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An Optimal Control Approach for Determiniation of the Heat Loss Coefficient in an Ics Solar Domesticater W Heating System

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An Optimal Control Approach for Determiniation of the Heat Loss Coefficient in an Ics Solar Domesticater W Heating System University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2010 An Optimal Control Approach For Determiniation Of The Heat Loss Coefficient In An Ics Solar Domesticater W Heating System Camilo Gil University of Central Florida Part of the Electrical and Electronics Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Doctoral Dissertation (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Gil, Camilo, "An Optimal Control Approach For Determiniation Of The Heat Loss Coefficient In An Ics Solar Domestic Water Heating System" (2010). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 4297. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/4297 AN OPTIMAL CONTROL APPROACH FOR DETERMINATION OF THE HEAT LOSS COEFFICIENT IN AN ICS SOLAR DOMESTIC WATER HEATING SYSTEM by CAMILO GIL B.S. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 2001 M.S. University of New Mexico, 2005 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering in the College of Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Summer Term 2010 Major Professor: Marwan Simaan ©2010 Camilo Gil ii ABSTRACT Water heating in a typical home in the U.S. accounts for a significant portion (between 14% and 25%) of the total home’s annual energy consumption. The objective of considerably reducing the home’s energy consumption from the utilities calls for the use of onsite renewable energy systems. Integral Collector Storage (ICS) solar domestic water heating systems are an alternative to help meet the hot water energy demands in a household. In order to evaluate the potential benefits and contributions from the ICS system, it is important that the parameter values included in the model used to estimate the system’s performance are as accurate as possible. The overall heat loss coefficient (Uloss) in the model plays an important role in the performance prediction methodology of the ICS. This work presents a new and improved methodology to determine Uloss as a function of time in an ICS system using a systematic optimal control theoretic approach. This methodology is based on the derivation of a new nonlinear state space model of the system, and the formulation of a quadratic performance function whose minimization yields estimates of Uloss values that can be used in computer simulations to improve the performance prediction of the ICS system, depending on the desired time of the year and hot water draw profile. Simulation results show that predictions of the system’s performance based on these estimates of Uloss are considerably more accurate than the predictions based on current existing methods for estimating Uloss. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-FC26-06NT42767. The support of Dr. Subrato Chandra at the Florida Solar Energy Center was fundamental in allowing me to pursue with the idea of this work. I am thankful to Dr. Marwan Simaan, the Dean of the College of Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Central Florida, for his encouragement and support of my research. I am also indebted to Dr. Michael Haralambous and Dr. Zhihua Qu whose constructive criticism and suggestions strengthened and improved the subject matter. I sincerely acknowledge the work of Mr. Carlos Colón for leading the experimental research at the Florida Solar Energy Center. iv DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. v TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... ix 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 General Description ........................................................................................................ 3 1.2 Literature Review Summary ........................................................................................... 5 2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Components and Previous Work .................................................................................... 9 2.1.1 Tanks ....................................................................................................................... 9 2.1.2 Glazing and case ................................................................................................... 15 2.1.3 Insulation............................................................................................................... 17 2.2 Modeling and Dynamics ............................................................................................... 18 3 SYSTEM FORMULATION AND OPTIMAL CONTROL ................................................ 23 3.1 System Formulation ...................................................................................................... 23 3.2 Optimal Control Theory ................................................................................................ 25 3.3 Neighboring Extremal Approach .................................................................................. 30 4 VARIABLES OF INTEREST .............................................................................................. 32 5 SIMULATIONS AND RESULTS ....................................................................................... 38 5.1 NREL Draw Profile ...................................................................................................... 38 5.1.1 NREL energy delivered ........................................................................................ 41 vi 5.2 ASHRAE Draw Profile ................................................................................................. 44 5.2.1 ASHRAE energy delivered ................................................................................... 45 5.3 NREL, ASHRAE, and Uloss .......................................................................................... 47 5.4 TRNSYS Comparisons ................................................................................................. 49 6 CONCLUSIONS................................................................................................................... 53 APPENDIX A: TYPICAL METEOROLOGICAL YEAR .......................................................... 54 APPENDIX B: HAMILTONIAN SYSTEM SOLUTION CODE ............................................... 59 APPENDIX C: SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................ 68 APPENDIX D: MONTHLY COLLECTED DATA .................................................................... 70 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 83 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: ICS picture .................................................................................................................... 1 Figure 1.2: ICS basic diagram ........................................................................................................ 4 Figure 1.3: ICS water inlet and outlet ............................................................................................. 5 Figure 2.1: ICS system basic components ...................................................................................... 9 Figure 2.2: Main heat transfer processes in an ICS system .......................................................... 19 Figure 2.3: Storage divided into N isothermal nodes .................................................................... 21 Figure 2.4: ICS block diagram ...................................................................................................... 22 Figure 3.1: Proposed approach block diagram ............................................................................. 29 Figure 4.1: Main measured variables on May 6, 2009 ................................................................. 33 Figure 4.2: ASHRAE 90.2 Hot water draw profile ...................................................................... 35 Figure 4.3: NREL Hot water draw profile (%) ............................................................................
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