM-PAPE) chemistry and are designed to function as drop-in purity, micron-size spherical particles with superior electronic replacements for urethane-type (HEUR) thickeners. and magnetic properties.

Foam Control Agents Drewplus™ and Advantage™ defoamers comprise a range of proprietary products that effectively control foam and entrained air in industrial processes and wastewater systems. In addition to collapsing or breaking down existing foam, the products remain on the water’s surface to prevent the formation of future foam. Ashland offers a range of highly efficient, hydrocarbon-, vegetable oil-, polysiloxane- and polyglycol-based antifoaming agents.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 9 Surfactants, solvents and intermediates

Surfadone™ LP-100 solvent/wetting agent Surfadone LP-300 solvent/wetting agent N-octyl-2-pyrrolidone N-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone

Applications Applications • S oil penetrant and softener in hard-surface cleaners, laundry • High-boiling solvent for polymers and hydrophobic prespotters and metal cleaning. substances. • Wetting agent for dish washing, industrial and institutional • Substitute for fluorocarbon surfactants used for oil well cleaners. stimulation. • Isopropyl alcohol replacement in fountain solutions. • Additive in hand or automatic dish washing detergents. • Solvent for polymers and hydrophobic substances. • Ingredient in pressure-sensitive adhesives. • Pigment dispersion aid and pigment conditioning solvent. Physical Properties • Component of photoresist strippers. Boiling point 145 °C @ 0.2 mm Hg • Wetting agent for aqueous systems. Flash point 116 °C • Component in microemulsifying systems. Freezing point 10 °C Physical Properties Viscosity 17 cP @ 25 °C Boiling point 100 °C @ 0.3 mm Hg Minimum equilibrium surface tension 26 mN/m @ 20 ppm Vapor pressure <0.001 mm Hg @ 25 °C Chemistry Flash point 113 °C Surfadone LP-300 wetting agent is sparingly soluble in water Freezing point -25 °C (0.02 weight percent) and soluble in most organic solvents. It is Viscosity 8 cP @ 20 °C a low-foaming, nonionic surfactant with an HLB of 3 and has no critical micelle concentration. Like its lower homolog, Surfadone Minimum equilibrium surface tension 28 mN/m @ LP-300 wetting agent interacts with anionic surfactants 1200 ppm forming mixed micelles that greatly enhance its solubility, Minimum dynamic surface tension 35 mN/m @ resulting in a synergistic surface tension reduction and wetting 10 bubbles/sec enhancement. Appropriate combinations of Surfadone LP- 300 wetting agent and anionic surfactants produce viscous Chemistry solutions and gels. Surfadone LP-100 wetting agent is a low-foaming, nonionic rapid wetting agent with an HLB of 6 and having no critical micelle concentration. Due to the electron delocalized lactam ring, Surfadone LP-100 wetting agent interacts with anionic surfactant micelles. This greatly enhances its water solubility, resulting in a synergistic surface tension reduction and wetting enhancement at low concentrations.

10 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Surfactants, solvents and intermediates

Easy-Wet™ 20 wetting agent Applications • Hard-surface cleaners. • Glass and tile cleaners. • Industrial and institutional cleaners. • Textile processing. • Pigment wetting. Benefits • Faster wetting. • Lower use levels. • Low contact angles. • Improved spreading on most surfaces. • Better equilibrium surface tension. • Enhanced cleaning performance. Physical Properties Physical form Clear liquid pH (10 wt% aq.) 4.0-6.0 Viscosity 15-30 cP @ 25 °C Specific gravity @ 25 °C 0.92-0.95 Chemistry Easy-Wet 20 wetting agent is a proprietary super-wetting agent in a convenient-to-use liquid form. Easy-Wet 20 wetting agent is a cost-effective premium wetter/surfactant suitable for HI&I cleaning, textiles, pigments and other industrial applications where superior wetting and spreading performance is required.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 11 Surfactants

Phosphate esters and specialty surfactants -2 Dextrol™ and Strodex™ phosphate ester surfactants are leading technologies within our ever- PO4 Monoester expanding portfolio of high-performance additives. Dextrol and Strodex surfactants have been developed for high performance in a variety of end-use applications by engineering specific PO -1 Diester chemistries under precisely controlled reaction conditions. Dextrol and Strodex are unique mono- 4 and diester phosphates as well as specialty surfactants that provide wetting, improve dispersion and emulsion stabilization, and provide corrosion protection. -1 PO4 Coester

Surface Tension: 0.1 Salt Chemical Description/ Typical Active Typical Viscosity Relative Solubility Product Active wt% in water; Form Moles of EO Content [%] [cP at 25 ºC] in Water pH ~7[dynes/cm] Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Dextrol OC-20/22 H 97 5,600 35.3 Hydrophilic Ethoxylate (10 moles) Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Dextrol OC-15 H 97 3,600 30.3 Alcohol Ethoxylate (6 moles) Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Dextrol OC-100 H 97 36,000 33.4 Hydrophobic Alcohol Ethoxylate (3 moles) Phosphate Ester of Decyl Dextrol OC-94 H 98 20,000 Hydrophilic Alcohol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Dextrol OC-93Z H 99 3,500 Alcohol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol D e x t ro l O C-70 H 97 800 36.2 Ethoxylate (10 moles) Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Dextrol OC-60 H 97 800 30.1 Ethoxylate (6 moles) Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol D e x t ro l O C- 97 H 98 1,500 Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol D e x t ro l O C- 4 0 H 97 800 26.5 Hydrophobic Ethoxylate (3 moles) Strodex FT-100 H Phosphated Alcohol 99 4,000 50 Hydrophilic Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Strodex LH-55 H 80 10,000 Ethoxylate Phosphate Coester of Aliphatic Strodex SE-100 H 96 200 27.9 Ethoxylate Mixture Phosphate Coester of Alcohol Strodex P-100 H 98 600 29.8 and Aliphatic Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester of Oleyl Alcohol Zenix 4617 H 98 3,300 Ethoxylate Strodex MO-100 H Phosphated Alcohol 98 1,300 43 Hydrophobic

Bold = Not available in EMEA

12 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Surfactants

Typical Typical Surface Tension: 0.1 Relative Phosphate Salt Chemical Description/ Product Active Viscosity [cP Active wt% in Water; Solubility in Acid Source Form Moles of EO Content [%] at 25 ºC] pH ~7 [dynes/cm] Water

D e x t ro l O C-752 5 D e x t ro l O C-70 NH4 10 25 600 36.2 Hydrophilic Dextrol OC-78N D e x t ro l O C-70 Na 10 89 15,000 36.2

Dextrol OC-6025 Dextrol OC-60 NH4 6 25 600 26.5 D e x t ro l O C-18 0 Dextrol OC-60 K 6 45 600 30.1 Dextrol OC-180HS Dextrol OC-60 Na 6 90 2,000 Dextrol OC-50 D e x t ro l O C-15 Na 6 90 6,000 30.3

D e x t ro l O C- 4 02 5 D e x t ro l O C- 4 0 NH4 3 25 600 26.5 Dextrol OC-45N Dextrol OC-40 Na 3 82 8,600 26.5 Hydrophobic Strodex FT-50K Strodex FT-100 K Phosphated Alcohol 50 < 100 50 Hydrophilic Phosphate Coester Aliphatic Strodex SEK-50D Strodex SE-100 K 50 100 27.9 Ethoxylate Mixture Strodex TH-100 K Proprietary Blend 81 300 Strodex FT-427 K Proprietary Blend 89 100 Strodex FT-428 K Proprietary Blend 76 350 Strodex PLF-100 Na Phosphate Coester 82 1500 Strodex LFK-70 L Phosphate Coester 70 400 35.8 Strodex PSK-28 K 55 50 28.4 Strodex NB-20 Proprietary Blend Na 99 500 Phosphate Coester Alcohol Strodex PK-90 Strodex P-100 K 90 7,000 29.8 and Aliphatic Ethoxylate Phosphate Coester Alcohol Strodex PK-95G Strodex P-100 K 80 1,700 29.8 and Aliphatic Ethoxylate Phosphate Coester Alcohol Strodex PK-85NV Strodex P-100 K 65 250 29.8 and Aliphatic Ethoxylate Phosphate Coester Alcohol Strodex PK-OVOC Strodex P-100 K 35 280 30.5 and Aliphatic Ethoxylate Partial Gel Strodex MOK-70 Strodex MO-100 K Phosphated Alcohol 70 36.9 >100K Strodex KM-400LV Strodex MO-100 K Phosphated Alcohol 60 100 43 Partial Gel Strodex EHK-70 K Phosphated Alcohol 70 43 Hydrophobic >100K

Bold = Not available in EMEA

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 13 Surfactants, solvents and intermediates

Emulsifiers, dispersants and lubricants A variety of esters is available with a range of properties, including liquids and waxy solids. In addition, amide and Ashland has a broad family of water-insoluble esters and quaternary-ammonium salts are available. hydroxyesters sold under the Ceraphyl™ and Cerasynt™ trademarks as lubricants, dispersants and emulsifiers. These A representative group of this product line is shown below. chemicals typically are surface active and find use in specialty, HI&I, plastics, textile, photography, inks and coatings markets.

Product Chemical Name Applications Ceraphyl 28 Hexadecyl lactate • Tissue paper lotion • Printing plate protection Ceraphyl 31 Lauryl lactate • Tissue paper lotion

Ceraphyl 41 C12 - C15 alkyl lactate • Plasticizing effects Ceraphyl 45 Bis (2-ethylhexyl) malate • Dispersant aid for electroluminescent devices Ceraphyl 50 Tetradecyl lactate • Viscosity regulator in laundry detergents Ceraphyl 55 Tridecyl neopentanoate • PVC plasticizer • O/W emulsions Ceraphyl 140 Decyl oleate • Textile finishing surfactant Ceraphyl 140A Isodecyl oleate • Plasticizing effects • Erasable markers Ceraphyl 230 Diisopropyl adipate • Lubricant • Mold release agent • Hard-surface cleaners • Inkjet inks • Circuit board cleaning • Tissue paper lotion Ceraphyl 368 M 2-Ethylhexyl palmitate • Pigment dispersment inkjet inks • Lubricant • Hard-surface cleaners Ceraphyl 375 Isostearyl neopentanoate • Pigment dispersion Ceraphyl 424 Tetradecyl tetradecanoate • Hard surface cleaner • Dispersant in magnetic recording media Ceraphyl 494 Isocetyl stearate Ceraphyl 791 Isocetyl stearoyl stearate • Pigment dispersions Ceraphyl 847 Octyldodecyl stearoyl stearate • Pigment dispersions • Polycarbonate mold release agent • Pigment dispersions • Graffiti removal Ceraphyl ICA Isohexadecanol • Mold release • Polyester finishing agent Ceraphyl NGA Maleated soybean oil Ceraphyl ODS Octyldodecyl stearate • Polycarbonate mold release agent Ceraphyl RMT Castor oil monomaleate Ceraphyl SLK Isodecyl neopentanoate Glyceryl stearate and polyoxyethylene Cerasynt 945 • Inkjet inks, pigment dispersion lauryl ether 2-Hydroxyethyl stearate and ethylene Cerasynt IP • Opacifier and pearlizing agent glycol Cerasynt M 2-Hydroxyethyl stearate • Pearlizing agent • Liquid detergent compositions • Hard-surface cleaners • Circuit board defluxing detergents Cerasynt PA Propylene glycol monostearate • Asphalt microdispersions Cerasynt SD Glyceryl stearate Emulsynt™ 1055 Polyglyceryl-4-oleate • Emulsifier Emulsynt GDL Glyceryl dilaurate • Emulsifier

14 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Vinyl monomers

V-Pyrol™ vinylpyrrolidone V-Cap™ vinylcaprolactam N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone N-vinyl-2-caprolactam

Applications Applications • R eactive diluent for radical initiated UV radiation curing used • R eactive diluent for radical-initiated UV radiation curing used in vinyl flooring, wood coatings, release coatings, inks, etc. in inks (especially silkscreening), vinyl flooring, wood coatings, • Numerous conventional polymerizations to generate an release coatings, etc. array of materials with a variety of properties as noted in the • Conventional polymerizations to generate materials that following polymer section. have more hydrophobic character than analogous V-Pyrol • Gafgard™ 233 formulated UV-curable coating containing vinylpyrrolidone based products. V-Pyrol vinylpyrrolidone and a multifunctional acrylate is Physical Properties used to impart high levels of abrasion resistance to coatings for plastic lenses, protective window films, credit cards, etc. Boiling point 116 °C @ 10 mm Hg Melting point 35 °C Physical Properties Vapor pressure <0.1 mm Hg @ 20 °C Boiling point 193 °C @ 400 mm Hg Flash point 114 °C Melting point 13 °C Viscosity 3.5 cP @ 40 °C Vapor pressure <0.10 mm Hg @ 20 °C Flash point 96 °C Chemistry Viscosity 2 cP @ 25 °C V-Cap vinylcaprolactam is a pale yellow crystalline solid stabilized with 10 ppm N,N’-di-sec-butyl p-phenylenediamine Chemistry and having chemical reactivity characteristics similar to those V-Pyrol vinylpyrrolidone is a clear liquid stabilized with insoluble cited for V-Pyrol vinylpyrrolidone. Polymers synthesized from sodium hydroxide or soluble N,N’-di-sec-butyl-p- V-Cap vinylcaprolactam are significantly more hydrophobic phenylenediamine. The latter inhibitor is supplied in V-Pyrol than their V-Pyrol vinylpyrrolidone analogs but still exhibit the vinylpyrrolidone at concentrations of 25 ppm and at 100 ppm, adhesiveness, strength and complexing capability characteristic respectively, for radiation curing and nonradiation curing of the lactam functionality. As with V-Pyrol vinylpyrrolidone, applications. This monomer is known to be a supercooled liquid V-Cap vinylcaprolactam is a super-cooled liquid and can remain well below its freezing point of 13 °C. It can remain as a liquid as a liquid at room temperature for extended periods. Rapid, at room temperature for extended periods. Rapid, exothermic exothermic crystallization under these conditions should not be crystallization under these conditions should not be confused with confused with bulk polymerization. bulk polymerization. V-Cap vinylcaprolactam accelerates UV curing rates as the V-Pyrol vinylpyrrolidone accelerates UV curing rates as the reactive reactive diluent. Typically formulated with an acrylate oligomer, diluent. Typically formulated with an acrylate oligomer, it imparts it imparts unique solution viscosity reduction and enhanced its unique solution viscosity reduction and enhanced adhesion adhesion to nonpolar substrates. The activated double bond of to nonpolar substrates. The activated double bond of V-Pyrol V-Cap vinylcaprolactam facilitates its use in free radical homo- vinylpyrrolidone facilitates its use in free radical homo- and and copolymerizations and grafting reactions. The products of copolymerizations and grafting reactions. The products of these these reactions are either linear or crosslinked homopolymers reactions are either linear or crosslinked homopolymers and and nonionic, anionic and cationic copolymers. Polymers from nonionic, anionic and cationic copolymers. Polymers from V-Pyrol V-Cap vinylcaprolactam are amorphous, and the caprolactam vinylpyrrolidone are amorphous, and the pyrrolidone ring imparts ring imparts hydrophobicity, adhesiveness, strength and hydrophilicity, adhesiveness, strength and complexing capability. complexing capability.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 15 Vinyl monomers

Rapi-cure™ DVE-3 Rapi-cure HBVE Triethyleneglycol divinyl ether Hydroxybutyl vinyl ether

Rapi-cure DV E-3 is a reactive diluent/monomer for free radical Rapi-cure HBVE is a reactive intermediate for use as a curable coatings and printing inks. It provides benefits and diluent/monomer requiring rapid cure rate and increased properties for cationic systems. hydrophobicity.

Applications Applications • Difunctional reactive diluent. • Dual functionality. • Cationic systems with epoxy and vinyl ether functional • Reactive diluent in UV-curable coatings and inks and as oligomers. cement additives. • Good solvency for onium salt photoinitiators. • Acrylic acid modifier for improving rheological profile. • Imparts flexibility to cured films. • Imparts flexibility and reactivity. • Facilitates pigment wetting/dispersion. Physical Properties • Charge transfer systems with unsaturated polyester Physical Form Colorless liquid with mild odor oligomers for wood coatings. Purity 99.0% • Free radical and hybrid systems with acrylate oligomers. Stabilized with 0.01% KOH Physical Properties Boiling point 95 °C @ 20 mm Hg Physical Form Colorless liquid with mild odor Flash point 85 °C Purity 98.5% and 96% Freezing point - 39 °C Boiling point 120-126 °C @ 18 mm Hg Viscosity 5 mPa•s @ 25 °C Freezing point - 8 °C Refractive index 1.4620 @ 25 °C Flash point 119 °C Skin irriation Mild Viscosity 3 mPa•s @ 25 °C Refractive index 1.4695 @ 25 °C Tg of homopolymer 20 °C Skin irritation Minimal

16 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers

PVP K-series • D ispersions using PVP K-30 and K-90 for nonaqueous dye- and pigment-based writing ink delivery systems. • P roduction of expandable polystyrene, with PVP K-90 used as the protective colloid. • P olyvinylpyrrolidone and a number of its copolymers used as media components in digital inkjet printing. • Ho llow fiber membrane manufacture in which PVP K-90 and K-30 create voids and hydrophilic domains in polysulfone Polyvinylpyrrolidone is a hygroscopic, amorphous polymer membranes. supplied as a white, free-flowing powder or a clear aqueous solution. Available in several molecular weight grades, it is • I n oilfield cementing, PVP K-30 and K-90 serve as fluid loss characterized by K-value and used in various applications. control agents. • O n lithographic plates using hydrophobic inks, PVP K-15 provides enhancement of the nonimage area. Applications • P VP K-85 and 90 in stearate-based adhesive sticks for arts • D ye transfer inhibition in detergents using PVP K-15 and K-30 and crafts applications. to form complex fugitive. • On both ends of toilet paper rolls, PVP K-60 is used as an • T extile dye stripping and strike rate control through adhesive. complexation and dispersion with PVP K-30. • I n fiberglass sizing, PVP K-30 and K-90’s film-forming action • P hotoprocessing where sulfide salts are complexed by PVP promotes polyvinylacetate adhesion. K-30 in developing baths to inhibit redeposition on film. • A s combustible ceramic binders, PVP K-30 and K-90 enhance • Laundry detergents where PVP K-30 inhibits soil green strength. redeposition. • I n tablet binder formulations, PVP K-30 and K-90 are used for • E mulsion polymerization where PVP K-30 latex stabilizer, industrial and pharmaceutical applications. functioning as a protective colloid, facilitates redispersion of • In CRT fabrication using negative photoresist technology, a “broken” latex end-use application. PVP K-90 is used with a chemical crosslinker in water-based coating systems. • In production of electrolead hydrogels, PVP K-90 is crosslinked by E-beam irradiation to produce a conducting medium. • I n metal quenchant bath, PVP K-60, K-90 and K-120 are effective thickeners. • PVP K-30 and K-90 are used for enzyme stabilization. • Production of nano-sized metal pigments. • Dispersant for carbon nano-fibers.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 17 Performance polymers

PVP K-series (continued) Chemistry Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) can be plasticized with water and Physical Properties most common organic plasticizers. It is considered to be physiologically inert. Applications take advantage of one or

C

o more properties inherent in the polymer, typically due to the

PVP PVP lactam ring. Grade cP as is @ 25 Weight Weight Viscosity Molecular (GPC/MALLS) Brookfield Available as Available Solid Powder Solid Concentration K-Value Range K-Value High polarity and the resultant propensity to form complexes K-12 10-14 Yes 5,000 with hydrogen donors, such as phenols and carboxylic acids, as K-15 13-19 Yes 30% 10 – 15 9,700 well as anionic dyes and inorganic salts. K-30 26-35 Yes 30% 200 – 500 66,800 Dispersancy, where components in a mixture are uniformly K-60 50-62 No 31% 2,800 – 4,500 396,000 distributed through the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone. K-60 No 47% 137,000 K-85 83-88 Yes 825,000 Hydrophilicity, where the substantial water solubility of PVP K-90 88-100 Yes 10% 500 1,570,000 is its dominant feature and frequently a factor along with other K-90 Yes 15% 2,500 – 4,000 properties valuable to numerous applications. K-90 Yes 22% 29,000 – 62,000 Adhesion, taking advantage of the higher molecular weight K-120 114-130 Yes 12% 48,000 – 75,000 3,470,000 PVP formulating in aqueous media, then evaporating sufficient water to generate a solid product for the desired application. Water absorbtivity ~17% water @ 60% RH/20 °C Cohesivity, where cohesive strength is achieved through a Tg 130 - 180 °C, increases with variety of dry blending and granulation techniques. Mw to Max. 180 °C Film formation Hard, glossy, transparent, PVP is cross-linkable to a water-insoluble, swellable material either oxygen permeable in the course of vinylpyrrolidone polymerization, by addition of an appropriate multifunctional comonomer or by post-reaction, Film refractive index ~1.53 @ 25 °C typically through hydrogen abstraction chemistry. Solubility Characteristics • Soluble in water and most polar solvents. • Insoluble in esters, ethers, ketones and hydrocarbons. PVP K-60 is currently available only as aqueous solutions. All other PVPs are available as dried powder or in solution.

18 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers

ViviPrint™ 540 polymers PVPP polymers PVPP (polyvinylpolypyrrolidone) is a highly cross-linked, amorphous, white, free-flowing polymer produced through a unique proliferous (popcorn) polymerization. Although insoluble in water, acids, bases and organic solvents, the polymers offered have swell volumes of between 4 and 8 ml/g in water. PVPP strongly complexes with phenols such Applications as tannins, flavonoids and dyes, adsorbing these compounds • Digital printing media. within its interior cavities. • Oilfield shale stabilization. • Rheology modifier.

Physical Properties Physical form 10-12% aqueous solution Brookfield viscosity 5,000-20,000 cP as supplied 650 cP @ 5% solids Molecular weight 600,000-800,000 (GPC)1 1,500,000-2,000,000 (MALLS) Tg 174 °C

Chemistry ViviPrint 540 is produced by a proprietary in-situ process resulting in a two-phase matrix consisting of soluble PVP and nanoscale PVP particles approximately 320 nm in size. This unique matrix allows for high viscosity, greater flexibility, better adhesion, curl resistance and improved water fastness in inkjet media compared to PVP K-90.

1 Determined relative to polyethylene oxide standards.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 19 Performance polymers

Xxtradura™ 5636 (FlexiThix™) Disintex™ disintegrants Rheology modifier Applications • Tablet and granule disintegrants, high capillary activity and Xxtadura 5636 powdered rheology modifier is a PVPP that hydration capacity. works under extreme conditions for aqueous or ethanolic or polar-oil based formulations. Capable of thickening aqueous Physical Properties and anhydrous formulations, Xxtradura rheology modifier is Physical Disintex 75 Disintex 200 compatible with a wide range of ingredients, effective across Properties disintegrant disintegrant a broad pH range (1-13) and has been shown to be stable with Chemistry PVPP PVPP inert salt numerous solvents and acids. No neutralization is required. Particle size 75 µ 150 µ

100,000 Use level 2% 2% • Hard tablet • Hard tablet 10,000 > 10 tons > 10 tons Applications • Dish washing tabs • Dish washing tabs 1,000 • Water-softening tabs

100 Viscosity Protocol Viscometer: Brookfield DV-II+ Chemistry Viscosity (cps) Spindle: TD RPM: 10 10 Time: 1 minute Temperature: 25°C Disintex disintegrants are proprietary blends of PVPP, cellulose and/or inert salts. They are used extensively as disintegrants 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 in laundry and dish washing detergent tablets, taking Concentration (% w/w) advantage of their swell volumes. The cross-linked PVPP Ethanol Water C12-15 Alkyl Lactate homopolymers are highly hydrophilic and will rapidly absorb water on contact to swell and create internal stress points that will break up tablets. 70,000

60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000 Viscosity (cps) Viscosity Protocol 20,000 Viscometer: Brookfield DV-II+ Spindle: TD RPM: 10 10,000 Time: 1 minute Temperature: 25°C 0 0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 pH

90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000

Viscosity (cps) 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Electrolyte Concentration (% w/w)

NaCl CaCl2 AlCl3

Viscosity Protocol Viscometer: Brookfield DV-II+ Time: 1 minute Spindle: TD Temperature: 25°C RPM: 10

20 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers

Polyplasdone™ and Polyclar™ Vinylpyrrolidone copolymers Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone The copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and a number of other vinyl monomers are described on the following pages. These Polyplasdone, Polyclar and ViviPrint PS-10 products are used in applications that benefit from the unique polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) are cross-linked characteristics of the pendant pyrrolidone ring in combination homopolymers of vinylpyrrolidone (VP). These PVPPs are with the properties of the comonomers’ functionalities. water-insoluble solids but retain many of the functional properties of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Many of the properties of PVPP are related to the unique pseudo cationic (zwitterionic) chemistry of pyrrolidone and effectively chemical complex phenolic and aromatic compounds via hydrogen bonding and dipole interaction and adsorb a variety of materials including dyes, printing inks, aromatic species (e.g., polyphenols) and colors in wine. They have high capillary activity and hydration capacity. Surface area typically ranges 1 to 1.5 m2/g. Product grades range in particle size from < 30 µm to > 200 µm. Smaller particle size grades (< 30 µm) can be used in digital printing applications with microporous silica as ink-receptive coatings to enhance drying of printed images, minimize impact on coating gloss, improve ease of formulation dispersion and reduce color variation and water resistance of printed images.

PVPP Functionality • Disintegration. • Dispersion. • Complexation. • Adsorption. • Clarification.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 21 Performance polymers

Ganex™/Antaron™ polymers Physical Properties Copolymer Tg/ Supplied Alkylated polyvinylpyrrolidone Grade Viscosity2 Composition1 Melting Pt. As 90% VP, White P-904LC 155 °C 14 @ 25 °C(a) 10% C4 olefin powder 50% VP, 55% actives V-516 150 °C 300 @ 25 °C(b) 50% C16 olefin in IPA 20% VP, Melting Pt. Viscous V-216 2500 @ 50 °C(c ) 80% C16 olefin 8.5 °C liquid 30% VP, Melting Pt. V-220 20M @ 80 °C(d) Wax Sold as Antaron alkylated polyvinylpyrrolidone in Europe and Canada. 70% C20 olefin ~35 °C 20% VP, Melting Pt. Applications WP-6603 Flaked solid 80% C30 olefin ~63 °C Ganex/Antaron alkylated PVP are relatively low molecular weight polymers varying in degree of hydrophobicity from Bold = Not available in EMEA water-soluble powder (P-904LC) to water-insoluble flaked solid 1 VP= Vinylpyrrolidone, C4 alpha-olefin= 1-butene, C16 alpha-olefin= 1-hexadecene, (WP-660) and are useful in the following applications: C20 alpha-olefin= 1-eicosene, C30 alpha-olefin= 1-tricosene. 2 Brookfield, cP: (a) RVT #2, 20 rpm/10% solids; (b) RVT #3, 20 rpm/as is; (c) RVT #2, • Emulsifiers and dispersants in nonaqueous systems. 20 rpm/neat; (d) RVT #5, 20 rpm/neat. 3 Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory. • Desensitizer/wax dispersants in melt-cast explosives. Chemistry • Dye dispersants for candles and shoe polish. Ganex/Antaron resins are copolymers produced from alpha- • Water-resistant film formers in wood coatings. olefin and vinylpyrrolidone. The alkyl component varies from • Kinetic inhibitors against hydrate formation in oilfield a C-4 to C-30 moiety in concentrations from 10 to 80%. The operations. combination of vinylpyrrolidone and alkyl functionalities • Asphaltene dispersants. produces a balance of dispersing and waterproofing capacity in the Ganex/Antaron line. • Pigment dispersants in solvent-based coatings and inks.

22 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers

PVP/VA polymers Polymer %VP Increasing Humidity Resistance, Flexibility, Series 100 vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymers Cohesive Strength E-735 I-735 70 W-735 W-635 60 S-630 Increasing Water Solubility, Film Hardness, E-535 50 Adhesive Strength, Glass I-535 Transition Temperature E-335 and Propane/Butane 30 I-335 Solubility

Applications Bold = Not available in EMEA PVP/VA polymers produce transparent, flexible, oxygen- permeable films that adhere to glass, plastics and metals. Chemistry These properties, coupled with the ability to control their PVP/VA polymer resins are linear, random copolymers hydrophilicity through monomer composition, enable produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers extensive industrial use: in ratios varying from 70/30 to 30/70 vinyl acetate to • In remoistenable hot melt adhesives. vinylpyrrolidone. • In repulpable pressure sensitive adhesives where the water PVP/VA polymers are thermoplastic resins with molecular solubility of PVP/VA S-630 facilitates recycling. weights ranging from approximately 15 M-60 M. Their • In hot melt adhesives for diaper wetness indicator systems. glass transition temperatures vary from 70 to 115 °C and hydrophilicity increases with vinylpyrrolidone content. • As a binder for dry-film photoresists. • In solder masks utilizing aqueous processing. PVP/VA polymers are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol, isopropanol and water. Polymers in the • In inkjet coatings for improved print receptivity. four ranges of vinylpyrrolidone content (30, 50, 60 and 70%), Physical Properties are produced in ethanol or isopropanol. PVP/VA polymers with 60 and 70% vinylpyrrolidone content are available as solids or PVP/VA Tg (°C) low to high Supplied As ~Mw as 50% aqueous solutions. Grade Mw Range E-335, -535, -635, 50% Ethanol 29,000-57,000 69, 96, 106, 117 In addition to being soluble in alcohols, PVP/VA polymers -735 solution dissolve in esters and ketones but are insoluble in ethers I-335, -535, 50% IPA 13,000- 71, 89, 108 and aliphatic hydrocarbons. The water-soluble PVP/VA -735 solution 22,000 polymers exhibit a 5% aqueous cloud point, i.e., the 60% 50% Aqueous W-635, -735 15,000-27,000 99, 114 solution vinylpyrrolidone content resin has a minimum critical solution S-630 Dry powder 51,000 110 temperature of 68 °C.

Bold = Not available in EMEA

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 23 Performance polymers

Polectron™ 430/Antara™ polymer Vinylpyrrolidone/alkylaminomethacrylate Sold as Antara 430 PVP/Polystyrene latex in Europe and Asia Pacific. and alkylaminomethacrylamide copolymers

Applications Polectron 430 polymer, with a glass transition temperature of approximately 100 °C, gives transparent thermoplastic films that readily adhere to glass, plastics and metals. The emulsion, compatible with many polymers and surfactants, is typically used as:

• An opacifier and thickener for cleaning products. • A hydrophobic coating for inkjet recording media. • An oil-resistant coating. • A cold-seal adhesive component. Applications These polymers have a number of unique properties such as Chemistry substantivity to anionic materials that make them useful as: Polectron 430 polymer is a white, thermoplastic, 38-41% solids latex produced as a graft, emulsion copolymer of 30% • Dye receptors in inkjet and digital printing media. polyvinylpyrrolidone and 70% styrene in the presence of an • A djuvants for electrodeposition of copper in printed circuit anionic surfactant. The size distribution of the emulsion is such board fabrication. that 90% of the particles are <0.5 micron with a maximum 25 °C viscosity of 750 cP @ pH 2.0-5.0. Polectron 430 polymer is Chemistry thermally and mechanically stable in the presence of a variety The copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethyl- of ionic compounds. The viscosity is unaffected after three methacrylate (VP/DMAEMA, X=O, y=2) or vinylpyrrolidone freeze-thaw cycles between ambient and -20 °C; the emulsion and dimethylaminopropyl-methacrylamide (VP/DMAPMA, is unbroken at 25 °C after 1/2 hr @ 10,000 rpm and does X=N, y=3) are supplied as viscous solutions in either water or not coagulate on addition of 1% hydrochloric acid, calcium ethanol. These polymers serve to a great extent as precursors chloride, alum or sodium borate. for cationic polymers through quaternization reactions on the pendant tertiary amino function. They are described on the following pages.

24 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers

Sorez™ HS-205 and Gafquat™ copolymers Gafquat HS-100 polymers Vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate copolymers Vinylpyrrolidone/methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium (VP/DMAEMA) chloride copolymer

Two VP/DMAEMA copolymers are quaternized with The copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone/methacrylamidopropyl diethylsulfate-producing Gafquat 755/755N and Gafquat trimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC) and vinylpyrrolidone, 734 VP/DMAEMA, which give transparent, glossy, tack-free, Gafquat HS-100 vinylpyrrolidone/methacrylamidopropyl flexible films. The polymers are substantive to negatively trimethylammonium chloride copolymer gives transparent, charged surfaces and compatible with anionic and amphoteric glossy and tack-free flexible films. Amide linkage in the surfactants. They have good adsorption properties with MAPTAC moiety imparts greater hydrolysis resistance. Typical of anionic dyes and pigments to enhance digital ink media. this cationic polymer family, Gafquat HS-100 vinylpyrrolidone/ These copolymers are cross-linkable with aziridine and methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride epoxides. copolymer is substantive to negatively charged surfaces and compatible with anionic and amphoteric surfactants. (Material Physical Properties is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.)

Brookfield Product Solution Mw1 Tg Viscosity2 Physical Properties

Copolymer 845 20% H20 1,000,000 172 °C 20,000-70,000 Brookfield Product Solution Mw1 Tg Viscosity2 Copolymer 937 20% H20 1,000,000 104 °C 20,000-70,000 80,000- Gafquat HS-100 Copolymer 958 50% Ethanol 100 °C 60,000-90,000 vinylpyrrolidone/ 150,000 900,000- 50,000- methacrylamidopropyl 20% H 0 184 °C Gafquat 2 1,200,000 125,000 155 °C/ trimethylammonium 755/755N VP/ 20% H 0 1,000,000 20,000-70,000 2 149 °C chloride opolymer DMAEMA Gafquat 734 VP/ 60,000- 1 Determined by GPC using polyethyleneoxide standard. 50% Ethanol 140 °C 30,000-70,000 2 DMAEMA 110,000 cP as is, @ 22-23 °C, RVT #7, 30 rpm. Sorez HS-205 VP/ 20% H 0 1,000,000 172 °C 20,000-70,000 DMAEMA 2

1 Determined by GPC using polyethyleneoxide standard. 2 cP as is, @ 22-23 °C, RVT #7, 30 rpm.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 25 Performance polymers

Styleze™ CC-10 and Setleze™ 3000 Styleze W polymers (ViviPrint™ 131) copolymers Vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide/ Vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide methacryloylaminopropyl lauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride copolymer terpolymer

Applications • Digital printing media. • S ettling agent for hard-surface cleaner (Setleze 3000 Applications vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide • Thickener for strong acid formulations such as toilet bowl copolymer). cleaners. Physical Properties • Inkjet-receptive media.

Setleze 3000 Styleze CC-10 vinylpyrrolidone/ Physical Properties (ViviPrint 131) vinylpyrrolidone/ Properties dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer Physical form Slightly hazy aqueous solution copolymer Solids content 10% (W-10), 20% (W-20) pH (as is) 6.0-8.0 6.5-7.8 Viscosity (cP) 10,000-35,000 6,000-24,000 pH (as is) 3.5-5.0 Mw 1,200,000-1,500,000 1,500,000-2,000,000 Viscosity <5000 cP (W-10) Nanoparticles No Yes 40,000-100,000 cP (W-20)

Neutralized H2SO4 HCI Molecular weight 2,700,000 Tg 161 °C 167 °C Tg 135 °C

Chemistry Chemistry These high molecular weight copolymers have a strong Styleze W polymers are random terpolymers of affinity for anionically charged substrates, which can be vinylpyrrolidone, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide and further enhanced through quaternization. They produce methacryloylaminopropyl lauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride. transparent, flexible, high-gloss coatings with improved water They promote and stabilize foam through their ability to resistance. Cross-linking significantly improves water resistance. reduce surface tension, have excellent adhesion to high-energy Presence of the amide linkage imparts greater hydrolysis substrates, and are flexible, elastic, low-tack and heat-resistant resistance. Compatible with nonionic, cationic and amphoteric films. Additional solution viscosity improvements can be surfactants, soluble in ethanol and water, insoluble (Styleze achieved by the addition of salts. (Material is not listed on the US CC-10 vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide EPA TSCA inventory.) copolymer) and partially soluble (Setleze 3000 vinylpyrrolidone/ dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer) in acetone. Setleze vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymers are produced by a proprietary in-situ process resulting in a two-phase matrix consisting of soluble copolymer and nanoscale particles approximately 320 nm in size that impart improved water resistance, light fastness and curl resistance in digital media applications.

26 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers

Styleze 2000 and Acrylidone™ LM polymers UltraThix™ P-100 crosspolymer Vinylpyrrolidone/acrylic acid/lauryl methacrylate terpolymer Acrylic acid/VP crosspolymer

Acrylidone is not available in Europe. Applications • High-efficacy styling gels. • Rinse aid in automatic dish detergents. • Metal quenching. • Inkjet-receptive media. Physical Properties Physical form White free-flowing powder Applications Molecular weight 1,010,000 (MALLS) • Clear gels. Tg 176 °C • Emulsion stabilizers. Chemistry Physical Properties Styleze 2000 is a high molecular weight, film-forming anionic terpolymer composed of vinylpyrrolidone and an Physical form White, powder acrylate backbone with a hydrophobic pendant C-12 chain. Acid number 340-390 It is insoluble in ethanol and water until neutralized for easy Viscosity (1% aq., 75% neutralized) 35,000-65,000 cP dispersion. It exhibits synergistic thickening when combined with associative rheology modifiers. Chemistry UltraThix P-100 is an anionic polymer. It is a shear-thinning rheology modifier with high Brookfield yield to suspend solids. Compatible with anionic, nonionic and some cationic polymers. (Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.)

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 27 Performance polymers

Vinylcaprolactam polymers Gaffix™/Copolymer VC-713 polymer Applications Vinylpyrrolidone/vinylcaprolactam/ dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate terpolymer Vinylcaprolactam-derived polymers give hard, glossy transparent films with excellent adhesive and cohesive Sold as Gaffix™ VC-713 vinylpyrrolidone/vinylcaprolactam/ properties. These products are also available in dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate terpolymer in North America. 2-butoxyethanol for application as kinetic gas hydrate inhibitors. The polymers also find use in many of the markets noted for polyvinylpyrrolidone. In general, vinylcaprolactam imparts reduced water solubility and cloud point relative to vinylpyrrolidone-based polymers while enhancing the hydrophobicity of the resin.

A range of V-Cap™ and V-Pyrol™ homo- and copolymers are available in a variety of solvents to facilitate uninterrupted flow Applications in natural gas field pipelines at varying environments defined • Gas hydrate inhibition. by brine content, temperature, pressure, composition and • Flocculating agent. residence time from field to collection point. They are cited below as Inhibex™ polymers. • Film former in hair styling products. • Inkjet-receptive media. Physical Properties Physical Properties Monomer Polymer Solution Mw1 Viscosity2 Composition Physical form Viscous ethanol solution 50% VCL/ 50% Inhibex 501 5-8x103 3000-6000 Molecular weight 82,700 50% VP butoxyethanol Tg 152 °C 1 Determined by GPC using polyethylene oxide standard. 2 Brookfield cP, as is, @ 25 °C, RVT #3, 20 rpm. Chemistry Vinylcaprolactam imparts increased hydrophocity and reduces tack. Water-soluble film former, pseudo cationic functionality, substantive to negatively charged surfaces. Quaternization yields cationic polymer; compatible with anionic, nonionic and cationic surfactants, silicones and thickeners.

28 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers

Aquaflex™ SF-40 polymer Aquastyle™ 300 tetrapolymer Vinylcaprolactam/vinylpyrrolidone/ Tetrapolymer of vinylpyrrolidone, vinylcaprolactam, dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide terpolymer dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide and methacryloylaminopropyl lauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride

Applications Applications • Film-forming polymer in hair styling products. • Film-forming polymer in hair styling products. • Inkjet-receptive media. • Inkjet-receptive media. Physical Properties Physical Properties Physical form Clear viscous ethanol solution Physical form Aqueous-alcoholic viscous liquid Molecular weight 37,500 % Active ~30% Tg 119 °C Relative viscosity 1.90 - 2.35 (1% in 0.2 N LiNO ) Chemistry 3 Molecular weight ~35,000 Transparent, flexible glossy films; pseudo cationic, substantive Tg 160 °C to negatively charged surfaces; quaternization yields cationic polymer; decreased tackiness and improved hydrocarbon Cloud point 46 °C (4% solids in aqueous solution) compatibility due to V-Cap™ reactive monomer; water- and ethanol-soluble. (Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA Chemistry inventory.) Transparent, flexible glossy film; cationic; substantive to negative charged surfaces. Association with hydrophobically modified gellant to increase viscosity over nonionic polymers. (Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.)

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 29 Performance polymers

Chromabond™ polymers Sorez™ 100 copolymer Chromabond S-100 dye-complexing polymer Polyethylene glycol polyester copolymer

Applications • S oil release agent in laundry detergents, fabric softeners and pre- and post-wash stain removers. • Ironing aid. Physical Properties Applications Physical form Slightly turbid amber liquid • Dye transfer inhibitors. % Solids 75-77% • Hard-surface cleaners. Chemistry Physical Properties A modified polyester copolymer concentrate in water-soluble form. The product imparts wicking properties to hydrophobic Physical form Aqueous solution textiles. It provides soil release and anti-redeposition properties % Solids 38-42% while reducing the electrostatic charge of treated polyester. The polymer forms a thin film on the substrate, enabling effective Viscosity 850 cP soil removal during subsequent wash cycles. Molecular weight 35,000 pH (5% solution) 4-7 Chemistry Chromabond polymer contains betaine (S-100) functionalities. Chromabond dye-complexing polymer is a premium dye transfer inhibitor (DTI), developed and used in color-safe laundry detergents. Chromabond polymer demonstrates superior complexing of fugitive dyes at cost-effective levels under different temperatures and surfactant environments. Its chemical structure promotes dye complexation up to 60 °C, while resisting interaction with anionic surfactants. Chromabond polymer is soluble in water and water-alcohol mixtures but insoluble in most other solvents.

30 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers

Aquaflow™ Applications Hydrophobically modified polyacetal-polyethers • Inks. • Water-based adhesives. • Water-based coatings. • Water-based latexes. Aquaflow rheology modifiers are nonionic synthetic associative thickeners. Thickening results from self-association and Chemistry association with the latex particles. They are surface active, Aquaflow polymers have poly(acetal- or ketal-polyether) stable over a broad pH range (4-12), and more salt tolerant backbones that are either linear or branched. The polyethers (as than commercial HEURs (hydrophobe-modified ethoxylated precursors for the final polymer) are water-soluble polyalkylene urethanes). The Aquaflow product line contains both high- oxide or copolymers of polyalkylene oxides. The hydrophobes shear and low-shear nonionic thickeners. are chosen to balance rheological properties and hydrophobic/ hydrophilic interactions. Physical Properties

Shear Effect1 Active Solvent Aquaflow NSAT Product Value BF KU ICI Solids, % Free

XLS-500 25% Yes • Improved sag/levelling balance • Increased Brookfield viscosity XLS 525 20% Yes

• Improved sag/levelling balance XLS-530 20% Yes • Increased Brookfield viscosity

NLS-210 25% No • Low- and mid-shear effective

NLS-200 25% No • Original Aquaflow NSAT KU builder NLS-205 17.5% No2 • Excellent flow and levelling NLS-220 20% Yes

• Balance of KU & ICI viscosity – hybrid performance NMS-450 19% Yes • Efficient high-shear driver in difficult-to-thicken latex systems

• High-shear effective with some KU build NHS-350 17.5% Yes • Excellent application properties

NHS-300 20% Yes • Original Aquaflow NSAT ICI builders

1 Low to high shear where BF=Brookfield, NJ, KU=Krebs Stormer, ICI=Cone and Plate. 2 Aquaflow NLS-205 contains a VOC-free carrier.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 31 Performance polymers

Gantrez™ copolymers Physical Properties Grade Viscosity1 Molecular Weight2 AN-119 0.1-0.5 130,000 AN-139 1.0-1.5 690,000 AN-149 1.5-2.5 1,250,000 AN-169 2.6-3.5 1,980,000

1 cSt 1% in MEK @ 25 °C, Cannon Fenske, tube size 100. 2 SEC/LALLS detector.

Reaction of the anhydride functional group with essentially any molecule having an “active hydrogen” opens a wealth of opportunities to synthesize useful derivatives.

Chemistry Gantrez AN copolymers Gantrez AN copolymers contain alternating units of Polymethylvinylether/maleic anhydride copolymer methylvinylether and maleic anhydride. The fundamental character of this polymerization requires that a maleic Applications anhydride unit must be adjacent to a methylvinylether unit and vice versa, resulting in a true alternating copolymer. Because of their unique chemical structure and reactivities, As shown in the table above, Gantrez AN (anhydride form) Gantrez copolymers function well as: copolymer is available in the molecular weight range of • Dispersants for fluorescent light phosphors. 0.13 M-2.5 M. The polymers are white hygroscopic powders soluble in tetrahydrofuran and M-Pyrol™ solvent; they are • Microcapsule clusterants in carbonless paper and latex insoluble in aliphatic and halogenated hydrocarbons. All four systems. grades have a glass transition temperature of 151-154 °C, • C omplex coacervates with gelatin to form the microcapsule independent of molecular weight, and form transparent, tack- wall in carbonless paper. free films. • Calcium encrustation inhibitors in laundry detergents. • A cid layers in diffusion transfer film to neutralize alkaline developers and dyes. • Intermediates in adhesive applications and liquid laundry detergent stabilizers. • I mide derivatives for anti-reflective layers on silicon wafers prior to photoresist coating and light exposure. • Gas fade inhibitors for Spandex* fibers. • Water retention aids in concrete. • Metal sequestrants. • Anionic polyacids.

* Trademark owned by a third party.

32 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers

Gantrez S copolymers Gantrez ES copolymers Poly(methylvinylether/maleic acid) copolymer Poly(methylvinylether/maleic acid) half esters copolymer

Applications Applications • Calcium encrustation inhibitors in laundry detergents. • Pigment dispersants in cosmetic formulations. • Dispersant aids. • pH-dependent soluble films (enteric coatings). • Aluminum surface conditioning. Chemistry • Diagnostic test strips. Ethyl, isopropyl and n-butyl half esters are produced by • Base-activated adhesives for peel-apart instant film. opening up the anhydride in alcohol. These polymers, based on Gantrez AN-119 copolymer, are sold as 50% solutions in ethanol Chemistry or isopropanol. They are water-soluble when neutralized Gantrez S95 and S97 copolymers have repeating co-maleic greater than 40% using either an organic or inorganic base. acid units produced by hydrolysis of Gantrez AN copolymer. Adhesive strength can be adjusted through controlling the The polycarboxylic acid derivatives with a pH of ~2 at 5% degree of neutralization. Films are flexible, clear and glossy concentration are available either as viscous solutions or white and have improved water resistance compared to Gantrez S powders. The vicinal dicarboxylic acid functionality of these copolymer. materials is useful in a number of applications. The free acid forms are water-soluble, giving clear and tacky films. Solution rheology can be modified by the addition of salts and bases. EasySperse™ polymeric dispersant range Polymethylvinylether/maleic acid -butyl ethyl ester, Gantrez MS copolymers sodium salt Poly(methylvinylether/maleic acid) mixed-salts copolymer

Applications • Bioadhesives. 88 • Inkjet coatings. Applications Chemistry • Dispersants for hydrophobic insectides, fungicides, Gantrez MS-955 copolymer is a mixed salt of sodium/calcium herbicides. and is supplied as a free-flowing powder. The copolymer is • Dispersants for hydrophobic organic compounds (fragrances, soluble in water and produces solutions with high viscosity. emollients, essential oils, etc.). Chemistry EasySperse dispersant is a copolymer of the monobutyl/ ethyl ester of poly (methyl vinyl ether/maleic acid) partially neutralized with sodium hydroxide. The material is supplied as a 25% aqueous solution and is an excellent film former.

Not available in EMEA

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 33 Performance polymers

Stabileze™ QM polymer I-Rez™ 160 copolymer Poly(methylvinylether/maleic anhydride decadiene) Isobutylene/maleic anhydride copolymer crosspolymer

Applications Stabileze rheology modifiers yield clear, aqueous gels that are shear-thinning and slightly thixotropic, having good shear, temperature and UV-A radiation stability. Stabileze crosspolymer is effective as a rheology modifier for: Physical Properties • Thickeners. Physical form Free-flowing white powder • Coatings and inks. Molecular weight 78,000-94,000 • Sealants. Tg 164 °C • Electroconductive gels. Chemistry • Deicing fluids. I-Rez 160 copolymer is a linear, alternating copolymer of • Pigment dispersants. isobutylene and maleic anhydride that forms transparent, tack- Chemistry free films and reacts with alcohols/amines to yield half esters/ amides. It is soluble in aprotic solvents and forms gels with Stabileze QM polymer is produced in a manner similar to ketones and esters. Water solubility can be controlled by degree that of Gantrez AN copolymer but with the added monomer ring hydrolysis and neutralization. It is insoluble in alcohol and decadiene present to yield a crosslinked, water-swellable aliphatic hydrocarbons. resin. The polymer is a white free-flowing powder with a glass transition temperature of approximately 150 °C. The solid can be dispersed in water without coagulating, and the anhydride function will hydrolyze directly or through the action of base. A neutralized 0.5% solution in water at pH 7 and 25 °C has a viscosity range of 45,000-70,000 cP.

Not available in EMEA

34 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers

Aquaflex™ FX-64 copolymer Aquaflex XL-30 copolymer Isobutylene/ethylmaleimide/hydroxyethylmaleimide Isobutylene/dimethylaminopropyl maleimide/ copolymer ethoxylatedmaleimide/maleic acid copolymer

Applications • Film formers. • Adhesive/cohesive properties. Applications Physical Properties • Film formers. Physical form Yellow viscous liquid • Flexible coatings with low coefficient of friction. Molecular weight 39,000 Tg 135 °C Physical Properties Physical form Straw-like hazy, viscous aqueous solution Chemistry Molecular weight 86,000 Aquaflex FX-64 copolymer is an imidized isobutylene/maleic anhydride copolymer that produces low-tack, glossy films Chemistry supplied as 40% hydroalcoholic solution. (Material is not listed on Aquaflex XL-30 copolymer is an isobutylene the US EPA TSCA inventory.) dimethylaminopropylmaleimide/ethoxylated maleimide/maleic anhydride copolymer that produces highly flexible, glossy and humidity-resistant films and forms clear gels with anionic rheology modifiers. (Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.)

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 35 Performance polymers

Acrylates Chemistry Methacrylic Acid/Ethylacrylate Copolymers Methacrylic acid/ethylacrylate copolymers act as thickeners. They are alkali-swellable (ASE) or hydrophobically modified alkali-swellable (HASE) polymers. They are generally used in aqueous, highly filled and surfactant systems. Methacrylic acid/ethylacrylate copolymers are supplied as aqueous emulsions at pH 2 to 3 with typical molecular weights Applications of 20,000 to 40,000. They are supplied with a range of cross- Product Area linking and hydrophobicity to optimize rheological properties • Low-quality matt paint and develop rheology by the swelling mechanism of the • Wood coatings addition of suitable alkali with optimum rheology development 1 JaypolAS100 • Spray applications between pH 6 to 12. • Adhesives/sealants • HI&I • Gloss paint Liquid Dispersion Polymers Jaypol AT1 • Semi-gloss paint Jaypol AL is a range of high molecular weight liquid dispersion • Semi-gloss paint • Screen printing inks polymers, which when added to water swell to give thickening. Jaypol AT21 • Flexographic printing inks and over lacquers The polymers are effective over a pH range of 4 to 12. They • HI&I are a one-shot additive that can be incorporated at any stage • Matt/emulsion paint of the formulation manufacturing process and can provide an • Adhesives Jaypol AT4 • Wood coatings opacifier effect. • Screen printing inks

• HI&I

1

Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory. pH HI&I HI&I Paint Active Textiles Textiles Product Textural Textural Sealants response solids (%) Adhesives/ Adhesives/

Physical Properties JaypolAL 60 Promoting texture, ~7 S P P S spreadability –

non-flow rheology Jaypol AL2 60 ~6 P P Secondary effect Type Product

solution) solution) tolerance Rheology Jaypol213 50 produces opacity ~4 P Temperature Temperature type 0.8% (at Salt tolerance Solution quality Active solids (%)

Clear water Pseudoplastic; P = Preferred Jaypol AS100 ASE 30 Moderate High white gel S = Standard Clear water Newtonian Jaypol AT1 HASE 30 High Moderate white flow Clear water Hybrid Jaypol AT2 HASE 30 High Low white rheology; flow Clear water Pseudoplastic; Jaypol AT4 HASE 30 High Low white drop flow/gel

36 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers

Ashland 980 carbomer pH effect Ashland™ 940 and 980 Carbomer on viscosity 0.5% polymer concentration Ashland 940 and 980 carbomers are cross-linked polymers 45000 of acrylic acid that are useful thickening, stabilizing and 40000 suspending agents used in a wide variety of applications. 35000 Typical uses are as a stabilizing polymer in oil-in-water 30000 emulsions, as a suspending agent in surfactant-rich systems, 25000 and as a thickening agent. They produce a dispersion when 20000 Viscosity Viscosity (mPa.s) added to water with a pH of ~3 and require neutralization with 15000 amine or inorganic hydroxide to activate. Ashland 940 and 980 10000 carbomers are odorless and form a crystal-clear gel in water. 5000 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 pH Typical Properties

Physical form White powder Rheology profile of Ashland 980 carbomer in aqueous solution Solids content (105 °C) 98.0 - 100% 80000 Brookfield viscosity 70000 (25 °C, 0.2% aqueous gel neutralized) 13,000 - 30,000 cP 60000 Brookfield viscosity 50000 (25 °C, 0.5% aqueous gel neutralized) 40,000 - 60,000 cP 40000

30000 Clarity, % transmission Viscosity (mPa.s) (neutralized solution at 0.5%, 420 nm) 85% 20000

10000

0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 Aqualon 980 carbomer concentration (%)

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 37 Performance polymers

RapiThix™ A-100 RheoThix™ 601 thickening agent Polymer Sodium polyacrylate RapiThix A-100 polymer is a free-flowing, fully active white powder sodium polyacrylate for rheology. RapiThix A-100 polymer is designed for use in cold mix processes and is easy to use, shear-tolerant, shear-thinning and effective at low use levels. Applications • No pre-set oil phase. • Adhesives. • Makes oil-free systems possible. • Caulking. • High solids content for higher efficiency. • Sealants. Applications Physical Properties • Mud viscosifier, shale swell inhibition and friction reducer in Physical form Off-white milky dispersion oilfield and civil engineering. % Active 57-59 • Anti-capping, erosion control, improved water filtration, hydro-seeding lubricants and water absorbents in Viscosity 500 - 2000 cP agriculture. Chemistry • Alternative rheology modifiers for extreme acid and alkali RheoThix 601 thickening agent is an anionic, pseudo-plastic formulations. thickening agent, emulsifying and stabilizing ingredient Physical Properties that improves performance. It can be incorporated into the water phase, into the oil phase and after the oil is emulsified Physical form Fine powder to provide uniform thickening without neutralization, pre- Solids content 85-95% swelling or pre-heating. The recommended use level is 0.2 - Viscosity (1% solution) 28,000-38,000 cP 2.5% based on solid content. pH (1% solution) 5.7-6.7 Homo- and Copolymers of Acrylamide Ashland acrylamide homo and copolymers are supplied in 80,000 a wide range of physical forms: solution, liquid dispersion,

s) 60,000 and (LDP), emulsion or powder grade. Anionic and cationic products (Rapifloc A and C series) are available along with the 40,000 nonionic powder Rapifloc N-1000. Polymers are offered in a iscosity (cP V 20,000 range of molecular weights, cross linking, charge densities and active contents to meet specific desired application 0 requirements. Control Glycerol (40%) Propylene Glycol Ethanol (20%) (40%)

38 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers

Rapifloc™ A1-MG Physical Properties Polymer Physical form Off-white granular solid

Rapifloc A-1 MG polymer is a high molecular weight anionic Particle size 99% < 2000 µm polyacrylamide supplied as a free-flowing granular powder. Bulk density Approx. 0.85 g/m3 It is completely soluble in water-producing solutions of high pH (0.5% solution, 25 oC) Approx. 6.0 viscosity. It is of very high anionic charge.

Benefits Viscosity - concentration graph • Cost-effective. Brooksfield viscometer @ 25oC 2500 • Completely water-soluble.

• Improved process efficiencies. 2000 Applications 1500 Rapifloc A-1 MG polymer has found application in a wide variety of mineral processing and civil engineering applications. 1000 It is essentially nitrogen-free, and its use in brine clarification Apparent viscosity Apparent viscosity (cP) does not give rise to the formation of nitrogen trichloride in 500 subsequent electrolysis.

Applications include: 0 0.0 0.25 0.5 • Alkaline leach uranium circuits. Concentration (%) • Civil engineering. • Brine clarification.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 39 Performance polymers

Bondwell™, Blanose™, Aqualon™ Physical Properties Carboxymethyl cellulose CMC Category DS Type Viscosity limits, mPa•s @ 25 °C Grade Type 7 9 12 Range Concentration Ultra Low 7UL 12UL 10 - 25 6% Extra Low 7EL 9EL 20 - 60 6% Low-Low 7L1 90 - 130 6% L Low- 7L2 150 - 250 6% Medium 7L3 400 - 750 6% Low-High 7L 25 - 50 2% CMC is a cellulose ether, produced by reacting alkali cellulose Medium- 7M1 50 - 100 2% with sodium monochloroacetate under controlled conditions. Low 7M2 9M2 100 - 200 2% It is an anionic water-soluble polymer. 7 M 300 - 600 2% M Medium 7M8 9M8 12M8 200 - 800 2%

Applications Medium- 7M31 9M31 12M31 1500 - 3100 2% High Product Types 7M65 9M65 3000 - 6500 2% Markets Applications or Functions High-Low 7H 1500 - 2500 1% Batteries / Lithium ion batteries Binder, film former, dispersion 7H4 9H4 2500 - 4500 1% Electronics carbon dispersant H High 7H5S 3500 - 5500 1% Civil Engineering, Rheology modifier, suspension Building agent, binder, extrusion aid, water High-High 7H9 4000 - 9000 1% and Construction flow blocking agent Commercial and It is a derivatized cellulose. These, in turn, are composed of Anti-redeposition aid, rheology Institutional Industrial cleaners controller two anhydroglucose units (ß-glucopyranose residues). In this - Light Industry structure, n is the number of anhydroglucose units (which Mining and Mineral processing, Selective flotation depressant, are joined through 1,4 glucosidic linkages), or the degree of Extraction mining pellet binder, mineral, dispersant polymerization, of cellulose. Adhesives and Adhesives and Suspension agent, thickener, film Sealants sealants former Each anhydroglucose unit in the polymer contains three Binder (plasticizer and green hydroxyl groups. By substituting carboxymethyl groups for Advanced strength), rheology modifier, Advanced ceramics Ceramics controlled water release, some of the hydrogens of these hydroxyls, as shown in the suspension agent figure, sodium carboxymethylcellulose is obtained. The average Binder, film former, green strength number of hydroxyl groups substituted per anhydroglucose Ceramics, Pottery Ceramic glazes, additive, rheology modifier, unit is known as the “degree of substitution,” or DS. For and Porcelain traditional ceramics suspension agent, thickener, water-retention agent example, DS Type “7” has a DS of 0.7. If all three hydroxyls are Binder, green strength enhancer, replaced, the maximum theoretical DS of 3.0 (impossible in Foundries and Refractories rebound or sumping reducer, Refractories practice) results. stabilization agent Housewares and Gel enhancer, rheology modifier, Freezer gel Consumer stabilization agent, thickener Film former, rheology modifier, Textiles Textiles sizing agent, thickener Reconstituted Tobacco tobacco, Binder, suspension agent leaf glue Rheology modifier, suspension Paper, paper coatings, Pulp and Paper and stabilization agent, thickener, pigment slurries water-retention enhancer

40 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers

Ambergum™ water-soluble polymers Ambergum water-soluble polymers are low molecular weight cellulose polymers supplied as either powder or aqueous solution. They provide viscosity control and wetting uniformity. In addition, the anionic versions of Ambergum water- soluble polymers show dispersion properties useful in many applications to stabilize particles.

Applications • L ithographic fountain solutions: Ambergum water-soluble polymers are a cost-effective alternative to gum arabic to provide clean viscosity control and unique rheology in gumming and fountain solutions. They function as wetting agents and can replace isopropyl alcohol in some systems. Ambergum water-soluble polymers are produced from reliable and stable raw material sources. When used in fountain solutions, they can help prevent emulsification and bleeding of the ink and can provide more uniform wetting of the printing plate. • Civil engineering: Ambergum 1221 water-soluble polymer provides rheology control and enhances fluid loss control when used with bentonite in tunneling and drilling applications.

Product Charge Physical Form % Active Ambergum 1221 Anionic Free-flowing powder 100% Ambergum 3021 Anionic Pale amber liquid 30% Pale yellow-green Ambergum 3085 Nonionic 40% liquid

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 41 Performance polymers

Natrosol™, Natrosol B, Natrosol Plus Applications Hydroxyethylcellulose and hydrophobically modified Markets Applications Product Types or Functions hydroxyethylcellulose External insulation and finishing systems (EIFS), Bond strengthener, lubricity and Building and joint compound, spray workability enhancer, rheology Construction textures, tile adhesives, modifier, stabilizer, suspension caulks and sealants, agent welding rods

Commercial Fiberglass, industrial Formation aid, rheology and cleaners controller, thickener Institutional

Wallpaper adhesives Thickening and lubricity Adhesives and Latex adhesives Thickening and water-binding Sealants Plywood adhesives Thickening and solids holdout Natrosol hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), a nonionic, water-soluble Advanced polymer, is a white, free-flowing granular powder. Solutions Advanced ceramics Suspension agent Ceramics of Natrosol HEC are pseudoplastic or shear-thinning. Natrosol HEC is easily dissolved in cold or hot water to give crystal-clear Ceramics, solutions of varying viscosities. Furthermore, low to medium Pottery and Traditional ceramics Suspension agent molecular weight types are fully soluble in glycerol and have Porcelain good solubility in hydro-alcoholic systems containing up to 60 Emulsion polymerization, percent ethanol. Natrosol HEC is generally insoluble in organic Paint and Protective colloid, surface activity, waterborne architectural Coatings rheology modifier solvents. coatings

Hydraulic cements Cement extender, filtration Energy / Civil cement slurries, control additive, rheology Engineering completion/workover modifier fluids

Emulsion and PVAC and acrylic latices, Protective colloid and surface Suspension PVC suspension, styrene activity, suspension olymerization Polymerization polymerization

Water-binding and rheology Coating, size press Paper control, water-binding and solids solutions holdout

Latex-back sizes Thickening Textiles Glass-fiber size Film-former Printing pastes Thickening and water-binding

Water-binding and extrusion aid Welding rods Water-binding and green Binders Ceramic glaze strength Foundry cores Water-binding

42 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers

Natrosol™ HEC, Natrosol B HEC (continued) Viscosity Specification of Natrosol (mPa•s) at 25 °C

Viscosity measured at a concentration of Brookfield LVF setting Molecular Weight2 B-types1 Non-B Non-R 1% 2% 5% Spindle RPM

HHBR HHR HH 3.400-5.000 – – 4 30 1.3 x 106

H4BR H4R H3 2.600-3.300 – – 3 30 1.1 x 106

HBR HR H 1.500-2.500 – – 3 30 1.0 x 106

MHBR MHR – 1.000-1.500 – – 3 30 –

MBR MR M – 4.500-6.500 – 4 60 7.2 x 105

– KR – – 1.500-2.500 – 3 30 –

– GR G – 250-450 – 2 60 3.0 x 105

– – E – 25-105 – 1 30 –

– JR – – – 250-400 2 60 –

– – J – – 150-400 2 60 –

– LR L – – 100-180 1 30 9.0x 104

1 B-biostable grade. 2 Molecular weight is estimated or calculated from intrinsic viscosity measurements.

Chemistry The Natrosol HEC polymer is a hydroxyethyl ether of cellulose. The structure of the cellulose molecule shows its chain composed of anhydroglucose units. By treating cellulose with sodium hydroxide and reacting with ethylene oxide, hydroxyethyl groups are introduced to yield a hydroxyethyl ether. B grades are more biostable with enhanced resistance to enzymatic degradation due to their substitution pattern. Grades treated to provide a powder that displays fast dispersion without lumping when added to water are designated by the letter R. This treatment does not alter the solution viscosity.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 43 Performance polymers

Natrosol™ Plus, Natrosol HE 3KB and Natrosol™ HE 10K Natrosol Plus, Natrosol HE 3KB and Natrosol HE 10K are nonionic water-soluble polymers, hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose (HMHEC). The hydrophobic modification consists of long-chain alkyl groups chemically bound to the polymer. The physical properties of unmodified HEC and HMHEC contribute increased solution viscosity and altered rheological properties.

Natrosol Plus HMHEC Physical Properties Physical form white to off-white powder Moisture, max 5% Ash, max1 10% Particle size, on U.S. 40, max 10% Viscosity, 1% in water2 Grade 330 150-750 cP Solution appearance clear Solution pH 6.0-8.5

Hydrophobically modified HEC builds viscosity through hydrogen bonding with water molecules (as with traditional cellulosics), chain entanglement and association of the hydrophobic groups. Aqueous solutions of Natrosol Plus, Natrosol HE 3KB and Natrosol HE 10K are highly pseudoplastic (shear-thinning), with Natrosol HE 10K most pseudoplastic as a result of association of the hydrophobes. This association breaks down under shear, and viscosity drops quickly. The amount of pseudoplasticity is greater for Natrosol Plus, Natrosol HE 3KB and Natrosol HE l0K than for Natrosol. Unlike aqueous solutions, aqueous latex systems thickened with Natrosol Plus, Natrosol HE 3KB and Natrosol HE 10K HMHEC have superior rheology and are less pseudoplastic than Natrosol HEC.

• Improved rheology. • Outstanding spatter resistance. • Viscosity stability of latex systems. • Biostability (similar to Natrosol B HEC). • Color acceptance and development.

1 Calculated as Na2S04. 2 Brookfield at 6 rpm.

44 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers

Admiral™, Liberty™ and Natrosol™

Fluidized polymer suspensions Product Cellulose Carrier MW Ashland offers a series of fluidized polymer suspensions (FPS) Admiral 1089 HEC water Low of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) and carboxymethylcellulose Admiral 3089 HEC water Medium (CMC) that are easily dispersed and dissolved in cold or hot Admiral 3171 HEC water Medium water to produce solutions of varying viscosities. Ashland Admiral 3966 HEC water Medium FPS formulations vary in active content from 15 to 45% and Admiral 5151 HEC water Medium are environmentally friendly. Hydroxyethylcellulose and Admiral MO1030 CMC water High carboxymethylcellulose FPS suspensions are used as fluid Aqualon AQU D-3334 HEC water High rheology modifiers, fluid loss reducers, suspending agents Natrosol MBR FPS HEC water Medium or lubricants, particularly in applications where powdered Ecodura FLA 3962 HEC water Low products cannot be handled. Ecodura TA 4283 HEC water High Ecodura TA 4451 HEC water Low Benefits Ecodura TA 4641 HEC water Medium • Easy to handle and meter. Liberty 3794 CMC oil Medium • Low viscosity, pumpable. Liberty 4969 CMC oil High Natrosol 250 MHB FPS HEC water Medium • Quick and complete dissolution. Natrosol FPS MH HEC water Medium • Eliminates filtration problems. Natrosol FPS-H48 HEC water High • Addition of higher MW polymers. Natrosol FPS-HB HEC water High Natrosol FPS-LO MHR HEC water Medium Applications Natrosol Liquid HHRP FPS HEC oil • Drilling muds. • Civil engineering. Natrosol Liquid MR HEC oil • Paper coatings. • Cement slurries. Natrosol Plus 330 FPS HEC water Primaflo™ MP3295A CS HPMC water Medium • Completion/workover fluids. • Spacers/flushers. S C-50™ CMC oil High • Gravel packing. • Cuttings injection. Xxtradura™ GMH 4176 HEC water High

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 45 Performance polymers

Culminal™, Benecel™, Combizell™ Methylcellulose and its derivatives

Chemistry Methylcellulose and its derivatives are made under rigidly controlled conditions by reacting alkali-cellulose with methyl chloride, resulting in methylcellulose (MC), ethylene oxide, resulting in methylhydroxyethylcellulose (MHEC), or propylene oxide, resulting in methylhydroxypropylcellulose (MHPC).

46 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers

Methylcellulose Physical Properties • Active content on Application Properties / Features dry basis min 98% • Cold water solubility • Moisture content Culminal MC Benecel MC • Quality of solution max 8% max 5% – Higher substitution leads to clearer solutions • Sodium chloride • Solubility in organic solvents (special substitution) content Culminal MC Benecel MC max 1.5% max 0.8% • Water retention • Bulk density Culminal MC Benecel MC – Higher viscosities have better water binding properties 200-550 g/l 200-600 g/l • Rheology control/thickening/stabilizing effect • Thermogelling • Coarse max. 1% on 0.8 mm & 55-90% on – Higher methoxyl substitution leads to a lower 0.2 mm/ LaserDv50: 250 min.-450 max. thermogelling temperature • P1-Type 3 -10% on 0.2 mm / LaserDv90: – Higher methoxyl substitution causes a higher thermogel 255 min.-330 max. strength • P-Type 1-8% on 0.2 mm / LaserDv90: • Binding 255 min.-330 max. • Protective colloid/suspension/emulsion effect • PF-Type max. 8% on 0.125 mm / LaserDv90: • Adhesive power 170 min.-250 max. – Lower viscosities giver better adhesion than higher • PFF-Type max. 40% on 0.063 mm / LaserDv90: viscosities 170 min.-250 max. – Lower substitution level types give more adhesion • R retarded dissolving version for easy solution make-up. • Film formation • Controlled release properties

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 47 Performance polymers

Culminal™, Benecel™ Culminal™, Benecel™ Methylcellulose Methylhydroxypropylcellulose (MHPC)

• D esigned for use as water retention aids, thickening and • Designed for use as adhesives, binders, extrusion aids, film-forming agents, protective colloids, and suspending and plasticizers, protective colloids, rheology modifiers, emulsifying agents. stabilization agents, thickeners and water-retention agents. • Thermogelling properties (temperature lower than MHPC • Thermogelling properties depending on the substitution and MHEC). pattern. Physical Properties Physical Properties

Spec Average Viscosity OCH3 Spec Average POOH Type Brookfield RVT (mPa•s) 20% <=> 30% Viscosity OCH3 2% Type Benecel A15C 1600 high Brookfield RVT 20% <=> 30% <=> (mPa•s) @ 20 oC 12% Benecel A4C 450 high Culminal MHPC 400 R 450 high low Benecel A4M 4000 high Culminal MHPC 500 PF 500 high low Culminal MC 2000 S 2500 very high Benecel K4M 4000 low high Culminal MC3000 P 4000 high Culminal MHPC 3000 P1R 4000 high low Benecel E4M 4100 high high Benecel E10M 6700 high high Gelcurve of different cellulose ethers (4% solutions). Rheometer Bohlin CS 50 Benecel K15M 10,000 low high 10k Culminal MHPC 20000 S 15,000 very high low

Gelcurve of different cellulose ethers (4% solutions). Culminal MHPC 724 18,500 high medium Rheometer Bohlin CS 50 1k Benecel K35M 19,000 low high 10k Culminal MHPC 20000 P 24,000 high low Culminal MHPC 20000 R 24,000 high low G*(Pa)

BenecelBenecel Gel K100M Temp Visco* 2% 30,000 low high (oC) (mPas) A4CBenecel2 K200M 54 400 60,000 low high 1k 10 E4M C 64 3600 A4M2 58 3600 K35M 81 35.000

1 Brookfield RV 20 oC/20 rpm, 2% solution. 1 2 European Pharmacopoeia. 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 Temperature (oC) G*(Pa)

Benecel Gel Temp Visco* 2% (oC) (mPas) A4C2 54 400 10 E4M C 64 3600 A4M2 58 3600 K35M 81 35.000

1 Brookfield RV 20 oC/20 rpm, 2% solution. 1 2 European Pharmacopoeia. 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 Temperature (oC) 48 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers

Culminal™/Combizell™ Spec Average Viscosity OCH3 EOOH Type Methylhydroxyethylcellulose (MHEC) Brookfield RVT 20% <=> 30% 1% <=> 10% (mPa•s) @20 oC Culminal MHEC 45,000 low high 40000PF Culminal MHEC 70,000 low high 70000PF Culminal Plus 1030PF1 6000 high high Culminal Plus 1060PF1 7000 high high Culminal Plus 2060PF1 18,000 high high

1 Modified MHEC.

• Designed for use as adhesives, binders, extrusion aids, plasticizers, protective colloids, rheology modifiers, stabilization agents, thickeners and water-retention agents. Adhesives Adhesive, binder, film former • Thermogelling properties depending on the substitution pattern (higher than MHPCs). AgChem Rheology modifier, stabilization agent, Physical Properties film former Spec Average Emulsions Rheology modifier, stabilization agent Viscosity OCH3 EOOH Type Brookfield RVT 20% <=> 30% 1% <=> 10% (mPa•s) @ 20 oC Ceramics Extrusion aid, binder, rheology modifier, stabilization agent Benecel™ ME 233 P 4700 low low Combizell DE 6000 R 7000 high low Metal Processing Rheology modifier, stabilization agent Culminal MHEC 4000 high high 3000 PFSM Mineral Slurries Rheology modifier, stabilization agent Culminal MHEC 7000 low high 6000 PFS Mining Rheology modifier, stabilization agent Culminal MHEC 7000 high low 6000 PR Paint Removers Rheology controller, thickener, Culminal MHEC 8000 10,000 low high film former Culminal MHEC 20,000 low high 15000 PFF Paper Coatings Rheology modifier, stabilization agent, Culminal MHEC 20,000 low high 15000 PFR film former Culminal MHEC 20,000 low high 15000 PFS Pulp & Paper Rheology modifier, stabilization agent Combizell DE 30,000 low high 25000 P 0 5 R Suspension Protective colloid, rheology Culminal MHEC Polymerization modifier, stabilization agent 30,000 low high 25000 PFF Culminal MHEC 35000 Tile Adhesives Open time, tensile strength, settling 40,000 low high P1R time, sag, flexibility Culminal C4053 45,000 high high Tobacco Adhesive, binder, rheology modifier, stabilization agent

1 Modified MHEC

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 49 Performance polymers

Klucel™ HPC Chemistry Hydroxypropylcellulose Hydroxypropylcellulose is manufactured by reacting alkali cellulose with propylene oxide at elevated temperatures and pressures. The propylene oxide can be substituted on the cellulose through an ether linkage at the three reactive hydroxyls present on each anhydroglucose monomer unit of the cellulose chain. Published information suggests that etherification takes place in such a way that hydroxypropyl substituent groups contain almost entirely secondary hydroxyls. The secondary hydroxyl present in a side chain is available for further reaction with the oxide, and chaining out may take place. This results in formation of side chains containing more than one mole of combined propylene oxide. Klucel hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is a nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether with a unique combination of properties, soluble in cold water and polar organic solvents, surface active, forms A. Clear and Smooth films of exceptional flexibility without addition of plasticizers Acetic acid (glacial) Isopropyl alcohol (95%) and is a thermoplastic polymer that can be extruded or Acetone: water (9:1) Methanol injection molded. Benzene: methanol (1:1) Methyl Cellosolve™ Cellosolve™ Methylene chloride: methanol (9:1) Applications Chloroform Morpholine Cyclohexanone M-Pyrol™ Markets Applications Dimethyl formamide Propylene glycol Lithography – alcohol replacement Printing & Inks Water & solvent inks – thickener Dimethyl sulfoxide Pyridine Suspension Polymerization PVC secondary protective colloid, controls porosity Dioxane t-Butanol: water (9:1) Formation of intricate parts, binder for filler or active Ethyl alcohol Tetrahydrofuran Injection Molding material Ethylene chlorohydrin Toluene: ethanol (3:2) Ceramics Processing aid, water retention, green body strength Formic acid (88%) Water Binder, film former, processing aid for reconstituted Glycerin: water (3:7) Tobacco tobacco B. Moderately Granular and/or Hazy Thickener, retard solvent loss, cling on vertical Paint Removers surface Acetone Methyl acetate Adhesives Solvent-based systems or hot melts Butyl acetate Methyl ethyl ketone Encapsulation Stabilizer, wall-forming polymer Butyl Cellosolve™ Methylene chloride Cyclohexanol Naphtha: ethanol (1:1) Physical Properties Isopropyl alcohol (99%) Tertiary butanol Lactic acid Xylene: isopropyl alcohol (1:3) Concentration in Water C. Insoluble Brookfield Viscosity (25 °C, LVF, Moisture Free) Aliphatic hydrocarbons Methyl chloroform 1 wt% 2 wt% 5 wt% 10 wt% Mw Benzene Mineral oils Grade Carbon tetrachloride Soybean oil H 1,275 - 3,500 - - - 1,150,000 Dichlorobenzene Toluene M - 3500 - 7500 - - 850,000 Kerosene Gasoline G - 125 - 400 - - 370,000 Trichloroethylene Glycerin J - - 125 - 450 - 140,000 Xylene Linseed oil L - - 65 - 175 - 95,000 Solvents were tested using G viscosity types at 2% solids concentration by weight. All ratios indicated in this table are on a by-weight basis. E - - - 250 - 800 80,000

50 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers

Aqualon™ EC Physical Properties Ethylcellulose Ethoxyl Grade2 and Ethoxyl Percent Viscosity1 Types N-Grade T-Grade X-Grade Designation Limits (cps) 48.0-49.5% 49.6-51.5% 50.5-53.8% 4 3.0-5.5  — — 7 5.6-8.0  — — 10 8.0-11   — 14 12-16  — — 22 18-24  — 3 50 40-52   — 100 80-105   — Aqualon ethylcellulose (EC) is a cellulose ether distinguished by its versatility. As a unique product with wide-ranging solvent 200 150-250   solubility and film flexibility at low temperatures, ethylcellulose 300 250-350   — is frequently used in electronics in addition to a variety of other 1  5% solution at 25 °C. Viscosity is determined in 80:20 toluene:ethanol applications. EC provides high solution clarity, good thermal by weight on oven-dried EC sample. 2 Types produced are designated X. stability and even burnout and has very low decomposition 3 Viscosity is 18-35 cP. temperatures. Chemistry Aqualon EC is a key binder for gravure printing inks as well as Ethylcellulose is a cellulose ether made by the reaction of ethyl a thickening binder in flexographic and screen printing inks. chloride with alkali cellulose, as expressed by the reaction In these applications, Aqualon EC polymers provide scuff RONa + C H CI ROC H + NaCI, where R represents the cellulose resistance, adhesion, fast solvent release, film formation and 2 5 2 5 moiety. The structure for the cellulose molecule is a chain of β outstanding rheology control. anhydroglucose units joined together by acetal linkages. This Aqualon EC is soluble in a wide range of organic solvents, but is is indicated in the figure above. These long, oxygen-linked not water-soluble. anhydroglucose-unit chains have great strength, which is passed on to cellulose derivatives such as ethylcellulose. The Applications properties of flexibility and toughness in these derivatives are directly attributable to this long-chain structure. The Markets Applications Product Types or commercial product has a substitution value between 2.25 Functions and 2.60 ethoxyl groups per anhydroglucose unit, or 44-52% Binder, film former, Solar cells ethoxyl content. Electronics rheology modifier, Plasma display panels thickener Ethoxyl, % 45.5 46.5 47.5 48.5 49.5 Binder, film former, Packaging, Converting Inks rheology modifier, Benzene and Printing thickener Toluene Specialty, glass Coatings Thickener, film former conductive Xylene Solvent-based adhesives, Rheology modifier, 80:20 Toluene/ Adhesives hot melts adhesion, flexibility Alcohol Ehtyl Acetate Rheology modifier, Pigments Solvent-based slurries binder, colloid Butyl Acetate Rheology modifier, Wood Finishing Lacquers, varnishes hardness, low-water pick- Acetone ups, low ash Methanol Plastics Thermoplastics Handling, toughness Ethanol Pharmaceutical Tablets Binder release, control N-Butanol Solvent-based Inks, Film former, rheology Inks printed circuit boards binder Ethylene Dichloride Methylene Chloride

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 51 Performance polymers Specialty chemicals

Galactasol™ derivatized guar Escalol™ UV filters Ashland offers a number of UV absorbers for industrial D-galactopyranose applications under the Escalol trademark. The three octyl- esters, Escalol 557, 587 and 597 are high-boiling, water-insoluble liquids and have strong and broad absorption in the UV-B region between 290-320 nm and refractive indices in the range of 1.50-1.55. The benzophenone derivatives Escalol 567 and 577 UV are solids also having absorbance in the UV-B region.

D-mannopyranose Physical Properties

Boiling or Melting Grade Chemical Name Ashland’s derivatizes guar to offer nonionic hydroxypropyl guar Point as well as anionic and cationic guars. They are not affected 507 2-Ethylhexyl-p-dimethylaminobenzoate Bp 362 °C by ionic strength or pH, but will degrade at pH extremes 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-ter-butylphenyl) 517 Mp 81-86 °C at temperature (e.g., pH 3 at 50 °C). They remain stable in propan-1,3-dione solution over pH range 5-7. Strong acids cause hydrolysis and 557 2-Ethylhexyl-p methoxycinnamate Bp 198-200 °C loss of viscosity, and alkalis in strong concentration also tend 567 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone Mp 62 °C min. to reduce viscosity. They are insoluble in most hydrocarbon 5-Benzoyl-4-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzene 577 Mp >120 °C solvents. Derivatized guar shows high low-shear viscosity but sulfonic acid is strongly shear-thinning. They are very thixotropic above 1% 587 2-Ethylhexyl salicylate Bp 150 °C @ 3 mm Hg concentration, but below 0.3%, the thixotropy is slight. 598 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3- diphenylacrylate Bp 218 °C @ 1.5 mm Hg Applications HMS Homosalate 2,2-[6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine- S1 Mp 80 °C Textile Used in printing and dyeing 2,4-diyl] bis {5-[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]phenol} carpets. 1 Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory. Paper Used in the manufacturing of white and cardboard paper for dry strength fiber retention and improving drainage and yields.

Fire Fighting U sed as a viscosifier in fire-retardant solutions dropped from airplanes to control the spread of forest fires.

Explosives Used as a water-blocking agent.

Mining Used in electrowinning (copper purification) and froth flotation.

AgChem Used for hydromulching, hydroseeding and drift control.

Chemistry Guar gum is a polysaccharide composed of the sugars galactose and mannose. The backbone is a linear chain of β 1,4-linked mannose residues to which galactose residues are 1,6-linked at every second mannose, forming short side- branches.

Not available in EMEA

52 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Specialty chemicals

Micropowder™ Iron Iron Pentacarbonyl (IPC)

Carbonyl iron powders (CIP) Fe(CO)5

Applications Applications Carbonyl iron powder is manufactured by the chemical Iron pentacarbonyl is an intermediate that has found utility in decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl. The resulting iron a variety of applications. In the past, it has been used as a fuel particles are uniform gray microscopic spheres with only traces antiknock agent, a photochemical additive and an intermediate of carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Over 25 different grades of iron for many iron products. The most important current powder are manufactured through this process and marketed applications are: under the trade name Micropowder. Specific applications include: • C atalyst for coal liquefaction, Fischer-Tropsch hydroformylation, olefin isomerization and water gas shift • Radar absorbing materials (RAM). reactions. • Precision electronic cores. • P recursor for chemically pure iron, iron oxides, iron catalysts • Electromagnetic interference shielding products (EMI/RF). and thin iron films. • Metal injection molding (MIM). • Desulfurization removal of sulfur from coal and petroleum products. • High-performance powder metallurgy products. • Magnetic fluids. Physical Properties • Halogen solvent waste remediation. Boiling point 103 °C • Pharmaceutical iron supplement Ferronyl iron. Melting point -20 °C Specific gravity 1.453 Physical Properties The fine size and high purity of the carbonyl iron powders are Chemistry the principal reasons for their superior properties compared to Iron pentacarbonyl is a specialty chemical that is produced other forms of elemental iron powders. Distinct characteristics as an intermediate during the manufacture of carbonyl iron of the Micropowder Iron products include: powders. It is produced from a high-pressure reaction between high-grade iron and carbon monoxide. This organometallic • Very fine spherical size. compound exists as a liquid at room temperature. It may ignite • Submicron to 10 micron particle diameter. spontaneously in air and is decomposed by heat to metallic iron • High purity with up to 99.5% iron content. and carbon monoxide. In air it decomposes to iron oxides and in sunlight to iron nonacarbonyl. While Fe(CO)5 is highly reactive, it • Unique onionskin structure with cubic crystalline lattice. is stable in dark storage under nitrogen. It is soluble in common • Superior electromagnetic properties. organic solvents such as acetone or toluene and insoluble in • Uniform particle size distribution. water or liquid ammonia. It is unreactive with most acids.

Chemistry Not available in EMEA In terms of fundamental properties, there are two product families, the “S” grades and “R” grades. The S grades are standard iron grades with a purity level of approximately 97.5%. The impurity is comprised of carbon, oxygen and nitrogen and is the cause of the iron particle’s unique onionskin structure. R grades are higher purity iron grades with an average purity of 99.5%. Through a hydrogen reduction process, most of the residual carbon and nitrogen have been removed from the iron particle, producing a higher purity iron grade that is lower in durometer hardness and lacking the unique onionskin structure.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 53 Specialty chemicals

Carbonyl Iron Grades

Properties Applications Carbonyl Iron Average Powder Aerospace & Grades Diameter % Iron Additive Electronics Metallurgy Defense (Microns) S-1000 7 – 9 >97 No Silica X S-1100 4 – 6 >97 No Silica X S-1281 4 – 6 >97 Silica S-1640 3 – 5 >97 No Silica X S-1641 3 – 5 >97 Silica X S-1651 3 – 5 >97 Silica X S-2101 2 – 4 >97 Silica X S-2701 2 – 4 >97 Silica X S-3000 1 – 3 >98 No Silica X S-3001 1 – 3 >97 Silica X S-3700 1 – 3 >97 No Silica X S-5000 6 – 7 >97 No Silica X S-5641 3 .4 – 5.0 >97 Silica X R-1470 5 – 8 >99.5 No Silica X R-1480 7 – 9 >99.5 No Silica X R-1511 4 – 6 >98.5 Silica X R-1521 4 – 6 >98.5 Silica X R-2410 4 – 7 >99.5 No Silica X R-2430 4 – 6 >99.5 No Silica X MIL-E 3.3 – 5.7 >97 Silica X

NOTE: These properties represent typical numbers but are not considered sales specifications. Contact Ashland for technical information on other grades.

54 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Specialty chemicals

Drewplus™/Advantage™ defoamers Ashland’s foam control agents are economical to use and versatile. They have been developed for use in a variety of water-based industrial applications to provide superior antifoam performance activity and compatibility. They are readily dispersible, provide excellent long-term foam control persistency, are highly effective on entrained, surface macro-foam and micro-foam, and offered in a wide range of chemistries (silica, silicone, organophically modified silicones, mineral oil, wax, etc.).

Base Drewplus/Advantage™ Description Applications Carrier reference L-475 Silica/mineral oil Graphic art, pigment dispersion, oil well cementing L-477K Silica/mineral oil Kosher printing ink Y-381 Wax/mineral oil Inks and latex systems L-464 Silica/wax/mineral oil Inks and latex systems AM-1512 Hydrophobic silica in mineral oil (9% active) PSA adhesives, oil well cementing, fracturing TW-4503 Silica/wax/mineral oil Fracturing S-PVC, acrylic emulsions, industrial inks T-1201 Silica in mineral oil + compatibilizer Adhesives, PSA, SBR, acrylic emulsions T-1202 Silica in mineral oil + compatibilizer EP, adhesives, SBR, PVP, PVA, acrylic L-140 Silica in mineral oil + compatibilizer EPA, adhesives, inks, industrial coatings T-2200 Silica in mineral oil + compatibilizer EC, EP, emulsions T-3200 Silica in mineral oil + compatibilizer EP, adhesives, IC Silica in mineral oil + compatibilizer and fatty acid T-3211 Adhesives, PSA (different grade of MO) T-4200 Silica in mineral oil + compatibilizer Adhesives, EP, emulsions, SBR, PVA L-108 Silica in mineral oil + compatibilizer S-PVC, pressure sensitive adhesives, acrylic emulsions T-4201 Silica in mineral oil + compatibilizer S-PVC, EP emulsions

Mineral Oil-based Technology Oil-based Mineral T-4202 Silica in mineral oil + compatibilizer and fatty acid Emulsions, EP Y-250 Silica in mineral oil + compatibilizer Natural and synthetic, adhesives, cutting oils (metal working) T-4303 Silica in mineral oil + compatibilizer and fatty acid EP, coatings, inks, adhesives (PSA), polyvinyl acetate systems L-493 Silica in mineral oil + compatibilizer Industrial inks 210-951 Silica in mineral oil + compatibilizer Industrial inks (smokeless L-493) L-1311E Oil-based extended Coating inks, adhesives, can be used in high-gloss systems L-131 Silica in mineral oil + compatibilizer Pressure sensitive adhesives, PVA emulsions, acrylic emulsions L-198 Silica in mineral oil + compatibilizer Acrylic emulsions, PSA adhesives L-768 Silicone/silica + compatibilizer Metal working fluids T-4507 Silica/mineral oil (aggressive version) Adhesives and coatings, acrylic PVA SBR Aggressive silica/mineral oil (self-emulsifying – T-4304 Adhesives and coatings, acrylic PVA SBR, easy to incorporate spreads quickly throughout coatings) Aggressive silica/mineral oil (self-emulsifying – T-4304WI Adhesives and coatings, acrylic PVA SBR, easy to incorporate spreads quickly throughout coatings) TS-4400 Silica/silicone/mineral oil Industrial process, paints, wastewater

Technology Wax/mineral oil (aggressive) + compatibilizer – All in one defoamer for let down and grind in, paints, industrial process W-4300 patented formulation – replaces MO and silicone and wastewater technologies Boosted Mineral Oil-based Oil-based Mineral Boosted W-4502 Aggressive wax in mineral oil Paint, ink, adhesives

AV-1425 Hydrophobic silica in vegetable oil Industrial coatings, metal working fluids, adhesives Oil-based Oil-based Vegetable Vegetable Technology

Bold = Not available in EMEA Performance Specialties Reference Guide 55 Specialty chemicals

Base Drewplus/Advantage Description Applications Carrier reference Graphic art: pigment dispersion L-418 Silicone/silica + compatibilizer Gravure art: screen printing inks Silicone/silica + compatibilizer (excellent grind/ Graphic art: pigment dispersion L-419 pigment dispersion FCA) Gravure art: screen printing inks L-405 Silicone/silicone copolymer Gravure art: flexographic inks, high-gloss alkyds, epoxy systems Gravure art: flexographic inks, high-gloss alkyds, epoxy systems, L-405 LV Low-VOC version of L-405 pigment dispersion Gravure art: screen printing inks, anticorrosive primers wood and TS-4385 Silca/silicone/silicone copolymer (work horse) reducible alkyd, pigment dispersion based Technology based Graphic art: pigment dispersion TS-4387 Silica/organo/silicone copolymer Gravure art: flexographic inks, screen printing inks

Traditional Silicones (Straight PDMS) PDMS) (Straight Silicones Traditional Graphic art: pigment dispersion TS-5541 Silica/silicone Gravure art: flexographic Inks, screen printing inks, pigment dispersions

S-4288 Polysiloxane emulsion High-gloss paints, inks S-4287 Polysiloxane emulsion High-gloss paints, inks Graphic art: pigment dispersion S-4386 Polysiloxane emulsion Gravure art: flexographic inks 210-796 Polysiloxanes Pigment dispersion, ink overprint varnish Technology 210-852 Silica polysiloxane Pigment dispersion, ink overprint varnish, pigment paste Quick Bubble Break Bubble Quick

(OM Polysiloxane) based Polysiloxane) (OM S-4273 Polysiloxane emulsion Gravure art: flexographic inks, pigment dispersion Graphic art: pigment dispersion, TS-4481 Hydrophobic silica/polysiloxane Gravure art: flexographic inks, screen printing inks, wood coatings Overprint varnish, pigmented inks, gravure, flexographic and screen inks, S-4374 Silica/polysiloxane emulsion wood coatings Graphic art: pigment dispersion S-4480 Polysiloxane + silica Gravure art: flexographic inks, screen printing inks Oil well cementing, fracturing, wood coatings Graphic art: pigment, dispersion 210-862 Polysiloxane + silica Gravure art: flexographic Inks, screen printing inks Dissolution Technology Oil well cementing, fracturing, wood coatings 210-886 Polysiloxane emulsion Inks, flexo/screen printing, pigment dispersion

Silipur™ RE29H Free-flowing white powder Oil well cementing, civil engineering, grout, mortar, cement

Powder RE 5500 Free-flowing white powder Defoamers

56 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Specialty chemicals pHLEX™ Physical Properties Neutralizing additive Viscosity Specific Physical pH (1.0 wt Product (cPs or gravity Form % solution) pHLEX neutralizing additive is a proprietary organoamine mPa•s) @ 25 °C Clear to light- blend that raises pH and provides buffering effects to pHLEX 100 ~15 1.052 11-11.5 waterborne paints and coatings. It is designed as a functional yellow liquid Clear to light- drop-in replacement that is an economic alternative to other pHLEX 110 ~15 1.055 11-11.5 yellow liquid common amine-based neutralizers, but also offers a low-odor Clear to light- pHLEX 400 ~15 1.052 11-11.5 stabilizing alternative to ammonia, NaOH and other common yellow liquid bases. Clear to light- pHLEX 410 ~15 1.055 11-11.5 yellow liquid pHLEX neutralizing additive also offers reduced VOC compared to other organoamine neutralizers and lower odor levels for Red = Only available in EMEA in-plant handling benefits. Bold = Not available in EMEA Benefits • E ffective pH neutralizer. • P rovides pH stability over time. • Inhibits in-can corrosion. • He lps prevent flash rusting. • Lower odor for handling and manufacturing. • C an reduce odor of waterborne paints. • C an reduce demand of anionic dispersant.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 57 Performance Specialties Charts The following tables are cross-references of the products cited throughout the text and their uses in a wide variety of industrial applications and their fundamental functional properties. Surfactants, solvents and intermediates, vinyl monomers

The following table is a cross-reference of the products cited throughout the text and their uses in a wide variety of industrial applications.

Surfactants, Solvents and Intermediates Vinyl Monomers V-Pyrol™ V-Pyrol™ Dextrol™ Strodex™ surfactants surfactants Surfadone™ Surfadone™ caprolactam V-Cap™ vinyl vinyl V-Cap™ Easy-Wet™ 20 wetting agent wetting agents phosphate ester phosphate ester vinylpyrrolidone

Adhesives n n n n n

Advanced Ceramics

Batteries

Cables

Ceramics

Civil Engineering

Electronics n n

Emulsions n n

Explosives

Inks & Printing n n n n n n

Membranes

Metal Processing n n n n

Mineral Slurries n n

Mining

Paint Removers

Paper Coatings

Plastics n

Pulp & Paper

Refinery Additives n n

Rubber

Specialty Coatings n n n n n Suspension n Polymerization Textiles & Leather

Tissues & Towels

Tobacco

Weldings

Woodcare

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 59 Performance polymers

The following table is a cross-reference of the products cited throughout the text and their uses in a wide variety of industrial applications.

Performance Polymers Performance Polymers

polymer cellulose cellulose Polyclar™ Polyclar™ polymers modifiers Natrosol™ Natrosol™ derivatives derivatives copolymers PVP polymersPVP PVP/VA polymers PVP/VA Jaypol™ acrylates dispersant ranges Rapifloc™ acrylates Rapifloc™ RapiThix™ polymer RapiThix™ Sorez™ copolymers Sorez™ Gafquat™ polymers Gafquat™ AquaVIS™ polymers AquaVIS™ Polectron™/Antara™ Gantrez™ and I-Rez™ and Gantrez™ Aquaflow™ rheology Aquaflow™ Styleze™ copolymers Styleze™ Setleze™ copolymers Setleze™ Aquaflex™ copolymer Aquaflex™ Bondwell™, Blanose™, Blanose™, Bondwell™, hydroxyethylcellulose Klucel™ hydroxypropyl EasySperse™ polymeric polymeric EasySperse™ Disintex™ disintegrants Disintex™ Polyclar™ crospovidone Polyclar™ UltraThix™ crosspolymer UltraThix™ Aqualon™ ethyl cellulose ethyl Aqualon™ Aqualon™ carboxymethyl Aqualon™ polyvinylpolypyrrolidone Benecel™ methylcellulose methylcellulose Benecel™ Culminal™ methylcellulose Culminal™ Gaffix™/Copolymer VC-713 VC-713 Gaffix™/Copolymer Ganex™/Antaron™ polymers Ganex™/Antaron™ RheoThix™ thickening agent thickening RheoThix™ Galactasol™ derivatized guar

Adhesives n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

Advanced Ceramics n n n

Batteries n n

Cables n

Ceramics n n

Civil Engineering n n n

Electronics n n n n n n

Emulsions n n n

Explosives n n

Inks & Printing n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

Membranes n n n n

Metal Processing n n n n n n

Mineral Slurries n n

Mining n n n n

Paint Removers n n

Paper Coatings n n n n

Plastics n n

Pulp & Paper n

Refinery Additives

Rubber

Specialty Coatings n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n Suspension n n n Polymerization Textiles & Leather n

Tissues & Towels n

Tobacco n

Weldings n

Woodcare

60 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance Polymers Performance Polymers

polymer cellulose cellulose Polyclar™ Polyclar™ polymers modifiers Natrosol™ Natrosol™ derivatives derivatives copolymers PVP polymersPVP PVP/VA polymers PVP/VA Jaypol™ acrylates dispersant ranges Rapifloc™ acrylates Rapifloc™ RapiThix™ polymer RapiThix™ Sorez™ copolymers Sorez™ Gafquat™ polymers Gafquat™ AquaVIS™ polymers AquaVIS™ Polectron™/Antara™ Gantrez™ and I-Rez™ and Gantrez™ Aquaflow™ rheology Aquaflow™ Styleze™ copolymers Styleze™ Setleze™ copolymers Setleze™ Aquaflex™ copolymer Aquaflex™ Bondwell™, Blanose™, Blanose™, Bondwell™, hydroxyethylcellulose Klucel™ hydroxypropyl EasySperse™ polymeric polymeric EasySperse™ Disintex™ disintegrants Disintex™ Polyclar™ crospovidone Polyclar™ UltraThix™ crosspolymer UltraThix™ Aqualon™ ethyl cellulose ethyl Aqualon™ Aqualon™ carboxymethyl Aqualon™ polyvinylpolypyrrolidone Benecel™ methylcellulose methylcellulose Benecel™ Culminal™ methylcellulose Culminal™ Gaffix™/Copolymer VC-713 VC-713 Gaffix™/Copolymer Ganex™/Antaron™ polymers Ganex™/Antaron™ RheoThix™ thickening agent thickening RheoThix™ Galactasol™ derivatized guar

Adhesives n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

Advanced Ceramics n n n

Batteries n n

Cables n

Ceramics n n

Civil Engineering n n n

Electronics n n n n n n

Emulsions n n n

Explosives n n

Inks & Printing n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

Membranes n n n n

Metal Processing n n n n n n

Mineral Slurries n n

Mining n n n n

Paint Removers n n

Paper Coatings n n n n

Plastics n n

Pulp & Paper n

Refinery Additives

Rubber

Specialty Coatings n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n Suspension n n n Polymerization Textiles & Leather n

Tissues & Towels n

Tobacco n

Weldings n

Woodcare

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 61 Specialty chemicals

The following table is a cross-reference of the products cited throughout the text and their uses in a wide variety of industrial applications.

Iron Iron agents pHLEX™ pHLEX™ Escalol™ Escalol™ UV filters Cerasynt™ Ceraphyl™ Ceraphyl™ defoamers emulsifiers emulsifiers Drewplus™/ neutralizing Advantage™ Advantage™ Pentacarbonyl Micropowder™ Micropowder™

Adhesives n

Advanced Ceramics

AgChem n

Batteries

Cables

Ceramics

Civil Engineering

Electronics

Emulsions n

Explosives

Inks & Printing n n n n

Membranes

Metal Processing n n n n

Mineral Slurries

Mining

Paint Removers

Paper Coatings n

Plastics n

Pulp & Paper n

Refinery Additives n

Rubber

Specialty Coatings n n n

Suspension Polymerization

Textiles & Leather n

Tissues & Towels

Tobacco

Weldings

Woodcare

62 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Woodcare Weldings Tobacco &Towels Tissues &Leather Textiles Suspension Polymerization Coatings Specialty Rubber AdditivesRefinery &Paper Pulp Plastics Coatings Paper Paint Removers Mining Mineral Slurries Processing Metal Membranes &Printing Inks Explosives Emulsions Electronics Civil Engineering Ceramics Cables Batteries AgChem Ceramics Advanced Adhesives

pHLEX™ n n n neutralizing agents

n n Escalol™ UV filters n n Ceraphyl™ emulsifiers Performance Specialties Reference Guide Not available in EMEA in available Not

n Cerasynt™ emulsifiers

n Micropowder™ Iron

n Iron Pentacarbonyl

Drewplus™/ n n n n n n n n n Advantage™ defoamers 63 Surfactants, solvents and intermediates, vinyl monomers

The following table is a cross-reference of the products cited throughout the text and their fundamental functional property(ies).

Surfactants, Solvents and Intermediates Vinyl Monomers ™ ranges V-Pyrol™ V-Pyrol™ Dextrol™ Strodex™ Ceraphyl™ Ceraphyl™ Cerasynt Microflex™ Microflex™ emulsifiers emulsifiers surfactants surfactants Surfadone™ Surfadone™ caprolactam V-Cap™ vinyl vinyl V-Cap™ Easy-Wet™ 20 20 Easy-Wet™ wetting agents wetting agents microemulsifier phosphate ester phosphate ester vinylpyrrolidone

Activity Inhibitor

Adhesive

Anti-Agglomerant

Anti-Soil Redeposition

Anti-Static

Binder

Bioadhesive

Catalyst

Chemical Intermediate n n

Cohesive

Complexes

Corrosion Inhibitor n n

Cross-linker

Crystal Inhibitor

Defoamer

Detergent n n n n n n n

Disintegrant

Dispersant n n n n

Dye Fixative

Dye Transfer Inhibitor

Electrical Conductor

Electrical Resistor

EMI Protector

Emulsifier n n n n n n n

Encapsulation

Film Former

Flexible Film Former

64 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Surfactants, Solvents and Intermediates Vinyl Monomers ™ ranges V-Pyrol™ V-Pyrol™ Dextrol™ Strodex™ Ceraphyl™ Ceraphyl™ Cerasynt Microflex™ Microflex™ emulsifiers emulsifiers surfactants surfactants Surfadone™ Surfadone™ caprolactam V-Cap™ vinyl vinyl V-Cap™ Easy-Wet™ 20 20 Easy-Wet™ wetting agents wetting agents microemulsifier phosphate ester phosphate ester vinylpyrrolidone

Flocculant

Flow Controller

Fluid Loss Additive

Lubricant n n n n

Metal Sequestrant

Oil Solubility n n

Opacifier n

Plasticizer n n

Processing Aid

Release Agent

Rheology Modifier

Sizing Agent

Soil Release Agent

Solvent n n n n n

Stabilizer

Substantive

Surface Active n n n n n n n

Suspending Agent

Tack Modifier

Thermoplastic

Thickener

UV Absorber

UV Protector

Water Resistor

Water-Holding

Wax Inhibitor

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 65 Performance polymers

The following table is a cross-reference of the products cited throughout the text and their fundamental functional property(ies).

Performance Polymers Performance Polymers

guar agents polymer cellulose cellulose Polyclar™ Polyclar™ polymers polymers modifiers Aqualon™ Aqualon™ Natrosol™ Natrosol™ derivatives derivatives copolymers Acrylidone™ PVP polymersPVP ethyl celluloseethyl PVP/VA polymers PVP/VA Jaypol™ acrylates dispersant ranges Ganex™/Antaron™ Ganex™/Antaron™ Rapifloc™ acrylates Rapifloc™ RapiThix™ polymer RapiThix™ Sorez™ copolymers Sorez™ Gafquat™ polymers Gafquat™ Polectron™/Antara™ Gantrez™ and I-Rez™ and Gantrez™ Aquaflow™ rheology Aquaflow™ Styleze™ copolymers Styleze™ Bondwell™, Blanose™, Blanose™, Bondwell™, RheoThix™ thickening thickening RheoThix™ hydroxyethylcellulose Aquaflex™ copolymers Klucel™ hydroxypropyl EasySperse™ polymeric polymeric EasySperse™ Disintex™ disintegrants Disintex™ Polyclar™ crospovidone Polyclar™ Galactasol™ derivatized Aquastyle™ copolymers UltraThix™ crosspolymer UltraThix™ Aqualon™ carboxymethyl Aqualon™ polyvinylpolypyrrolidone Benecel™ methylcellulose methylcellulose Benecel™ Gaffix™/Copolymer VC-713 VC-713 Gaffix™/Copolymer Culminal™ methylcellulose Culminal™

Activity Inhibitor n n

Adhesive n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

Anti-Agglomerant n

Anti-Soil Redeposition n n n n n

Anti-Static n

Binder n n n n n n n

Bioadhesive n

Catalyst

Chemical Intermediate n

Cohesive n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

Complexes n n n n

Corrosion Inhibitor n n

Cross-linker n n n n n n n n

Crystal Inhibitor n n n n

Defoamer

Detergent n n

Disintegrant n

Dispersant n n n n n n

Dye Fixative n n n

Dye Transfer Inhibitor n

Electrical Conductor

Electrical Resistor

EMI Protector

Emulsifier n

Encapsulation n

Film Former n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

Flexible Film Former n n n n n

66 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance Polymers Performance Polymers

guar agents polymer cellulose cellulose Polyclar™ Polyclar™ polymers polymers modifiers Aqualon™ Aqualon™ Natrosol™ Natrosol™ derivatives derivatives copolymers Acrylidone™ PVP polymersPVP ethyl celluloseethyl PVP/VA polymers PVP/VA Jaypol™ acrylates dispersant ranges Ganex™/Antaron™ Ganex™/Antaron™ Rapifloc™ acrylates Rapifloc™ RapiThix™ polymer RapiThix™ Sorez™ copolymers Sorez™ Gafquat™ polymers Gafquat™ Polectron™/Antara™ Gantrez™ and I-Rez™ and Gantrez™ Aquaflow™ rheology Aquaflow™ Styleze™ copolymers Styleze™ Bondwell™, Blanose™, Blanose™, Bondwell™, RheoThix™ thickening thickening RheoThix™ hydroxyethylcellulose Aquaflex™ copolymers Klucel™ hydroxypropyl EasySperse™ polymeric polymeric EasySperse™ Disintex™ disintegrants Disintex™ Polyclar™ crospovidone Polyclar™ Galactasol™ derivatized Aquastyle™ copolymers UltraThix™ crosspolymer UltraThix™ Aqualon™ carboxymethyl Aqualon™ polyvinylpolypyrrolidone Benecel™ methylcellulose methylcellulose Benecel™ Gaffix™/Copolymer VC-713 VC-713 Gaffix™/Copolymer Culminal™ methylcellulose Culminal™

Activity Inhibitor n n

Adhesive n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

Anti-Agglomerant n

Anti-Soil Redeposition n n n n n

Anti-Static n

Binder n n n n n n n

Bioadhesive n

Catalyst

Chemical Intermediate n

Cohesive n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

Complexes n n n n

Corrosion Inhibitor n n

Cross-linker n n n n n n n n

Crystal Inhibitor n n n n

Defoamer

Detergent n n

Disintegrant n

Dispersant n n n n n n

Dye Fixative n n n

Dye Transfer Inhibitor n

Electrical Conductor

Electrical Resistor

EMI Protector

Emulsifier n

Encapsulation n

Film Former n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

Flexible Film Former n n n n n

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 67 Performance polymers

The following table is a cross-reference of the products cited throughout the text and their fundamental functional property(ies).

Performance Polymers Performance Polymers

guar agents polymer polymer cellulose cellulose Polyclar™ Polyclar™ polymers modifiers Aqualon™ Aqualon™ Natrosol™ Natrosol™ derivatives derivatives copolymers Acrylidone™ PVP polymersPVP ethyl celluloseethyl PVP/VA polymers PVP/VA Jaypol™ acrylates dispersant ranges Ganex™/Antaron™ Ganex™/Antaron™ Rapifloc™ acrylates Rapifloc™ RapiThix™ polymer RapiThix™ Sorez™ copolymers Sorez™ Gafquat™ polymers Gafquat™ Polectron™/Antara™ Gantrez™ and I-Rez™ and Gantrez™ Aquaflow™ rheology Aquaflow™ Styleze™ copolymers Styleze™ Bondwell™, Blanose™, Blanose™, Bondwell™, RheoThix™ thickening thickening RheoThix™ hydroxyethylcellulose Klucel™ hydroxypropyl EasySperse™ polymeric polymeric EasySperse™ Disintex™ disintegrants Disintex™ Polyclar™ crospovidone Polyclar™ Galactasol™ derivatized Aquastyle™ copolymers UltraThix™ crosspolymer UltraThix™ Aquaflex™ tetrapolymers Aqualon™ carboxymethyl Aqualon™ polyvinylpolypyrrolidone Benecel™ methylcellulose methylcellulose Benecel™ Gaffix™/Copolymer VC-713 VC-713 Gaffix™/Copolymer Culminal™ methylcellulose Culminal™

Flocculant n

Flow Controller n n n

Fluid Loss Additive n n n

Lubricant n n n n

Metal Sequestrant n

Oil Solubility n n

Opacifier n

Plasticizer

Processing Aid

Release Agent

Rheology Modifier n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

Sizing Agent

Soil Release Agent n n

Solvent n

Stabilizer n n n

Substantive n n n n n

Surface Active n n n n

Suspending Agent n n n n n n n

Tack Modifier n n

Thermoplastic n n n

Thickener n n n n n n n n n n n n n

UV Absorber

UV Protector

Water Resistor n n n n

Water-Holding n

Wax Inhibitor n

68 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance Polymers Performance Polymers

guar agents polymer polymer cellulose cellulose Polyclar™ Polyclar™ polymers modifiers Aqualon™ Aqualon™ Natrosol™ Natrosol™ derivatives derivatives copolymers Acrylidone™ PVP polymersPVP ethyl celluloseethyl PVP/VA polymers PVP/VA Jaypol™ acrylates dispersant ranges Ganex™/Antaron™ Ganex™/Antaron™ Rapifloc™ acrylates Rapifloc™ RapiThix™ polymer RapiThix™ Sorez™ copolymers Sorez™ Gafquat™ polymers Gafquat™ Polectron™/Antara™ Gantrez™ and I-Rez™ and Gantrez™ Aquaflow™ rheology Aquaflow™ Styleze™ copolymers Styleze™ Bondwell™, Blanose™, Blanose™, Bondwell™, RheoThix™ thickening thickening RheoThix™ hydroxyethylcellulose Klucel™ hydroxypropyl EasySperse™ polymeric polymeric EasySperse™ Disintex™ disintegrants Disintex™ Polyclar™ crospovidone Polyclar™ Galactasol™ derivatized Aquastyle™ copolymers UltraThix™ crosspolymer UltraThix™ Aquaflex™ tetrapolymers Aqualon™ carboxymethyl Aqualon™ polyvinylpolypyrrolidone Benecel™ methylcellulose methylcellulose Benecel™ Gaffix™/Copolymer VC-713 VC-713 Gaffix™/Copolymer Culminal™ methylcellulose Culminal™

Flocculant n

Flow Controller n n n

Fluid Loss Additive n n n

Lubricant n n n n

Metal Sequestrant n

Oil Solubility n n

Opacifier n

Plasticizer

Processing Aid

Release Agent

Rheology Modifier n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

Sizing Agent

Soil Release Agent n n

Solvent n

Stabilizer n n n

Substantive n n n n n

Surface Active n n n n

Suspending Agent n n n n n n n

Tack Modifier n n

Thermoplastic n n n

Thickener n n n n n n n n n n n n n

UV Absorber

UV Protector

Water Resistor n n n n

Water-Holding n

Wax Inhibitor n

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 69 Specialty chemicals

The following table is a cross-reference of the products cited throughout the text and their fundamental functional property(ies).

Specialty Chemicals

Iron Iron agents pHLEX™ pHLEX™ Escalol™ Escalol™ UV filters polymers defoamers Drewplus™/ neutralizing Advantage™ Advantage™ Ambergum™ Ambergum™ water-soluble water-soluble Pentacarbonyl Micropowder™ Micropowder™

Activity Inhibitor n n

Adhesive

Anti-Agglomerant

Anti-Soil Redeposition

Anti-Static

Binder

Bioadhesive

Catalyst n n

Chemical Intermediate n

Cohesive

Complexes

Corrosion Inhibitor n

Cross-linker

Crystal Inhibitor

Defoamer n

Detergent

Disintegrant

Dispersant n

Dye Fixative

Dye Transfer Inhibitor

Electrical Conductor

Electrical Resistor n

EMI Protector n

Emulsifier n

Encapsulation

Film Former n

Flexible Film Former

Not available in EMEA

70 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Specialty Chemicals

Iron Iron agents pHLEX™ pHLEX™ Escalol™ Escalol™ UV filters polymers defoamers Drewplus™/ neutralizing Advantage™ Advantage™ Ambergum™ Ambergum™ water-soluble water-soluble Pentacarbonyl Micropowder™ Micropowder™

Flocculant

Flow Controller

Fluid Loss Additive

Lubricant n

Metal Sequestrant

Oil Solubility n

Opacifier

Plasticizer

Preservative

Processing Aid

Release Agent

Rheology Modifier n

Sizing Agent

Soil Release Agent

Solvent

Stabilizer n

Substantive

Surface Active n n

Suspending Agent

Tack Modifier

Thermoplastic

Thickener n

UV Absorber n

UV Protector n

Water Resistor

Water-Holding

Wax Inhibitor

Not available in EMEA

Performance Specialties Reference Guide 71 Global Headquarters Performance and Industrial Chemicals Ashland Inc. A broad portfolio backed by the best quality and technical services 50 East RiverCenter Blvd. Ashland’s portfolio of performance and industrial chemicals is one of the broadest in the specialties Covington, KY 41012 USA segment, enabling us to take a market-leading position in many categories. From printing to oilfield to Tel: +1 859 815 3333 automotive, these products are widely distributed to manufacturers around the world to enhance product Ashland Specialty Ingredients functionality, reduce costs and improve processing and manufacturing. Additionally, Ashland provides 8145 Blazer Drive customized chemistry to formulators with especially challenging performance requirements. This white- Wilmington, DE 19808 USA Tel: +1 877 546 2782 glove approach is further reflected in our extensive global network of technical service facilities in North America, Europe, Middle East and Asia. For more information about our entire line of offerings, visit our Regional Sales Offices corporate site at ashland.com. North America Bridgewater, NJ USA Tel: +1 877 546 2782 For more information, contact us at: [email protected] [email protected]

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