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Research Article s z Available online at http://www.journalcra.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH International Journal of Current Research Vol. 11, Issue, 01, pp.398-402, January, 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.33901.01.2019 ISSN: 0975-833X RESEARCH ARTICLE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF DICHLOROMETHANE AND ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACTS OF BINTARO LEAF (CERBERA MANGHAS, LINN) AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND ESCHERICHIA COLI 1,*Muhammad Yanis Musdja, 1Chadidjah and 2Ira Djajanegara 1Department of Pharmacy, State Islamic University, Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, Indonesia 2Indonesian Institute of Sciences, PUSPITEK, Serpong, Banten, Indonesia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Sea mango leaf and fruit (Cerbera manghas, Linn) are very toxic, therefore some people in Southeast Received 19th October, 2018 Asia and South Asia use them as fish poisons and rat poisons, besides that some people have also Received in revised form th used them to treat several diseases, such as, diabetes, digestion, fever, malaria and infectious diseases. 16 November, 2018 This study aims to determine the potential of dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts of sea mango Accepted 07th December, 2018 (Cerbera manghas, linn) leaf against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The leaves of Published online 31st January, 2019 Cerbera manghas, Linn was obtained from Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Plants Key Words: (BALITRO) Bogor, Indonesia. Sea mango leaves were extracted by multistage extraction using dichloromethane and ethyl acetate solvents. The obtained extracts were prepared with concentrations Antibacterial, Cerbera manghas, of 10 mg/ml, 20 mg/ml, and 30 mg/ml. Test preparation activity were carried out against Escherichia Dichloromethane, ethyl, acete, Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus coli and Staphylococcus aureus by using paper disc and dilution methods, minimum inhibitory Aureus. concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined and ampicillin antibiotic was used as a comparison. In this cases was obtained the MIC values of ethyl acetate extract against E coli and S aureus was 5 mg/ml and 2,5 mg/ml respectively and for dichloromethane extract was 2,5 mg/ml and 1,5 mg/ml respectively, while the MBC values of ethyl acetate extract against E coli and S aureus was 10 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml respectively and for dichloromethane extract was 5 mg/ml and 2,5 mg/ml respectively. Equality value for 10 - 30 mg/ml extract of ethyl acetate was same with 26,12 - 36,20 µg/ml ampicillin in against E. coli and 10,37 - 15,55µg/ml in against S. aureus respectively. Equality value for 10 - 30 mg/ml extract of dichloromethane was same with 20,55 - 34,98 µg/ml l ampicillin in against E. coli and 5,17 - 13,4 µg/ml in against S. aureus respectively. Based on the results of this study was obtained, that extracts of ethyl acetate and dichloromethane sea mango (Cerbera manghas, Linn) leaves have antibacterial activity against S aureus and E coli, where, extracts dichloromethane leaf of sea mango has antibacterial activity a little stronger than the extract ethyl acetate sea mango leaf. Copyright © 2019, Muhammad Yanis Musdja et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Citation: Muhammad Yanis Musdja, Chadidjah and Ira Djajanegara, 2019. “Antibacterial activity of dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts of bintaro leaf (cerbera manghas, linn) against staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli”, International Journal of Current Research, 11, (01), 398-402. INTRODUCTION According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 65% - 80% of the populations of developing countries Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has threatened the prevention currently use medicinal plants as remedies. It is estimated that and effective treatment of a variety of ever-increasing of the 300,000 plant species that exist in the world, only about infections caused by bacteria, parasites, viruses and fungi. In 15% have been evaluated to determine their pharmacological the coming decades, more common infections and minor potential. About 25% of modern drugs and approximately injuries can kill, because there are no more effective antibiotics 60% of antitumor drugs are derived from natural products to fight infectious diseases, because antibiotics are generally (WHO, 2014). Since ancient times, today and also for the resistant. Therefore, efforts to prevent the causes of infectious future, the main source of medicinal ingredients is from natural diseases become resistant to antibiotics and the discovery of products. One of the natural ingredients that has become a new drugs to fight infectious diseases must be increasingly major concern of researchers as an infectious drug is sea activated (WHO, 2011, Palhares, 2015). mango. Due to sea mango is a plant that is all toxic, but from some preliminary studies it is good enough to fight infectious *Corresponding author: Muhammad Yanis Musdja Department of Pharmacy, State Islamic University, Syarif Hidayatullah, diseases In traditional medicine, some people have used sea Jakarta, Indonesia. mango to treat diseases, such as, analgesic, anticonvulsant, 399 Muhammad Yanis Musdja et al. Antibacterial activity of dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts of bintaro leaf (cerbera manghas, linn) against staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli cardiotonic, hypotensive activity (Chang et al., 2000), In 12 test tubes with variation of concentration of test solution anticancer, antioxidant, antifungal, antilarva, and antibacterial. was made; 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 1500, 2500, 5000, 10000, Rahman et al. (2011). Sea mango contains several chemical 20000, 50000, 100000 ppm, each were diluted with ethyl compounds that was produced from secondary metabolites, acetate and dichloromethane until 1 ml of the test solution. such as saponins, polyphenols, terpenoids, and alkaloids. The Then each tube were added with 3.9 ml of bacterial growth seeds of the Sea mango contain cerberin compounds that have media (TSB), and 0.1 ml of inoculum. Then incubated for 24 the potential to anti-Carcinogenic (Amarpreet, 2014; Liu et al., hours at 37 ° C. Observe the turbidity of the tube to determine 2008). Cerberin is a type of cardiac glycoside, a steroidal class the MIC. Whereas to determine MBC, each test tube was taken found in the seeds of sea mango. This class includes digitalis- 10 µl and dropped on TSA agar media. Incubated for 24 hours like agents, channel-blockers that work as cardiac treatments, at 37 °C. MBC values were known by the absence of bacterial but which at higher doses are extremely toxic and can cause it colony growth on TSA media. Ampicillin was used as a to occur nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, often leading comparison with a concentration of 30µg/ml, 40 µg/ml, and to death. The natural product has been structurally 53.33 µg/ml. characterized, its toxicity is clear, it is often used as an intentional human poison in third-world countries, and RESULTS AND DISCUSSION accidental poisonings with fatalities have resulted from individuals even indirectly consuming the agent. but the The results of plant determination at the Center for Biological pharmacological effects of cerberin compounds have not been Research, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong, Bogor, much explained (Bari et al., 2017). Indonesia, showed that the plants used for the study of Cerbera manghas, linn from the family of Apocynaceae. Phytochemical screening was performed on the dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extract of sea mango leaves by the Harborne method (1998), which was found in the groups of chemical compounds, as shown in Table 1. The result of phytochemical screening of ethanol extract Cerbera manghas leaf that was done by Monjour et al (2014), They was also found biologically active chemical groups i.e, alkaloids, glycoside, steroids, flavonoids and tannins. Based on these two studies, Figure 1. Cerberin there was a difference in the content of Cerbera manghas leaves between dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts MATERIALS AND METHODS with ethanol extract, namely, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts did not have alkaloids, whereas in ethanol Sea mango (Cerbera manghas, Linn or Cerbera odollam) extracts there were alkaloids. leaves was obtained from the Spice and Medicine Research Table 1. Results of Phytochemical Screening of Dichloromethane Center (BALITRO), Bogor, Indonesia and to prove this plant and Ethyl Acetate Extract of sea mango leaves was sea mango leaf, determination was made at the Biology Research Center, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bogor, No Chemical groups Dichlorometan extract Ethyl Acetate extract Indonesia. sea mango (Cerbera manghas, Linn) in Indonesian 1. Alkaloid +++ +++ is called Bintaro. The dried powder of sea mango leaves was 2. Flavonoids ++++ ++++ macerated with 100% methanol and dried by using a rotary 3. Saponin +++ +++ evaporator. The extract obtained was dissolved with 4. Tanin +++ +++ dichloromethane until it was clear, then dried with a rotary 5 Steroids - - 6 Triterpenoids +++ +++ evaporator and used as a test preparation (dichloromethane 7 Phenolic + + extract). While the residue from the extract was added with 8 Glycoside ++++ ++++ 80% methanol and n-hexane with the same volume, thus Note : -: Negative forming 2 phases. Namely the n-hexane fraction and the +: Positive weak methanol fraction. In the methanol
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