Transformasi Gerakan Aceh Merdeka : Dari Kotak Peluru Ke Kotak Suara

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Transformasi Gerakan Aceh Merdeka : Dari Kotak Peluru Ke Kotak Suara LELAKI itu berpenampilan cukup gaya. Kaos hitam berkerah dengan lambang kodok di bagian saku. Sepatu olah raga. Celana jins. Kulitnya putih. Tubuhnya agak TRANSFORMASI gemuk. Meski tidak sedang sedih, raut wajahnya seperti orang sedih. Nama lahirnya, (GAM) ACEH MERDEKA GERAKAN Muhammad Sukri bin Sulaiman. Tapi dia lebih dikenal dengan nama julukannya dalam TRANSFORMASI Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM): Tengku Diladang. Dia dulu panglima pasukan GAM di wilayah Singkil, Aceh Selatan. GERAKAN ACEH MERDEKA Dia gemar menulis puisi. Di sela-sela percakapan kami, dia kadang melafal bait- bait puisinya. Bersama dia siang itu ada dua lelaki, Herman Jal alias Tengku Man dan Juanda alias Tengku Anwar Amin. Tengku Man tidak banyak bicara dan kadang tersenyum mendengar apa yang dilontarkan Tengku Diladang. Namun, Tengku Anwar berkali-kali menimpali percakapan kami. Suaranya keras, kulitnya hitam dan wajahnya mengesankan ekspresi orang yang selalu marah. Dia tidak terima para bekas panglimanya disamakan dengan bekas panglima perang Timor Leste, Xanana Gusmao. Xanana yang dulu jadi simbol perlawanan rakyat Timor Leste ternyata menciptakan pemerintahan yang korup ketika memimpin negara itu sebagai Presiden. Dari Kotak Peluru ke Kotak Suara Mereka bertiga mendapat tugas jaga di rumah Hasan Tiro di Banda Aceh, tapi Suara Kotak ke Peluru Dari Kotak Sebuah Kisah Sukses Program Transformasi Kombatan di Aceh siang itu mereka tengah beristirahat. Tiro baru saja pulang berobat dari Malaysia. Tiga Aceh di Kombatan Transformasi Program Sukses Kisah Sebuah bulan kemudian, pada 3 Juni 2010 proklamator GAM yang menderita infeksi jantung, gangguan pernapasan dan leukimia itu wafat di rumah sakit Zainoel Abidin, Banda Aceh. Tengku Diladang membiarkan Tengku Anwar berceloteh, baru kemudian melanjutkan bicara. “Nah, inilah contoh yang belum dapat pelatihan FES (Frederich Ebert Stiftung),” katanya, seraya tersenyum. Demikianlah cuplikan wawancara Linda Christanty dengan Muhammad Sukri bin Sulaiman alias Teungku Diadang. Setelah perjanjian damai ditandatangani di Helsinki, banyak sekali kombatan yang masih meraba-raba arah perdamaian, yang mereka paham selama ini hanyalah senjata dan perang, tak pernah ada pengalaman dalam masa damai. Penulis: Buku ini berkisah tentang proses transformasi kombatan GAM dari berbagai persepektif. Bob Sugeng Hadiwinata Linda Christanty Mangadar Situmorang Pius Prasetyo Saiful Haq Yulius Purwadi Hermawan ISBN: 978-979-1157-25-4 9 789791 157254 Ketika kami tidak memiliki senjata di tangan kami, kami merasa seperti anak ayam tanpa induk semang, tanpa pengalaman (Joni Suryawan, mantan kombatan) Kata Pengantar Direktur FES Indonesia FES dan Komitmen Mendukung Perdamaian dan Demokrasi Proses perdamaian di Aceh tentu sudah dimulai sejak ditandatangani sejak 15 Agustus 2005 di Helsinki. Namun perjanjian damai diatas kertas tentu membutuhkan tindak lanjut yang bersifat praxis. Tak bisa dipungkiri bahwa bencana Tsunami di Aceh menarik perhatian banyak sekali donor internasional di Aceh. Namun hal yang tidak kalah pentingnya adalah kebutuhan dalam hal transformasi mantan kombatan di Aceh. untuk info penerbit Dengan tidak mengesampingkan pentingnya program rekonstruksi pasca Tsunami di Aceh, FES menganggap bahwa dalam situasi pasca konflik, sektor keamanan (security sector) merupakan simbol kuat dari spektrum konflik yang lebih luas. Sektor keamanan tanpa akuntabilitas dan tanggung jawab akan bepengaruh langsung pada pembangunan dalam bentuk polarisasi komunitas, berkontribusi pada kemiskinan, mendistorsi ekonomi, menciptakan instabilitas dan membekukan pembangunan politik. Pada kondisi inilah, reformasi sektor keamanan (Security Sectro Reform/SSR) menjadi sangat penting sebagai bagian dari strategi pembangunan perdamaian (peacebuilding) dan pencegahan konflik (conflict prevention). SSR diharapkan bisa menyediakan kesempatan untuk membuat ‘lompatan bersih’ dari tradisi represif, dan menyediakan lingkungan yang aman dan terjamin yang memberikan tempat dan kesempatan bagi institusi-institusi politik dan ekonomi untuk tumbuh berkembang iii Transformasi Gerakan Aceh Merdeka Untuk mencapai tingkat keamanan yang stabil pasca konflik, maka dibutuhkan proses transformasi kombatan GAM menjadi aktor-aktor demokrasi baru di Aceh. Hal ini didasarkan pula pada poin kesepakatn Helsnki yang memberikan ruang berdirinya Friedrich Ebert Stiftung partai lokal di Aceh. (FES) Tujuan utama dari program ini adalah untuk mendukung upaya ex-combatant untuk mencapai integrasi sosial dan integrasi ekonomi dengan masyarakat lainnya. Setelah program disarmament/decomissioning dan demobilisasi maka program Selama lebih dari 80 tahun, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung telah reintegrasi diharapkan mampu membuat ex-combatant memberikan kontribusi terhadap pembangunan damai dan stabil menemukan kembali pola hidupnya sebagai masyarakat sipil, dan pendalaman pemahaman antara Jerman, Eropa dan Asia. program ini berbasis pada individu ex-combatant termasuk Dampak dari krisis lokal dan regional terhadap situasi global jaminan akan kebutuhan dan keahlian untuk melakukan integrasi merupakan kepentingan dari negara-negara Eropa, termasuk sosial dan ekonomi. Jerman. Dalam hal ini FES tidak punya tendensi untuk Fokus dari kinerja FES di Asia Selatan, Tenggara dan Timur mengkapanyekan ide politik aliran ataupun mendukung partai berpusat pada promosi pembangunan demokratis dan dimensi tertentu. Dalam menjalankan programnya FES sangat konsisten sosial dari pembangunan ekonomi. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, dalam mendukung demokratisasi, kesejahteraan dan kelanjutan dialog internasional telah menjadi semakin penting dalam kinerja perdamaian di Aceh. FES bekerjasama dengan Sekolah Perdamaian FES di kawasan Asia, sama pentingnya dengan dialog antara Asia dan Demokrasi Aceh (SPD-A) dan Aceh Future Institute (AFI) dan Eropa dan di dalam isu-isu pencegahan konflik. dalam menjalankan program transformasi ini. FES sangat percaya Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung memiliki 14 kantor perwakilan di bahwa proses transformasi GAM tidak hanya dengan merubah Asia Selatan, Tenggara dan Timur, dan sebuah kantor perwakilan cara pandang kombatan GAM tapi juga cara pandang kelompok di Singapura untuk menangani isu-isu dalam kawasan. Sejumlah lain diluar GAM. Hanya dengan itulah reintegrasi yang utuh bisa 18 orang pegawai asing dan lebih dari 100 pegawai lokal bekerja dicapai, dan perdamaian di Aceh akan abadi. di sana. Dalam melaksanakan kegiatannya, FES bekerja sama dengan sejumlah lembaga pemerintah, kota, serikat pekerja, partai politik, gerakan sosial, LSM, media dan lembaga-lembaga ilmiah, Jakarta, 12 November 2010 serta organisasi-organisasi internasional. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung mendirikan kantor perwakilan Erwin Schweisshelm Indonesian pada tahun 1968. Terutama sejak 1998, FES Indonesia iv v Transformasi Gerakan Aceh Merdeka telah menjalankan berbagai kegiatan untuk mendukung proses Bakhtiar Abdullah demokratisasi dan pembangunan sosial-ekonomi di Indonesia. Cakupan isu yang kami tangani antara lain ialah demokratisasi, good governance, reformasi di bidang hukum, perlindungan hak azasi manusia, pencegahan dan resolusi konflik, reformasi sektor keamanan, dukungan kepada media yang bebas dan berimbang, serta isu-isu sosial, ketenagakerjaan, dan gender. Perjuangan untuk menegakkan Sejak 2006, FES Indonesia juga ikut dalam proses perdamaian dan marwah bangsa Aceh demokratisasi di Aceh. Kegiatan-kegiatan tersebut dilaksanakan melalui kerjasama dengan instansi pemerintah terkait dan berbagai lembaga swadaya masyarakat. Bentuk kerjasama itu terjalin dalam bentuk seminar, lokakarya, diskusi, pelatihan, dan publikasi. FES Indonesia juga Di hari itu dia tengah menemani dan menjaga Hasan Tiro, mendukung dialog internasional dengan mengirimkan berbagai orang yang dimuliakannya dan disebutnya “paduka tengku”. delegasi, tenaga ahli, akademisi, dan jurnalis senior sebagai Mereka baru saja mengakhiri perjalanan yang melelahkan peserta di forum regional dan internasional. Secara berkalaFES ke luar kota Stockholm. Tiro sedang dalam masa pemulihan juga mengundang ahli-ahli dari Jerman dan negara-negara lain setelah sembuh dari stroke yang dulu. Seorang teman tiba-tiba untuk memberikan presentasi di Indonesia. meneleponnya dan mengabarkan sesuatu telah terjadi di Aceh, lalu memintanya menyalakan televisi. Dia dan Tiro sama-sama Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung menonton siaran itu. Pemandangan yang membuatnya berpikir Indonesia Office bahwa Aceh sudah tak ada lagi. Tsunami menghantam kota dan Jl. Kemang Selatan II No. 2A. Jakarta Selatan 12730 wilayah pesisir Aceh, menenggelamkan daratan dan merenggut Indonesia ribuan jiwa. Tel. +62 (0)21 7193 711 (hunting) Bakhtiar bertambah panik, karena dia sebenarnya ingin Fax +62 (0)21 7179 1358 menghindarkan Tiro menyaksikan bencana tersebut. Tiro sebaiknya tidak memikirkan hal yang segawat ini di masa penyembuhannya. Sementara itu dua telepon seluler Bakhtiar terus berdering. Orang- orang menghubunginya untuk meminta penjelasan keadaan Aceh. “Tapi waktu itu saya tidak bisa menghubungi siapa pun di Aceh. Kontak sempat putus selama beberapa hari,” kenangnya. vi 1 Transformasi Gerakan Aceh Merdeka Dari Kotak Peluru ke Kotak Suara “Saya kemudian mengatakan pada orang-orang Aceh yang Kebenaran dan Rekonsiliasi yang tidak juga terbentuk, bahkan ada di sini agar menceritakan apa yang terjadi sebenarnya ke dibatalkan status nasionalnya jadi bersifat lokal. pihak luar bahwa mereka putus kontak dan begitu memperoleh “Kalau Anda ingin tahu seperti apa yang terjadi di balik informasi, mereka ternyata kehilangan keluarga
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