100 Families That Changed the World
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JOSEP TÀPIES • ELENA SAN ROMÁN • ÁGUEDA GIL LÓPEZ 100 FAMILIES THAT CHANGED THE WORLD Family Businesses and Industrialization “If there is one quality that centenarian firms have in common, it is that they have known how to adapt to the many circumstances and challenges they have been faced with. Family businesses are usua- lly managed with a long-term vision, and there can be no doubt that the companies featured in this book provide a clear example of how to achieve this.” José María Serra, chairman of Grupo Catalana Occidente “This book is an effective tool for better understanding the manage- rial and industrial development of family businesses. This is undoub- tedly an objective approach that allows the reader to learn about the key factors that, in each case, have been fundamental to the suc- cess of centenarian companies. Moreover, it is a work of study and analysis that reveals the best practices of each company in an effort to keep its activity going throughout the years.” Tomás Osborne, chairman of the Osborne Group 100 Families That Changed the World Family Businesses and Industrialization Josep Tàpies, Águeda Gil, Elena San Román All rights reserved. Total or partial reproduction of this work by any means or process, including photocopying and computer processing, and distribution of copies released by rental or public lending is strictly prohibited without written permission from the copyright holders, under penalty of law. First edition: May 2014 © Josep Tàpies, Águeda Gil, Elena San Román, 2014 © Jesús Serra Foundation English translation: February 2016 © Josep Tàpies, Águeda Gil, Elena San Román, 2016 © Jesús Serra Foundation The research project behind this book and its publication were sponsored by the Jesús Serra Foundation (Grupo Catalana Occidente), helping to fulfill its objective of supporting study and research in the field of family business in Spain. Jesús Serra Foundation Avda. Alcalde Barnils, 63 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallès (Barcelona) www.fundacionjesusserra.org ISBN: 978–84–608–5437–1 Legal deposit: B 2560–2016 Design: h2ò comunicació integral Printing: Xerox España S.A.U. English translation and editing: QuickSilver Translations Printed in Spain. Contents Acknowledgments 9 Introduction 11 Objectives and Structure of the Book ..........................12 When Europe Was Bigger Than Asia ...........................12 Researching Success .......................................15 Beyond the Buddenbrooks Effect .............................17 Rethinking Industrialization From the Standpoint of the Family Business.............................19 Businesses by Country Germany Villeroy & Boch. 1748......................................25 Warsteiner Gruppe (Haus Cramer Holding KG). 1753 ..............29 Haniel. 1756 ............................................33 Faber-Castell. 1761 .......................................37 Rothschild Group. 1798 . 41 Bertelsmann. 1835........................................45 Tengelmann Group. 1867...................................51 Fiege Group. 1873 ........................................55 Schaeffler echnologies.T 1883 ...............................59 Boehringer Ingelheim. 1885 .................................63 3 100 Families That Changed the World Robert Bosch. 1886 .......................................67 Oetker Gruppe. 1891 ......................................73 Miele. 1899 .............................................77 HELM. 1900.............................................81 Brose Company. 1908 .....................................85 Austria Riedel. 1756.............................................91 Bene. 1790 .............................................97 Ottakringer Brauerei. 1837.................................101 Swarovski. 1895.........................................105 Belgium D’Ieteren. 1805 .........................................111 Bekaert. 1880 ..........................................115 Denmark Maersk Gruppen. 1904 ...................................121 Spain Miquel y Costas & Miquel (MCM). 1725 .......................127 Osborne Group. 1772 ....................................131 La Farga Group. 1808 ....................................135 Roca Corporación Empresarial. 1830 .........................139 Grupo Ybarra Alimentación. 1842 ...........................143 Editorial Espasa. 1860 ....................................149 Grupo Catalana Occidente. 1864 ............................155 Hijos de Juan de Garay. 1864 ...............................161 Miguel Torres. 1870 ......................................165 Grupo Iberostar. Familia Fluxà. 1877 ..........................169 E. Erhardt y Cía. 1882 ....................................175 4 Contents Sedatex. 1886 ..........................................181 Mahou. 1890...........................................185 García Carrión. 1890 .....................................191 Comsa Emte. 1891.......................................195 Perfumería Gal. 1898 .....................................199 Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas (FCC). 1900 .............205 United States Olde Nourse Farm. 1722 ..................................211 Imperial Sugar. 1843 .....................................215 The New York Times Company. 1851 .........................219 Levi Strauss & Co. 1853 ...................................223 Cargill. 1865 ...........................................227 Campbell Soup Company. 1869 .............................231 Follett Corporation. 1873 ..................................237 Gilbane. 1873 ..........................................241 SC Johnson & Son. 1886 ..................................245 Bechtel Corporation. 1898 .................................249 Cox Enterprises. 1898 ....................................255 Day & Zimmermann. 1901 .................................259 Ford Motor. 1903........................................263 Paccar. 1905 ...........................................269 Mars. 1911 ............................................273 Finland KONE. 1908............................................279 France Wendel. 1704 ..........................................285 Champagne Taittinger. 1734 ...............................289 Banque Jean-Philippe Hottinguer & Cie. 1786...................293 5 100 Families That Changed the World Viellard Migeon. 1796 ....................................297 Peugeot Group. 1810.....................................301 Bolloré. 1822 ...........................................305 Hachette Livre. 1826 .....................................309 Hermès. 1837 ..........................................315 Groupe Louis Dreyfus. 1851 ................................319 Groupe Bel. 1865........................................323 Michelin. 1889..........................................327 L’Oréal. 1909 ...........................................333 Netherlands C&A. 1841.............................................339 Heineken. 1864 . 343 SHV. 1896 .............................................347 Italy Amarelli Fabbrica di Liquirizia. 1731 ..........................353 Fratelli Piacenza. 1733 ....................................357 Fonderia Campane Daciano Colbachini e Figli. 1745 ..............361 Giobatta & Piero Garbellotto. 1775...........................365 Falck Group. 1833 .......................................369 Italcementi. 1864 ........................................373 Barilla Group. 1877 ......................................377 Bulgari. 1884 ...........................................381 Luigi Lavazza. 1895 ......................................385 Fiat. 1899 .............................................389 Arnoldo Mondadori Editore. 1907 ...........................395 Portugal Espírito Santo Financial Group. 1869 .........................403 Amorim Group. 1870.....................................407 6 Contents United Kingdom Hainsworth Cloth. 1783 ...................................413 Boodles. 1798 ..........................................417 Bibby Line Group. 1807 ...................................421 James Purdey and Sons. 1814...............................425 Swire Group. 1816.......................................429 Schroders. 1818.........................................433 C & J Clark. 1825........................................437 Willmott Dixon. 1852.....................................441 J Sainsbury. 1869 ........................................445 George Bateman and Son. 1874.............................449 HJ Sock Group. 1882 .....................................453 Daily Mail and General Trust. 1896 ...........................457 Sweden Bonnier. 1804 ..........................................463 Switzerland Lombard Odier & Cie. 1796 ................................471 Le Petit-Fils de L.-U. Chopard & Cie. 1860......................475 Victorinox. 1884 ........................................479 Roche. 1896 ...........................................483 Epilogue: A Brief Reflection 487 References Cited 499 7 Acknowledgments The adventure of writing a book, no matter how modest, leads to the accu- mulation of debts of gratitude. We would first like to thank Professor Salvador Rus. His interest in family businesses prompted him to create an initial collec- tion of long-standing family companies, which then became the seed this book stemmed from. Our thanks also go to Mónica Pérez Jiménez and Teresa Mateo, whose efficient and diligent collaboration helped ripen these pages. In addition to the abovementioned, we have had the opportunity to discuss the development and unfolding of the present pages