January 11, 2011 u vol. 108 u no. 2 u 435–888

Cover image: Pictured are color patterns, called wing interference patterns, on the trans- parent wings of the parasitic wasp Closterocerus coffeellae (above) and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (below). Ekaterina Shevtsova et al. report that the insects’ diaphanous wings display vivid color patterns produced by a phenomenon called thin film interference. The manner in which the insects display their wings against various backgrounds determines the visibility of the patterns, suggesting that the patterns play an important role in visual signaling among insects. See the article by Shevtsova et al. on pages 668–673. Image courtesy of Ekaterina Shevtsova and Jostein Kjærandsen. From the Cover

668 Kaleidoscope on wings 574 Congenital cataracts and protein charge 656 High-altitude plant colonization 662 North American bumblebee decline 686 Homologous recombination and cancer

441 Who’s who in human recombination: BRCA2 and RAD52 Contents Jie Liu and Wolf-Dietrich Heyer See companion article on page 686

THIS WEEK IN PNAS PROFILE

435 In This Issue 443 Profile of Anthony R. Cashmore Prashant Nair See Inaugural Article on page 4499 in issue 10 of volume 107 LETTERS (ONLINE ONLY)

E5 Lamprey endocrinology is not ancestral Joseph W. Thornton and Sean M. Carroll PHYSICAL SCIENCES E6 Reply to Thornton and Carroll: Lamprey possess a highly APPLIED MATHEMATICS specific corticosteroid signaling system David A. Close, Sang-Seon Yun, and Stephen D. McCormick 446 Statistical method for revealing form-function relations in biological networks Andrew Mugler, Boris Grinshpun, Riley Franks, and Chris H. Wiggins COMMENTARIES

CHEMISTRY 437 Blind attraction: The mechanism of an inherited 452 Formation of benzene in the interstellar medium congenital cataract Brant M. Jones, Fangtong Zhang, Ralf I. Kaiser, Neer Asherie See companion article on page 574 Adeel Jamal, Alexander M. Mebel, Martin A. Cordiner, and Steven B. Charnley 439 Colonization of high altitudes by alien plants over 557 Electron microscopy studies on the quaternary structure the last two centuries of p53 reveal different binding modes for p53 tetramers Petr Pyšek, Vojtech Jarošík, Jan Pergl, and Jan Wild in complex with DNA See companion article on page 656 Roberto Melero, Sridharan Rajagopalan, Melisa Lázaro, Andreas C. Joerger, Tobias Brandt, Dmitry B. Veprintsev, Gorka Lasso, David Gil, Sjors H. W. Scheres, José María Free online through the PNAS open access option. Carazo, Alan R. Fersht, and Mikel Valle

PNAS u January 11, 2011 u vol. 108 u no. 2 u iii–vii Downloaded by guest on September 29, 2021 563 A single-molecule characterization of p53 search on DNA BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Anahita Tafvizi, Fang Huang, Alan R. Fersht, Leonid A. Mirny, and Antoine M. van Oijen ANTHROPOLOGY 569 Folding of the Pit1 homeodomain near the speed limit 486 Microfossils in calculus demonstrate consumption Wiktor Banachewicz, Christopher M. Johnson, of plants and cooked foods in Neanderthal diets and Alan R. Fersht (Shanidar III, Iraq; Spy I and II, Belgium) Amanda G. Henry, Alison S. Brooks, and Dolores R. Piperno

GEOLOGY APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 458 Ancient watercourses and biogeography of the Sahara explain the peopling of the desert 492 Disease allele-dependent small-molecule sensitivities in Nick A. Drake, Roger M. Blench, Simon J. Armitage, blood cells from monogenic diabetes Charlie S. Bristow, and Kevin H. White Stanley Y. Shaw, David M. Blodgett, Maggie S. Ma, Elizabeth C. Westly, Paul A. Clemons, Aravind 463 Coesite and stishovite in a shocked lunar meteorite, Subramanian, and Stuart L. Schreiber Asuka-881757, and impact events in lunar surface 498 Structure-guided reprogramming of serine recombinase E. Ohtani, S. Ozawa, M. Miyahara, Y. Ito, T. Mikouchi, DNA sequence specificity M. Kimura, T. Arai, K. Sato, and K. Hiraga Thomas Gaj, Andrew C. Mercer, Charles A. Gersbach, Russell M. Gordley, and Carlos F. Barbas III

MATHEMATICS 504 Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae capable of simultaneous cellobiose and xylose fermentation 467 Determination of second-order elliptic operators Suk-Jin Ha, Jonathan M. Galazka, Soo Rin Kim, Jin-Ho Choi, in two dimensions from partial Cauchy data Xiaomin Yang, Jin-Ho Seo, N. Louise Glass, Oleg Y. Imanuvilov, Gunther Uhlmann, Jamie H. D. Cate, and Yong-Su Jin and Masahiro Yamamoto 473 Congruences for the Andrews spt function BIOCHEMISTRY Ken Ono 510 Dioxygenases in Burkholderia ambifaria and Yersinia pestis that hydroxylate the outer Kdo unit PHYSICS of lipopolysaccharide Hak Suk Chung and Christian R. H. Raetz 668 Stable structural color patterns displayed on transparent insect wings 516 Reaction mechanism of Drosophila cryptochrome Ekaterina Shevtsova, Christer Hansson, Daniel H. Janzen, Nuri Ozturk, Christopher P. Selby, Yunus Annayev, and Jostein Kjærandsen Dongping Zhong, and Aziz Sancar

882 Finding undetected protein associations in cell signaling 522 miR-29 and miR-30 regulate B-Myb expression during by belief propagation cellular senescence M. Bailly-Bechet, C. Borgs, A. Braunstein, J. Chayes, Ivan Martinez, Demian Cazalla, Laura L. Almstead, A. Dagkessamanskaia, J.-M. François, and R. Zecchina Joan A. Steitz, and Daniel DiMaio 528 The Pim protein kinases regulate energy metabolism and cell growth Zanna Beharry, Sandeep Mahajan, Marina Zemskova, Ying-Wei Lin, Baby G. Tholanikunnel, Zuping Xia, SOCIAL SCIENCES Charles D. Smith, and Andrew S. Kraft 534 Hexagonal assembly of a restricting TRIM5α protein ANTHROPOLOGY Barbie K. Ganser-Pornillos, Viswanathan Chandrasekaran, Owen Pornillos, Joseph G. Sodroski, Wesley I. Sundquist, 486 Microfossils in calculus demonstrate consumption and Mark Yeager of plants and cooked foods in Neanderthal diets (Shanidar III, Iraq; Spy I and II, Belgium) 540 Methylation of histone H3 lysine 36 enhances DNA repair Amanda G. Henry, Alison S. Brooks, and Dolores R. Piperno by nonhomologous end-joining Sheema Fnu, Elizabeth A. Williamson, Leyma P. De Haro, Mark Brenneman, Justin Wray, Montaser Shaheen, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES Krishnan Radhakrishnan, Suk-Hee Lee, Jac A. Nickoloff, and Robert Hromas 477 Distortions of mind perception in psychopathology Kurt Gray, Adrianna C. Jenkins, Andrea S. Heberlein, 546 RNA polymerase and transcription elongation factor and Daniel M. Wegner Spt4/5 complex structure Brianna J. Klein, Daniel Bose, Kevin J. Baker, Zahirah M. Yusoff, Xiaodong Zhang, and Katsuhiko S. Murakami SOCIAL SCIENCES 551 Flotillins play an essential role in Niemann-Pick C1-like 480 Adapting North American wheat production 1-mediated cholesterol uptake to climatic challenges, 1839–2009 Liang Ge, Wei Qi, Li-Juan Wang, Hong-Hua Miao, Alan L. Olmstead and Paul W. Rhode Yu-Xiu Qu, Bo-Liang Li, and Bao-Liang Song

iv u www.pnas.org Downloaded by guest on September 29, 2021 BIOPHYSICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY 621 Sorting receptor Rer1 controls surface expression of 557 Electron microscopy studies on the quaternary structure muscle acetylcholine receptors by ER retention of α of p53 reveal different binding modes for p53 tetramers unassembled -subunits in complex with DNA Christina Valkova, Marina Albrizio, Ira V. Röder, Roberto Melero, Sridharan Rajagopalan, Melisa Lázaro, Michael Schwake, Romeo Betto, Rüdiger Rudolf, Andreas C. Joerger, Tobias Brandt, Dmitry B. Veprintsev, and Christoph Kaether Gorka Lasso, David Gil, Sjors H. W. Scheres, José María 626 Protease activated receptor-1 inhibits the Maspin Carazo, Alan R. Fersht, and Mikel Valle tumor-suppressor gene to determine the melanoma 563 A single-molecule characterization of p53 search on DNA metastatic phenotype Anahita Tafvizi, Fang Huang, Alan R. Fersht, Gabriel J. Villares, Maya Zigler, Andrey S. Dobroff, Leonid A. Mirny, and Antoine M. van Oijen Hua Wang, Renduo Song, Vladislava O. Melnikova, Li Huang, Russell R. Braeuer, and Menashe Bar-Eli 569 Folding of the Pit1 homeodomain near the speed limit – Wiktor Banachewicz, Christopher M. Johnson, 632 Egr1 mediates p53-independent c-Myc induced and Alan R. Fersht apoptosis via a noncanonical ARF-dependent transcriptional mechanism 574 Cataract-associated mutant E107A of human David N. Boone, Ying Qi, Zhaoliang Li, γD-crystallin shows increased attraction to and Stephen R. Hann α-crystallin and enhanced light scattering Priya R. Banerjee, Ajay Pande, Julita Patrosz, George M. Thurston, and Jayanti Pande DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY See Commentary on page 437 638 Heterodimer of two bHLH-PAS proteins mediates 580 N-terminal domain of human Hsp90 triggers binding to juvenile hormone-induced gene expression the cochaperone p23 Meng Li, Edward A. Mead, and Jinsong Zhu G. Elif Karagöz, Afonso M. S. Duarte, Hans Ippel, Charlotte 644 Na,K-ATPase α4 isoform is essential for sperm fertility Uetrecht, Tessa Sinnige, Martijn van Rosmalen, Jens Hausmann, Albert J. R. Heck, Rolf Boelens, Tamara Jimenez, Jeffrey P. McDermott, Gladis Sánchez, and Stefan G. D. Rüdiger and Gustavo Blanco

586 Using mechanobiological mimicry of red blood cells to 650 Phosphorylation of Grainy head by ERK is essential extend circulation times of hydrogel microparticles for wound-dependent regeneration but not Timothy J. Merkel, Stephen W. Jones, Kevin P. Herlihy, for development of an epidermal barrier Farrell R. Kersey, Adam R. Shields, Mary Napier, Myungjin Kim and William McGinnis J. Christopher Luft, Huali Wu, William C. Zamboni, Andrew Z. Wang, James E. Bear, and Joseph M. DeSimone ECOLOGY 592 Structural studies of ion permeation and Ca2+ blockage 656 Assembly of nonnative floras along elevational of a bacterial channel mimicking the cyclic gradients explained by directional ecological filtering nucleotide-gated channel pore Jake M. Alexander, Christoph Kueffer, Curtis C. Daehler, Mehabaw G. Derebe, Weizhong Zeng, Yang Li, Peter J. Edwards, Aníbal Pauchard, Tim Seipel, Amer Alam, and Youxing Jiang and MIREN Consortium 598 Tuning the ion selectivity of tetrameric cation channels See Commentary on page 439 by changing the number of ion binding sites 662 Patterns of widespread decline in North American Mehabaw G. Derebe, David B. Sauer, Weizhong Zeng, bumble bees Amer Alam, Ning Shi, and Youxing Jiang Sydney A. Cameron, Jeffrey D. Lozier, James P. Strange, 603 Nonspecific binding limits the number of proteins in Jonathan B. Koch, Nils Cordes, Leellen F. Solter, a cell and shapes their interaction networks and Terry L. Griswold Margaret E. Johnson and Gerhard Hummer

609 Cytoplasmic cAMP-sensing domain of hyperpolarization- EVOLUTION activated cation (HCN) channels uses two structurally 668 Stable structural color patterns displayed on transparent distinct mechanisms to regulate voltage gating insect wings Nadine L. Wicks, Tammy Wong, Jinyi Sun, Ekaterina Shevtsova, Christer Hansson, Daniel H. Janzen, Zarina Madden, and Edgar C. Young and Jostein Kjærandsen

674 Causes of lifetime fitness of Darwin’s finches in a fluctuating environment CELL BIOLOGY Peter R. Grant and B. Rosemary Grant 615 Adaptin-like protein TPLATE and clathrin recruitment 680 Misfolded proteins impose a dosage-dependent fitness during plant somatic cytokinesis occurs via two cost and trigger a cytosolic unfolded protein response distinct pathways in yeast Daniël Van Damme, Astrid Gadeyne, Marleen Vanstraelen, Kerry A. Geiler-Samerotte, Michael F. Dion, Bogdan A. Dirk Inzé, Marc C. E. Van Montagu, Geert De Jaeger, Budnik, Stephanie M. Wang, Daniel L. Hartl, Eugenia Russinova, and Danny Geelen and D. Allan Drummond

PNAS u January 11, 2011 u vol. 108 u no. 2 u v Downloaded by guest on September 29, 2021 GENETICS 745 Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of siRNA targeting 686 Rad52 inactivation is synthetically lethal with Parp1 extends survival of mice bearing tumors derived fi BRCA2 deficiency from Brca1-de cient ovarian cancer cells Zhihui Feng, Shaun P. Scott, Wendy Bussen, Girdhar G. Michael S. Goldberg, Deyin Xing, Yin Ren, Sandra Orsulic, Sharma, Gongshe Guo, Tej K. Pandita, and Simon N. Powell Sangeeta N. Bhatia, and Phillip A. Sharp See Commentary on page 441 751 FTY720 (fingolimod) efficacy in an animal model of 692 Topoisomerase 1 provokes the formation of short multiple sclerosis requires astrocyte sphingosine deletions in repeated sequences upon high 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) modulation transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ji Woong Choi, Shannon E. Gardell, Deron R. Herr, Richard Tomio Takahashi, Guenaelle Burguiere-Slezak, Rivera, Chang-Wook Lee, Kyoko Noguchi, Siew Teng Teo, Patricia Auffret Van der Kemp, and Serge Boiteux Yun C. Yung, Melissa Lu, Grace Kennedy, and Jerold Chun

698 Role for topoisomerase 1 in transcription-associated 757 Vaccination inducing broad and improved cross mutagenesis in yeast protection against multiple subtypes of Malcolm J. Lippert, Nayun Kim, Jang-Eun Cho, Ryan P. influenza A virus Larson, Nathan E. Schoenly, Shannon H. O’Shea, Jae-Min Song, Nico Van Rooijen, Jadranka Bozja, and Sue Jinks-Robertson Richard W. Compans, and Sang-Moo Kang

704 E2f binding-deficient Rb1 protein suppresses prostate 762 Biglycan recruits utrophin to the sarcolemma and tumor progression in vivo counters dystrophic pathology in mdx mice Huifang Sun, Yanqing Wang, Meenalakshmi Chinnam, Alison R. Amenta, Atilgan Yilmaz, Sasha Bogdanovich, Xiaojing Zhang, Simon W. Hayward, Barbara A. Foster, Beth A. McKechnie, Mehrdad Abedi, Tejvir S. Khurana, Alexander Y. Nikitin, Marcia Wills, and David W. Goodrich and Justin R. Fallon

768 Ovariectomy disregulates osteoblast and osteoclast IMMUNOLOGY formation through the T-cell receptor CD40 ligand Jau-Yi Li, Hesham Tawfeek, Brahmchetna Bedi, Xiaoying 710 B cell homeostasis and plasma cell homing controlled by Yang, Jonathan Adams, Kristy Y. Gao, Majd Zayzafoon, Krüppel-like factor 2 M. Neale Weitzmann, and Roberto Pacifici Rebecca Winkelmann, Lena Sandrock, Martina Porstner, Edith Roth, Martina Mathews, Elias Hobeika, Michael Reth, 774 Stromal retinoic acid receptor β promotes mammary Mark L. Kahn, Wolfgang Schuh, and Hans-Martin Jäck gland tumorigenesis Xingxing Liu, Mélanie Nugoli, Julie Laferrière, Sadiq M. 716 Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) regulates B-cell reactivity, Saleh, Ian G. Rodrigue-Gervais, Maya Saleh, Morag Park, subset differentiation, and trafficking Michael T. Hallett, William J. Muller, and Vincent Giguère molecule expression Geoffrey T. Hart, Xiaodan Wang, Kristin A. Hogquist, 780 Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 and cyclin D1 and Stephen C. Jameson compose a positive feedback loop contributing 722 Vitamin A-dependent transcriptional activation of the to tumor growth in gastric cancer nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) is critical Yoku Hayakawa, Yoshihiro Hirata, Hayato Nakagawa, Kei for the development and survival of B1 cells Sakamoto, Yohko Hikiba, Hiroto Kinoshita, Wachiko Nakata, Mikako Maruya, Keiichiro Suzuki, Hanae Fujimoto, Michio Ryota Takahashi, Keisuke Tateishi, Motohisa Tada, Masao Miyajima, Osami Kanagawa, Teruhiko Wakayama, Akanuma, Haruhiko Yoshida, Kohsuke Takeda, Hidenori and Sidonia Fagarasan Ichijo, Masao Omata, Shin Maeda, and Kazuhiko Koike

728 Revisiting human natural killer cell subset function 786 Expression and functional role of a transcribed revealed cytolytic CD56dimCD16+ NK cells as rapid noncoding RNA with an ultraconserved element producers of abundant IFN-γ on activation in hepatocellular carcinoma Andrea De Maria, Federica Bozzano, Claudia Cantoni, Chiara Braconi, Nicola Valeri, Takayuki Kogure, Pierluigi and Lorenzo Moretta Gasparini, Nianyuan Huang, Gerard J. Nuovo, Luigi Terracciano, Carlo M. Croce, and Tushar Patel 733 Targeting membrane heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) on tumors by cmHsp70.1 antibody Stefan Stangl, Mathias Gehrmann, Julia Riegger, Kristin MICROBIOLOGY Kuhs, Isabelle Riederer, Wolfgang Sievert, Kathrin Hube, Ralph Mocikat, Ralf Dressel, Elisabeth Kremmer, Alan G. 792 Transcription termination maintains Pockley, Lars Friedrich, Laszlo Vigh, Arne Skerra, chromosome integrity and Gabriele Multhoff Robert S. Washburn and Max E. Gottesman 798 Holin triggering in real time Rebecca White, Shinobu Chiba, Ting Pang, Jill S. Dewey, MEDICAL SCIENCES Christos G. Savva, Andreas Holzenburg, Kit Pogliano, 739 Pre- and postexposure protection against virulent and Ry Young anthrax infection in mice by humanized monoclonal antibodies to Bacillus anthracis capsule 804 Mechanism of tripartite RNA genome packaging in Zhaochun Chen, Rachel Schneerson, Julie Lovchik, C. Rick Rift Valley fever virus Lyons, Huaying Zhao, Zhongdong Dai, Joanna Kubler-Kielb, Kaori Terasaki, Shin Murakami, Kumari G. Lokugamage, Stephen H. Leppla, and Robert H. Purcell and Shinji Makino

vi u www.pnas.org Downloaded by guest on September 29, 2021 810 Vibriocholerae anaerobic induction of virulence gene 852 Trk retrograde signaling requires persistent, expression is controlled by thiol-based switches of Pincher-directed endosomes virulence regulator AphB Polyxeni Philippidou, Gregorio Valdez, Wendy Akmentin, Zhi Liu, Menghua Yang, Gregory L. Peterfreund, Amy M. William J. Bowers, Howard J. Federoff, and Simon Halegoua Tsou, Nur Selamoglu, Fevzi Daldal, Zengtao Zhong, Biao Kan, and Jun Zhu PHYSIOLOGY 858 Identification of a gain-of-function mutation in a 2+ NEUROSCIENCE Golgi P-type ATPase that enhances Mn efflux and protects against toxicity 816 Arc-dependent synapse-specific homeostatic plasticity Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay and Adam D. Linstedt Jean-Claude Béïque, Youn Na, Dietmar Kuhl, Paul F. Worley, and Richard L. Huganir PLANT BIOLOGY 822 Unitary response of mouse olfactory receptor neurons + Yair Ben-Chaim, Melody M. Cheng, and King-Wai Yau 864 Potassium (K ) gradients serve as a mobile energy source in plant vascular tissues 2+ 828 β Ca /CaM-dependent kinase type II triggers Pawel Gajdanowicz, Erwan Michard, Michael Sandmann, upregulation of GluA1 to coordinate adaptation to Marcio Rocha, Luiz Gustavo Guedes Corrêa, Santiago J. synaptic inactivity in hippocampal neurons Ramírez-Aguilar, Judith L. Gomez-Porras, Wendy González, Rachel D. Groth, Maria Lindskog, Tara C. Thiagarajan, Jean-Baptiste Thibaud, Joost T. van Dongen, Li Li, and Richard W. Tsien and Ingo Dreyer 834 Behavioral consequences of dopamine deficiency in the 870 Conserved endoplasmic reticulum-associated Drosophila central nervous system degradation system to eliminate mutated Thomas Riemensperger, Guillaume Isabel, Hélène Coulom, receptor-like kinases in Arabidopsis Kirsa Neuser, Laurent Seugnet, Kazuhiko Kume, Magali Wei Su, Yidan Liu, Yang Xia, Zhi Hong, and Jianming Li Iché-Torres, Marlène Cassar, Roland Strauss, Thomas Preat, Jay Hirsh, and Serge Birman PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES 840 Enhanced striatal cholinergic neuronal activity mediates 876 Illusory motion perception in blindsight L-DOPA–induced dyskinesia in parkinsonian mice Paul Azzopardi and Howard S. Hock Yunmin Ding, Lisa Won, Jonathan P. Britt, Sean Austin O. Lim, Daniel S. McGehee, and Un Jung Kang SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 846 Critical role of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in astrocytic Ca2+ signaling events elicited by cerebral edema 882 Finding undetected protein associations in cell signaling Alexander S. Thrane, Phillip M. Rappold, Takumi Fujita, by belief propagation Arnulfo Torres, Lane K. Bekar, Takahiro Takano, Weiguo M. Bailly-Bechet, C. Borgs, A. Braunstein, J. Chayes, Peng, Fushun Wang, Vinita Rangroo Thrane, Rune Enger, A. Dagkessamanskaia, J.-M. François, and R. Zecchina Nadia N. Haj-Yasein, Øivind Skare, Torgeir Holen, Arne Klungland, Ole P. Ottersen, Maiken Nedergaard, and Erlend A. Nagelhus ix Subscription Form

PNAS u January 11, 2011 u vol. 108 u no. 2 u vii Downloaded by guest on September 29, 2021