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90% Draft Quad Determination of Eligibility DC STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE DETERMINATION OF ELIGIBILITY FORM PROPERTY INFORMATION Property Name(s): Smithsonian Quadrangle (90% Draft Submittal – revised 8-15-16) Street Address(es): 1000 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20560 Square(s) and Lot(s): Reservation 3A Property Owner(s): Smithsonian Institution The property is being evaluated for potential historical significance as: An individual building or structure. A contributing element of a historic district:1 A possible expansion of a historic district: Specify A previously unevaluated historic district to be known as: Specify An archaeological resource with site number(s): Specify An object (e.g. statue, stone marker etc.): Specify A new multiple property/thematic study regarding: Specify Association with a multiple property/thematic study: Specify Other: Specify See continuation sheets for current photographs of the property, map, description, rationale for the proposed determination of eligibility, images, drawings, and other pertinent information.2 ________________________________________________________________________________ PREPARER’S DETERMINATION Eligibility Recommended Eligibility Not Recommended Applicable National Register Criteria: Applicable Considerations: A B C D A B C D E F G Prepared By: Daria Gasparini, Principal, Robinson & Associates Date: August 15, 2016 DC SHPO REVIEW AND COMMENTS Concurs with Recommendation Does Not Concur with Recommendation David Maloney Date: District of Columbia State Historic Preservation Officer Reviewed by: DC Government Project/Permit Project Log Number: 1 The Smithsonian Quadrangle is a contributing element of the National Mall Historic District. See Robinson & Associates, Inc., National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form, “National Mall Historic District,” draft dated May 2016, prepared for the National Park Service. Although the purpose of this individual Determination of Eligibility for the Smithsonian Quadrangle is not to elaborate extensively on its contributing status to the historic district, a brief explanatory statement in the Previous Evaluations section is provided. 2 All photographs are by Robinson & Associates (June 2016) unless otherwise indicated. DC State Historic Preservation Office Determination of Eligibility Form for the Smithsonian Quadrangle Figure 1: View looking northwest from Independence Avenue of the entrance pavilions to the National Museum of African Art (at right in foreground) and the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery (at left in background), Smithsonian Quadrangle. Figure 2: View looking west of the entrance pavilion to the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Quadrangle. 2 DC State Historic Preservation Office Determination of Eligibility Form for the Smithsonian Quadrangle Figure 3: View looking north across the central parterre of the Enid A. Haupt Garden, Smithsonian Quadrangle. Figure 4: Map of the Mall with the location of the Smithsonian Quadrangle identified with an orange star. [USGS Topographic Map, 2014] 3 DC State Historic Preservation Office Determination of Eligibility Form for the Smithsonian Quadrangle Figure 5: Map showing the location and arrangement of the Enid A. Haupt Garden and the aboveground pavilions of the Smithsonian Quadrangle. [Google Maps] INTRODUCTION The Smithsonian Quadrangle is located in Washington, D.C., on a 4.2-acre site within the National Mall bounded by the Freer Gallery of Art (Freer Sackler Gallery) on the west, the Smithsonian Institution Building (the Castle) on the north, the Arts and Industries Building on the east, and Independence Avenue on the south. (See Figure 5.) The Quadrangle comprises a multilevel subterranean structure with three aboveground entrance pavilions set within a rooftop garden dedicated as the Enid A. Haupt Garden. The building functions as a combined museum, office, education, and support complex that contains the Smithsonian’s S. Dillon Ripley Center, the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, which connects below grade to the Freer Gallery of Art, and the National Museum of African Art. Located on sublevel three of the Quadrangle and accessed via a circular pavilion located in the northwest corner of the site is the Ripley Center, which houses the Friends of the Smithsonian, the International Center, the Discovery Theater, and the Smithsonian Associates. The Sackler Gallery and the National Museum of African Art are located on the second and third sublevels of the Quadrangle. (See floor plans in Appendix A.) The Smithsonian Quadrangle was designed by Shepley, Bulfinch, Richardson and Abbott (Jean Paul Carlhian, Design Principal) in the Postmodern style following a concept by Japanese architect Junzo Yoshimura. The landscape architect of record was Sasaki Associates. After a long planning and design process, construction started in 1983. The Quadrangle opened in stages, starting with the Ripley Center in October 1986. The Haupt Garden opened in May 1987, and the Sackler Gallery and the National Museum of African Art followed that September. PURPOSE AND METHODOLOGY A Determination of Eligibility is an initial consideration of the National Register eligibility of a resource used to fulfill a state or federal agency’s obligations under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. It provides objective, accurate, and meaningful documentation of a historic resource to assist in reaching a consensus determination between an agency and a State Historic Preservation Office and can be followed by further evaluations. The purpose of this Determination of Eligibility is to provide a preliminary evaluation of the Smithsonian Quadrangle for its potential significance as an individual 4 DC State Historic Preservation Office Determination of Eligibility Form for the Smithsonian Quadrangle building under the National Register of Historic Places Criteria for Evaluation in satisfaction of the requirements of the D.C. Historic Preservation Office. For the purposes of this evaluation, the Smithsonian Quadrangle is classified as a building.3 This classification refers to the historically and functionally related unit comprised of the 4.2-acre Quadrangle site, which is roughly bounded by the Freer Gallery of Art, the Smithsonian Institution Building, the Arts and Industries Building, and Independence Avenue, and encompasses the Haupt Garden, the entrance pavilions to the Sackler Gallery, the National Museum of African Art, the Ripley Center, and the Quadrangle’s subterranean structure. The Smithsonian Quadrangle is separately evaluated under each of the National Register Criteria for Evaluation. These include Criterion A, properties associated with significant events; Criterion B, properties associated with significant persons; Criterion C, properties that embody distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, properties that represent the work of a master, or properties that possess high artistic value; and Criterion D, properties that yield information important to prehistory or history. In addition, due to the fact that it was completed twenty- nine years ago, in 1987, the Smithsonian Quadrangle is evaluated under National Register Criterion Consideration G, for properties less than fifty years old. The document includes a description of the resource focusing on its principal public spaces, a concise narrative describing the historical context in which the building and its associated landscape were designed and developed, and a description of key changes to the building and grounds over time. The evaluation of significance includes a summary of the Quadrangle’s existing National Register status as a contributing building of the National Mall Historic District and an assessment of its potential significance as an individual building at the local and national levels. The evaluations follow U.S. Department of the Interior guidelines for applying the National Register Criteria for Evaluation and Criteria Considerations. DESCRIPTION The Smithsonian Quadrangle encompasses a 345,000-square-foot facility spread across three underground levels, three aboveground pavilions, and a designed landscape.4 The substructure is built with 30-inch-thick reinforced concrete foundation walls and a 42-inch-thick reinforced concrete foundation mat located 57 feet below grade.5 The subterranean roof structure is constructed of a concrete deck covered by a double-layer membrane. A 6-inch layer of gravel resting on precast concrete blocks with integrated pedestals provides a drainage void between the roof membrane and the earth fill and top soil above.6 The Quadrangle’s superstructure consists of three discrete aboveground structures placed in a garden landscape. The one-story rectangular pavilions leading to the Sackler Gallery and the National Museum of African Art flank the entrance to the Haupt Garden from Independence Avenue, which is arranged on axis with the south door of the Smithsonian Institution Building. The museum pavilions were 3 This classification is consistent with the National Register nomination for the National Mall Historic District, which also classifies the Smithsonian Quadrangle as a building. See Robinson & Associates, Inc., National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form, “National Mall Historic District,” draft dated May 2016, prepared for the National Park Service. 4 Ninety-six percent of the Quadrangle is located underground; the total size of the complex is 360,000 gross square feet including the aboveground pavilions. 5 Press release, “The Smithsonian’s New Underground Museum Project,”
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