DOCSLIB.ORG

DAMES & R~OORE

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
DAMES & R~OORE SINAI DEVELOPMENT STUDY s PHASE I FINAL REPORT VOLUME I A STRATEGY FOR THE StTTLE~ENT OF SINAI SUBMITfED TO: THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR RECONSTRUCTION MINISTRY OF OEVELOPMENT At\A6 REPIJBl.IC OF EGYPT MARCH 1985 PREPARED l3Y: DAMES & r~OORE IN ASSOCIATION WITH INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT °ROGRAMMES SA FINAL REPORT LIST OF VGlUMES Volume I A Strategy for the Settlement of S1I1ai Volume II Man~ging Sinai's Development Volume III An Economic Development and Investment Pian, 1983 to 2000 Volume IV The Land and the Environment of Sinai Volume V Water Sl..lPplies and Costs Volu:ne VI Settlement and Social Development V'J 1ume VIr Sinai Data Book VOLUME I A STRATEGY FOR HIE SEITlEMENT Of SINAI I TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME I-A STRATEGY fOR THE SETTLEMENT Of SINAI ~ ACKNOWLEOOEMENTS e I ••••••••••• 0 •••••• 6; ••••••• II •••••••••••••••••• viii EXECUTI VE SlMtARy ••••••••••••••••••••••..• 0 •••• 0 ••••• e I . E-1 1. INTRODUCTION •••••••••••••• .,' •••••••••• 0 8 E-1 2. KEY PLANNING ISSUES 0 •••••••• ,. •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• E-1 3. KEY POTENTIALS AND OPPORTUNITIES •...................•.•.•.•. , ..... E-3 4. t<:EY RECOMMENDAT fONS ••••••••• II • , ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• E-4 5. ORIGIN OF THE STUDY ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• '.J •••• E-7 6. METHODOLOGY . E-8 7• ALTtRNATIVES CONSIDERED •••• ,' •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• E-10 8. CURRENT SITUATION ••••• "••••• " " . E-11 9. KEY IMPLEMENTA<fION ISSUES II ••••• ' •••••••••••• ". II ••• E-12 9.1 Location of Development -0 ••••••••••• E-12 ~ 9.2 Nile Water •••••••••••••.••••••••.••••••• C •• II •••••••• ••••••••••••• E-12 9.3 In-Migration ..•.•.••.....•••...•..•••.• "....•••.•••••..•••.•••.••• E-13 9.4 Sinai1s Economic Role in Egypt ...................•••.•.••..•...... E-13 9.5 Service Role. 0 e .. E-13 9.6 Trade with Middle East and Mediterranean Countries ...••.••.•••.•.. E-14 9.7 Job Creation It " . i.:-14 9.8 The Env;ronlnent .. -, •••••.•.•.••.••.. "" •.. " ..••.••.. II " . E-14 9.9 Management ~ , E-14 9.10 Costs •••••••••••••••.•••••••.•••.••••••••.••••• e ... E-15 10. NEXT STEPS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,. , ••• E-15 1.0 INTRODUCTICN ••••••••••• a a •••• 1-1 1.1 SCOPE OF THE STUDY . 1-1 1.1.1 Natura1 Resources ." ••••• 5 II . 1-1 1.1.2 Soc1 a1 Studies •••••••••••••••••••••• ~ ••••••••••••••••••••••• 1-1 1.1. 3 Econ Din i cStudies •.••...••. 0 . 1-2 1.1.4 Infrastructure and Services .............•.............•.•... 1-2 1.1.5 Management and Administration , ...•..••...•••..•..••..•.•.•. 1-3 1.1.6 Research and Development Programs and Projects .....•..•.•.•• 1-3 ~-3 1.2 PROCESS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ( •••••••••• & ••••••••••••••• 1.3 ~10W TO USE TH IS VOLUME •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1-4 2.0 THE CURRENT SITUATION OF THE SINAI PENINSULA . 2-1 2.1 I NTr~OOUCT ION •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• s ••••••••••••••• 2-1 TABLE Of CONTENTS (cont'd) 2.2 THE SETTING .......... ~ " ...... " . 2-1 2.3 THE LANDSCAPE • •••••••••••••••••••••• c. ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 2-2 2.4 WATER RESOURCES • •••••• II •••••••••••••••• ~ •••••••••••••••••••••••• •• 2-2 2.5 SOILS ............................................................. 2-3 2.6 ENERGY ............................... ............................ 2-5 2.7 MINERALS AND BUILDING MATERIALS .............. " . 2-5 2.8 FLORA AND FAUNA • •••••••••••••••••••••••••• ill ••••••••••••••••••••••• 2-5 2.9 LAND USE AND INFRASTRUCTURE ................................. ~ ...... 2-8 2.10 POPULATION .........................., . ...................... ~ .... 2-10 2.11 ECONOMY • ••••••••••••••••• 0 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 2-10 3.0 NATIONAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT GOALS ••••• II ••••••••••••••••••••• 3-1 3.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................... 3-1 3.2 NATIONAL GOALS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• fl ••••••• 3-2 R~GIONAL 3.3 GOALS •••••••••• 0 ••• " •••••••••••••••••• 0 ••••••••••• ••• 3-2 3.4 WORKING HYPOTHESES ................................................ 3-3 3.5 PURPOSE • •••• It ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 3-3 3.6 SUMfvlARY · . 3-4 4.0 LAND CAPABILITY • ••••• " It ••••••• 0 ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 4-1 4.1 METHODOLOGy . ••• ... •••••••••••••••••••• • •••• It •••• . 4-1 4.2 SU~MARY OF FINDINGS ................................................. 4-2 4.3 CONCLUSIONS ....................................... tl ~ ••••••• 4-6 5.0 THE RECOMMENDED STRATEGY o ••• ., , •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 5-1 ~NTRODUCTION 5.1 ., ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• I(j •••••••••••••••••••• 5-1 5.2 ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES II . 5-4 5.2.1 Rural Development .......... ,. 5-4 [.2.2 Urban Deve 1oprnent . 5-6 5.2.3 Extra-Regional Development •••••••••••••••••••••• '.#11 ••••• 0 •••• 5-6 5.3 LAND USE • e ••••••••••••••• 0 " •••• 5-6 5.4 SOCIAL INTEGRATION ••••••••••••••••• '" ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• lit 5-? 5.5 SPATIAL PATTERN · " ." . 5-10 5.6 INFRASTRUCTURE .••.•••....•....••.....•••.•...•....•..........•.... 5-16 5.7 INTEGRATION WITH NILOTIC EGYPf AND THE MIDDLE EAST ................ 5-19 5.8 PHASING ..... " . 5-19 5.9 OPTIONS OF THE RErOMMENDED STRATEGY II •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 5-21 5.9.1 Northwest SUbregion ........................................... 5-22 5.9.2 Northeast Subregion •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• II ••• e •••••••• 5-22 TA8LE OF CONTENTS (contld) 5.9.3 Uplands Subregior e ••••••••••••• ,.. 'e. 5-22 5.9.4 Southwest SUbregion ...••... 0 ••• ' •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 5-23 5.9.5 Southeast Subregion .....•................ ~ 5-23 ~ ~ 5•10 COMM ENTAR Y 11 ••••••••••• ••••• ••••••• .. •,• • iii .\ ••••• .. •••••• 5- 24 5.11 CONCLUSION ,,~ O' ••• ., •• • •••••• f t: , •••••••• J ••••••• e , • 5-25 ~.t' 6.0 EXECUTION ..........•... to •••• t •••••••• .. tI................. .... 6-1 6. 1 INTRODUCT ION ..).....• i'o ~ •••••••••• " ••••••••••••••••••••••••• " ••••••• 6-1 6.2 FOUR KEY PRODUCTION PROGRAMS •••••••••••••••••• ,................... 6-2 6.3 fIVE KEY SERVICE PROGRAMS......................................... 6-3 6.4 SPAYIAL DISTRIBUiION OF £XECUTION EMPHASIS........................ 6-4 6.5 PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT ••••••••.•••••••••.•••••• ••••••.•••••••••••• 6-4 '~A 6•5•1 P SEONE •••••••••••• f'I ••••••••••••••••••••••• e •••••••••••••• 6- 4 6•5•2 PHA SE TWO ••••..•.•••.••.••••.••.. •••.•.•.••••••. a _ •••••••• • .. 6- 6 T~fP[E 6.5.3 PiiASE ••••• (11 ••••••••••• 3 ••••••• e o ••••••• 6-6 FOUl~ ~.................................... 6.5.4 PHASE •• II •••• r,.. •.•• Ill" 6-7 6.6 MONITORING SYSTEr~ •• ;,. •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• G............... 6-7 6.7 INVESTMENT REqUIREMENTS........................................... 6-9 APPENDIX A- LIST OF REPORTS. WORKING PAPERS AND OTHER WRITTEN SUBMITTALS .••.••.••••.•••••.. .•••••.••••• A-l APPENDiX B- LIST OF MAJOR PPOJECTS/PROGRAMS AND RECOMMENDED NEXT ACTION STEPS •.•.••••••••••.••••••••.•• B-1 APPENDiX C - SINAI'S FIVE SUBREGIONS •••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••.••.•• C-1 CREDITS "... CR-l LIST OF FIGURES Numbar page E.1 Location Map " 5 ••••••••• •••••• E-2 E.2 Orientation Map Showing Contours Five Subregions and Governates ...........•...•..••..•.•.•.•• E-9 2.1 Areas Most Likely to have Soils Suitable for Irrigated Agriculture ........••.....•.......•.. 2-4 2.2 Principal Known Minerals ••..••.•....•..•••••••.•.•......••• 2-6 2.3 Primary Exploration Areas ·or Construction Materials 0 ••••••••••••• •••••• 2-7 2.4 General Vegetation Types ..•.•......•.....•.......•.....••... 2-9 4.1 Location of Principal Tourist Attractions .............•.••.• 4-4 5.1 Recommended Strategy: Extensive Land Uses ~ and Settlements., II ••••••••••• f.•••••••••• •••••• 5-7 5.2 Reco~nended Strategy: Growth Poles, Growth Points and Linkages ~ 411 4 •••••••• •••••• 5-13 5.3 Recommended Strate'lY: Settlement Hierarchy dlld Phasing ...... 5-15 5.4 Recommended Strategy: Schematic Diagram of Major Nile Water Conveyances ......•.........•..........•.... 5-17 5.5 Recomncnded Strategy: Infrastructure by Phase .......•...... 5-18 5.6 Recommended Strategy: Northwest SUbregion Spatial Hierarchy and Linkages >.............. 5-27 5.7 ReCOl1l11ended Strategy: Northeast. Subregion Spatial Hierarchy and Linkages .....................•........ 5-28 5.8 Recommended Strategy: Uplands Subregion Spa t ia1 Ii ierdrchy and Link ages .......................••..... 5-29 5.9 Recommended Strategy: Southwest Subre~Jion Spatial Hierarchy and Linkages . 5-30 5.10 Recolllroencled Strategy; Southeast Subregion Spatial Hierarchy and Linkages ............•................. 5-31 5.11 Legend for the Maps of the Five Subregions . 5-32 6.1 ~onitoring the Sinai Regional Development Strategy . 6-8 C.1 Recommended Strategy: Northwest Subregion Spatial Hierarchy and Linkages . C-4 C.2 Recommended Strategy: Northeast Subregion Spatial Hierarchy and Linkages , . C-7 C.3 Recommended Strategy: Uplands Subf(~gion Spatial Hierarchy and Linkages .......•.....................• C-9 C.4 Recommended Strategy: Southwest Subregion Spat ial Hierarchy and Linkages, . C-11 C.5 I<ecorrunended Strategy: Southeast Subre~}ion Spatial Hierarchy apr) Linkages . C-13 C.6 Legend for the Maps of the ~) Subreg ions . C-15 ......,!umber-, ..,, __0::._ pa.ge Summary of Investmp.nt Plan, 1983-2000 •...•.•..•.•...•..•..•. £-6 Development Priorities by Phase •.••.......•••.•..•.•..•••••• ;::-17 2-1 Candidate Areas for Irriuable Soils. by Subregion •.•.••••.•• 2-3 2-2 Major Service Facilities and Utilities in Slnai, 1981 ....••• 2-Lt 4-1 Land Capability Ranking of Subregions ..•.•.••.•••••.•••...•• 4-5 5-1 Key Elements of the Sinai Economy 1983
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Abbreviations
    Abbreviations A1B One of the IPCC SRES scenarios AIS Asociación Colombiana de Ingeniería ABM anti-ballistic missile Sísmica [Colombian Association for AA Auswärtiges Amt [Federal Ministry for Earthquake Engineering] Foreign Affairs, Germany] AKOM Afet Koordinasyon Merkezi [Istanbul ACOTA African Contingency Operations Training Metropolitan Municipality Disaster Assistance Coordination Centre] ACRS Arms Control and Regional Security AKP Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi [Justice and ACSAD Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones Development Party] and Dry Lands AKUF AG Kriegsursachenforschung [Study Group ACSYS Arctic Climate System Study on the Causes of War] (at Hamburg ACUNU American Council for the United Nations University) University AL Arab League AD anno domini [after Christ] AMMA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis ADAM Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies: Project Supporting European Climate Policy (EU AMU Arab Maghreb Union funded project) An. 1 Annex 1 countries (under UNFCCC) ADB Asian Development Bank An. B Annex B countries (under Kyoto Protocol) ADRC Asian Disaster Reduction Centre ANAP Anavatan Partisi [Motherland Party] AESI Asociación Española de Ingeniría Sísmica ANU Australian National University [Association for Earthquake Engineering of AOSIS Alliance of Small Island States Spain] AP3A Early Warning and Agricultural Productions AfD African Development Bank Forecasting, project of AGRHYMET AFD Agence Française de Développement APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation AFED Arab Forum on Environment and APHES Assessing
    [Show full text]
  • Suez Canal Development Project: Egypt's Gate to the Future
    Economy Suez Canal Development Project: Egypt's Gate to the Future President Abdel Fattah el-Sissi With the Egyptian children around him, when he gave go ahead to implement the East Port Said project On November 27, 2015, President Ab- Egyptians’ will to successfully address del-Fattah el-Sissi inaugurated the initial the challenges of careful planning and phase of the East Port Said project. This speedy implementation of massive in- was part of a strategy initiated by the vestment projects, in spite of the state of digging of the New Suez Canal (NSC), instability and turmoil imposed on the already completed within one year on Middle East and North Africa and the August 6, 2015. This was followed by unrelenting attempts by certain interna- steps to dig out a 9-km-long branch tional and regional powers to destabilize channel East of Port-Said from among Egypt. dozens of projects for the development In a suggestive gesture by President el of the Suez Canal zone. -Sissi, as he was giving a go-ahead to This project is the main pillar of in- launch the new phase of the East Port vestment, on which Egypt pins hopes to Said project, he insisted to have around yield returns to address public budget him on the podium a galaxy of Egypt’s deficit, reduce unemployment and in- children, including siblings of martyrs, crease growth rate. This would positively signifying Egypt’s recognition of the role reflect on the improvement of the stan- of young generations in building its fu- dard of living for various social groups in ture.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Present Facilities, Equipment and Natural Condition
    Chapter 1 Present facilities, equipment and natural condition 1.1 The Canal The Suez Canal is a waterway of 162.25km in length, which bridges the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. North and South Approaches are set at both ends of the Canal. Timsah Lake, the Great Bitter Lake and the Little Bitter Lake are situated along the Canal. Layout of the Canal is shown in Figure 1.1.1. Table 1.1.1 Outline of the Suez Canal Overall length 190.250km From Port Said to Port Tewfic 162.250km From Port Said to Ismailia 78.500km From Ismailia to Port Tewfic 83.750km From the fairway buoy to Port Said lighthouse 19.500km From the waiting area to the southern entrance 15.000km The length of doubled parts 78.000km Width at water level (North/South) 345/280m Width between buoys (North/South) 210/180m Maximum permissible draught for ships 58ft Cross section area (North/South) 4,500/3,900m2 Being increased 4,700/4,000m2 Permissible speed for tankers group 11-15km/hr for other vessels 13-16km/hr Source) SCA Table 1.1.2 Historical Progress of the Suez Canal Item 1869 1956 1962 1980 1994 1996 2000 Overall Length (km) 164 175 175 190.25 190.25 190.25 190.25 Doubled Parts (km) - 29 29 78 78 78 78 Width at 11m depth (m) - 60 90 160 210/180 210/180 210/200 Water Depth (m) 10 14 15.5 19.5 20.5 21 21 Max. Draft of Ship (feet) 22 35 38 53 56 58 58 Cross Section Area (m2) 304 1,100 1,800 3,600 4,300 4,500 4,500 /3,800 /3,900 /4,100 Max.
    [Show full text]
  • Alia Mossallam 200810290
    The London School of Economics and Political Science Hikāyāt Sha‛b – Stories of Peoplehood Nasserism, Popular Politics and Songs in Egypt 1956-1973 Alia Mossallam 200810290 A thesis submitted to the Department of Government of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, November 2012 1 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 99,397 words (excluding abstract, table of contents, acknowledgments, bibliography and appendices). Statement of use of third party for editorial help I confirm that parts of my thesis were copy edited for conventions of language, spelling and grammar by Naira Antoun. 2 Abstract This study explores the popular politics behind the main milestones that shape Nasserist Egypt. The decade leading up to the 1952 revolution was one characterized with a heightened state of popular mobilisation, much of which the Free Officers’ movement capitalized upon. Thus, in focusing on three of the Revolution’s main milestones; the resistance to the tripartite aggression on Port Said (1956), the building of the Aswan High Dam (1960- 1971), and the popular warfare against Israel in Suez (1967-1973), I shed light on the popular struggles behind the events.
    [Show full text]
  • The Forgotten Fronts the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Forgotten Fronts Forgotten The
    Ed 1 Nov 2016 1 Nov Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The Forgotten Fronts The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Forgotten Fronts Creative Media Design ADR005472 Edition 1 November 2016 THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | i The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The British Army Campaign Guide to the Forgotten Fronts of the First World War 1st Edition November 2016 Acknowledgement The publisher wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in providing text, images, multimedia links and sketch maps for this volume: Defence Geographic Centre, Imperial War Museum, Army Historical Branch, Air Historical Branch, Army Records Society,National Portrait Gallery, Tank Museum, National Army Museum, Royal Green Jackets Museum,Shepard Trust, Royal Australian Navy, Australian Defence, Royal Artillery Historical Trust, National Archive, Canadian War Museum, National Archives of Canada, The Times, RAF Museum, Wikimedia Commons, USAF, US Library of Congress. The Cover Images Front Cover: (1) Wounded soldier of the 10th Battalion, Black Watch being carried out of a communication trench on the ‘Birdcage’ Line near Salonika, February 1916 © IWM; (2) The advance through Palestine and the Battle of Megiddo: A sergeant directs orders whilst standing on one of the wooden saddles of the Camel Transport Corps © IWM (3) Soldiers of the Royal Army Service Corps outside a Field Ambulance Station. © IWM Inside Front Cover: Helles Memorial, Gallipoli © Barbara Taylor Back Cover: ‘Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red’ at the Tower of London © Julia Gavin ii | THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | iii ISBN: 978-1-874346-46-3 First published in November 2016 by Creative Media Designs, Army Headquarters, Andover.
    [Show full text]
  • A Short History of the Suez Canal.Pdf
    Acknowledgements: Thanks to my son Adam and daughter-in-law Kylie Twomey who encouraged (read constantly hounded) me to write a book that related to a lecture that I had written. I promise that this is the start of a series! Also, to my son Andrew and daughter-in-law Rachel who inspire me to maintain a thirst for greater knowledge. And to my wife Julie who supported me during the long hours of putting this book together, providing suggestions and took responsibility for formatting the pages. And to Colin Patterson at Mumby Media for his valued input in reviewing this document prior to publication. Front cover: Photo courtesy Aashay Baindur/Wikimedia https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Capesize_bulk_carrier_at_Suez_Canal_Bridge.JPG Back cover: Photo courtesy Alydox at English Wikipedia https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DeLesseps.JPG Table of Contents A Few Interesting Canal Facts.......................................................... 1 The Course of the Suez Canal ........................................................... 2 Regional Geography .......................................................................... 3 Ancient Projects ................................................................................. 6 Early Ambitions ................................................................................. 9 Early Troubles ..................................................................................13 Canal Construction ..........................................................................16 Canal Completed
    [Show full text]
  • Phytoplankton Population As Alarming Warning Bioindicator of Water Pollution in El-Temsah Lake, Egypt
    Phytoplankton population as alarming warning bioindicator of water pollution in El-Temsah Lake, Egypt Mostafa Elshobary ( [email protected] ) Jiangsu University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2131-0679 Abdullah M. Attiah Atomic Energy Centre Zenhom E. Salem Tanta University Faculty of Science Dorya I. Essa Tanta University Faculty of Science Research Article Keywords: Phytoplankton, Palmer’s index, Environmental parameters, Pollution, El-Temsah Lake Posted Date: March 23rd, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-305271/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/16 Abstract Relative effects of spatio-seasonal variations on the quantitative and qualitative status of phytoplankton in 20 sampling locations of Temsah Lake were examined during winter and summer 2018. The study reveals that the population structure consisted of 105 species from 69 genera, with an annual average of 924155 cell/L. Bacillariophyceae formed the most dominant group with 42.45% of total phytoplankton with an average of 372379 cell/L. Navicula creptocephala was the most abundant species representing 19.16% of total diatoms and 7.78% of the whole standing crop with an annual average of 376879 cell/L. The highest phytoplankton abundance was in the Northern locations. Phytoplankton density showed a negative correlation of pH, temperature and TDS and positively correlated with nutrient content such as nitrate and silicate. In general, summer showed high indices value compared to winter and the diversity index in the current study ranged in moderate pollution range. The polluted state of the aquatic ecosystem in El-Temsah Lake during summer is comparatively higher than winter during the study period.
    [Show full text]
  • Adding Value to Global Logistics: the Expansion of the Suez Canal
    EuDA 2018 Annual Conference Th 15/11/2018, Brussels European Dredgers adding Value to Society Worldwide Adding Value to Global Logistics: the Expansion of the Suez Canal Paris SANSOGLOU Secretary General European Dredging Association Presentation’s Objectives Demonstrate: cthe importance of the Suez Canal in Global Logistics cthe importance of the New Suez Canal Project cDredging is a problem-solving and solution-oriented sector ! Provide food for thought on the role of dredging and its contribution to global logistics infrastructures. Slide 2 Suez Canal Expansion Slide 3 Suez Canal Historical overview 1798: Napoleon Bonaparte discovers ancient waterway passage. North – South canal deemed impossible to an alleged water level difference (10m) 1854: Ferdinand de Lesseps obtains a concession to construct a canal open to ships of all nations 1859: Construction begins on the shore of future Port Said 1869: Opening of Canal under French control 1875: British buy minority shareholding in the canal for just under ₤4.0 million 1882: Britain invades Egypt and seizes control of the canal 1956: Nasser, second president of Egypt, nationalises the canal 1967 - 75: Suez canal is closed due to Arab-Israeli war 2014: President el-Sisi launches New Suez Canal project Slide 4 First Canal Project 1859-1869 § Designed for steam powered vessels (only 5% of traffic at that time) § Considered “crazy and utopic” by the British § 70.000.000 m3 – 10 years § Methodology: - Started with forced laborers, shovels and camels - Shifted to steam powered dredgers, introduction
    [Show full text]
  • Surface Microplankton Composition at a Hyper Saline Oligotrophic Environment of Bitter Lake on the Suez Canal, Egypt
    www.trjfas.org ISSN 1303-2712 Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 14: 439-448 (2014) DOI: 10.4194/1303-2712-v14_2_14 Surface Microplankton Composition at a Hyper Saline Oligotrophic Environment of Bitter Lake on the Suez Canal, Egypt Hamed A El-Serehy1,2,*, Fahad A Al-Misned1, Hesham M Shafik3, Khaled A Al-Rasheid1, Magdy M Bahgat3 1 King Saud University, College of Science, Department of Zoology, B.O. Box 2455-Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. 2 Port Said University, Faculty of Science, Department of Marine Science, Port Said, Egypt. 3 Port Said University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Port Said, Egypt. * Corresponding Author: Tel.: +966.11 4675753; Fax: +966.11 4678514; Received 28 June 2013 E-mail: [email protected] Accepted 22 April 2014 Abstract The Bitter Lake is the central and most important water body of the Suez Canal as it contains 85% of the water of the canal system. This study reports the microplankton found occurring in the surface water of the Bitter Lake at monthly intervals from November 2008 until November 2009. A total of 130 taxa were identified, among which 67 taxa were of Bacillariophyceae, 15 Dinophyceae, 11 Chlorophyceae, 11 Cyanophyceae, 1 Euglenophyceae, 18 Tintinnidae, 4 Foraminiferidae, as well as 3 of Rotifera. Species diversity, numerical abundances and dynamics were analyzed for each taxon at three sites inside the Bitter Lake. At each of these sites Bacillariophyceae were predominant in the standing crop forming -1 67.2% of the total microplankton community with an average of 11,594 ind. L .
    [Show full text]
  • A Death Foretold, P. 36
    Pending Further Review One year of the church regularization committee A Death Foretold* An analysis of the targeted killing and forced displacement of Arish Coptic Christians First edition November 2018 Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights 14 al Saray al Korbra St., Garden City, Al Qahirah, Egypt. Telephone & fax: +(202) 27960197 - 27960158 www.eipr.org - [email protected] All printing and publication rights reserved. This report may be redistributed with attribution for non-profit pur- poses under Creative Commons license. www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0 *The title of this report is inspired by Colombian Nobel laureate Gabriel García Márquez’s novel Chronicle of a Death Foretold (1981) Acknowledgements This report was written by Ishak Ibrahim, researcher and freedom of religion and belief officer, and Sherif Mohey El Din, researcher in Criminal Justice Unit at EIPR. Ahmed Mahrous, Monitoring and Documentation Officer, contributed to the annexes and to acquiring victim and eyewitness testimonials. Amr Abdel Rahman, head of the Civil Liberties unit, edited the report. Ahmed El Sheibini did the copyediting. TABLE OF CONTENTS: GENERAL BACKGROUND OF SECTARIAN ATTACKS ..................................................................... 8 BACKGROUND ON THE LEGAL AND SOCIAL CONTEXT OF NORTH SINAI AND ITS PARTICULARS ............................................................................................................................................. 12 THE LEGAL SITUATION GOVERNING NORTH SINAI: FROM MILITARY COMMANDER DECREES
    [Show full text]
  • Suez Thermal Power Plant Country: Egypt
    Language: English Original: English PROJECT: SUEZ THERMAL POWER PLANT COUNTRY: EGYPT ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT SUMMARY Date: July 2010 Team Leader: E. Nzabanita, Power Engineer, ONEC.2 Team Members: N. Kulemeka, Socio-economist, OITC.2 D. Lekoetje, Public Utilities Economist, ONEC.2 K. El-Askari, Infrastructure Specialist, EGFO Z. Bellot, Financial Analyst, ONEC.2 E. Zeleke, Environmentalist, Consultant Project Team Regional Director: J. Kolster Sector Director: H. Cheikhrouhou Sector Manager: E. Nzabanita (OIC) Country Manager: K. Khushram SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT SUMMARY SUEZ THERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT Project Name: Suez Thermal Power Plant Country: Egypt Project Number: P-EG-FAA-016 1. Introduction 1.1 The Egyptian Government through the Egyptian Electricity Holding Company (EEHC) has approached the ADB for possible financing of the Suez Thermal Power Plant. As a requirement, EEHC commissioned Power Generation Engineering and Services Company (PGESCo - Egypt) to prepare the technical documents and procedures required by the African Development Bank and the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) concerning the Environmental and Social Assessment of the proposed project. 1.2 EEHC is seeking financial assistance from the ADB for the construction and operation of this 1x650 MWe, dual fuel power plant. The proposed plant is designated as a Category A project under ADB and WB rules and a Category C project under the Egyptian environmental regulations and therefore requires a full Environmental Impact Assessment. Financing from ADB is conditional upon obtaining the environmental clearance from both the Egyptian regulatory authorities and the ADB and subsequent posting on ADB’s website of this Summary for at least 120 days before the project proposal can be submitted to its Board for financing consideration.
    [Show full text]
  • Manar Ahmed Algammal Year 2019 -2020 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
    Supervisor: Prof. Cristina Pallini Co-Supervisor: Prof. Nora Lombardini Tutor: Prof. Enrico de Angelis Presented by: Manar Ahmed AlGammal Year 2019 -2020 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am extremely grateful to my supervisor Professor Cristina Pallini and my tutor Professor Enrico De Angelis. I thank them for their patience, support, and help during my PhD studies. I also thank Professor Nora Lombardini for her co-supervision. Special thanks also goes to the ABC department staff members and secretary. I also would like to sincerely thank my external reviewers Professor Emad El Sherbiny, Professor Nezar El Sayyad and Professor Sahar Imam for their esteemed evaluation and review of my thesis. I would like to express my gratitude to a number of Quseir and Suez residents, especially Dr Ali Souissi, architecture professor at Suez University, who passed away recently. I deeply thank Mr Sayed Abu Talib and Mr Mosa Gad for their help, as they are from the generations who witnessed the war in 1967 and 1973 in Suez. A special thanks goes to Dr Tarek Waly and Professor Dalila El Kerdany for providing me with data about Quseir. I dedicate my thesis to the memory of my mother, Dr Fatma Saleh. To my loving father, Ahmed AlGammal, whom I consider the light of my life. He has always supported me by all means and never stopped trusting my abilities. I am extremely grateful to him, to my brother Mohamed, and to my sister Mariam. They have always stood by my side, and it is due to their solidarity and support I was able to accomplish my thesis.
    [Show full text]