New England Plant Conservation Program Liparis liliifolia (L.) L. C. Rich. ex Lindley Lily-leaved twayblade Conservation and Research Plan for New England Prepared by: Christopher Mattrick Senior Conservation Programs Manager New England Wild Flower Society Framingham, Massachusetts For: New England Wild Flower Society 180 Hemenway Road Framingham, Massachusetts 01701 USA 508/877-7630 e-mail:
[email protected] • website: www.newfs.org Approved, Regional Advisory Council, May 2004 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY i PREFACE ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iii I. BACKGROUND 1 Introduction 1 Description 2 Taxonomic Relationships, History, and Synonymy 3 Species Biology 5 Habitat/Ecology 10 Threats to Taxon 14 Distribution and Status 16 General Status 16 Status of All New England Occurrences — Current and Historical 21 Current Conservation Measures in New England 44 II. CONSERVATION 58 Conservation Objectives for the Taxon in New England 58 General Conservation Actions for the Taxon 59 Recommended Conservation Actions for Each Occurrence 65 III. LITERATURE CITED 86 IV. APPENDICES 90 1. Personal Communication References 91 2. Herbarium Specimens for Liparis liliifolia 94 3. An Explanation of Conservation Ranks Used by The Nature Conservancy and NatureServe 106 TABLES AND FIGURES Table 1. Rangewide Habitat Types for Liparis liliifolia 11 Table 2. North American Occurrence Summary 17 Figure 1. North American occurrences of Liparis liliifolia 20 Figure 2. Extant New England occurrences of Liparis liliifolia 45 Figure 3. Historic New England occurrences of Liparis liliifolia 46 Table 3. Current and Historical New England Occurrences 49 Table 4: Prioritized Implementation Table 78 2 SUMMARY Lily-leaved twayblade, Liparis liliifolia (L.) L.C. Rich. ex Lindley, is a perennial member of the Orchid family (Orchidaceae).