INDEX

Numbers in italics refer to the illustrations CP7–CP8 Barnes & Noble, 60 Bourgeois Utopias book, 17 7th Avenue (Phoenix, Arizona), 86, 4-23 Seventh Avenue, Phoenix, 86, 4-23 Barnett, Jonathan, 173, 196 Bowling Alone book, 60 SkySong, 211 Basu, Subrata, 201 Brain, David, 111 A Arizona State University Foundation, 211 Beck Group, 69 Brave New Neighborhoods: The Privati- AARP (American Association of Retired Arlington (Virginia), 90–93 BellSouth Atlanta Metro Plan, 207–209 zation of Public Space book, 111 Persons), 19, 51 arterial roads, 82–83 Belmar (Lakewood, Colorado) bridges, pedestrian, 222–223 AASHTO “Green Book”, 82, 84 arts district, 229 demographic analysis, 170–171 British Columbia, 136–138 Abbott, Herschel, 207 Asian communities, 89 fi nding funding for, 159–161 Broadway Plaza, 135 ACB (American Community Builders), 48 Atlanta (Georgia) morphological analysis, 162–166, Brookings Institution, 20–21, 174 accessory apartments, 23–25, 41 Atlantic Station, 4 8-7–8-9 Brooklyn (New York), 81–82 adaptive reuse BellSouth Atlanta Metro Plan, overview, 154–159, 8-1–8-6, Brooklyn Park (Minnesota), 76–77 Camino Nuevo Charter Academy, 207–209 8-10–8-17, CP34–CP40 Brookside Apartments (College Park, 71–72, CP9–CP11 Beltline project, 93–94, 4-31 public space, 166–170, 8-15 Georgia), 30–31, 2-10 Denton Public Library North Branch, Brookside Apartments, 30 Beltline project (Atlanta, Georgia), Brown, Lance Jay, 23 69, CP4–CP6 Buford Highway, 59–60, 4-27–4-28 93–94, 4-31 brownfi eld sites, 159–160, 216 Foley’s department stores, 133, 6–21 Capitol Homes redevelopment, 87 big houses, 41 Buckingham Companies, The, 34 His Hands Church, 69, 4-6 Lenox Park, 207–209 big-box stores, 3, 66–69 Buckingham Square Mall (Aurora, Colo- La Grande Orange, 70–71, 4-7, Lindbergh City Center, 207–209 Bing Thom Architects, 136–138 rado), 134 CP7–CP8 LWARPS — we can reverse sprawl, Block 7 (Belmar, Lakewood, Colorado), Buffalo (New York), 75 overview, 3, 67–72 233, CP52 166–167, 8-12, CP38 buffers, 64, 226, 228 Addison Circle (Addison, Texas), Memorial Drive, 87–88, 4-25 block structure Buford Highway (Georgia), 89–91, 180–182, 186, 9-4–9-6, CP41– Perimeter Place, 183–187, 9-9–9-10 University Town Center, 228, 12-10 4-27–4-28 CP43 polycentric regions, 207–209 in walkable design, 175 affordability, 5-6, 9, 24, 29, 35, 57 rezoning corridors, 87–90 wrapped blocks at Belmar, 165, C aging population, 19, 51, 57 Sunny Brook Meadows, 27 8-11, 8-16 Cabot, Cabot & Forbes, 217–218 American Association of Retired Persons Atlanta Journal-Constitution, 31, 89 Bloomfi eld (Connecticut), 205 California (AARP), 19, 51 Atlantic Station (Atlanta, Georgia), 4 Bloomington (Minnesota), 113 Camino Nuevo Charter Academy, American Community Builders (ACB), 48 Attleboro (Massachusetts), 216–217 “Blueprint Buffalo” strategy, 75 71–72, 4-8, CP9–CP11 American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, “Aurae Wall”, 167 Blumberg, Herschel, 220–222, 228 Cathedral City, 12, 84–87, 4-22, CP15 160 Aurora (Colorado), 134 Blumberg, Marvin, 220–222 Century City, 178 American Vitruvius, The, book, 48 auto-dependency Boca Raton Community Redevelopment Hacienda Business Park, 189, 206, apartments. see also residential buildings due to specialization of retail, 66 Agency (CRA), 124–125 9-14, 11-1 accessory, 23–25, 41 future, 35 Boca Raton (Florida), 123–125 One Colorado, 114 courtyard, 42 Hacienda Business Park, 189 bocce courts, 169 Orange County, 86 garden negative impacts of, 3, 19, 172, 176 Bohl, Charles C., 97, 105, 125 Pell Mall proposal, 119–120, 6-7 gentrifi cation infi ll, 34–35 older households, 19 bonds, green, 159–160 Santana Row, 78–80, 4-15–4-18 immigrants, 30–32 retrofi tting commercial strips, 92 Boston (Massachusetts) Silicon Valley, 210 increasing residential density retrofi t opportunities in suburbs, Nouvelle at Natick, 143, 7-3 Stanford Industrial Park, 204 through, 19–20 11,COPYRIGHTED 58 Route MATERIAL 128 redevelopment, 210, 11-2 Third Street Promenade, 114 market devaluation, 32–34 Avondale Mall (DeKalb County, Georgia), Westwood Station, 217-218, 11-7, Uptown District, San Diego, 72–73, overview, 29–30 108, 6-1 CP47-CP48 4-9–4-10 small to medium, 42 Boulder (Colorado), 3 Walnut Creek, 134–136 Apollo Beach (Florida), 25–27, 2-6 B Boulevard Book, The, 81, 84 Calthorpe, Peter, 83–84. 131 architectural style debates, 14, 236 Bank Block (Grandview Heights, Ohio), boulevards Camino Nuevo Charter Academy (Los Arizona 70–71 multiway, 81–82, 84–87 Angeles, California), 71–72, 4-8, La Grande Orange, 3, 70–71, 4-7, bans, alcohol sales, 217 transit, 82–84 CP9–CP11

249 campus tissues CNU (Congress for the New Urbanism), Perimeter Place, 183–185 Kendall/Dadeland Belmar, 162–163 74, 84, 114, 116, 232 spadominiums, 212 DADUs (detached accessory dwelling defi ned, 53 coalitions, 23–25, 53 University Town Center, 228–229 units), 23–25, 2-5 Downtown Kendall/Dadeland, 198, codes congestion D’Alesandro, Thomas, IV, 142 200 form-based, 7, 12, 90–93, 201 commuting to offi ce parks, 207 Dallas (Texas), 8 Mashpee Commons, 102–103 Mashpee Commons Code, 101 infi lling edge cities, 180 Daly Genik Architects, 71 University Town Center, 225–228 Quality of Life Zoning Codes, 88 Congress for the New Urbanism (CNU), David Owen Tryba Architects, 132 Cape Cod (Massachusetts), 97. see also SmartCode, 36–37, 196 74, 84, 114, 116, 143, 232 Davis, Thomas M., III, 29 Mashpee Commons Colerain Avenue (U.S. Route 27, Ohio), Connecticut General Life Insurance dead malls Capitol Homes redevelopment (Atlanta, 64, 4-4 headquarters (Bloomfi eld, Con- hurdles to redevelopment, 118 Georgia), 87 Coliseum Central Area, 190–191, 9-15 necticut), 205 overview, 114–118 car parking collaboration, 151–152 consensus building, 151 Death and Life of Great American Cities, lot confi gurations, 36–43 College Park (Georgia), 30–31 Continuum Partners, 156, 158–161 The, book, 67–68 reduction in spaces, 134 Colombia Pike (Arlington, Virginia), Cooper Carry Inc., 35, 124 demographic analysis structured, 160 90–93, 4-30 corporate campuses, 211 Belmar, 170–171 carbon emissions, 3–4, 232 Colony Apartments (Charlotte, North corridors. see also commercial strips Downtown Kendall/Dadeland, Carmel (Indiana), 34–35 Carolina), 35 form-based codes, 90–93 201–202 catchment radius, 117 Colorado. see also Belmar multiway boulevards, 81–82, 84–87 University Town Center, 228–229 Cathedral City (California), 12, 84–87, Boulder, 3 overview, 12, 81–82 demographic diversity, 9, 18–20, 35–43, 4-22, CP15 Buckingham Square Mall, 134 rezoning, 87–90 46–51 CDA (Community Development Agency), Cinderella City Mall, 130–131, CP25 transit boulevards, 82–84 Denton Public Library North Branch Winter Park, 126 CityCenter Englewood, 123, costs, retrofi t, 75–76 (Denton, Texas), 69, CP4–CP6 Center for Regional and Neighborhood 129–134, 6-18–6-22, CP24–CP26 cottage housing, 25, 41 Denver Business Journal, 158 Action (CRNA), 131 Westminster Mall, 129–130 Cottonwood Mall (Holladay, Utah) department store reuse, 133, 139 Century City (Los Angeles, California), commercial strips. see also Mashpee charrettes detached accessory dwelling units (DA- 178 Commons benefi ts of, 151–153 DUs), 23–25, 2-5 Chace, Buff, 97–99, 101 Buford Highway, 89–91 overview, 146–151, 7-5 deterioration, neighborhood, 22–23 chain stores building types, 62–66 market study, 143–146 diversity failure of, 116–117 Cathedral City, 12, 84–87, 4-22, mini-charrettes, 143–146 demographic, 9, 18–20, 35–43, history, 64–65 CP15 overview, 117, 140–141, 7-1–7-2, 46–51 new construction for, 67 Columbia Pike, 90–93, 4-30 7-4, 7-6, CP30–CP33 housing choice, 54–55 relative to local retail, 65, 107 corridor retrofi ts, 12, 81–92 repositioning, 142–143 “do nothing” scenario, 118 social space, 60, 94 history of, 62–66 Traffi c Impact Analysis, 6, 149–150 Don M. Casto Corporation, 126–129 Champs-Elysées (Paris, France), 81 Memorial Drive, 87–88, 4-25 Courier, Mashpee Commons, 107 dorm buildings, 223, 228–229 Charleston (South Carolina), 76 public sector retrofi t strategies, courtyard apartments, 42 Dover, Kohl & Partners, 90–91, 126, 194 Charlotte (North Carolina), 35 75–77 courtyard housing, 41–42 Dover, Victor, 194–195 charrettes La Grande Orange, 3, 70–71, 4-7, CRA (community redevelopment agency) Downtown Kendall/Dadeland (Miami- benefi ts of, 151–153 CP7-CP8 (Boca Raton, Florida), 124–125 Dade County, Florida) Cottonwood Mall, 140-153, 7-5 third place theory, 59–62 Crabgrass Frontier book, 16 demographic analysis, 201–202 Downtown Kendall/Dadeland, urban structure of, 92–94 creative class, 209–211, 228–229 morphological analysis, 198–200, 194–195 community, defi ned, 111 CRNA (Center for Regional and Neigh- 10-7–10-9 Miami-Dade County, 196–197, 10-6 community anchors, 71–72 borhood Action), 131 overview, 187, 192–195, 10-1–10-6, overview, 139, 146–151 community centers, 61, 63 Crosby, Steve, 204 10-10, CP44–CP46 churches, 68–69 Community Development Agency (CDA), Cross County Mall (Yonkers, New York), regulating urbanizing framework, Cinderella City Mall (Englewood, Colo- Winter Park, 126 113, 6-5 196–197, CP44 rado), 130–131, CP25 community redevelopment agency (CRA) culs-de-sac Downtown Park Forest, 33, 51–52, CityCenter Englewood (Englewood, Col- (Boca Raton, Florida), 124–125 Apollo Beach, 25–27, 2-6 119–122, 3-6, 6-8–6-9 orado), 123, 129–134, 6-18–6-22, commuting patterns, 206–209 Laurel Bay, 25–27, 2-7 DPZ (Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company), CP24–CP26 compact development, 3–4, 19. strategies for, 19–20 25–27, 98–101, 143–144, 194, civic leadership, 118 Comprehensive Permit Law, 101 214–216 civic space, 51, 99, 110, 133–134, 226 Comprehensive Plan (Miami-Dade D drivable sub-urban development, 174 civility, 111 County), 194 Dadeland Mall (Miami-Dade County, Duany, Andres, 72, 99–100 Civitas Inc., 156 condominiums Florida), 201, CP45 Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company (DPZ), Cloud 9 Sky Flats (Minnetonka, Min- Downtown Kendall/Dadeland, 201 Dadeland-Datran (Miami-Dade County, 25–27, 98–101, 143–144, 194, nesota), 212–213, 11-4 Nouvelle at Natick, 143 Florida), 187. see also Downtown 214–216

250 INDEX E Federal Realty Investment Trust, 78 115, 140–153. see also Cotton- Hattaway, Billy, 149–150 eclecticism, 224 festival centers, 61 wood Mall health, effect of urban sprawl on, 176 Economic Research Associates, 190 fi gure-fi eld diagrams generic conventions, modifi cation of, Heapes, Richard, 79 edge cities. see also Downtown Kendall/ Belmar, 162–164, 8-7–8-9 151 Hempstead (New York), 187–188 Dadeland Downtown Kendall/Dadeland, Genesee County (Michigan), 72–73 higher density. see compact develop- evolution of, 177–180 198–200, 10-7–10-9 gentrifi cation ment future of, 191 Mashpee Commons, 102–104, Colony Apartments, 35 Highway Beautifi cation Act, 62 Greenway Plaza, 27, 9-3 5-5–5-7 cycle of, 166 His Hands Church (Woodstock, Georgia), infi lling University Town Center, 225–227, Gramercy, 34–35 69, 4-6 Addison Circle, 180–182 12-7–12-9 Georgia. see Atlanta, Georgia Holladay (Utah). see Cottonwood Mall Century City, 178 fi nancing, 6, 24, 139 GGP (General Growth Properties), 6, horizontal mixed use, 110 Coliseum Central Area, 190–191, fi rst suburbs, 20–22, 23–25, 68, 2-3–2-4 115, 140-153. see also Cotton- house remodeling, 23–26, 53 9-15 Fishman, Robert, 17, 172 wood Mall house value, 49–51, 3-4–3-5 effectiveness of, 186–187 fl ats, 42 ghostboxes, 67–69 household types, 18, 2-2 Hacienda Business Park, 189, 9-14 Florida. see also Downtown Kendall/ Global Station proposal, 89, 4-26 housing types. see lot confi gurations Legacy Town Center, 182–183 Dadeland Goetz, Stephan J., 60 Houston (Texas) Perimeter Place, 183–185, Apollo Beach, 25–27, 2-6 Goldberg, David, 208 Galleria District, 173 9-9–9-10 Koger Center, 206 Goodman Architectural Services, 69 Greenway Plaza, 27, 178, 9-3 Tukwila Urban Center, 189, 9-13 Miami-Dade County, 5, 20, 194 Gougeon, Tom, 156, 158–160, 166, 168 Gulfton, 31–32 Tysons Corner, 171, 188, 9-1 Mizner Park, 123–125, 6-11–6-13, governance Woodlands Town Center, 142 redirecting, 173–177 CP20–CP23 edge city, 179–180 Hutchens, Brett, 128 retrofi ts across multiple parcels, 187–191 Temple Terrace, 80–81, CP12–CP14 fractured, 21–22 Hyattsville (Maryland). see University Edge City: Life on the New Frontier Winter Park Village, 123, 126–129, Governing magazine, 158 Town Center book, 172–173 157, 6-14–6-16, 8-3 Governor’s Place (Kettering, Ohio), 77 hybrid approach, 123 edgeless cities, 179–180 Florida, Richard, 209–212 Graham, Thomas R., 204 hybridity, 13, 231 EDS (Electronic Data Systems), 182–183 Foley’s department stores, 133, 6-21 Gramercy (Carmel, Indiana), 34–35, 2-16 elastic tissues foreign-born population, 20, 30–32 Grandview Heights (Ohio), 70–71 I Belmar, 162 form-based codes, 7, 12, 90–93, 196, granny fl ats, 24–25, 41 ICSC (International Council of Shopping defi ned, 53 201 graphics, charrette, 195 Centers), 61, 63, 116–117 Downtown Kendall/Dadeland, 198 fractured governance, 21–22 Gravel, Ryan, 93 Illinois. see Park Forest Mashpee Commons, 102 franchises, 65 green bonds, 159–160 Imai, Randall, 98 University Town Center, 225 Frank, Lawrence, Dr., 176 Green Book, AASHTO, 82, 84 Imai Keller Moore Architects, 98 Electronic Data Systems (EDS), 182–183 “Free Our Streets” movement, 111–112 green buildings, 155, 159–160, 215 immigrants Elkus Manfredi Architects, 156, 217–218 Freedman, Michael, 84–86 green neighborhoods, 20, 57 Brookside Apartments, 30–31 Ellis, John, 189 Freedman, Tung & Bottomley, 84, 189 Greenbelt program, 48 Gulfton, 31–32 Emhart Manufacturing Research Building Frumkin, Howard, Dr., 176 Greendale (Wisconsin), 48 inclusionary zoning, 23 (Bloomfi eld, Connecticut), 205 Fulton, William, 179 greenfi elds, 56, 75, 105–106, 116, 145 incremental metropolitanism Enaje, Stephanie, 228–229 Fuqua, Jeff, 185 Greenway Plaza (Houston, Texas), 27, in 2050, 230–233 energy effi ciency, 160 FXFowle Architects, 187–188 178, 9-3 in Denver, 129–13 Englewood (Colorado) greyfi elds, 3–4, 73, 86, 114, 190–191 overview, 9–12 Cinderella City Mall, 130–131, CP25 G Greyfi elds into Goldfi elds book, 74–75, Indiana CityCenter Englewood, 123, Galleria District (Houston, Texas), 173 114 Gramercy, 34–35 129–134, 6-18–6-22, CP24–CP26 Gamble, Michael, 5, 90–91 Gruen, Victor, 113 Mohawk Hills, 34 environment, effect of urban sprawl Gans, Herbert, 47 Gulfton (Houston, Texas), 31–32, Indianapolis Star, 35 on, 176 garden apartments 2-11–2-13 industrial parks Envision Utah, 153 gentrifi cation infi ll, 34–35 Guttman, Steven, 78 nonconcentric patterns of commut- exclusionary zoning, 101 immigrants, 30–32 Gwinnett County (Georgia), 59, 88–89, ing, 206–209 increasing residential density 4-1 overview, 203–206 F through, 19–20 recruiting creative class, 209–211 face-to-face contact, 174 market devaluation, 32–34 H retrofi tting, 216–218 Fairfax (Virginia), 27–29 overview, 29–30 Hacienda Business Park (Pleasanton, Cali- infi ll development Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the Garreau, Joel, 10–11, 172–174, 177 fornia), 189, 206, 9-14, 11-1 around live malls All-American Meal book, 65 General Foods complex (White Plains, Hampton (Virginia), 190–191 Downtown Kendall/Dadeland, FasTrax system, 129 New York), 205 hard lofts, 43 219–229 favored quarter, 205, 208–209 General Growth Properties (GGP), 6, Harry, Seth, 117 Surrey Central City, 136–138

ENDNOTES 251 infi ll development (cont’d) tion Account), 76 big houses, 41 market-driven policies, 178–179 Walnut Creek, 134–136 LCI (Livable Centers Initiatives) program, courtyard apartments, 42 Martin, Don, 128–129 edge cities 76–77 courtyard/cottage housing, 41 Martin, Josh, 76 Addison Circle, 180–182 Leadership in Energy and Environmental lofts, 43 Maryland. see also University Town effectiveness of, 186–187 Design (LEED), 148, 155, 160, maisonettes over fl ats, 42 Center history, 177–179 215, 218 overview, 36–41 Prince George’s County, 20, 221–222 Legacy Town Center, 182–183 leases, store, 118 senior housing, 43 Silver Spring, 63, 111–112, 4-2, 6-3 Perimeter Center, 183–185 LeBlanc, Jude, 5, 90–91 sideyard houses, 41 Upper Rock, 214–216, 11-5–11-6 University Town Center, 222–224 LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environ- single-family houses, 41 Maryland-National Capital Park and Plan- instant architecture, 6–9, 75 mental Design), 148, 155, 160, stacked fl ats, 42 ning Commission (M-NCPPC), 229 instant cities, 2–6, 217–218, 231 215, 218 stacked maisonettes, 42 Mashpee Commons (Cape Cod, Mas- interconnectivity, 172–191, 201–202 LeFurgy, Jennifer, 179 student housing, 43 sachusetts) interdisciplinary collaboration, 151–152 Legacy Town Center (Plano, Texas), Texas donuts, 42 history of, 98–104, 5-4 internal trip capture, 150, 186–187 180–183, 186, 1-3, 9-7–9-8, 9-11 townhouses, 41 morphological analysis, 102–104, International Council of Shopping Cen- Leinberger, Christopher, 115–116, 174, Loukaitou-Sideris, Anastasia, 62 5-5–5-7 ters (ICSC), 61, 63, 116–117 205 low-cost housing, 23, 35. see also af- overview, 95–98, 5-1–5-3, 5-8–5-10, Lenox Park (Atlanta, Georgia), 207–209 fordability CP16–CP19 J Levitt, William, 46, 49–50 LWARPS — we can reverse sprawl, 233, Mason, Wayne, 89 Jackson, Kenneth, 16 Levittown (New York) CP52 mass transit Jackson, Randy, 86 change BellSouth Metro Atlanta Plan, Jackson, Richard, Dr., 176 paths toward, 56–58 M 207–209 Jacobs, Allan B., 81 resistance to, 52–54 Macdonald, Elizabeth, 81 CityCenter Englewood, 132–133 Main Street to Miracle Mile book, 62 Jacobs, Jane, 67–68 diversity Columbia Pike, 90–93 demographic, 46–51 maisonettes, 42 JBG Companies, 214–216 Downtown Kendall/Dadeland, 194 housing choices, 54–55, 3-1, 3-8 Mall of America (Bloomington, Min- JLT Group, 213 FasTrax, 129 environmental incentives, 57 nesota), 113 Julie Snow Architects, 213 impact on retrofi ts, 86, 92, 139 failure and redevelopment of retail malls. see also Belmar; Cottonwood Mall inducing, 90–93, 188, 193 properties, 51–52 converting to new downtowns K market for, 19 green, sustainable urbanism, 20, 57 CityCenter Englewood, 129–134, Kansas City First Suburbs Coalition, Mashpee Commons, 107 house remodeling, 8, 53 6-18–6-22, CP24–CP26 23–25, 53, 2-4 MetroWest, 27–29 overview, 44–46 Mizner Park, 123–125, 6-11–6-13, Karahan, Fehmi, 183 personal rapid transit, 189 Levittowners, The, book, 47 CP20–CP23 Kelly, Barbara, 53 relation to density, walkability, 175 Kettering (Ohio), 77 Licton Springs (Seattle, Washington), Winter Park Village, 126–129, Tysons Corner, 188 Kirkwood Station Plaza (Kirkwood, Mis- 25, 2-5 6-14–6-16, 8-3 University Town Center, 222 souri), 72 Liebs, Chester, 62, 231 dead and dying walkable communities, 58 Klutznick, Philip M., 48 Liedstrand, Bruce, 85 hurdles to redevelopment, 118 Washington DC Metrorail, 11–12 Kmart, 64, 69 lifestyle centers, 61, 110, 117 overview, 114–118 Massachusetts. see also Mashpee Com- knowledge workers, 209 limited-access highways, 86–87 downsizing, 119–122 Koger Center (Jacksonville, Florida), 206 Lindbergh City Center (Atlanta, Georgia), history of, 112–114 mons Kohl, Joseph, 5, 90–91, 196 207–209 infi lling around live Attleboro, 216–217 Kohn, Margaret, 111 liner buildings, 90, 106–107 Downtown Kendall/Dadeland, Cape Cod, 97 Kruse, Kevin, 17 Livable Centers Initiatives (LCI) program, 192–202, CP44–CP46 Nouvelle at Natick, 143, 7-3 76–77 Nouvelle at Natick, 143, 7-3 Route 128, 210, 11-2 L Livable Communities Demonstration Ac- Surrey Central City, 136–138, Shopper’s World, Framingham, 125 La Grande Orange (Phoenix, Arizona), 3, count (LCDA), 76 6-24–6-26, CP27–CP29 Westwood Station, 4, 217–218, 70–71, 4-7, CP7–CP8 live-work units, 117, 214 Walnut Creek, 134–136 11-7, CP47–CP48 Laboratory of Arts and Ideas (Belmar, lofts, 43, 212–216 overview, 108–110 McDonald’s, 64–65 Lakewood, Colorado), 167, 8-13, Lomenick, Art, 180–183 techniques for retrofi tting, 139 megachurches, 68–69 CP40 Long Island Index, The, 22 Manfredi, David, 160, 169–170, 218 Memorial Drive (Atlanta, Georgia), Lakewood (Colorado). see Belmar Longson, Kris, 142–144, 146–149 Manhattan, The, luxury condominium 87–88, 4-25 Lang, Robert E., 179 Los Angeles (California) tower, 184–185, 9-9 Mesa del Sol (New Mexico), 84, 4-21 Laposa, Steve, 114 Camino Nuevo Charter Academy, Manhattan Island (New York), 7–8, 157 Metropolis at Dadeland (Miami-Dade Las Colinas (Texas), 176, 9-2 71–72, CP9–CP11 MARC (Mid-America Regional Council), 24 County, Florida), 197, 201 Laurel Bay (Parris Island, South Carolina), Century City, 178 market analysis, 4–5, 18–19, 49, 118, Metropolis Magazine, 80 25–27, 2-7 lot confi gurations 143–146 metropolitanism. see incremental metro- LCDA (Livable Communities Demonstra- accessory apartments, 41 market devaluation, 32–34 politanism

252 INDEX MetroWest (Vienna, Virginia), 27–29, municipal experience, 6, 118, 215, 232 Nouvelle at Natick (Massachusetts), 143, parking. see car parking 2-8, CP1–CP3 MUODs (Mixed Use Overlay Districts), 7-3 Parris Island (South Carolina), 25–27 Meyer Scherer & Rockcastle, 69 217–218 partial wraps, 165 Miami-Dade County (Florida), 5, 20. see O pedestrian bridges, 222–223 also Downtown Kendall/Dadeland N Ocean Parkway (Brooklyn, New York), pedestrian malls, 51–52, 112–113 Michigan, 72–73 Nassau Hub (Hempstead, New York), 81–82, 4-19 pedestrians. see also walkability Mid-America Regional Council (MARC), 187–188, 9-12 offi ce complexes, 179–180 Addison, Texas, 182 24 Natick (Massachusetts), 143 offi ce parks. see also University Town Atlanta, Georgia, 88, 90 Midtown Centre (Jacksonville, Florida), National Association of Industrial and Center boulevards, 81, 85 206 Offi ce Properties, 204 nonconcentric patterns of commut- designing walkable places, 175 Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig, 221 national retailers. see chain stores ing, 206–209 edge city improvement for, 173 Miller, Linda, 213 Naturally Occurring Retirement Com- overview, 203–206 Greenway Plaza, 178 Miller Kitchell Development, 131 munities (NORCs), 51 recruiting creative class, 209–211 infi lling edge cities, 180 mini-charrette, 143–146 neighborhood, deterioration of, 22–23 relation to road, 65 Perimeter Place, 185 mini-malls, 71. see also strip malls neighborhood centers, 61 suburban workplaces University Town Center, 222–223 Minnesota Neighborhood Commercial District Cloud 9 Sky Flats, 212–213, 11-4 Walnut Creek, 135 Cloud 9 Sky Flats, 212–213, 11-4 Ordinance, 88 overview, 211–212 Pell Mall proposal (Vallejo, California), Mall of America, 113 Nelson, Arthur C., 10, 18, 86 Upper Rock, 214–216, 11-5–11-6 119–120, 6-7 Phalen Village, 72-75, 4-11–4-13 neon signs, 63 offi ce space, 10, 57 Perimeter Place (Sandy Springs, Georgia), Village Creek, 76–77, 4-14 networked urbanity, 13. see also Ohio 183–187, 9-9–9-10 Minnetonka (Minnesota), 212–213 polycentric regions Bank Block, 70–71 Perpall, Fred, 69 minorities, ethnic, 49–51, 57–58 networking entrepreneurs, 211–212. see Colerain Avenue, 64 personal rapid transit (PRT), 189 Missouri, 72 also creative class theory Governor’s Place, 77 Peterman, Patrick, 144, 150 Mitchell, Stacy, 67 New Jersey. see Willingboro Old Town Pasadena (California), 114 Peterson Companies, 111 mix of housing types, 41-43 New Mexico Oldenburg, Ray, 59–60 Petrucci, Darren, 86 Mixed Use Overlay Districts (MUODs), Mesa del Sol, 84, 4-21 One Colorado (Old Town Pasadena, Phalen Village (St. Paul, Minnesota), 217–218 Santa Fe, 174 California), 114 72–75, 4-11–4-13 mixed use, 109–110, 138–139, 175 New Republic, 173 open space “Philadelphia Green” program, 72 Mizner Park (Boca Raton, Florida), new suburban history, 17–18 Belmar, 167–169 Piazza Navona (Rome, Italy), 125 123–125, 6-11–6-13, CP20–CP23 New Suburban History, The, anthology, Downtown Kendall/Dadeland, 196 PIF (public improvement fee), 159 M-NCPPC (Maryland-National Capital 17 Option of Urbanism, The, book, 174 Pioneer Companies, 159 Park and Planning Commission), New Suburbia, 187 Orange County (California), 86 Place Making book, 97 229 new urbanist projects, principles, 2, 4, Organization Man, The, book, 32–33, placemaking, 177 Mohawk Hills (Carmel, Indiana), 34, 2-16 34, 36-37, 76, 78, 87, 149, 215 47. 211–212 place-specifi c design, 151 Montgomery County (Maryland), new urbanists, 36, 117, 146. see also outlet centers, 61, 66 Plano (Texas), 182–183, 186 214–216 Congress for the New Urbanism ownership, multiple, 118. see also mul- Plater-Zyberk, Elizabeth, 5, 99–100, Moore, Charles, 111 New York. see also Levittown tiple parcel, retrofi tting 143–144, 147–149, 196 Morningside Heights (Manhattan Island, Buffalo, 75 Plaza Lofts Twenty-Two condominiums New York), 7, 157, 1-1, 8-3 Cross County Mall, 113, 6-5 P (University Town Center, Hyatts- morphological analysis General Foods complex, 205 Palo Alto (California), 204 vile, Maryland), 228–229, 12-11 Belmar, 162–166, 8-7–8-9 Manhattan Island, 7–8 panhandling, 171 plazas of Colerain Avenue, 64 Morningside Heights, 7, 157 parcel size, 5–6 Belmar, 169–170, CP37 Downtown Kendall/Dadeland, Nassau Hub, 187–188, 9-12 Paris (France), 81 University Town Center, 224, 12-5, 198–200, 10-7–10-9 Ocean Parkway, 81–82, 4-19 Park Forest (Illinois) CP51 Mashpee Commons, 102–104, Tri-State Metropolitan New York attempts to resuscitate, 121 Pleasanton (California), 189, 206 5-5–5-7 Region, 18–19 diversity policy blind spots, 20–21 overview, 45 New York Times, The, 68, 78 demographic, 46–51, 3-3 polycentric regions, 10, 13, 207–209, University Town Center, 225–228, Nicolaides, Becky, 16–17 housing, 55 231 12-7–12-9 Nobel, Philip, 80 downsizing malls, 119–122, 6-8–6-9 population growth, 18–19, 230 motels, 63 nonfamily households, 18 market devaluation, 32–34, Post Properties, 181–182 “Mother/Daughter Use” permits, 25 NORCs (Naturally Occurring Retirement 2-14–2-15 postwar suburbs, 8, 17, 23–24 multifamily housing, 34, 53–54, 57, 145 Communities), 51 pedestrian malls, 112–113, 6-4 potential market analysis, 144–145 multiple parcel, retrofi tting, 5, 177, Norquist, John, 109 public space in, 56–57 poverty, 9 187–191, 193-197, 208. North Carolina, 35 redevelopment, 51–54, 3-7, 3-9 power centers, 61, 150 multiway boulevards, 81–82, 84–87 Northgate Mall, 113 Parker, Jay, 222, 228 Powers, Terri, 151

INDEX 253 preemptive retrofi tting, 76 REITs (real estate investment trusts), 65, 230–231 suburbia Preferred Real Estate Investments (PREI), 115–116 challenges of demographic changes in, 18–20 216–217 remodeling, house, 23–26, 53 banal buildings, 14 revised history of, 17–18 price point, 23 renewable energy, 160, 233 hurdles, 118 reuse, 9, 70–72, 93–94, 133, 139 Prince George’s County (Maryland), 20, ReNewal Realty, 122 hybridity, 13, 231 rezoning corridors, 87–90 221–222 Repke, Chuck, 74 integration, 5, 10, 56, 93–94 Rock, Mike, 156, 161 private sector strategies, 78–80 repositioning edge cities, 173 instant architecture, 6–9, Rockville (Maryland), 214–216 (PRT) personal rapid transit, 189 repositioning malls, 142–143 NIMBY fear of change, 22, 97, Rofé, Yodan, 81 public art, 224, 12-6 residential buildings 115, 208 Rogers, Susan, 31–32 public improvement fee (PIF), 159 Addison Circle, 182, CP42 transit, 11 rotaries, 100 public sector strategies, 20–22, 75–77, Belmar, 155, 165, 8-10, CP39 commercial strips Rouse Corporation, 142 92 Cloud 9 Sky Flats, 212–213, 11-4 adaptive reuse, 67–72 Route 128 (Boston, Massachusetts), 210, public space Legacy Town Center, 183 building types, 62–66 11-2 Belmar, 166–170, 8-15 Nouvelle at Natick, 143, 7-3 corridors, 81–92 Rowe, Colin, 110 instant, 6–9 Perimeter Place, 183–185, 9-9 history of, 62–66 RTC (Resolution Trust Corporation), 179 “public”, 13, 110 SkySong, 211 shopping centers, 72–81 RTKL Architects, 180–183 role and form of, 138–139 University Town Center, 223, third place theory, 59–62, 105 Rupasingha, Anil, 60 signifi cance of, 110–114 228–229, 12-11, CP51 urban structure of, 92–94 rural-to-urban transect, 36–40, 101, public-private partnerships Upper Rock, 214–216, 11-6 demographic diversity, 35–43 110, 145, 2-17 Addison Circle, 180–182 residential subdivisions edge cities Rusk, David, 23, 51 Belmar, 161 accessory dwelling units, 23–25, 41 evolution of, 177–180 Colorado regional malls, 130, 6-17 culs-de-sac, 25–27 future of, 191 S Cottonwood Mall, 147–148 edge cities, 27 infi lling, 180–187 S&Ls (savings and loans institutions), 179 Downtown Silver Spring, 111, 6-3 fi rst suburbs, 23–25 redirecting, 173–177 safety, walkable design, 175 edge city retrofi ts, 177 overview, 22–23 retrofi ts across multiple parcels, Salt Lake City (Utah). see Cottonwood evaluation of, 6 retrofi ts, 25–27 187–191 Mall Kansas City First Suburbs Coalition, 24 transit-oriented development, 27–29 garden apartments San Diego (California), 72–73 Legacy Town Center, 182–183 resistance to change, 52–54 gentrifi cation infi ll, 34–35 San Francisco (California), 134–136 manifestation, 51–52, 110–114 Resolution Trust Corporation (RTC), 179 immigrants, 30–32 San Francisco Chronicle, 136 Mizner Park, 125 restaurants, 70–71 market devaluation, 32–34 San Jose (California), 78–80 new town centers, 109 Reston (Virginia), 142 overview, 29–30 Sandy Springs (Georgia), 183–185 Surrey Central City, 136–138 retail properties. see also big box; chain housing/parking confi gurations, Santa Fe (New Mexico), 174 Winter Park Village, 128 stores; lifestyle centers; malls; 36–43 Santa Monica (California), 114 pulsing strategy, 85 power centers; shopping centers; policy, 20–22 Santana Row (San Jose, California), Putnam, Robert, 60 strip malls regional malls 78–80, 4-15–4-18 Belmar, 165–167 converting to new downtowns, Satellite Cities: A Study of Industrial Q failure and redevelopment of, 51–52 123–134 Suburbs book, 204 quality, building, 7–8, 14, 128 Legacy Town Center, 183 dead and dying, 114–118 savings and loans institutions (S&Ls), 179 Quality of Life Zoning Codes, 88 Mashpee Commons, 105-107 downsizing, 119–122 Scheer, Brenda Case, 53, 64, 102, 162, Perimeter Place, 185 history of, 112–114 198, 225 R Santana Row, 78-80 infi lling around live, 134–138 Schlosser, Eric, 65 racial bias, 49–51 square footage, 116–117 overview, 108–110 Schnitzer, Kenneth, 27, 178 Ramella, Richard, 86 Temple Terrace, 80-81 role and form of mixed-use and schools, 56, 71–72, 77 ranch houses, 25–26 retirement, 19 public space, 138–139 Scott, Stephen, 182–183 Ratner, Phillip, 224 retrofi tting signifi cance of public space, Seattle (Washington), 24–25, 30 real estate investment trusts (REITs), 65, arguments for 110–114 segregation tax, 49, 51 115–116 demographic change, 4, 16–20, techniques for, 139 Sembler Company, 185 regional centers, 61, 116 35, 230 residential subdivisions senior housing, 43, 54–55 regional malls. see Belmar; Cottonwood community building, 3, 67–72, accessory dwelling units, 23–25 Settle, Stan, Jr., 28–29 Mall; malls 94, 105 culs-de-sac, 25–27 Seventh Avenue (Phoenix, Arizona), 86, regional retail scale comparative dia- creative class, 209–211, 228–229 edge cities, 27 4-23 gram, 117 incremental metropolitanism, fi rst suburbs, 23–25 shared parking formula, 134 regreening, 72–75, 120, 233 9–12, 230–233 overview, 22–23 Shaw, Robert, 180–183 regulations, revision of, 3, 5, 6, 22–25, instant cities, 2–6 transit-oriented development, Shopper’s World (Framingham, Mas- 36, 87–90, 176, 187 sustainability, 3, 10, 12–14, 27–29 sachusetts), 125

254 INDEX shopping centers. see also commercial University Town Center, 225, 228 Swope, Christopher, 158 commuting to offi ce parks, 207 strips; malls Stone, Edward Durell, 220–222 synergy, 109–110, 6-2 Cottonwood Mall, 150 history, 62–66 Storrs, Douglas, 97–99, 101 infi lling edge cities, 180 larger redevelopment proposals, streets T time spent in, 109 80–81 Belmar, 167–169 TAD (tax allocation district), 77 Upper Rock, 216 public sector strategies, 75–77 classifi cation system, 82–83 talent, 209 transect concept, 36–40, 2-17 regreening, 72–75 Cottonwood Mall, 149–150 Target, 60, 64 transit boulevards, 82–84 retrofi ts, 78–81 Downtown Kendall/Dadeland, 196 target market analysis, 144–145 transit systems. see mass transit types of, 61 Perimeter Place, 184–185 tax allocation district (TAD), 77 transit-oriented development (TOD), Shopping Towns USA book, 113 University Town Center, 228 tax-increment fi nancing (TIF), 51–52, 77 27–29, 131 Shops at Legacy (Legacy Town Center, walkable design, 175 taxpayer strips, 62–63, 71, 4-2 Tri-State Metropolitan New York Region, Plano, Texas), 183, 9-8 streetscaping, 9, 86 technoburbs, 172 18–19 sidewalks, 41, 81, 175, 2-13, 9-11 strip corridors, 60–62. see also commer- technology, 209 Trooien, Jerry, 213 sideyard houses, 41 cial strips; corridors technology offi ce parks, 204 troubleshooting, 152 Silicon Valley (California), 210 strip malls, 63, 67-72. see also commer- Temple Terrace (Florida), 80–81, CP12– Tukwila Urban Center (Tukwila, Washing- Silver Spring (Maryland), 63, 111–112, cial strips; Mashpee Commons CP14 ton), 189, 9-13 4-2, 6-3 Stripscape project (Phoenix, Arizona), 86 Ten Principles for Reinventing America’s Twinbrook Commons (Rockville, Mary- Simon Fraser University (Surrey, British structured parking, 160. see also car Suburban Business Districts, book, land), 215 Columbia), 136–137 parking 173 “Two-Family Senior Residence” permits, Simon Properties, 115, 201 student housing, 43 Texas 25 single-family houses, 18–19, 36, 41 subdistricts, 196 Addison Circle, 180–182, 186, Tysons Corner (Virginia), 172, 188, 9-1 SkySong (Phoenix, Arizona), 211 subdivisions. see residential subdivisions 9-4–9-6, CP41–CP43 smart growth suburban demographics. see demo- Dallas, 8 U BellSouth Atlanta Metro Plan, 208 graphic entries Denton Public Library North Branch, UDA (Urban Design Associates), MetroWest, 28–29 suburban form, 3, 6, 102, 171, 221 69, CP4–CP6 190–191 Nassau Hub, 187 suburban morphology. see morphologi- Galleria District, 173 ULI (Urban Land Institute), 85, 109, 116, parcel size, 72 cal analysis Greenway Plaza, 178, 9-3 173, 206 retrofi tting residential subdivisions, 22 suburban myth, 17 Gulfton, 31–32 underperforming asphalt, 4, 210, 232 SmartCode, 36–37, 196 suburban tissues Las Colinas, 176, 9-2 uniformity, 7, 17, 152–153 Smyrna (Georgia), 77 Belmar, 162 Legacy Town Center, 182–183, 186, University Avenue Industrial Park (West- Snapper Creek (Miami-Dade County, defi ned, 53 1-3, 9-7–9-8, 9-11 wood, Massachusetts), 217, CP47 Florida), 195, 197, 10-4–10-5 Downtown Kendall/Dadeland, 198 Woodlands Town Center, 142 University Town Center (Hyattsville, Sobel, Lee, 74 Mashpee Commons, 102 Texas donuts, 42, 2-19 Maryland) social infrastructure, 94 University Town Center, 225–228 Texas Instruments (TI), 216 demographic analysis, 228–229 social retrofi tting, 32 suburban workplace retrofi ts theme centers, 61 infi ll development, 222–224 soft lofts, 43 Cloud 9 Sky Flats, 212–213, 11-4 “third place”, 59–60, 105-107 morphological analysis, 225–228, Solomon E.T.C., 189 overview, 211–212 Third Street Promenade (Santa Monica, 12-7–12-9 Sorkin, Michael, 14 Upper Rock, 214–216, 11-5–11-6 California), 114 overview, 4, 219–222, 12-1–12-6, South Carolina Westwood Station, 4, 217–218, Thorsen, Mark, 151 12-10–12-11, CP49–CP51 Charleston, 76 11-7, CP47–CP48 TI (Texas Instruments), 216 Upper Rock (Rockville, Maryland), Laurel Bay, 25–27, 2-7 suburbia TIF (tax-increment fi nancing), 51–52, 77 214–216, 11-5–11-6 Southdale Center, 113 demographic changes in, 18–20 time and value gap, 118 Uptown District (San Diego, California), spadominiums, 212 revised history of, 17–18 tissues. see campus tissues; elastic tis- 72–73, 4-9–4-10 sprawl, 10, 176 Sugrue, Thomas, 17 sues; static tissues Urban Design Associates (UDA), St. Paul (Minnesota), 72–75 Sunny Brook Meadows (Atlanta, Geor- TOD (transit-oriented development), 190–191 stacked fl ats, 42 gia), 27 27–29, 131 Urban Design Center (Miami-Dade stacked maisonettes, 42 Suozzi, Tom, 187 tolerance, 209–210 County, Florida), 196–197 Stanford Industrial Park (Palo Alto, Cali- superregional centers, 61, 113, 116 Toll Brothers, 217 urban fabric, 7, 18, 23, 189 fornia), 204 supply-and-demand analysis, 145 Torti Gallas and Partners, 36–40, 80–81 urban form, 2, 107, 175 Starbucks, 60 Surrey Central City (Surrey, British Towers apartment building (Prince Urban Land Institute (ULI), 85, 109, 116, static tissues Columbia), 136–138, 6-24–6-26, George’s County, Maryland), 223, 173, 206 Belmar, 162–163 CP27–CP29 228–229 urban morphology. see morphological defi ned, 53 sustainability, 12–14, 160, 230–231 town centers, 108–109 analysis Downtown Kendall/Dadeland, 198 sustainable urbanism, 3–5, 20 townhouses, 41 Urban Network system, 82–84 Mashpee Commons, 102 Sweetnam, Jan, 78 traffi c urban sprawl, 176

INDEX 255 urban-to-rural transect, see rural-to Reston, 142 Washington DC Metrorail, 11–12, 27-29, Winter Park Village (Winter Park, urban-transect Tysons Corner, 172, 188, 9-1 188, 221-222, 227, 1-4 Florida), 123, 126–129, 157, urbanism, walkable, 109, 174-175 vision plans, 139 Washington Post, 221 6-14–6-16, 8-3 U.S. Department of Commerce, 204 VMT (vehicle miles traveled) reduction, wastewater facilities, 99 Wisconsin, 48 U.S. Route 27 (Ohio), 64 3–4, 232. see also internal trip Westminster Mall (Westminster, Colo- Woodlands Town Center (Houston), USA Today, 183 capture rado), 129–130 142 Utah. see Cottonwood Mall Westwood Station (Westwood, Mas- Woodstock (Georgia), 69 W sachusetts), 4, 217–218, 11-7, working artists, 229 V walkability CP47–CP48 worship, places of, 68–69 Vallejo (California), 119–120 characteristics, 175 wetland restoration, 73–75 value walkable communities, 58 White Plains (New York), 205 Y house, 49–51, 3-4, 3-8 walkable urbanism, 109, 174–175 Whole Foods, 35, 60 Yonkers (New York), 113 mall, 118 Wall Street Journal, 183 Whyte, William, 32–33, 47, 211–212 “You Have to Pay for the Public Life” Van Meter Williams Pollack Architects, Wal-Mart width, road, 83 article, 111 165 CityCenter Englewood, 133–134, 6-22 Wilde and Emhart Manufacturing vehicle miles traveled (VMT) reduction, effect on neighborhood, 60 Research Buildings (Bloomfi eld, Z 3–4, 232. see also internal trip expansion of, 64–65 Connecticut), 205 Zimmerman/Volk Associates (ZVA), capture reuse of vacant stores, 3, 66–69 Williamson, Kurt, 213 vertical mixed use, 110 Walnut Creek (San Francisco, California), Willingboro, New Jersey 144–145, 190 Vickers, Craig, 170 134–136 demographic diversity, 46–51 zoning. see regulations, revision of Villa Italia mall (Lakewood, Colorado), Wang, Charles, 187 diversifi cation of housing, 54 Cottonwood Mall, 151 157–159, 8-4, CP35 Ward, Alan, 149 downsizing malls, 122, 6-10 Downtown Kendall/Dadeland, 193, Village Creek (Brooklyn Park, Minnesota), Ward, David, 182 public library, 57 196–197, CP44 76–77, 4-14 warehouse-style stores, 66. see also big- redevelopment of retail property, 52 Mashpee Commons, 98–99, 101 Virginia box stores school, 56 pattern of apartment complex as Colombia Pike, 90–93, 4-30 Washington Windjammer (College Park, Georgia), buffer, 30 Fairfax, 27–29 Licton Springs, 25, 2-5 30–31 in postwar suburbs, 56 Hampton, 190–191 Seattle, 24–25, 30 Winter Park Community Development revision of, 22–24 MetroWest, 27–29, 2-8, CP1–CP3 Tukwila Urban Center, 189, 9-13 Agency (CDA), 126 Westwood, Massachusetts, 217

256 INDEX